精品解析：北京市八一学校2026-2027学年高三第一学期10月月考英语试题

北京市八一学校G2027届高三年级10月月考 高三英语 2026.10 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my ____1____, I felt distanced from most of my peer. “ Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say when they talked of me, as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be ____2____. Last September, however, that all ____3____. I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could share what we had written. I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: “ That will never be me. I’ ll never have the ____4____ to do that.” One day, I was really pleased with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those ____5____ little voices were ringing in my ear, “ You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to ____6____ my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes. I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice ____7____. I could hear it ____8____ as I read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. Unexpectedly, I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. The next day, I did it again. Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually I realized that ____9____ my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most outgoing, social person, but I’ve become better at oral presentations. I even read my poetry out loud at a reading club. Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I ____10____ to be heard. 1. A. embarrassment B. excitement C. humor D. silence 2. A. seen B. heard C. followed D. protected 3. A. changed B. returned C. developed D. disappeared 4. A. time B. courage C. patience D. evidence 5. A. tired B. funny C. urgent D. cheerful 6. A. touch B. wave C. extend D. withdraw 7. A. go down B. die away C. come out D. calm down 8. A. shaking B. singing C. shouting D. deepening 9. A. thanks to B. despite C. instead of D. except 10. A. fear B. agree C. deserve D. pretend 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个因口齿不清而沉默的女孩，在写作课上克服障碍，勇敢发声的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我的沉默，我感到与大多数同龄人疏远了。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. excitement兴奋；C. humor幽默；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Years of living with a lisp had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment.”可知，由于口齿不清，作者一直选择沉默，因此此处指由于沉默而感到与同龄人疏远。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不需要被听到。A. seen看到；B. heard听到；C. followed跟随；D. protected保护。根据前文“as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be”可知，此处指作者不需要被听到，因为作者一直选择沉默，不想被人注意到。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，去年九月，这一切都改变了。A. changed改变；B. returned返回；C. developed发展；D. disappeared消失。根据前文“however”及后文“I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist.”可知，作者开始上创意写作课，这是作者生活中的一个改变。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不会有勇气那样做。A. time时间；B. courage勇气；C. patience耐心；D. evidence证据。根据前文“I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: ‘That will never be me.’”可知，作者一直认为自己永远不会像别人那样大声朗读自己的作品，因此此处指作者认为自己缺乏去朗读自己作品的勇气。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些急切的小声音在我耳边响起，“你有口齿不清的毛病，记得吗？再说，你的写作也不是那么好。安静点。”A. tired疲惫的；B. funny有趣的；C. urgent急切的；D. cheerful快乐的。根据后文“You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.”可知，这些声音是试图阻止作者发言的内心对话，所以是急切的声音。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要收回我的手时，遇到了Haist女士鼓励的目光。A. touch触摸；B. wave挥手；C. extend延伸；D. withdraw收回。根据前文“You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.”可知，那些声音试图阻止作者发言，作者想要收回她举起的手以避免发言。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我吞下了那些声音，让我的真实声音流露出来。A. go down下降；B. die away逐渐消失；C. come out出来，发表；D. calm down冷静下来。根据前文“I swallowed the voices down”可知，作者吞下了那些阻止自己大声朗读的声音，决定克服内心的恐惧，让自己的真实声音表现出来。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我朗读时，我能听到它在颤抖，我能听到每一个结巴和错误。A. shaking颤抖；B. singing唱歌；C. shouting呼喊；D. deepening加深。根据后文“and I could hear every stutter and mistake.”可知，作者因紧张导致在读的时候声音在颤抖，能听到结巴和错误。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地我意识到，尽管我有口齿不清的毛病，但同学和老师总是很欣赏我的写作。A. thanks to多亏；B. despite尽管；C. instead of代替；D. except除了。根据后文“my lisp”及“the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing”可知，前后为转折关系，因此此处指尽管作者有口齿不清的毛病，但同学们和老师总是很欣赏作者的写作。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次那些小声音试图告诉我保持安静时，我都会想起我在课堂上得到的所有鼓励，我知道我值得被听到。A. fear害怕；B. agree同意；C. deserve值得；D. pretend假装。根据前文“Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class”可知，作者在课堂上得到了很多鼓励，因此作者认为自己值得被听到。故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum, ____11____ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small ____12____ (compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. As young people, we should focus more on major problems, like ____13____ (poor), environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings. 【答案】11. which 12. compared 13. poverty 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者今年1月参加在纽约举行的第六届联合国经济及社会理事会青年论坛的经历。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今年1月，我有幸参加了在纽约举行的第六届联合国经济及社会理事会青年论坛。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我觉得我过去担心的事情，比如我的考试或在学校的表现，与他们试图解决的全球问题相比，都是微不足道的。短语be compared to表示“与……相比”，过去分词作状语。故填compared。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：作为年轻人，我们应该更多地关注如人类面临的贫困、环境问题和医疗保健等重大问题。作介词宾语，应用名词poverty，不可数。故填poverty。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic. They filmed many birds that ____14____ (die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth — what caused the death of the birds was ____15____ their stomachs were literally too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists working on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs ____16____ (give) them a chance of survival. 【答案】14. died ##had died 15. that 16. to give 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了 BBC 摄制组在偏远的豪勋爵岛拍摄野生动物纪录片时，发现大量鸟类因不明原因死亡，查明其死因是胃里塞满了塑料，以及科学家们通过取出雏鸟胃中的塑料来拯救它们的过程。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他们拍摄了许多因不明原因而死亡的鸟类。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词birds；die与其主语birds 之间为主动关系，应用主动语态。此处描述的是摄制组过去拍摄时的情形，用一般过去时died；也可用过去完成时had died，表示鸟的死亡在拍摄这一过去动作之前已经发生并完成。 【15题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：经过一番研究，他们发现了真相——导致鸟类死亡的原因是它们的胃里几乎塞满了塑料。was后为表语从句，从句their stomachs were literally too full of plastic结构完整，不缺少成分，故用that引导表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们捕获了数百只雏鸟，并从它们的胃中取出塑料，给它们一个生存的机会。句中已有谓语动词captured和removed，故空处应用非谓语形式；此处取出塑料的目的是给雏鸟生存的机会，表目的用不定式to give。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There’s nothing better than flying to a foreign destination to visit the attractions it ____17____ (have) to offer. Millions of people are doing the same, and why not? The world has an amazing variety of must-see sights, from breathtaking natural scenery ____18____ impressive old cities. But the problem is that too many of us are visiting them at the same time, ____19____ (put) pressure on these delicate and ancient places. That’s why a number of beauty spots and historic sites have been introducing charges or restrictions on the number of tourists. There are many reasons for this: to reduce overcrowding, to manage wear and tear on old buildings and to tidy up the mess which ____20____ (leave) behind. 【答案】17. has 18. to 19. putting 20. is left ##has been left 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了人们纷纷出国旅游参观世界各地的著名景点，导致大量游客在同一时间涌入，给脆弱古老的景点带来压力，因此许多名胜古迹开始引入收费政策或对游客数量加以限制。 【17题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：没有什么比飞到异国他乡去参观那里值得一看的景点更令人愉悦的了。定语从句缺谓语动词，此处描述一般客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数，动词用has。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：世界上有各种各样的必看景观，从令人叹为观止的自然风光到令人印象深刻的历史古城。from...to...为固定搭配，表示列举范围的“从……到……”。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但问题在于，有太多的人在同一时间蜂拥而至，给这些脆弱而古老的景点带来了压力。句中已有谓语动词are visiting，空处应用非谓语形式；此处用现在分词putting作结果状语，表示前面的情况导致的结果。 【20题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这样做的原因很多：为了减少过度拥挤，为了减少老建筑受到的磨损，以及为了清理被遗留下来的垃圾。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the mess；leave与其主语the mess之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。此处描述当前普遍存在的情况，可用一般现在时的被动is left；也可表示动作已完成、对现在仍有影响，用现在完成时的被动has been left。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Colleague, I am writing with information about BAC University Summer Term’s four exciting programs for high school students. These programs provide the opportunity to study at a world-renowned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjoy summer in Boston. Here is a brief overview of our programs: High School Honors is a six-week residential or online program in which students take BAC University undergraduate courses and earn up to 8 transferable college credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2027. Academic Immersion (AIM) is a three-week non-credit residential program for students to focus intensively on a single academic topic. This summer we are offering three AIM tracks: Introduction to Experimental Psychology, Introduction to Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks combine classroom work with hands-on experiential learning activities. Students must be entering Grade 11 or Grade 12 in fall 2027. Summer Challenge is a two-week residential or online program in which students take two non-credit seminars of their choice and experience college life. Students must be entering Grade 12 in fall 2027. Summer Preview is a one-week non-credit residential program in which students explore one subject of interest while previewing the college experience. Students must be entering Grade 9 or Grade 10 in fall 2027. Our Summer Term’s programs provide students with rigorous and collaborative college life experiences that enable them to gain a strong sense of their personal and academic potential. Every year, our students form strong friendships as they undertake challenging coursework and participate in social events. I have enclosed a poster and a program brochure. I hope you will share this information with your students. Please feel free to contact us via email at summerhs@bac.edu if you have any questions about our programs. Warmly, Amanda Nelson Associate Director BAC University Summer Term 21. A Grade 11 student in fall 2027 who prefers online programs could choose ________. A. Summer Challenge B. Summer Preview C. Academic Immersion D. High School Honors 22. According to the passage, students can ________. A. engage in in-depth research in Summer Preview B. earn credits from the courses in Summer Challenge C. gain both knowledge and practical experience in AIM D. get at least 8 transferable credits in High School Honors 23. What’s Amanda Nelson’s purpose in writing the letter? A. To promote pre-college programs. B. To evaluate a summer camp. C. To introduce college learning projects. D. To recommend university courses. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是BAC大学暑期项目副主任Amanda Nelson写的一封信，介绍了该校面向高中生开设的四款暑期预科项目的时长、授课形式、招生年级与核心内容，并邀请对方将项目信息分享给学生。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“High School Honors is a six-week residential or online program in which students take BAC University undergraduate courses and earn up to 8 transferable college credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2027.(高中荣誉项目是为期六周的住宿制或线上项目，学生可修习 BAC 大学的本科课程，最多能获得 8 个可转换大学学分。该项目面向 2027 年秋季升入10至12年级的学生招生。)”可知，High School Honors项目开设有线上学习形式，且招生范围包含2027年秋季升入11年级的学生。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All three tracks combine classroom work with hands-on experiential learning activities.(三个方向的课程都将课堂理论教学与动手实践学习活动相结合。)”可知，AIM 项目兼顾知识讲授与实践操作，学生在项目中既能收获学科知识，也能获得实践经验。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I have enclosed a poster and a program brochure. I hope you will share this information with your students.(我随信附上了一张宣传海报和一份项目手册，希望您能将这些信息分享给您的学生。)”可知，写信人详细介绍了多款面向高中生的大学预科暑期项目，并希望收信人向学生推广相关信息。由此可推知，Amanda Nelson写这封信的目的是推广大学预科暑期项目。 B In early 2018, I was training for the London Marathon — the first and only marathon I would ever run in my life. I had treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits. At the end of my final training run — an exhausting 21 miles (34 km) — I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology. It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better. In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing. What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face. I love it so much. But I do not love running quickly. I do not like races. I do not want to be pushed to be faster. Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards — clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face. I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough. 24. The author used to view exercise tracking as ________. A. a method of escaping punishment B. a way of being a better runner C. a fun hobby for enjoyment D. a strong need for recognition 25. What does “being better” mean to the author now? A. Being more focused on her life goal. B. Getting pleasure out of winning races. C. Improving her overall well-being. D. Freeing herself from demanding tasks. 26. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Success equals self-improvement. B. Sports contribute to happiness. C. Passion is the key to success. D. Adjustment brings happiness. 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从执着于运动数据追踪，到放弃追踪、重新找回跑步乐趣并改善身心状态的转变。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better.(我从未真正把运动追踪视为问题。在我看来，追踪是通往自我提升的途径，重点就是提升，不是吗？重点就是变得更好。)”可知，作者过去把运动追踪视为成为更好跑者的方式。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the past year, the concept of ‌“being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day.(在过去一年里，“变得更好”这一概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，刷牙这类曾经轻而易举的事情变得难以想象地困难。“变得更好”不再意味着更快或更强。它意味着照顾好自己，并在一天中感受到一些快乐。)”可知，现在“变得更好”对作者而言意味着照顾好自己，并在一天中感受到一些快乐，意味着改善整体身心状态。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing.(于是，我停止追踪跑步，并直接删除了多年曾经对我非常重要、如今却毫无意义的数据。)”、第五段中“What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face.(自从放弃追踪跑步以来，我清楚地意识到我真心热爱跑步。我在当地公园里跑步，脸上挂着傻傻的微笑。)”和最后一段中“I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough.(我变得更好了。或者有时更糟。但无论如何，我都在慢慢前行，这就足够了。)”可知，作者通过放弃数据追踪、调整心态，重新获得了跑步的快乐和内心的满足，说明调整能带来幸福。 C As global temperatures continue to rise due to human-induced climate change, precise computerized climate models will be crucial in shedding light on how our climate will evolve in the coming years. A study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres by Chloe Clark and her team from UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a commonly used climate model known as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by that surface back into space. It is a critical factor in determining Earth’s climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albedo, such as snow and ice, reflect a large portion of solar energy, whereas darker surfaces like forests or oceans absorb more solar energy. “We found that with old model versions, the ice is too reflective by about five percent,” said Chloe Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much too high.” The amount of sunlight the planet receives and reflects is important for estimating how much the planet will warm in the coming years. Previous versions of E3SM overestimated albedo because they failed to account for microphysical properties of ice in a warming world. These properties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have on albedo. Dark colored algae and dust can make snow and ice less reflective and less able to reflect sunlight. To do the analysis, Clarke and her team studied satellite data to track the albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet. They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations. Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly minuscule properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate. “I think our work is going to help models do a much better job of helping us capture snow and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said. Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.” 27. According to the passage, albedo ______. A. changes with the lightness of surfaces B. matches up with the shape of the ice or snow C. is a measure of the solar energy arriving at the surface D. varies with the direction of the incoming solar radiation 28. What can be learned from the passage? A. The new model is more reliable than satellite observations. B. The previous model versions overestimate Greenland melt. C. Model adaptation improves the accuracy of climate predictions. D. Scientists have used the model globally to reduce the discrepancy. 29. What does the underlined word “minuscule” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable. 30. The last paragraph is written to ______. A. note the limitations of the finding B. point out further research directions C. illustrate the benefits of a new approach D. sum up the changes made in E3SM 【答案】27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于人类引起的气候变化导致全球气温持续上升，精确的计算机化气候模型对于揭示未来几年气候将如何演变至关重要。介绍了改编过的模型的特点。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space.(研究表明，该模型目前高估了地球气候系统的一个关键物理特性，即反照率。反照率是指冰将地球变暖的阳光反射到太空的程度)”可知，反照率随表面亮度的变化而变化。故选A。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations.(他们发现E3SM高估了冰盖的反射率，这意味着该模型估计的融化程度低于从冰的微物理特性中得出的预期。但是，将新的冰反射率纳入模型后，他们发现格陵兰冰盖的融化速度比旧模型版本快了约60亿吨。这是基于与卫星观测更一致的反照率测量)”可知，模式改编版提高了气候预测的准确性。故选C。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly(克拉克希望她的团队的研究强调看似……特性的重要性)”以及后文“properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate(这些特性可能对整体气候产生深远的影响)”可知，某些特性看似微不足道，但可能对整体气候产生深远的影响，所以克拉克希望她的团队的研究强调了这些小特性的重要性。故划线词意思是“小的”。故选A。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.”(接下来，克拉克想要研究地球上不同的冰区，以计算反照率差异在E3SM中的分布范围。克拉克说：“我们的下一步是让这个模型在全球范围内发挥作用，而不仅仅是在格陵兰岛有效。”他还打算将新的格陵兰冰盖融化率与观测结果进行比较，以衡量新的冰反照率有多准确。“将其应用于安第斯山脉和阿拉斯加等地的冰川将是有用的。”)”可知，最后一段的目的是为了指出进一步的研究方向。故选B。 D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以CrowdStrike系统崩溃事件为例，探讨现代社会系统重优化轻弹性的问题及应对之策。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.(周五，全球关键系统崩溃，起因是一家公司的一个失误。网络安全行业巨头 CrowdStrike 的停电影响了银行、航空公司和医疗保健系统。这可能最终成为历史上最严重的信息技术灾难。)”以及第二段“This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization, not decentralized resilience.(然而，这并非一场不可预见的怪异事故，也不会是此类事故中的最后一次。相反，这场灾难是现代社会系统的必然结果，这些系统是为超连接优化而设计的，而非分散式弹性设计。)”可知，作者提及CrowdStrike 事件主要是为了表明现代系统存在可预见的故障。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.(全球化带来了巨大的效率提升，产品可以由全球供应链中精心管理的环节组装而成。但这些系统缺乏弹性。每个环节都必须完美配合；哪怕只有一个环节出问题，整个系统就会崩溃。)”可知，全球化使得系统缺乏弹性，一个环节出错就可能导致整个系统崩溃，可推断出全球化的系统会将局部错误的影响扩大到全球范围。故选C项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion.(尽管现代对优化的追求常常将弹性置于次要地位，但我们并非必然要继续走这条危险的道路。而且，使我们的系统更具弹性也不需要回到一个脱节的、原始的世界。相反，我们复杂、相互关联的社会只要求我们牺牲一点效率，以便有更多的缓冲空间。)”可知，作者认为为了使系统更具弹性，即更具灵活性，应该牺牲一些效率。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以CrowdStrike系统崩溃这一事件展开，阐述现代社会系统因注重优化而缺乏弹性的问题，进而讨论应对措施，强调这一事件给我们带来的警示。而B选项A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike(一个警醒：来自CrowdStrike的教训) 准确概括文章主旨。故选B项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We humans are comparison creatures. ____35____ This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. ____36____ What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. ____37____ When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful, famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. ____38____ It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. ____39____ A. This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. B. Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. C. We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. D. We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E. Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. F. Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. G. We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. C 39. F 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍人类天生喜欢和他人比较，过去我们的比较对象多是身边人，差距较小；而互联网的出现让我们可以和世界各地的人对比，这种大范围的社会比较会侵蚀我们的心理，带来负面情绪，不过我们依然可以努力停止这种有害的比较。 【35题详解】 根据前文“We humans are comparison creatures.(人类是爱比较的生物。)”可知，本句提出人类爱比较的特点；空后一句“This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited.(这种特质的进化或许是为了帮助我们适应所处文化的社会等级。)”介绍该特质的由来；故推知：空处承接上句，进一步解释人类爱比较的行为，选项G“We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people.(我们总是拿自己和别人衡量对比。)”契合原文内容。 【36题详解】 根据前文“Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world.(不幸的是，随着互联网的出现，我们现在几乎可以和世界上任何人做比较。)”可知，互联网拓宽了我们的比较范围；空后一句“What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable.(在前几代人那里，比较带来的差距很小，而现在差距变得巨大、难以企及。)”说明比较对象的差距变大；故推知：空处说明我们接触到和自身差异很大的群体，选项E“Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us.(因此，我们现在接触到和我们差异很大的群体。)”承接上文，进一步说明互联网带来的结果。 【37题详解】 根据后文“When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful, famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves.(网上轻易看到很多人看起来成功、出名、有影响力、容貌出众，我们又偏爱对比，很难不受其影响，改变自我评价。)”可知，本段讲述大范围比较对自我认知的心理影响；故推知：空处总领下文，点明这种新的比较方式会对心理产生重大影响，选项A“This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives.(这种新层次的比较对我们的心理生活影响巨大。)”可概括本段内容。 【38题详解】 根据前文“We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack.(我们会嫉妒别人拥有的、自己缺失的东西。)”可知，前文列举负面情绪；空后“It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others.(意识到你在和别人比较是一回事。)”开启新一层论述；故推知：空处继续列举社会比较带来的负面情绪，选项C“We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all.(我们甚至会因为这种不公，对他人心生怨恨与愤怒。)”契合原文内容。 【39题详解】 根据前文“It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others.(而阻止自己和别人比较，则完全是另一回事。)”可知，前文点明停止比较这件事很难；故推知：空处进行转折，说明这件事虽难但可行，选项F“Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health.(但这是可以做到的，为了你的心理健康，这份努力值得。)”契合原文内容。 第三部分：书面表达（共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 41. The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 42. The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 43. In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 【43题详解】 开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 【点睛】 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的外国好友Jim即将参加一个全球在线研讨项目，主题为“影响我们未来的关键因素（Key Factors Shaping Our Future）”，发来邮件询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你的想法； 2．你的理由。 注意：1．词数不少于100词； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version 1 从青少年个人未来发展的角度 Dear Jim, I’m glad to know you’ll be taking part in the seminar on “Key Factors Shaping Our Future.” From my perspective, when it comes to teenagers’ personal development, two factors are especially important: a clear sense of self and perseverance. First, self-awareness helps us understand our strengths, weaknesses and interests, enabling us to set meaningful goals instead of simply following trends. When we know who we are and what we value, we can make wiser decisions about our studies and future careers. Second, perseverance is essential in a competitive and fast-changing world. Difficulties and setbacks are unavoidable, but those who keep working hard and refuse to give up are more likely to grow stronger through challenges. In short, knowing ourselves and staying persistent are key forces that shape our personal future. I hope my ideas will be useful for your discussion. Yours, Li Hua One possible version 2 从世界/人类命运共同体未来的角度 Dear Jim, I’m excited to hear about your seminar on “Key Factors Shaping Our Future.” From the perspective of the world and our shared human destiny, I believe two factors are especially crucial: global cooperation and sustainable development. First, in an increasingly interconnected world, no country can solve major issues alone. Challenges such as climate change, public health crises, and economic instability require nations to work together, share resources, and build mutual trust. Without cooperation, progress will be limited and conflicts may arise. Second, sustainable development determines whether future generations can enjoy the same opportunities we have today. Balancing economic growth with environmental protection is essential for long-term prosperity. In short, only through stronger cooperation and a commitment to sustainability can we shape a brighter future for all humanity. Hope these ideas help with your discussion. Yours, Li Hua One possible version 3 从世界/人类命运共同体未来的角度 Dear Jim, I’m excited to hear that you’ll be joining the global seminar on “Key Factors Shaping Our Future.” If I had to choose, I would say that responsibility and innovation are two key factors that will determine our future. First, responsibility matters because the challenges we face today, such as climate change and social inequality, require collective efforts. Without a strong sense of responsibility, even the most advanced technology cannot truly benefit society. Second, innovation drives progress. In a rapidly changing world, new ideas and creative solutions help us adapt and move forward. As students, developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills is essential. In my view, when responsibility meets innovation, we can build a more sustainable and inclusive future. I hope these ideas help with your discussion. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国好友Jim写邮件，分享对“影响我们未来的关键因素”这一研讨主题的看法并阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 （范文三） 兴奋的：excited→thrilled 先进的：advanced→cutting-edge 培养：develop→cultivate 包容的：inclusive→all-embracing 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In a rapidly changing world, new ideas and creative solutions help us adapt and move forward. 拓展句：What helps us adapt and move forward in a rapidly changing world are new ideas and creative solutions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If I had to choose, I would say that responsibility and innovation are two key factors that will determine our future. (运用了if引导的虚拟条件句，that引导的宾语从句和定语从句) 【高分句型2】In my view, when responsibility meets innovation, we can build a more sustainable and inclusive future. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市八一学校G2027届高三年级10月月考 高三英语 2026.10 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my ____1____, I felt distanced from most of my peer. “ Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say when they talked of me, as if “ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be ____2____. Last September, however, that all ____3____. I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could share what we had written. I remember listening to others read their work and thinking: “ That will never be me. I’ ll never have the ____4____ to do that.” One day, I was really pleased with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those ____5____ little voices were ringing in my ear, “ You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to ____6____ my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes. I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice ____7____. I could hear it ____8____ as I read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. Unexpectedly, I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. The next day, I did it again. Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually I realized that ____9____ my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most outgoing, social person, but I’ve become better at oral presentations. I even read my poetry out loud at a reading club. Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I ____10____ to be heard. 1. A. embarrassment B. excitement C. humor D. silence 2. A. seen B. heard C. followed D. protected 3. A. changed B. returned C. developed D. disappeared 4. A. time B. courage C. patience D. evidence 5. A. tired B. funny C. urgent D. cheerful 6. A. touch B. wave C. extend D. withdraw 7. A. go down B. die away C. come out D. calm down 8. A. shaking B. singing C. shouting D. deepening 9. A. thanks to B. despite C. instead of D. except 10. A. fear B. agree C. deserve D. pretend 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum, ____11____ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small ____12____ (compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. As young people, we should focus more on major problems, like ____13____ (poor), environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic. They filmed many birds that ____14____ (die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth — what caused the death of the birds was ____15____ their stomachs were literally too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists working on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs ____16____ (give) them a chance of survival. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There’s nothing better than flying to a foreign destination to visit the attractions it ____17____ (have) to offer. Millions of people are doing the same, and why not? The world has an amazing variety of must-see sights, from breathtaking natural scenery ____18____ impressive old cities. But the problem is that too many of us are visiting them at the same time, ____19____ (put) pressure on these delicate and ancient places. That’s why a number of beauty spots and historic sites have been introducing charges or restrictions on the number of tourists. There are many reasons for this: to reduce overcrowding, to manage wear and tear on old buildings and to tidy up the mess which ____20____ (leave) behind. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Dear Colleague, I am writing with information about BAC University Summer Term’s four exciting programs for high school students. These programs provide the opportunity to study at a world-renowned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjoy summer in Boston. Here is a brief overview of our programs: High School Honors is a six-week residential or online program in which students take BAC University undergraduate courses and earn up to 8 transferable college credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2027. Academic Immersion (AIM) is a three-week non-credit residential program for students to focus intensively on a single academic topic. This summer we are offering three AIM tracks: Introduction to Experimental Psychology, Introduction to Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks combine classroom work with hands-on experiential learning activities. Students must be entering Grade 11 or Grade 12 in fall 2027. Summer Challenge is a two-week residential or online program in which students take two non-credit seminars of their choice and experience college life. Students must be entering Grade 12 in fall 2027. Summer Preview is a one-week non-credit residential program in which students explore one subject of interest while previewing the college experience. Students must be entering Grade 9 or Grade 10 in fall 2027. Our Summer Term’s programs provide students with rigorous and collaborative college life experiences that enable them to gain a strong sense of their personal and academic potential. Every year, our students form strong friendships as they undertake challenging coursework and participate in social events. I have enclosed a poster and a program brochure. I hope you will share this information with your students. Please feel free to contact us via email at summerhs@bac.edu if you have any questions about our programs. Warmly, Amanda Nelson Associate Director BAC University Summer Term 21. A Grade 11 student in fall 2027 who prefers online programs could choose ________. A. Summer Challenge B. Summer Preview C. Academic Immersion D. High School Honors 22. According to the passage, students can ________. A. engage in in-depth research in Summer Preview B. earn credits from the courses in Summer Challenge C. gain both knowledge and practical experience in AIM D. get at least 8 transferable credits in High School Honors 23. What’s Amanda Nelson’s purpose in writing the letter? A. To promote pre-college programs. B. To evaluate a summer camp. C. To introduce college learning projects. D. To recommend university courses. B In early 2018, I was training for the London Marathon — the first and only marathon I would ever run in my life. I had treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits. At the end of my final training run — an exhausting 21 miles (34 km) — I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology. It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it? The point was to be better. In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing. What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face. I love it so much. But I do not love running quickly. I do not like races. I do not want to be pushed to be faster. Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards — clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face. I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough. 24. The author used to view exercise tracking as ________. A. a method of escaping punishment B. a way of being a better runner C. a fun hobby for enjoyment D. a strong need for recognition 25. What does “being better” mean to the author now? A. Being more focused on her life goal. B. Getting pleasure out of winning races. C. Improving her overall well-being. D. Freeing herself from demanding tasks. 26. What can we conclude from this passage? A. Success equals self-improvement. B. Sports contribute to happiness. C. Passion is the key to success. D. Adjustment brings happiness. C As global temperatures continue to rise due to human-induced climate change, precise computerized climate models will be crucial in shedding light on how our climate will evolve in the coming years. A study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres by Chloe Clark and her team from UC Irvine highlights a significant issue with a commonly used climate model known as the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The research reveals that this model currently overestimates a key physical property of Earth’s climate system called albedo, which is the degree to which ice reflects planet-warming sunlight into space. Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by that surface back into space. It is a critical factor in determining Earth’s climate and energy balance. Surfaces with high albedo, such as snow and ice, reflect a large portion of solar energy, whereas darker surfaces like forests or oceans absorb more solar energy. “We found that with old model versions, the ice is too reflective by about five percent,” said Chloe Clarke, “Ice reflectivity was much too high.” The amount of sunlight the planet receives and reflects is important for estimating how much the planet will warm in the coming years. Previous versions of E3SM overestimated albedo because they failed to account for microphysical properties of ice in a warming world. These properties include the effects things like algae (藻类) and dust have on albedo. Dark colored algae and dust can make snow and ice less reflective and less able to reflect sunlight. To do the analysis, Clarke and her team studied satellite data to track the albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet. They found E3SM overestimates the reflectivity of the ice sheet, meaning the model estimates less melt than what would be expected from the ice microphysical properties. But with the new ice reflectivity incorporated into the model, they discovered the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting at a rate of about six gigatons more than in older model versions. This is based on albedo measurements that are more consistent with satellite observations. Clarke hopes her team’s study stresses the importance of the seemingly minuscule properties that can have far-reaching consequences for the overall climate. “I think our work is going to help models do a much better job of helping us capture snow and ice-related climate feedbacks,” she said. Next, Clarke wants to study different icy parts of the planet to calculate how widespread the albedo discrepancy (差异) is in E3SM. “Our next steps are to get it so the model is functional globally and not just valid over Greenland,” said Clarke, who also intends to compare the new Greenland Ice Sheet melt rates to observations to measure how much more accurate the new ice albedo is. “It would be useful to apply it to glaciers in places like the Andes and Alaska.” 27. According to the passage, albedo ______. A. changes with the lightness of surfaces B. matches up with the shape of the ice or snow C. is a measure of the solar energy arriving at the surface D. varies with the direction of the incoming solar radiation 28. What can be learned from the passage? A. The new model is more reliable than satellite observations. B. The previous model versions overestimate Greenland melt. C. Model adaptation improves the accuracy of climate predictions. D. Scientists have used the model globally to reduce the discrepancy. 29. What does the underlined word “minuscule” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A. Tiny. B. Invisible. C. Plain. D. Stable. 30. The last paragraph is written to ______. A. note the limitations of the finding B. point out further research directions C. illustrate the benefits of a new approach D. sum up the changes made in E3SM D Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may end up being the worst information technology disaster in history. This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience. There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed, few others were affected. Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks. Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems — systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up? Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results. Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲). If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable (脆弱的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That means we can decide differently too. 31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ________. A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity B. introduce an information technology collapse C. explain why people are in a connected system D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system 32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system? A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network. B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity. C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale. D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants. 33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with? A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be. B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility. C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns. D. History can help people predict future patterns. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We humans are comparison creatures. ____35____ This quality may have evolved as a means of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world. It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range of differences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world. ____36____ What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable. ____37____ When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful, famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”. These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. ____38____ It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. ____39____ A. This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives. B. Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience. C. We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all. D. We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others. E. Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us. F. Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health. G. We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people. 第三部分：书面表达（共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 40. In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（共20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的外国好友Jim即将参加一个全球在线研讨项目，主题为“影响我们未来的关键因素（Key Factors Shaping Our Future）”，发来邮件询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1．你的想法； 2．你的理由。 注意：1．词数不少于100词； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $