精品解析：广东省深圳市龙岗区多校联考2026-2027学年高三上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

2026-2027学年第一学期 高三年级第一次阶段性考试 英语试卷 注意事项 1．本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。试卷共8页，答题前请核对页数是否完整。 2．答题前，请将自己的班级、姓名、学号、考场号填写在答题卡指定位置。 3．答题时，请将答案填涂在答题卡指定位置，超出答题区域或写在草稿纸上的答案无效。 4．考试期间不得使用计算器、电子词典等与考试无关的物品。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Stanford CARE Explorers: AI × Precision Health High School Program The program is a dynamic two-week in-person summer experience designed for high school students passionate about improving health outcomes in Asian and Asian American communities and beyond. It is open to applicants of all backgrounds. Session Dates ·Session One: July 15-26 ·Session Two: August 6-17 ·Application Deadline: May 23 Curriculum Our lecturers are field-leading experts and researchers in AI, medicine, and precision health who bring a wealth of knowledge and real-world experience to the program. The curriculum includes: ·Critical health topics impacting Asian communities. Previous topics addressed include lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, digestive cancers, and more. ·Using AI to improve understanding of precision health data. ·Basics of statistical data analysis. ·Leadership and teamwork skills. Previous topics addressed include team building activities and group project work. Application and qualification To participate in the program, students must: ·Be a rising high school sophomore, junior, or senior. ·Be 14 years old or older. Fees and Costs ·Application Fee: $49 ·Program Fee: $3,200 (Housing and transportation not included) A limited pool of need-based financial aid is available to help cover the program fee. To be considered, applicants must demonstrate financial need by submitting a brief letter from a high school administrator or community leader. Detailed instructions will be provided on the program application. All applications for financial aid are subject to assessment. Submitting a financial aid request will not impact an applicant’s admission decision. 1. What does the text aim to do? A. To promote teaching. B. To attract participants. C. To support a proposal. D. To address health issues. 2. Which is one competence the program is designed to develop? A. Collaboration abilities. B. Language fluency. C. Healthcare management. D. AI programming skills. 3. What can be learned about the program fee? A. It should be paid before applying. B. It covers accommodation and travel. C. It can be reduced under certain conditions. D. It is returnable in case of early withdrawal. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍斯坦福CARE探索者暑期项目的相关信息，包括时间、课程、申请条件及费用等，以吸引高中生参与。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The program is a dynamic two-week in-person summer experience designed for high school students passionate about improving health outcomes in Asian and Asian American communities and beyond. It is open to applicants of all backgrounds.(该项目是一个为期两周的动态面对面暑期体验，专为热衷于改善亚裔及亚裔美国人社区及其他地区健康状况的高中生设计。它向所有背景的申请人开放)”以及全文对项目时间、课程、申请条件和费用的详细介绍可知，本文的目的是吸引高中生申请参与该项目。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Curriculum部分中的“Leadership and teamwork skills. Previous topics addressed include team building activities and group project work.(领导能力和团队合作能力。之前涉及的主题包括团队建设活动和小组项目工作)”可知，该项目旨在培养学生的团队合作能力。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Fees and Costs部分中的“A limited pool of need-based financial aid is available to help cover the program fee.(有少量基于需求的经济援助可用于支付项目费用)”可知，在特定条件下（证明有经济需求），项目费用可以得到减免。故选C项。 B “You’re holding the guitar wrong.” That was the first thing Fabián Carrera said in my first classical guitar lesson. I had not yet played a note. He lifted the neck of his guitar and straightened my wrist. The adjustments looked slight, but suddenly the instrument rested against me instead of fighting me. Carrera began with “Happy Birthday.” I could copy the tune, so I relaxed. Then he played it again, letting his thumb carry one line while the fingers added another. Next came single notes, then chords that seemed to hide the melody (旋律) inside them. Within minutes the song I thought I knew had become a room with several doors, and I was lost at the entrance. I had come partly because I was tired of quick answers. As an English teacher, I had found the ease of AI had devalued not only language but also the difficult work, perseverance, and focus needed to make meaning out of words. My students could produce answers faster than ever, yet I wondered whether they still knew what it felt like to stay with something difficult. The guitar, with its hollow wooden body and unforgiving strings, offered no shortcut. When I later asked to learn “Asturias,” a Spanish piece I loved, Carrera laughed. Learning music, he said, was like preparing Thanksgiving dinner. Some dishes could be finished early and kept warm; others needed hours in the oven. “‘Asturias’ is the turkey,” he said. “We can begin now, but we won’t eat it today.” So I practiced. Carrera asked me to keep a log (日志), not because minutes mattered, but because attention needed evidence. Slowly, a clean note led to a phrase; a phrase began to carry feeling. “You’re building a castle,” Carrera told me. “Every hour you practice is another brick.” Back in my classroom, I stopped praising speed so easily. I asked students to reread, to cross out, to begin again. The guitar had taught me that learning is not the quick arrival at an answer. It is the slow shaping of a person who can hear more than before. 4. Why did the familiar tune leave the author “lost at the entrance”? A. The tune was played too fast. B. His new position bothered him. C. The song revealed unexpected depth. D. Several songs were mixed together. 5. What led the author to guitar lessons? A. A shift into guitar teaching. B. The pull of effortful learning. C. A break from classroom work. D. The appeal of AI-made music. 6. Which description best fits “Asturias” in Carrera’s eyes? A. Discouraging but melodious. B. Simple and familiar. C. Time-consuming but worthwhile. D. Festive and straightforward. 7. How did the guitar lessons change the author’s classroom? A. He had students keep logs. B. He replaced reading with music. C. He treated answers as the goal. D. He valued learning process more. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. C 7. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了身为英语教师的作者厌倦了AI时代追求快速答案的风气，通过学习古典吉他领悟到深耕慢学的价值，并将这份感悟融入课堂，引导学生重视学习过程的沉淀。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Within minutes the song I thought I knew had become a room with several doors, and I was lost at the entrance.(短短几分钟，这首我自以为熟悉的歌，变成了一间有多扇门的房间，我站在门口茫然无措。)”可知，这首简单的曲子展现出意想不到的深度让作者在入口处茫然无措。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I had come partly because I was tired of quick answers… The guitar, with its hollow wooden body and unforgiving strings, offered no shortcut.(我来学吉他，一部分原因是厌倦了唾手可得的答案……吉他有着空心木质琴身，琴弦容不得半点敷衍，它没有捷径可走。)”可知，需要付出努力的学习方式促使作者去上吉他课。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Learning music, he said, was like preparing Thanksgiving dinner. Some dishes could be finished early and kept warm; others needed hours in the oven. “‘Asturias’ is the turkey,” he said. “We can begin now, but we won’t eat it today.”(他说，学习音乐就像准备感恩节晚餐。有些菜可以提前做好保温，另一些则要在烤箱里烘烤数小时。“Asturias就是那只火鸡，” 他说道，“我们现在可以开始学，但今天没法尝到成品。”)”可知，在 Carrera 眼中，耗时但值得投入最适合描述《Asturias》。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Back in my classroom, I stopped praising speed so easily. I asked students to reread, to cross out, to begin again. The guitar had taught me that learning is not the quick arrival at an answer. It is the slow shaping of a person who can hear more than before.(回到教室后，我不再轻易夸奖做题速度。我要求学生重读文本、划去内容、重新动笔。吉他课教会了我：学习并非快速得到答案，而是慢慢塑造一个人，让他拥有比从前更强的感知力。)”可知，吉他课让作者不再追捧快速得出答案，更加重视学习过程。 C We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves. But why do we change from naturally curious children into selective information avoiders? A 2025 study titled “Becoming an Ostrich” explored this. Researchers had children aged 5 to 10 play a game where researchers designed two candy distribution schemes (方案): equal shares for each, or one large share and one small share. Most children chose the latter and claimed the large share. Then, researchers asked whether they would like to know how many candies were left for their partner. The result was interesting. Younger children showed strong curiosity, actively seeking their partner’s information. The older children, however, increasingly chose to avoid it. Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty. They note that adults routinely employ the same approach in various real-life situations. Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.” It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years. 8. How does the author introduce “information avoidance” in Paragraph 1? A. By using a metaphor. B. By offering statistics. C. By showing an argument. D. By giving an example. 9. Why did the older children avoid their partner’s information? A. To maintain a nice self-image. B. To safeguard others’ interests. C. To sustain their sense of guilt. D. To obey the rules of the game. 10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The consequences of avoidance actions. B. The ways of forming thinking patterns. C. The reasons of ignoring opposing views. D. The health costs of our avoidance habits. 11. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Does avoidance bring true happiness? B. Should we bury our heads like an ostrich? C. Can we shape our childhood curiosity? D. Is avoidance a path to greater curiosity? 【答案】8. A 9. A 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过鸵鸟的比喻引出“信息回避”这一概念，通过一项研究探讨了人们为何从好奇的孩子变成选择性回避信息的人，并分析了信息回避的原因、后果，最后呼吁人们重新找回早年勇敢的好奇心。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves.(我们都听说过，当危险来临时，鸵鸟会把头埋在沙子里。虽然这对鸵鸟来说是不真实的，但它反映了一种常见的人类行为，称为“信息回避”——即主动选择避开那些与我们自身高度相关且唾手可得的信息)”可推知，作者通过将人类主动选择回避信息的行为与鸵鸟遇到危险时把头埋进沙子的行为进行类比，从而引出“信息回避”这一概念。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty.(研究人员解释称，随着孩子年龄增长，他们更倾向于追求心理舒适——即使其行为可能不符合道德标准。通过回避伙伴的信息，他们试图维持(或至少表现出)公平感。这种策略能让人更容易地在满足个人利益的同时，避免产生愧疚感)”可知，年龄较大的孩子回避伙伴的信息是为了维持一种(至少是表面的)公平感和良好的自我感觉，以避免内疚。故选A项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.”(然而，回避是有长期代价的。跳过健康检查现在可能可以缓解焦虑，但以后可能会面临严重的健康问题。回避艰难的对话可能可以避免短期的冲突，但可能会使人们陷入不满意的关系中。研究人员警告说：“通过反复回避相反的观点，我们会养成回避的习惯，随着时间的推移，这些习惯会变成僵化的思维模式。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了信息回避带来的各种后果。故选A项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years.(难怪研究人员称这是一个基本的人类矛盾：我们一开始是好奇的探索者，尽可能急切地吸收任何我们能吸收的知识。然而，在人生的某个阶段，我们学会了像鸵鸟一样把头埋进沙子里。然而，这种舒适的逃避可以塑造我们的选择，决定我们生活的展开方式。认识到这一点是重新找回定义我们早年勇敢好奇心的第一步)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨了人们为何会像鸵鸟一样回避信息，以及这种行为带来的后果，最后呼吁人们不要像鸵鸟一样回避信息，要勇敢面对。B项“Should we bury our heads like an ostrich?(我们应该像鸵鸟一样埋头吗?)”以问句形式，既呼应了开头的比喻，又点明了文章探讨的核心问题，作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。 D Some of the biggest challenges in artificial intelligence are being worked on not by computer scientists but by philosophers. The philosophers are tasked with making the next generation of models more capable and reliable, but they also shed light on the mystery of consciousness. Jonathan Birch at the London School of Economics and Political Science says AI companies are the big employers of philosophy PhDs right now. “Topics that have been researched in philosophy departments for decades — how to make rational decisions, what counts as reasoning, what counts as evidence of consciousness — are suddenly of massive value to AI companies,” says Birch. One of the key tasks for this crop of philosophers is alignment, the AI industry term for efforts to stop harmful content — such as revealing instructions on how to make bombs. Efforts to stop AI models giving dangerous outputs were initially focused around putting in simple black-and-white guardrails (护栏), such as forbidding a model from talking about bombs entirely. But these proved clumsy and easy to circumvent. Now, companies are pursuing more advanced methods which lean heavily on philosophical understanding of right and wrong. However, it’s rarely straightforward. Researchers have found that if you tell a model to break a rule in one specific situation, it will start breaking lots of other rules, says Shane Glackin at the University of Exeter in the UK. And understanding why is exactly the sort of problem that philosophy’s logical analysis can crack. Mahrad Almotahari at the University of Edinburgh sees value in philosophy expertise for technology firms, but is sceptical that the toughest questions of machine consciousness will be answered by them. Others see a potential problem on the horizon, with industry hiring philosophers eventually leading to biased research that serves the interests of technology companies. “I wish we had made more progress on the big questions of philosophy before the arrival of AI. If we had, we would have been better prepared. AI has now given these questions massive urgency, and yet, the answers still seem far away,” says Birch. 12. What phenomenon is presented in the first two paragraphs? A. Computer scientists are losing their jobs. B. Philosophers outperform computer scientists. C. Philosophy PhDs are favored in the job market. D. AI companies are turning to philosophy for help. 13. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Take over. B. Get around. C. Pick up. D. Push forward. 14. How do the training methods of large language models shift? A. From theory analysis to practical use. B. From technical fixes to logical analysis. C. From rigid rules to moral reasoning. D. From simple tasks to complex situations. 15. What question does the text center on? A. Will philosophers win in the battle for better AI? B. Can the problems in AI be solved by philosophy? C. How can philosophers transform the AI industry? D. Why do AI companies prefer philosophers to coders? 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍人工智能领域的部分难题正由哲学家参与解决，介绍哲学家在AI对齐任务中的作用，同时也提及学界对于哲学能否解决AI相关难题的不同看法。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the biggest challenges in artificial intelligence are being worked on not by computer scientists but by philosophers.(人工智能领域一些最大的挑战不是由计算机科学家解决，而是由哲学家来攻克)”以及第二段“Jonathan Birch at the London School of Economics and Political Science says AI companies are the big employers of philosophy PhDs right now.(伦敦政治经济学院的乔纳森·伯奇表示，人工智能公司现在是哲学博士的主要雇主)”可知，文章前两段呈现的现象是人工智能公司正寻求哲学领域的帮助。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Efforts to stop AI models giving dangerous outputs were initially focused around putting in simple black-and-white guardrails (护栏), such as forbidding a model from talking about bombs entirely. But these proved clumsy and easy to circumvent.(阻止AI模型输出危险内容的做法最初侧重于设置简单非黑即白的护栏，例如完全禁止模型谈论炸弹。但事实证明这些方法笨拙，很容易circumvent)”，可知划线词上文提到了阻止AI模型输出危险内容的做法最初侧重于设置简单非黑即白的护栏，还提到了事实证明这些方法笨拙，可推理出这些方法很容易被绕过，所以划线词的含义为“绕过，避开”。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Now, companies are pursuing more advanced methods which lean heavily on philosophical understanding of right and wrong.(如今，企业正寻求更先进的方法，而这些方法在很大程度上依赖于对是非的哲学理解)”可知，企业正寻求更先进的方法，而这些方法在很大程度上依赖于对是非的哲学理解，可推理出大语言模型的训练方式从死板硬性规则转向依托道德是非推理。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Some of the biggest challenges in artificial intelligence are being worked on not by computer scientists but by philosophers.(人工智能领域一些最大的挑战不是由计算机科学家解决，而是由哲学家来攻克)”、第五段“Mahrad Almotahari at the University of Edinburgh sees value in philosophy expertise for technology firms, but is sceptical that the toughest questions of machine consciousness will be answered by them.(爱丁堡大学的马赫拉德·阿尔莫塔哈里认为，哲学专长对科技公司有着重要的价值，但他也怀疑这部分专家能否解答关于机器意识的最棘手的难题)”以及最后一段““I wish we had made more progress on the big questions of philosophy before the arrival of AI. If we had, we would have been better prepared. AI has now given these questions massive urgency, and yet, the answers still seem far away,” says Birch.(伯奇说：“我真希望在人工智能问世之前，我们在哲学重大问题上就已经取得更多进展。倘若那时做到了，我们本可以准备得更充分。如今人工智能让这些问题变得万分紧迫，可答案似乎依旧遥遥无期。”)”可知，人工智能领域一些最大的挑战是由哲学家来攻克的，专家希望在人工智能问世之前，在哲学重大问题上就已经取得更多进展，目前人工智能让哲学上的重大问题的解决问题变得万分紧迫，可答案似乎依旧遥遥无期，可知全文围绕哲学能不能解决人工智能中的各类问题展开。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When I sat in the sun one afternoon, it was noisy outside. The industrious buzz of bees in cherry flowers was annoying, accompanied by “back off” warning chirps from blackbirds nesting in the tree. ____16____ A mini-digger was tearing apart the neighboring garden, sending out a deep, continuous roar. They started with the hedge (树篱) — I thought that was all they were going to do, because it happened around here a lot. ____17____ The first was proudly pointed out to me by the owner; the second I only saw in the aftermath. But this time they had bigger plans. When the hedge was out, they kept clearing away bushes, plants and trees. ____18____ Aren’t we supposed to be a nation of garden lovers? It doesn’t feel like it. ____19____ Paved (铺砌的) driveways have covered what were plots of wild vegetation. And it’s happening almost everywhere. People have their reasons and it’s none of my bleeding-heart business, but I just can’t stop feeling worried. I know people are busy and gardening may feel burdensome. But for anyone who has a corner of outside space, if they can’t do something, at least they can do nothing. Nothing might be the best thing of all, actually, as long as they don’t destroy it. ____20____ Wild grass and flowers feed insects and birds; insects lay eggs in plants; birds line nests in trees... Over time, the negative space where people don’t garden can be precisely where the ordinary magic of life happens. A. Gardens can evolve in their own way. B. There was another noise too, though. C. Gardens are almost as diverse as a rainforest. D. I couldn’t remember exactly the similar happenings. E. It was the third case I had spotted in a matter of weeks. F. By evening, what had once been a garden was no more. G. Every year, a handful of front gardens get concreted over here. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. A 【解析】 【导语】作者目睹周边花园被破坏改造，感慨园艺空间不断缩减，倡导保留原生园地，守护自然生态生机。 【16题详解】 根据前文“The industrious buzz of bees in cherry flowers was annoying, accompanied by “back off” warning chirps from blackbirds nesting in the tree.(樱花丛中蜜蜂嗡嗡作响惹人烦躁，树上筑巢的乌鸫也发出示警的鸣叫声)”以及空后“A mini-digger was tearing apart the neighboring garden, sending out a deep, continuous roar.(一台小型挖掘机正在破坏隔壁的花园，发出低沉持续的轰鸣声)”可知，前文介绍了自然界的声响，后文出现机械噪音，B选项“There was another noise too, though.(不过还存在另外一种声响)”衔接两类不同声音，引出下文机械作业的噪音，符合语境。 【17题详解】 根据前文“They started with the hedge (树篱) — I thought that was all they were going to do, because it happened around here a lot.(施工从铲除树篱开始，我本以为只会到此为止，这类情况在此处时常发生)”以及后文“The first was proudly pointed out to me by the owner; the second I only saw in the aftermath.(房主曾得意地向我介绍第一处改造场地，第二处我只见到改造后的模样)”可知，后文提及两处改造场地，E选项“It was the third case I had spotted in a matter of weeks.(这是短短几周内我目睹的第三起改造事件)”承接前文频发的改造现象，与后文两处案例形成呼应，符合语境。 【18题详解】 根据前文“When the hedge was out, they kept clearing away bushes, plants and trees.(树篱被铲除后，工人还陆续清理掉各类灌木、花草与树木)”可知，此处描写花园植被被不断清理的过程，F选项“By evening, what had once been a garden was no more.(到傍晚时分，昔日的花园已然不复存在)”总结植被清理后的最终景象，贴合行文逻辑，符合语境。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Paved (铺砌的) driveways have covered what were plots of wild vegetation.(铺设的车道覆盖了原本长满野生植物的地块)”可知，后文讲述花园被硬化改造的现状，G选项“Every year, a handful of front gardens get concreted over here.(每年这里只有少数几处前院花园被浇上混凝土)”总述当地花园被改造的普遍现状，引出后文具体景象，符合语境。 【20题详解】 根据后文“Wild grass and flowers feed insects and birds; insects lay eggs in plants; birds line nests in trees... Over time, the negative space where people don’t garden can be precisely where the ordinary magic of life happens.(野草野花滋养虫鸟，昆虫在草木间产卵，鸟类在树上给巢铺衬，无人打理的园地反而孕育自然生机)”可知，文段强调园地顺其自然生长的价值，A选项“Gardens can evolve in their own way.(花园能够依照自身规律自然发展)”契合本段主旨，引出下文自然生态繁衍的内容，符合语境。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I’ve grown used to the pause. When someone hears my name — Goodluck — they often look at me with confusion. It’s something I didn’t think would require much ____21____. Back in Nigeria, it didn’t. Names like Precious or Beauty were ____22____. Mine was just another name. I didn’t ____23____ how different my name was until I traveled to the U.S. for my education at 19. That was the first time “Goodluck” stopped blending in. I thought it would be ____24____ to remember, but instead of recognition, it met ____25____. I had to spell it and explain that I was not ____26____. I couldn’t understand why something ____27____ back home needed so much clarification. However, I also felt a quiet sense of gratitude. I never had to change my name to ____28____. I’ve met people who dropped their given names to avoid the 15-minute pronunciation ____29____. I understood them, but I was proud I didn’t have to _____30_____ my name. In Nigerian culture, names are messages. Some _____31_____ birth circumstances, while others are _____32_____ for the child’s future. Mine remains a _____33_____. I don’t know why my parents chose it. I believe it’s something I’m meant to _____34_____ and discover for myself gradually. What started as just a name is now what I lead with. It’s also one of the few things I’ve carried _____35_____. In a new country, my name has become a thread connecting me to home. 21. A. treatment B. explanation C. argument D. complaint 22. A. common B. distinct C. elegant D. magical 23. A. value B. ask C. realize D. miss 24. A. fun B. vital C. useful D. easy 25. A. indifference B. prejudice C. disbelief D. opposition 26. A. cheating B. joking C. pretending D. guessing 27. A. specific B. complex C. normal D. traditional 28. A. calm down B. fit in C. take off D. stand out 29. A. mission B. game C. test D. lesson 30. A. compromise B. standardize C. modernise D. customize 31. A. predict B. judge C. reflect D. shape 32. A. rewards B. prayers C. seeds D. decisions 33. A. mystery B. problem C. treasure D. reality 34. A. grow into B. bring up C. turn on D. pay for 35. A. untranslated B. unheard C. unanswered D. unchanged 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者以名字Goodluck为线索，讲述在尼日利亚名字普通，但在美国却需反复解释，从而感悟名字承载文化、连接家乡，无需为融入而改变。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是一件我原以为不需要太多解释的事情。A. treatment对待；B. explanation解释；C. argument争论；D. complaint抱怨。根据第二段“I couldn’t understand why something ____ back home needed so much clarification.”可知，作者原本觉得名字不需要太多解释。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在尼日利亚，像Precious或Beauty这样的名字很常见。A. common常见的；B. distinct独特的；C. elegant优雅的；D. magical神奇的。根据上文“It’s something I didn’t think would require much ____. Back in Nigeria, it didn’t.”可知，这些名字在当地很普遍。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到19岁去美国留学，我才意识到我的名字有多么不同。A. value重视；B. ask询问；C. realize意识到；D. miss错过。根据下文“how different my name was until I traveled to the U.S. for my education at 19. That was the first time “Goodluck” stopped blending in.”可知，作者到美国后意识到名字的不同。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我原以为它会很容易记住，但它遇到的不是认可，而是怀疑。A. fun有趣的；B. vital至关重要的；C. useful有用的；D. easy容易的。根据下文“I had to spell it and explain that I was not ____.”可知，作者原本以为名字简单好记但实际却需要拼写并解释。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. indifference冷漠；B. prejudice偏见；C. disbelief怀疑；D. opposition反对。根据下文“I had to spell it and explain that I was not ____.”可知，作者拼写并解释自己的名字，所以此处表示人们不相信Goodluck是人的名字。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：我不得不拼写出来，并解释我不是在开玩笑。A. cheating欺骗；B. joking开玩笑；C. pretending假装；D. guessing猜测。根据上文“I had to spell it and explain”以及语境可知，人们以为作者在开玩笑，所以作者需要解释。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我不明白为什么在国内很正常的事情需要这么多澄清。A. specific具体的；B. complex复杂的；C. normal正常的；D. traditional传统的。根据第一段“Back in Nigeria, it didn’t. Names like Precious or Beauty were ____. Mine was just another name.”可知，名字在尼日利亚是正常的。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我从未为了融入而改变名字。A. calm down冷静；B. fit in融入；C. take off起飞；D. stand out突出。根据下文“I’ve met people who dropped their given names to avoid the 15-minute pronunciation ____. I understood them, but I was proud I didn’t have to ____ my name.”可知，此处表示作者没有改变名字去适应新环境。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：我遇到过一些人为了避开每次花费15分钟向他人解释名字发音的麻烦（就像是课程一样耗时）而放弃自己的名字。A. mission任务；B. game游戏；C. test测试；D. lesson课程。根据第二段“I had to spell it and explain that I was not ____.”以及空前“the 15-minute pronunciation”可知，此处指每次需要解释名字发音的过程像课程一样耗时，lesson为戏谑用法，指代解释名字发音的冗长耗时的过程。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：我理解他们，但我很自豪我不必妥协我的名字。A. compromise妥协；B. standardize标准化；C. modernise现代化；D. customize定制。根据空前“but I was proud I didn’t have to”可知，此处表示转折，作者不必为了融入而妥协名字。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：有些反映了出生时的环境，而另一些则是为孩子未来所做的祈祷。A. predict预测；B. judge判断；C. reflect反映；D. shape塑造。根据上文“In Nigerian culture, names are messages.”可知，名字就是信息，所以此处表示名字反映出生环境。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. rewards奖励；B. prayers祈祷；C. seeds种子；D. decisions决定。根据下文“for the child’s future”可知，此处表示名字承载着对未来的祈愿。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：我的名字仍然是一个谜。A. mystery谜；B. problem问题；C. treasure财富；D. reality现实。根据下文“I don’t know why my parents chose it.”可知，名字对作者来说是个谜。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我相信这是我注定要逐渐成长并自己去发现的东西。A. grow into成长为；B. bring up提出；C. turn on打开；D. pay for支付。根据下文“discover for myself gradually”可知，名字的意义需要作者去成长和发现。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这也是我未曾改变而保留下来的少数东西之一。A. untranslated未翻译的；B. unheard未听到的；C. unanswered未回答的；D. unchanged未改变的。根据第三段“I understood them, but I was proud I didn’t have to ____ my name.”以及下文“In a new country, my name has become a thread connecting me to home.”可知，名字始终未变，连接着家乡。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Painter Feng Zikai (1898-1975) recalled his childhood enlightenment as he learned about painting in his article ____36____ (pen) in 1934. When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three-Character Classic, he found himself, instead of ____37____ (catch) by the text, seized by the illustrations. These images were so impressive that he began coloring them using paints from his family’s dyehouse (染坊). “The children new to school enjoy coloring images in textbooks,” says Li Hongbo, ____38____ art professor at Jilin Normal University. “They may have limited understanding of colors, ____39____ they often take pride in their ‘creations’ and find endless pleasure from such activities. These phenomena can serve ____40____ a gateway for children to learn about painting and reveal that textbooks from other subjects can contribute to fundamental fine arts education,” says Li. Feng’s story is being presented ____41____ (visible) in the ongoing Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition, ____42____ highlight is to show the development of the country’s fundamental fine arts education since 1904. This exhibition ____43____ (display) the rich value of fine arts education in enhancing the ability to appreciate beauty, cultivate the soul and stimulate innovation. It also makes possible the ____44____ (integrate) of the rich resources into the field of education, giving full play to ____45____ (they) roles of preserving history and educating people. 【答案】36. penned 37. being caught 38. an 39. but##yet 40. as 41. visibly 42. whose 43. displays 44. integration 45. their 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了画家丰子恺1934年文章中回忆的童年绘画启蒙经历，以及吉林师范大学李洪波教授对此现象的教育学解读，并提及“镜鉴未来”展览展示中国基础美术教育自1904年以来的发展历程。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：画家丰子恺（1898-1975）在1934年撰写的文章中回忆了他学习绘画时的童年启蒙。his article与pen之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词penned作后置定语，意为“被撰写的”。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他学习中国诗歌和《三字经》时，他发现自己不是被文字吸引，而是被插图所吸引。instead of为介词短语，后接动名词；he与catch之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用动名词的被动形式being caught。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：吉林师范大学艺术教授李洪波说：“刚入学的孩子喜欢在课本上给图像上色。”此处表示泛指“一位艺术教授”，art以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：他们可能对色彩的理解有限，但他们常常为自己的“创作”感到自豪，并从这类活动中找到无穷乐趣。根据语境可知，前后句为转折关系，应用but/yet连接。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：这些现象可以作为儿童学习绘画的入门途径，并揭示其他学科的教科书也能为基础美术教育做出贡献。serve as为固定搭配，意为“充当，作为”。 【41题详解】 考查副词。句意：丰子恺的故事正在“镜鉴未来：中国基础美术教育文献展”中以可见的方式呈现，该展览的重点是展示中国自1904年以来基础美术教育的发展历程。空格处修饰动词presented，应用副词形式；visible的副词为visibly，意为“可见地，明显地”。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：丰子恺的故事正在“镜鉴未来：中国基础美术教育文献展”中以可见的方式呈现，该展览的重点是展示中国自1904年以来基础美术教育的发展历程。，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the ongoing Mirror to the Future...Exhibition，指物，在从句中作定语修饰highlight，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：此次展览展示了美术教育在提升审美能力、陶冶情操和激发创新方面的丰富价值。此处描述展览的内容和功能，应用一般现在时；主语This exhibition为第三人称单数，应用displays。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：它还使将丰富资源整合到教育领域成为可能，充分发挥它们保存历史和教育民众的作用。定冠词the后接名词，integrate的名词形式为integration，意为“整合，融合”。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：它还使将丰富资源整合到教育领域成为可能，充分发挥它们保存历史和教育民众的作用。名词roles前需用形容词性物主代词修饰，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外教Mr. Smith与你所在英语社团联合筹办“绿色地球”主题活动。Mr. Smith为活动设计的海报初稿已经完成，想听听同学们的想法。请你结合海报内容，给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你对海报现有设计的评价； 2．你建议补充的内容及理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve taken a closer look at your poster draft and would like to share a few thoughts. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve taken a closer look at your poster draft and would like to share a few thoughts. I really like the design — the crying Earth with smoking chimneys creates strong visual impact. What impresses me most is the slogan “There is no Planet B”, which cleverly warns us that our planet is irreplaceable. However, I feel it would be better if we added some positive content. For instance, we could include a “What can we do?” section with practical tips. This would show viewers that change is possible and encourage them to take action. A poster that offers hope is more powerful than one that only shows fear. I hope my suggestions are helpful. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文之建议信。要求考生以李华的身份给外教Mr. Smith写一封邮件，就“绿色地球”主题活动海报初稿分享看法，评价现有设计并提出补充建议及理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 强烈的：strong→powerful 给……留下深刻印象：impress→strike/affect 口号：slogan→motto/catchphrase 巧妙地：cleverly→skillfully/ingeniously 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’ve taken a closer look at your poster draft and would like to share a few thoughts. 拓展句：I’ve taken a closer look at your poster draft and would like to share what I think about it. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What impresses me most is the slogan “There is no Planet B”, which cleverly warns us that our planet is irreplaceable. (运用了what引导的主语从句作主语，以及which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】This would show viewers that change is possible and encourage them to take action. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Aliya grew up in Nuwara Eliya of Sri Lanka, a small town nestled between gentle hills and a slow-moving river. It was peaceful, her mother often said. It was safe, her father would add, patting her shoulder with his calloused hand. But Aliya thought: Is this all there is? She was certain that her future — her real life — lay somewhere else on a global stage. At twenty-two, Aliya won a scholarship to a university in New York. Her parents, proud and heartbroken, saw her off at the airport. “Come back,” they said. She smiled and waved, already gone in her mind. New York was everything she had imagined. She walked along the Hudson at sunset, visited museums she had only seen in books, and sat in lecture halls where professors discussed ideas in a way she had never encountered. She told herself this was living. She threw herself into her studies, networked at every event, and applied for every internship. She learned to laugh at jokes she didn’t understand, to dress the part, and to mold herself into someone who belonged. Sometimes she called home, hasty and casual. She was relentless in this city, always reaching for the next hold. At twenty-five, she landed a job at a prestigious firm. At twenty-seven, she had an apartment with a view of Manhattan’s skyline, a circle of cosmopolitan friends, and a calendar filled with gallery openings and rooftop parties. “You’re living the dream,” her friends back in Nuwara Eliya would say during video calls, their voices tinged with envy. Right after her thirtieth birthday, she was laid off. Emails for a new job went unanswered. The apartment became cold and hollow. She suddenly realized that all her relationships were brief and transactional connections that soon faded. She had trained herself to be a New Yorker, and now, when she needed a place to truly belong, she found herself in a city caring little about her existence. She woke up each morning feeling at a loss, her future dimming. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After another upsetting wake-up, Aliya dialed the number back home. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Aliya took a job in the town library. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 After another upsetting wake-up, Aliya dialed the number back home. “Are you OK, my sweetheart?” Her mother’s voice came through, warm and concerned. As she fumbled for a decent excuse, she could clearly hear her father scurrying toward the phone, obviously surprised at the rare call. Before she could pour out her grievances, her parents continued softly, “Whatever happens, dear, we are here.” Aliya gripped the phone, tears rolling down like unleashed floodwaters. The conversation ended sooner than she had wished, yet Aliya felt something loosen in her chest. She quickly erased her trail in New York and flew back as determinedly as she had once left. Aliya took a job in the town library. It was a plain building against the gentle hills, its windows facing the slow-moving river, peaceful and safe. Children came after school and embraced her before leaving. She walked home each evening, greeted by the peddlers and sometimes even friends along the way. In the warmth of her family home, she sat with her parents, hearing stories she had been too impatient to listen to before. Aliya finally felt a sense of contentment. She had spent the best of her twenties chasing the glamour of a distant shore, only to find she had possessed it here from the very beginning. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Aliya从小生活在斯里兰卡宁静的小镇，一心向往外面广阔的世界。二十二岁时她拿到奖学金远赴纽约求学，努力融入当地，收获光鲜的工作与生活。三十岁失业之后，过往的繁华全部消散，她陷入迷茫失落，重新思考归属感的真正含义。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，第一段可描写Aliya拨通家里电话，父母温暖的话语抚慰了她受伤的内心，她下定决心告别纽约，回到故乡。 ②由第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描写Aliya回到家乡之后的日常工作与生活，在熟悉的山水与家人陪伴下，她找到了内心真正的满足，领悟归属感一直就在故乡。 2. 续写线索： 拨通家里电话 ——父母温情安慰 —— 下定决心返乡 —— 图书馆工作 —— 感受家乡烟火 —— 获得内心满足 3.词汇激活 行为类 ① 抓住：grip/seize ② 结束：end/conclude 情绪类 ① 惊讶的：surprised/astonished ② 满足：contentment/satisfaction 【点睛】【高分句型1】It was a plain building against the gentle hills, its windows facing the slow-moving river, peaceful and safe.(运用了独立主格结构作状语) 【高分句型2】She had spent the best of her twenties chasing the glamour of a distant shore, only to find she had possessed it here from the very beginning.(运用了动词不定式短语作结果状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年第一学期 高三年级第一次阶段性考试 英语试卷 注意事项 1．本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。试卷共8页，答题前请核对页数是否完整。 2．答题前，请将自己的班级、姓名、学号、考场号填写在答题卡指定位置。 3．答题时，请将答案填涂在答题卡指定位置，超出答题区域或写在草稿纸上的答案无效。 4．考试期间不得使用计算器、电子词典等与考试无关的物品。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Stanford CARE Explorers: AI × Precision Health High School Program The program is a dynamic two-week in-person summer experience designed for high school students passionate about improving health outcomes in Asian and Asian American communities and beyond. It is open to applicants of all backgrounds. Session Dates ·Session One: July 15-26 ·Session Two: August 6-17 ·Application Deadline: May 23 Curriculum Our lecturers are field-leading experts and researchers in AI, medicine, and precision health who bring a wealth of knowledge and real-world experience to the program. The curriculum includes: ·Critical health topics impacting Asian communities. Previous topics addressed include lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, digestive cancers, and more. ·Using AI to improve understanding of precision health data. ·Basics of statistical data analysis. ·Leadership and teamwork skills. Previous topics addressed include team building activities and group project work. Application and qualification To participate in the program, students must: ·Be a rising high school sophomore, junior, or senior. ·Be 14 years old or older. Fees and Costs ·Application Fee: $49 ·Program Fee: $3,200 (Housing and transportation not included) A limited pool of need-based financial aid is available to help cover the program fee. To be considered, applicants must demonstrate financial need by submitting a brief letter from a high school administrator or community leader. Detailed instructions will be provided on the program application. All applications for financial aid are subject to assessment. Submitting a financial aid request will not impact an applicant’s admission decision. 1. What does the text aim to do? A. To promote teaching. B. To attract participants. C. To support a proposal. D. To address health issues. 2. Which is one competence the program is designed to develop? A. Collaboration abilities. B. Language fluency. C. Healthcare management. D. AI programming skills. 3. What can be learned about the program fee? A. It should be paid before applying. B. It covers accommodation and travel. C. It can be reduced under certain conditions. D. It is returnable in case of early withdrawal. B “You’re holding the guitar wrong.” That was the first thing Fabián Carrera said in my first classical guitar lesson. I had not yet played a note. He lifted the neck of his guitar and straightened my wrist. The adjustments looked slight, but suddenly the instrument rested against me instead of fighting me. Carrera began with “Happy Birthday.” I could copy the tune, so I relaxed. Then he played it again, letting his thumb carry one line while the fingers added another. Next came single notes, then chords that seemed to hide the melody (旋律) inside them. Within minutes the song I thought I knew had become a room with several doors, and I was lost at the entrance. I had come partly because I was tired of quick answers. As an English teacher, I had found the ease of AI had devalued not only language but also the difficult work, perseverance, and focus needed to make meaning out of words. My students could produce answers faster than ever, yet I wondered whether they still knew what it felt like to stay with something difficult. The guitar, with its hollow wooden body and unforgiving strings, offered no shortcut. When I later asked to learn “Asturias,” a Spanish piece I loved, Carrera laughed. Learning music, he said, was like preparing Thanksgiving dinner. Some dishes could be finished early and kept warm; others needed hours in the oven. “‘Asturias’ is the turkey,” he said. “We can begin now, but we won’t eat it today.” So I practiced. Carrera asked me to keep a log (日志), not because minutes mattered, but because attention needed evidence. Slowly, a clean note led to a phrase; a phrase began to carry feeling. “You’re building a castle,” Carrera told me. “Every hour you practice is another brick.” Back in my classroom, I stopped praising speed so easily. I asked students to reread, to cross out, to begin again. The guitar had taught me that learning is not the quick arrival at an answer. It is the slow shaping of a person who can hear more than before. 4. Why did the familiar tune leave the author “lost at the entrance”? A. The tune was played too fast. B. His new position bothered him. C. The song revealed unexpected depth. D. Several songs were mixed together. 5. What led the author to guitar lessons? A. A shift into guitar teaching. B. The pull of effortful learning. C. A break from classroom work. D. The appeal of AI-made music. 6. Which description best fits “Asturias” in Carrera’s eyes? A. Discouraging but melodious. B. Simple and familiar. C. Time-consuming but worthwhile. D. Festive and straightforward. 7. How did the guitar lessons change the author’s classroom? A. He had students keep logs. B. He replaced reading with music. C. He treated answers as the goal. D. He valued learning process more. C We’ve all heard that ostriches (鸵鸟) bury their heads in the sand when danger approaches. While untrue for the ostriches, it mirrors a common human behavior called “information avoidance” — the active choice to turn away from the freely available information highly relevant to ourselves. But why do we change from naturally curious children into selective information avoiders? A 2025 study titled “Becoming an Ostrich” explored this. Researchers had children aged 5 to 10 play a game where researchers designed two candy distribution schemes (方案): equal shares for each, or one large share and one small share. Most children chose the latter and claimed the large share. Then, researchers asked whether they would like to know how many candies were left for their partner. The result was interesting. Younger children showed strong curiosity, actively seeking their partner’s information. The older children, however, increasingly chose to avoid it. Researchers explained as children grow older, they become more concerned with feeling at ease — even if their actions might not be moral. By avoiding their partner’s information, they tend to keep a sense of fairness, or at least appearing fair. This strategy makes it easier to act in satisfying personal interests without feeling guilty. They note that adults routinely employ the same approach in various real-life situations. Yet avoidance has long-term costs. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety now, but can risk serious health issues later. Avoiding tough conversations may prevent short term conflict, but will likely trap people in unsatisfying relationships. “By repeatedly avoiding opposing views,” researchers warn, “we build avoidance habits that can harden into rigid thinking patterns over time.” It’s no wonder researchers refer to this as a fundamental human contradiction: we start out in life as curious explorers, eager as possible to absorb whatever knowledge we can. Yet, somewhere along the way, we learn to stick our heads in the sand like an ostrich. This comfortable escape, nevertheless, can shape our choices and determine how our lives unfold. Recognizing this is the first step toward reclaiming the courageous curiosity that defines our earliest years. 8. How does the author introduce “information avoidance” in Paragraph 1? A. By using a metaphor. B. By offering statistics. C. By showing an argument. D. By giving an example. 9. Why did the older children avoid their partner’s information? A. To maintain a nice self-image. B. To safeguard others’ interests. C. To sustain their sense of guilt. D. To obey the rules of the game. 10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The consequences of avoidance actions. B. The ways of forming thinking patterns. C. The reasons of ignoring opposing views. D. The health costs of our avoidance habits. 11. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. Does avoidance bring true happiness? B. Should we bury our heads like an ostrich? C. Can we shape our childhood curiosity? D. Is avoidance a path to greater curiosity? D Some of the biggest challenges in artificial intelligence are being worked on not by computer scientists but by philosophers. The philosophers are tasked with making the next generation of models more capable and reliable, but they also shed light on the mystery of consciousness. Jonathan Birch at the London School of Economics and Political Science says AI companies are the big employers of philosophy PhDs right now. “Topics that have been researched in philosophy departments for decades — how to make rational decisions, what counts as reasoning, what counts as evidence of consciousness — are suddenly of massive value to AI companies,” says Birch. One of the key tasks for this crop of philosophers is alignment, the AI industry term for efforts to stop harmful content — such as revealing instructions on how to make bombs. Efforts to stop AI models giving dangerous outputs were initially focused around putting in simple black-and-white guardrails (护栏), such as forbidding a model from talking about bombs entirely. But these proved clumsy and easy to circumvent. Now, companies are pursuing more advanced methods which lean heavily on philosophical understanding of right and wrong. However, it’s rarely straightforward. Researchers have found that if you tell a model to break a rule in one specific situation, it will start breaking lots of other rules, says Shane Glackin at the University of Exeter in the UK. And understanding why is exactly the sort of problem that philosophy’s logical analysis can crack. Mahrad Almotahari at the University of Edinburgh sees value in philosophy expertise for technology firms, but is sceptical that the toughest questions of machine consciousness will be answered by them. Others see a potential problem on the horizon, with industry hiring philosophers eventually leading to biased research that serves the interests of technology companies. “I wish we had made more progress on the big questions of philosophy before the arrival of AI. If we had, we would have been better prepared. AI has now given these questions massive urgency, and yet, the answers still seem far away,” says Birch. 12. What phenomenon is presented in the first two paragraphs? A. Computer scientists are losing their jobs. B. Philosophers outperform computer scientists. C. Philosophy PhDs are favored in the job market. D. AI companies are turning to philosophy for help. 13. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Take over. B. Get around. C. Pick up. D. Push forward. 14. How do the training methods of large language models shift? A. From theory analysis to practical use. B. From technical fixes to logical analysis. C. From rigid rules to moral reasoning. D. From simple tasks to complex situations. 15. What question does the text center on? A. Will philosophers win in the battle for better AI? B. Can the problems in AI be solved by philosophy? C. How can philosophers transform the AI industry? D. Why do AI companies prefer philosophers to coders? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When I sat in the sun one afternoon, it was noisy outside. The industrious buzz of bees in cherry flowers was annoying, accompanied by “back off” warning chirps from blackbirds nesting in the tree. ____16____ A mini-digger was tearing apart the neighboring garden, sending out a deep, continuous roar. They started with the hedge (树篱) — I thought that was all they were going to do, because it happened around here a lot. ____17____ The first was proudly pointed out to me by the owner; the second I only saw in the aftermath. But this time they had bigger plans. When the hedge was out, they kept clearing away bushes, plants and trees. ____18____ Aren’t we supposed to be a nation of garden lovers? It doesn’t feel like it. ____19____ Paved (铺砌的) driveways have covered what were plots of wild vegetation. And it’s happening almost everywhere. People have their reasons and it’s none of my bleeding-heart business, but I just can’t stop feeling worried. I know people are busy and gardening may feel burdensome. But for anyone who has a corner of outside space, if they can’t do something, at least they can do nothing. Nothing might be the best thing of all, actually, as long as they don’t destroy it. ____20____ Wild grass and flowers feed insects and birds; insects lay eggs in plants; birds line nests in trees... Over time, the negative space where people don’t garden can be precisely where the ordinary magic of life happens. A. Gardens can evolve in their own way. B. There was another noise too, though. C. Gardens are almost as diverse as a rainforest. D. I couldn’t remember exactly the similar happenings. E. It was the third case I had spotted in a matter of weeks. F. By evening, what had once been a garden was no more. G. Every year, a handful of front gardens get concreted over here. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I’ve grown used to the pause. When someone hears my name — Goodluck — they often look at me with confusion. It’s something I didn’t think would require much ____21____. Back in Nigeria, it didn’t. Names like Precious or Beauty were ____22____. Mine was just another name. I didn’t ____23____ how different my name was until I traveled to the U.S. for my education at 19. That was the first time “Goodluck” stopped blending in. I thought it would be ____24____ to remember, but instead of recognition, it met ____25____. I had to spell it and explain that I was not ____26____. I couldn’t understand why something ____27____ back home needed so much clarification. However, I also felt a quiet sense of gratitude. I never had to change my name to ____28____. I’ve met people who dropped their given names to avoid the 15-minute pronunciation ____29____. I understood them, but I was proud I didn’t have to _____30_____ my name. In Nigerian culture, names are messages. Some _____31_____ birth circumstances, while others are _____32_____ for the child’s future. Mine remains a _____33_____. I don’t know why my parents chose it. I believe it’s something I’m meant to _____34_____ and discover for myself gradually. What started as just a name is now what I lead with. It’s also one of the few things I’ve carried _____35_____. In a new country, my name has become a thread connecting me to home. 21. A. treatment B. explanation C. argument D. complaint 22. A. common B. distinct C. elegant D. magical 23. A. value B. ask C. realize D. miss 24. A. fun B. vital C. useful D. easy 25. A. indifference B. prejudice C. disbelief D. opposition 26. A. cheating B. joking C. pretending D. guessing 27. A. specific B. complex C. normal D. traditional 28. A. calm down B. fit in C. take off D. stand out 29. A. mission B. game C. test D. lesson 30. A. compromise B. standardize C. modernise D. customize 31. A. predict B. judge C. reflect D. shape 32. A. rewards B. prayers C. seeds D. decisions 33. A. mystery B. problem C. treasure D. reality 34. A. grow into B. bring up C. turn on D. pay for 35. A. untranslated B. unheard C. unanswered D. unchanged 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Painter Feng Zikai (1898-1975) recalled his childhood enlightenment as he learned about painting in his article ____36____ (pen) in 1934. When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three-Character Classic, he found himself, instead of ____37____ (catch) by the text, seized by the illustrations. These images were so impressive that he began coloring them using paints from his family’s dyehouse (染坊). “The children new to school enjoy coloring images in textbooks,” says Li Hongbo, ____38____ art professor at Jilin Normal University. “They may have limited understanding of colors, ____39____ they often take pride in their ‘creations’ and find endless pleasure from such activities. These phenomena can serve ____40____ a gateway for children to learn about painting and reveal that textbooks from other subjects can contribute to fundamental fine arts education,” says Li. Feng’s story is being presented ____41____ (visible) in the ongoing Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition, ____42____ highlight is to show the development of the country’s fundamental fine arts education since 1904. This exhibition ____43____ (display) the rich value of fine arts education in enhancing the ability to appreciate beauty, cultivate the soul and stimulate innovation. It also makes possible the ____44____ (integrate) of the rich resources into the field of education, giving full play to ____45____ (they) roles of preserving history and educating people. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，外教Mr. Smith与你所在英语社团联合筹办“绿色地球”主题活动。Mr. Smith为活动设计的海报初稿已经完成，想听听同学们的想法。请你结合海报内容，给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你对海报现有设计的评价； 2．你建议补充的内容及理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve taken a closer look at your poster draft and would like to share a few thoughts. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Aliya grew up in Nuwara Eliya of Sri Lanka, a small town nestled between gentle hills and a slow-moving river. It was peaceful, her mother often said. It was safe, her father would add, patting her shoulder with his calloused hand. But Aliya thought: Is this all there is? She was certain that her future — her real life — lay somewhere else on a global stage. At twenty-two, Aliya won a scholarship to a university in New York. Her parents, proud and heartbroken, saw her off at the airport. “Come back,” they said. She smiled and waved, already gone in her mind. New York was everything she had imagined. She walked along the Hudson at sunset, visited museums she had only seen in books, and sat in lecture halls where professors discussed ideas in a way she had never encountered. She told herself this was living. She threw herself into her studies, networked at every event, and applied for every internship. She learned to laugh at jokes she didn’t understand, to dress the part, and to mold herself into someone who belonged. Sometimes she called home, hasty and casual. She was relentless in this city, always reaching for the next hold. At twenty-five, she landed a job at a prestigious firm. At twenty-seven, she had an apartment with a view of Manhattan’s skyline, a circle of cosmopolitan friends, and a calendar filled with gallery openings and rooftop parties. “You’re living the dream,” her friends back in Nuwara Eliya would say during video calls, their voices tinged with envy. Right after her thirtieth birthday, she was laid off. Emails for a new job went unanswered. The apartment became cold and hollow. She suddenly realized that all her relationships were brief and transactional connections that soon faded. She had trained herself to be a New Yorker, and now, when she needed a place to truly belong, she found herself in a city caring little about her existence. She woke up each morning feeling at a loss, her future dimming. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After another upsetting wake-up, Aliya dialed the number back home. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Aliya took a job in the town library. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $