Unit 8 课时3 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4d(知识清单)英语新教材人教版九年级上册
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Unit 8 More than a Game
Unit 8 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4d 核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
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1. 两者都不(连词);也不(副词):neither
2. 也不(连词、副词):nor
3. 独一无二的;罕见的(形容词):unique
4. 攀岩(名词):bouldering
5. 参加比赛;竞争(动词):compete
6. 既不…… 也不……:neither...nor...
7. 尽某人最大努力:do one's best
8. 参加选拔;试用:try out
9. 传统攀岩:traditional rock climbing
10. 被分成:be divided into
11. 与…… 竞争:compete against...
1. 两者都不(连词);也不(副词):___________
2. 也不(连词、副词):___________
3. 独一无二的;罕见的(形容词):___________
4. 攀岩(名词):___________
5. 参加比赛;竞争(动词):___________
6. 既不…… 也不……:___________
7. 尽某人最大努力:___________
8. 参加选拔;试用:___________
9. 传统攀岩:___________
10. 被分成:___________
11. 与…… 竞争:___________
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二、必会考点
1. Everybody is looking forward to the 4×100m relay.大家都期待着 4×100 米接力赛。
2. Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice.王亚明或者亚当都是合适的人选。
3. Neither is really suitable for me.这两项其实都不适合我。
4. My family also watch/watches team sports together.我们一家人也一起观看团体运动项目。
5. Both are quite fast.两个人 / 这两项都速度很快。
6. The Winter Olympics start next month.冬奥会下个月开幕。
①语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
· He is a famous singer.
· The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.
· Life is full of the unexpected.
· A sad movie makes me cry.
· Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.
②意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both...and连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
· The class is more than fifty students.(class指班级)
· Generally speaking, the disable need more help.
· Someone is knocking at the door.
③就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
· There is an apple and two pears on the table.
· There are two pears and an apple on the table.
2. It comes from traditional rock climbing and is divided into three different types: speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing.它源自传统攀岩,分为三种不同类型:速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。
divide v. 划分;分开;分割
divided (过去式 / 过去分词);division n. 划分;部门
✨核心短语
1. be divided into…被划分成……(被动语态,强调整体被分成若干部分)
✅ The relay race is divided into four parts.接力赛被分成四个阶段。
> 时态变化:
> am/is/are divided into(一般现在时被动)
> was/were divided into(一般过去时被动)
2. divide … into …把…… 分成……(主动语态)
✅ People divide the year into four seasons.人们把一年分成四个季节。
3. divide A from B 把 A 和 B 分开(区分开,分隔两者)
✅ A wall divides the garden from the road.一堵墙把花园和马路隔开。
短语
含义
侧重点
例句
be divided into
被划分成
一个整体拆分成多个部分
The class is divided into six groups. 班级被分为六个小组。
be separated from
被与…… 分隔开
把原本在一起的事物分离开、隔绝
The boy is separated from his family. 男孩和家人分开了。
【即学即练】
1. Our team ________ ________ ________ (被分成) two small groups yesterday.
2. The teacher divided the cake ________ four pieces. (into / from)
3. The two towns are separated ________ each other by a river. (into / from)
4. The book ________ ________ ________ (divide) into five chapters.(一般现在被动)
【参考答案】1. was divided into 2. into 3. from 4. is divided into
3. In speed climbing, climbers have to compete against the clock.在速度攀岩项目里,攀岩选手要和时间赛跑。
compete v. 比赛;竞争;参赛
competed (过去式 / 过去分词);competition n. 比赛,竞赛;competitor n. 参赛者,竞争者;competitive adj. 竞争的
✨核心固定搭配
1. compete in + 比赛 / 活动 参加(某项比赛)⭐单元重点
✅ Many athletes compete in the Olympic Games.许多运动员参加奥运会。
2. compete for sth为获得某物而竞争
✅ They compete for the gold medal.他们为金牌而竞争。
3. compete with / against sb和某人竞争
✅ He competed against many excellent players.他和许多优秀选手同台竞技。
📖Unit8 课文适配例句
1. He competed in the 100‑metre swimming race.他参加了 100 米游泳比赛。
2. They compete with each other but respect one another.他们互相竞争,但彼此尊重。
单词
词性
释义
compete
v.
比赛,竞争(动词)
competition
n.
竞赛,比赛(事件)
competitor
n.
参赛者,竞争者(人)
【即学即练】
1. Twenty players competed ________ the relay race. (in / for / with)
2. All the players compete ________ the gold medal. (in / for / with)
3. He will compete ________ his old friend tomorrow. (with / for)
4. Three ________ (compete) will take part in this ________ (compete).
【参考答案】1. in 2. for 3. with 4. competitors;competition
1. 必背单词(语法填空高频,词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
词形变形(易错)
praise
v./n.
表扬;赞扬
praised (过去式 / 过去分词);praiseworthy adj. 值得赞扬的
admire
v.
钦佩;仰慕;欣赏
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏;admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
reflect
v.
反映;反射;反思
reflection n. 反映;反思;reflected adj. 反射的
spirit
n.
精神;勇气;灵魂
spirits n. 情绪;心境;in high spirits 情绪高涨
courage
n.
勇气;胆量
courageous adj. 勇敢的;encourage v. 鼓励;encouragement n. 鼓励
value
v./n.
重视;珍视;价值
valuable adj. 有价值的;valueless adj. 无价值的
respect
v./n.
尊重;敬重
respectful adj. 恭敬的;respectable adj. 值得尊敬的
hero
n.
英雄;偶像
heroes (复数,o 结尾,有生命加‑es)
2. 必背短语(听力、单选、写作)
1. give praise to sb 表扬某人
2. in praise of 歌颂;赞扬
3. admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人
4. reflect on 反思;思考
5. the spirit of …… 的精神
6. show courage 展现勇气
7. have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
8. value the effort 珍视这份努力
9. respect sb for sth 因某事尊重某人
10. a real hero 一位真正的英雄
11. learn from 向…… 学习
12. give one’s best 竭尽全力
13. play by the rules 遵守规则
14. in spite of 尽管;虽然
15. win the respect of sb 赢得某人的尊重
3. 核心句型(课文原句,中考写作万能句型)
> 本单元语法重点:定语从句(that /who 引导)
> that 既可指人也可指物;who 只能指人
句型 1:that 引导定语从句(指人 / 物,从句缺少主语或宾语)
✅ He is an athlete that never gives up.他是一名永不放弃的运动员。
句型 2:who 引导定语从句(只指人,从句缺少主语)
✅ I like athletes who show great courage.我喜欢那些展现巨大勇气的运动员。
句型 3:先行词是人,关系代词 that/who 作宾语时可以省略
✅ The hero (that/who) I admire most is Eric.我最钦佩的英雄是埃里克。
句型 4:in spite of + 名词 / 代词 尽管……(后接短语,不接句子)
✅ In spite of great difficulty, he kept on swimming.尽管困难重重,他仍然坚持游泳。
句型 5:admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人
✅ We admire him for his courage.我们因他的勇气而钦佩他。
句型 6:have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
✅ He had the courage to finish the race.他有勇气完成这场比赛。
4. 重点易混辨析(单选、语法填空陷阱)
1. that /who 定语从句关系代词
that:先行词是人或者物均可;who:先行词只能是人,只能作主语;
❌ I like books who are interesting.(错误,物不能用 who)
✅ I like books that are interesting.
2. in spite of / although / though
in spite of + 名词 / 代词 / 短语
although / though + 完整句子
✅ In spite of the pain, he finished.
✅ Although he was in pain, he finished.
3. courage / encourage
courage n. 勇气;encourage v. 鼓励
✅ He has great courage. 他拥有巨大勇气。
✅ The experience encouraged him. 这段经历鼓舞了他。
4. valuable / valueless
valuable adj. 有价值的;valueless adj. 毫无价值的
5. hero 复数变形
hero → heroes(英雄,有生命 o 结尾加‑es);photo→photos(无生命加‑s)
6. 定语从句易错点
关系代词作主语时,从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
✅ He is one of the athletes that come from Africa.(先行词 athletes 复数,come)
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Unit 8 More than a Game
Unit 8 Section A Grammar focus 4a-4d 核心知识梳理
一、必背词汇
学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 11
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 两者都不(连词);也不(副词):neither
2. 也不(连词、副词):nor
3. 独一无二的;罕见的(形容词):unique
4. 攀岩(名词):bouldering
5. 参加比赛;竞争(动词):compete
6. 既不…… 也不……:neither...nor...
7. 尽某人最大努力:do one's best
8. 参加选拔;试用:try out
9. 传统攀岩:traditional rock climbing
10. 被分成:be divided into
11. 与…… 竞争:compete against...
1. 两者都不(连词);也不(副词):___________
2. 也不(连词、副词):___________
3. 独一无二的;罕见的(形容词):___________
4. 攀岩(名词):___________
5. 参加比赛;竞争(动词):___________
6. 既不…… 也不……:___________
7. 尽某人最大努力:___________
8. 参加选拔;试用:___________
9. 传统攀岩:___________
10. 被分成:___________
11. 与…… 竞争:___________
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二、必会考点
1. Everybody is looking forward to the 4×100m relay.大家都期待着 4×100 米接力赛。
2. Either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice.王亚明或者亚当都是合适的人选。
3. Neither is really suitable for me.这两项其实都不适合我。
4. My family also watch/watches team sports together.我们一家人也一起观看团体运动项目。
5. Both are quite fast.两个人 / 这两项都速度很快。
6. The Winter Olympics start next month.冬奥会下个月开幕。
①语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
· He is a famous singer.
· The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.
· Life is full of the unexpected.
· A sad movie makes me cry.
· Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.
②意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both...and连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
· The class is more than fifty students.(class指班级)
· Generally speaking, the disable need more help.
· Someone is knocking at the door.
③就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
· There is an apple and two pears on the table.
· There are two pears and an apple on the table.
2. It comes from traditional rock climbing and is divided into three different types: speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing.它源自传统攀岩,分为三种不同类型:速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。
divide v. 划分;分开;分割
divided (过去式 / 过去分词);division n. 划分;部门
✨核心短语
1. be divided into…被划分成……(被动语态,强调整体被分成若干部分)
✅ The relay race is divided into four parts.接力赛被分成四个阶段。
> 时态变化:
> am/is/are divided into(一般现在时被动)
> was/were divided into(一般过去时被动)
2. divide … into …把…… 分成……(主动语态)
✅ People divide the year into four seasons.人们把一年分成四个季节。
3. divide A from B 把 A 和 B 分开(区分开,分隔两者)
✅ A wall divides the garden from the road.一堵墙把花园和马路隔开。
短语
含义
侧重点
例句
be divided into
被划分成
一个整体拆分成多个部分
The class is divided into six groups. 班级被分为六个小组。
be separated from
被与…… 分隔开
把原本在一起的事物分离开、隔绝
The boy is separated from his family. 男孩和家人分开了。
【即学即练】
1. Our team ________ ________ ________ (被分成) two small groups yesterday.
2. The teacher divided the cake ________ four pieces. (into / from)
3. The two towns are separated ________ each other by a river. (into / from)
4. The book ________ ________ ________ (divide) into five chapters.(一般现在被动)
3. In speed climbing, climbers have to compete against the clock.在速度攀岩项目里,攀岩选手要和时间赛跑。
compete v. 比赛;竞争;参赛
competed (过去式 / 过去分词);competition n. 比赛,竞赛;competitor n. 参赛者,竞争者;competitive adj. 竞争的
✨核心固定搭配
1. compete in + 比赛 / 活动 参加(某项比赛)⭐单元重点
✅ Many athletes compete in the Olympic Games.许多运动员参加奥运会。
2. compete for sth为获得某物而竞争
✅ They compete for the gold medal.他们为金牌而竞争。
3. compete with / against sb和某人竞争
✅ He competed against many excellent players.他和许多优秀选手同台竞技。
📖Unit8 课文适配例句
1. He competed in the 100‑metre swimming race.他参加了 100 米游泳比赛。
2. They compete with each other but respect one another.他们互相竞争,但彼此尊重。
单词
词性
释义
compete
v.
比赛,竞争(动词)
competition
n.
竞赛,比赛(事件)
competitor
n.
参赛者,竞争者(人)
【即学即练】
1. Twenty players competed ________ the relay race. (in / for / with)
2. All the players compete ________ the gold medal. (in / for / with)
3. He will compete ________ his old friend tomorrow. (with / for)
4. Three ________ (compete) will take part in this ________ (compete).
1. 必背单词(语法填空高频,词形变换)
单词
词性
释义
词形变形(易错)
praise
v./n.
表扬;赞扬
praised (过去式 / 过去分词);praiseworthy adj. 值得赞扬的
admire
v.
钦佩;仰慕;欣赏
admiration n. 钦佩;赞赏;admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
reflect
v.
反映;反射;反思
reflection n. 反映;反思;reflected adj. 反射的
spirit
n.
精神;勇气;灵魂
spirits n. 情绪;心境;in high spirits 情绪高涨
courage
n.
勇气;胆量
courageous adj. 勇敢的;encourage v. 鼓励;encouragement n. 鼓励
value
v./n.
重视;珍视;价值
valuable adj. 有价值的;valueless adj. 无价值的
respect
v./n.
尊重;敬重
respectful adj. 恭敬的;respectable adj. 值得尊敬的
hero
n.
英雄;偶像
heroes (复数,o 结尾,有生命加‑es)
2. 必背短语(听力、单选、写作)
1. give praise to sb 表扬某人
2. in praise of 歌颂;赞扬
3. admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人
4. reflect on 反思;思考
5. the spirit of …… 的精神
6. show courage 展现勇气
7. have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
8. value the effort 珍视这份努力
9. respect sb for sth 因某事尊重某人
10. a real hero 一位真正的英雄
11. learn from 向…… 学习
12. give one’s best 竭尽全力
13. play by the rules 遵守规则
14. in spite of 尽管;虽然
15. win the respect of sb 赢得某人的尊重
3. 核心句型(课文原句,中考写作万能句型)
> 本单元语法重点:定语从句(that /who 引导)
> that 既可指人也可指物;who 只能指人
句型 1:that 引导定语从句(指人 / 物,从句缺少主语或宾语)
✅ He is an athlete that never gives up.他是一名永不放弃的运动员。
句型 2:who 引导定语从句(只指人,从句缺少主语)
✅ I like athletes who show great courage.我喜欢那些展现巨大勇气的运动员。
句型 3:先行词是人,关系代词 that/who 作宾语时可以省略
✅ The hero (that/who) I admire most is Eric.我最钦佩的英雄是埃里克。
句型 4:in spite of + 名词 / 代词 尽管……(后接短语,不接句子)
✅ In spite of great difficulty, he kept on swimming.尽管困难重重,他仍然坚持游泳。
句型 5:admire sb for sth 因某事钦佩某人
✅ We admire him for his courage.我们因他的勇气而钦佩他。
句型 6:have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
✅ He had the courage to finish the race.他有勇气完成这场比赛。
4. 重点易混辨析(单选、语法填空陷阱)
1. that /who 定语从句关系代词
that:先行词是人或者物均可;who:先行词只能是人,只能作主语;
❌ I like books who are interesting.(错误,物不能用 who)
✅ I like books that are interesting.
2. in spite of / although / though
in spite of + 名词 / 代词 / 短语
although / though + 完整句子
✅ In spite of the pain, he finished.
✅ Although he was in pain, he finished.
3. courage / encourage
courage n. 勇气;encourage v. 鼓励
✅ He has great courage. 他拥有巨大勇气。
✅ The experience encouraged him. 这段经历鼓舞了他。
4. valuable / valueless
valuable adj. 有价值的;valueless adj. 毫无价值的
5. hero 复数变形
hero → heroes(英雄,有生命 o 结尾加‑es);photo→photos(无生命加‑s)
6. 定语从句易错点
关系代词作主语时,从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致
✅ He is one of the athletes that come from Africa.(先行词 athletes 复数,come)
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