精品解析：北京市第十九中学2026-2027学年高三上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

高三英语统练3 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答. 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑. While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man approached me on the train.”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，这是作者凭想象进行的判断。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side支持；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A judge in the US has ordered David Berry Jr., a deer poacher (偷猎者), to watch repeat screenings of the film Bambi as part of his one-year-long jail sentence. Berry has been accused of illegally killing hundreds of deer and ____11____ (take) their heads for trophies. Officials said it was one of their ____12____ (large) ever poaching investigations. Generations of children and adults have been reduced to tears by the cartoon film of Bambi ____13____ (release) in 1942 in which the young fawn’s mother is killed by a hunter. 【答案】11. taking 12. largest 13. released 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述美国一名法官判处偷猎鹿的罪犯小戴维・贝里反复观看电影《小鹿斑比》作为其刑期的一部分，同时介绍了该偷猎案件的性质以及电影《小鹿斑比》的相关背景。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：贝里被指控非法猎杀数百只鹿，并割下它们的头作为战利品。本句中and连接两个并列的介词of后的宾语，前面是动名词短语illegally killing hundreds of deer，设空处需要与killing保持形式一致，应用动名词。 【12题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：官员们表示这是他们有史以来规模最大的偷猎调查之一。固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”，此处空格前已有their替代定冠词the，设空处需要填入形容词的最高级形式largest。  【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几代孩子和成年人都因1942年上映的动画电影《小鹿斑比》感动落泪，在影片中幼鹿斑比的母亲被猎人杀害。句子已有谓语have been reduced，设空处作后置定语修饰名词Bambi，Bambi和动词release之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词released。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yawning is something we all do — maybe because we’re bored or tired. Many of us think we yawn to take in more oxygen, ____14____ in fact there is no clear biological reason. A new research suggests it might be because yawning cools the brain down and prevents it ____15____ overheating, much like the fan in your laptop. This might be ____16____ we’re more likely to feel sleepy and yawn in warm temperatures. 【答案】14. but 15. from 16. why 【解析】 【导语】文章指出打哈欠并非为摄入更多氧气，新研究表明其作用是给大脑降温防过热。 【14题详解】 考查连词。句意：我们许多人认为打哈欠是为了吸入更多氧气，但实际上并没有明确的生物学原因。结合句意可知前后句之间是转折关系，使用but连接。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：一项新研究认为，打哈欠可能是因为它能降低大脑温度，防止其过热，就像笔记本电脑里的风扇一样。prevent...from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”为固定搭配。 【16题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这可能就是为什么我们在温暖的天气里更容易感到困倦和打哈欠的原因。空处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，应用why引导。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The most common form of cheating is trying to use a mobile phone ____17____ (get) extra help. But this inquiry has warned another growing high tech problem: pupils connecting to the internet through ____18____ (they) watches. Such smart watches ____19____ (ban) in exams, but inquiry chairman Sir John Dunford said that invigilators struggle to tell the difference between a ____20____ (convention) watch and an online version, and so a blanket ban was needed. 【答案】17. to get 18. their 19. are banned 20. conventional 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了考试作弊中利用智能手表联网的新问题，以及建议全面禁止手表以防作弊。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：最常见的作弊形式是试图使用手机获取额外帮助。use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语。 【18题详解】 考查代词。句意：但这一调查也警示了另一个日益严重的高科技问题：学生通过手表连接互联网。修饰名词watches应用形容词性物主代词。 【19题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这类智能手表在考试中被禁止使用，但调查主席约翰·邓福德爵士表示，监考人员很难区分普通手表和联网款手表，因此有必要实施全面禁令。主语Such smart watches和ban之间是被动关系，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用are。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。修饰名词watch应用形容词作定语。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. A The Best Chinese Restaurants Around D.C. The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded. Panda Gourmet This not-so-hidden-anymore fine restaurant for Sichuan cuisine is inside the Days Inn off New York Avenue. Dandan noodles and mapo tofu are sure bets. Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout, and delivery is now an option. Open from 11:00 a.m. to 9:45 p.m. Closed on Tuesday. 2700 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 Shanghai Taste Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area. It also serves a variety of chef’s specials, beef with rice cakes, and more. The restaurant is open from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday, offering call-in orders and pickups. 1121 Nelson St, Rockville, MD 20850 Gourmet Inspirations The spacious dining room is regularly filled with customers enjoying dumplings and a variety of noodle and rice dishes. Customers can also place pickup orders online for lunch or dinner until 8:00 p.m. six days a week. Closed on Tuesday. 2646 University Blvd W, Silver Spring, MD 20902 Queen’s English This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung’s Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson’s natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef’s counter, or covered dog-friendly patio (露台), with creative wine tastings in the mix. Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday. 3410 11th St NW, Washington, DC 20010 21. What service is available only at Panda Gourmet? A. Call-in orders. B. Free packing. C. Takeout delivery. D. Online pickup orders. 22. Which restaurant can you go to for beef with rice cakes? A. Panda Gourmet. B. Shanghai Taste. C. Gourmet Inspirations. D. Queen’s English. 23. What do we know about the Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights? A. It is open only on weekdays. B. It adopts a no-pet policy. C. It takes no reservations. D. It serves only dinner. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍华盛顿特区及周边四家知名中餐馆的菜品、订餐方式、营业时间与详细地址信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Panda Gourmet部分中的“Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout, and delivery is now an option.(熊猫美食家餐厅支持线上点外卖，如今也可以配送。)”可知，该店独有外卖配送服务。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Shanghai Taste部分中的“It also serves a variety of chef’s specials, beef with rice cakes, and more.(这家店还供应多款主厨特色菜、年糕牛肉以及其他菜品。)”可知，想要吃年糕牛肉可以去Shanghai Taste。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Queen’s English部分中的“Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 pm (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday.(晚餐营业时间：周二至周四下午5点30分到晚上9点；周五、周六下午5点到晚上9点30分；周日、周一歇业。)”可知，这家餐厅只供应晚餐。 B Agnes de Mille pursued careers in both dancing and choreography (编舞). At the start of her professional life, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it. A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award. But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.” Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been thought of in the same breath as other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright. During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.” Graham responded by saying: “There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.” 24. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo? A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It didn’t enjoy much success. C. It made her rise to fame overnight. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career. 25. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!? A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud. 26. Which of the following best represents Graham’s words in this passage? A. What you create is unique and thus more valuable than others’. B. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music. C. You should always keep yourself open to the inner voice within you. D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了舞蹈编舞家阿格尼斯·德米尔的创作经历，以及她因作品成败错位陷入困惑，后获名师开导的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. (几年后，德米尔为芭蕾舞剧《牛仔竞技》担任编舞。她依旧认为自己的作品很不错，但这部作品几乎没有获得商业声誉。)”可知，《牛仔竞技》这部作品并未取得太大成功。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations...I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. (但《俄克拉荷马！》的成功并没有给她带来太多快乐。她认为相较于自己的其他一些作品，她在这部作品上的创作只是一般水准……我开始觉得或许我的整套价值判断体系都是不可靠的。)”可知，德米尔认为自己优秀的作品无人问津，水准一般的作品却大获成功，对此她感到困惑不解。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open. (有一种生命力、生命力量、活力与朝气，会通过你转化为行动。因为亘古至今仅此一个你，这份表达独一无二。如果你将其禁锢，它便永远无法通过其他形式呈现，终将消逝，世间再无此物。你无需评判它的优劣、价值高低，也无需将它与其他作品比较。你要做的是清晰直白地坚守自我表达，保持创作通道的畅通。)”可知，格雷厄姆的话核心是要坚守自身内在的独特表达，倾听内心、保持自我的通透与开放。 C The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 27. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables are misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 28. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author’s research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 29. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 30. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs 【答案】27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. (但海拔必定是相对的：只有选择一个参考点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或位置的高度。) ”可知，作者在文章开头指出海拔的概念是相对的。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. (在Pradidali小屋附近的山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什么不同仪器之间的读数略有差异？这种不确定性让我开始思考零的含义。这就是我开始探究海平面概念史的原因。)”可推知，本段主要讲述了作者研究工作的起因。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.(自从我在2011年8月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升的问题以及将它置于历史背景下的必要性变得愈发紧迫：从那时到2022年底，全球海平面上升了近5厘米，约占自1993年以来卫星记录的总体上升幅度的一半。)”可知，划线词“it”指代前文提到的“the issue of sea-level rise”中的“the issue”，即海平面上升的问题。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions.(这个概念有一段历史很容易被忽视。我们往往忘记海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些假设的故事。)”以及第四段“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level.(在这本书中，我考察了平均海平面历史的三个关键阶段。)”可推知，该书主要探讨海平面的历史。因此，这本书最合适的标题是“海平面：一段历史”。 D Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coal-fired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. misprediction B. overconfidence C. underestimation D. irresponsibility 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ______. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering offers the solution to global issues C. people are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is challenging 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. D. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Who Is Rational About Risk B. Why Can’t Technology Be Trusted C. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk D. Is Technology a double-edged Sword 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家常认为民众反对核能、转基因作物等技术是非理性的，实则民众的担忧不局限于安全，还涉及社会、政治、监管等因素，探讨面对风险时科学家与普通民众谁的评判更准确。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。第三段画线词“complacency”冒号后的内容“we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk(我们往往不会惧怕熟悉的事物，因此熟悉感会让我们低估风险)”是对该词的解释，由此可推知，人们对熟悉事物不畏惧，进而低估风险，这是一种过度自信的心态，画线词应含有“过度自信”之意，与选项中的overconfidence相对应。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.(科学家还犯了一个错误，他们假定公众的担忧全部或者绝大部分都围绕安全问题。)”可知，地球工程的例子用来证明公众的顾虑并非只有安全这一方面。再根据第五段中的“Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety.(地球工程是另一个例子。外行人乃至科学家都更关心监管问题，而非安全问题。)”可知，该例子进一步佐证了上述观点，说明公众的顾虑并非只有安全这一方面。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance.(从统计学角度看，这些技术非常安全，因此人们的恐惧只能归因于情绪，再加上无知的推波助澜。)”以及第四段中的“Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety.(科学家还犯了一个错误，他们假定公众的担忧全部或者绝大部分都围绕安全问题。)”可知，科学家将民众对技术的反对简单归因为情绪与无知，又误以为公众的顾虑只围绕安全。由此推知，科学家错误判断了人们对技术的反对。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops.(科学家们常常抱怨，人们在反对核能、转基因作物这类技术时并不理性。)”可知，文章开篇提出科学家认为公众对技术风险的态度是非理性的，随后逐层反驳该片面观点，分析了双方在风险认知上的不同逻辑，最后以“Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment?(我们能说哪一方的观点更接近准确的评估吗？)”收尾，核心围绕谁对风险的态度是理性的展开探讨。选项A“Who Is Rational About Risk(面对风险谁是理性的)”涵盖本文主旨，适合作为本文标题。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. F 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 【35题详解】 根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 【36题详解】 空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高三英语统练3 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效. 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答. 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑. While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___1___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man approached me on the train. My ___2___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___3___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ___4___. however, was the fact. that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ___5___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___6___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___7___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___8___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from ___9___ with an open mind, and a willingness to _____10_____ with locals from all walks of life. 1. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 2. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 3. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 4. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 5. A. publish B. quote C. copy D. download 6. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 7. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 8. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 9. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 10. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A judge in the US has ordered David Berry Jr., a deer poacher (偷猎者), to watch repeat screenings of the film Bambi as part of his one-year-long jail sentence. Berry has been accused of illegally killing hundreds of deer and ____11____ (take) their heads for trophies. Officials said it was one of their ____12____ (large) ever poaching investigations. Generations of children and adults have been reduced to tears by the cartoon film of Bambi ____13____ (release) in 1942 in which the young fawn’s mother is killed by a hunter. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Yawning is something we all do — maybe because we’re bored or tired. Many of us think we yawn to take in more oxygen, ____14____ in fact there is no clear biological reason. A new research suggests it might be because yawning cools the brain down and prevents it ____15____ overheating, much like the fan in your laptop. This might be ____16____ we’re more likely to feel sleepy and yawn in warm temperatures. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The most common form of cheating is trying to use a mobile phone ____17____ (get) extra help. But this inquiry has warned another growing high tech problem: pupils connecting to the internet through ____18____ (they) watches. Such smart watches ____19____ (ban) in exams, but inquiry chairman Sir John Dunford said that invigilators struggle to tell the difference between a ____20____ (convention) watch and an online version, and so a blanket ban was needed. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. A The Best Chinese Restaurants Around D.C. The D.C. area is home to many outstanding Chinese restaurants, but diners willing to travel outside the city limits will also be rewarded. Panda Gourmet This not-so-hidden-anymore fine restaurant for Sichuan cuisine is inside the Days Inn off New York Avenue. Dandan noodles and mapo tofu are sure bets. Panda Gourmet offers online ordering for takeout, and delivery is now an option. Open from 11:00 a.m. to 9:45 p.m. Closed on Tuesday. 2700 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 Shanghai Taste Shanghai Taste offers arguably the best soup dumplings in the area. It also serves a variety of chef’s specials, beef with rice cakes, and more. The restaurant is open from 11:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday, offering call-in orders and pickups. 1121 Nelson St, Rockville, MD 20850 Gourmet Inspirations The spacious dining room is regularly filled with customers enjoying dumplings and a variety of noodle and rice dishes. Customers can also place pickup orders online for lunch or dinner until 8:00 p.m. six days a week. Closed on Tuesday. 2646 University Blvd W, Silver Spring, MD 20902 Queen’s English This nice Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights quickly became a destination for chef Henji Cheung’s Hong Kong-style cooking and co-owner Sarah Thompson’s natural wine list that earned her a Michelin nod. Reserve a spot indoors, at its chef’s counter, or covered dog-friendly patio (露台), with creative wine tastings in the mix. Dinner hours: Tuesday through Thursday 5:30 p.m. — 9:00 p.m. (last seating); Friday and Saturday 5:00 p.m. — 9:30 p.m. (last seating). Closed on Sunday and Monday. 3410 11th St NW, Washington, DC 20010 21. What service is available only at Panda Gourmet? A. Call-in orders. B. Free packing. C. Takeout delivery. D. Online pickup orders. 22. Which restaurant can you go to for beef with rice cakes? A. Panda Gourmet. B. Shanghai Taste. C. Gourmet Inspirations. D. Queen’s English. 23. What do we know about the Cantonese restaurant in Columbia Heights? A. It is open only on weekdays. B. It adopts a no-pet policy. C. It takes no reservations. D. It serves only dinner. B Agnes de Mille pursued careers in both dancing and choreography (编舞). At the start of her professional life, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it. A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame. Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award. But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.” Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been thought of in the same breath as other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright. During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.” Graham responded by saying: “There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.” 24. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo? A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It didn’t enjoy much success. C. It made her rise to fame overnight. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career. 25. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!? A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud. 26. Which of the following best represents Graham’s words in this passage? A. What you create is unique and thus more valuable than others’. B. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music. C. You should always keep yourself open to the inner voice within you. D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life. C The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m; Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables. But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go essentially unnoticed-we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of these assumptions. Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level. In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. 27. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text? A. Some mountains are getting higher. B. Data on wearables are misleading. C. The concept of elevation is relative. D. The reference point is hard to locate. 28. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. How the altimeter was invented. B. What initiated the author’s research. C. Why the digital readings varied. D. Where the author spent his holiday. 29. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph? A. The book. B. The project. C. The issue. D. The development. 30. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text? A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have B. Sea Level: A History C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs D Scientists often complain that people are not rational in their opposition to technologies such as nuclear power and genetically modified (GM) crops. From a statistical perspective, these are very safe, and so people’s fear can be explained only by emotion, strengthened by ignorance. Electricity from nuclear power has led to far fewer direct deaths than has coal-fired power, yet many people are afraid of it, and hardly anyone is afraid of coal plants. Similar arguments can be made about GM crops, which studies have shown are generally safe for most people to eat. Scientific illiteracy may be part of the problem. Most of us are afraid of things we don’t understand, and studies have shown that scientists tend to be more accepting of potentially risky technologies than laypeople. This suggests that when people know a lot about such technologies, they are usually reassured. But there’s more to the issue than meets the eye. It is true that many of us fear the unknown, but it is also true that we don’t care enough about routine risks. Part of the explanation is complacency: we tend not to fear the familiar, and thus familiarity can lead us to underestimate risk. The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster. So the fact that experts are unworried about a threat is not necessarily reassuring. Scientists also make a mistake when they assume that public concerns are wholly or even mostly about safety. Some people object to GM crops because these crops facilitate the increased use of chemicals. Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations. Geoengineering to lessen the impacts of climate change is another example. Laypeople as well as scientists are more concerned about oversight than safety. Who will decide whether this is a good way to deal with climate change? If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? Can we say which group’s view is closer to an accurate assessment? 31. The underlined word “complacency” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. misprediction B. overconfidence C. underestimation D. irresponsibility 32. The example of geoengineering is used to argue that ______. A. safety is not the whole concern of the public B. geoengineering offers the solution to global issues C. people are unnecessarily troubled by climate change D. lessening the impacts of climate change is challenging 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientific illiteracy is a major cause of disasters. B. The safety of technologies can be accurately assessed. C. People are unworried about risks with proper oversight. D. Scientists misjudge people’s opposition to technologies. 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Who Is Rational About Risk B. Why Can’t Technology Be Trusted C. Should Scientists Have a Say in Risk D. Is Technology a double-edged Sword 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. ____35____ In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. ____36____ All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. ____37____ Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. ____38____ The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. ____39____ That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $