精品解析：上海市上海交通大学附属中学2026-2027学年高一上学期第一次调研测试英语试题

上海市上海交通大学附属中学2026-2027学年高一上学期 第一次调研测试英语试卷 （满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上） 第I卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25') Section A(10') Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a hotel. B. At a meeting room. C. In the woman's office. D. On a taxi. 2. A.30. B.50. C.65. D.95. 3. A. Nervous. B. Quick-minded. C. Courageous. D. Sensible. 4. A. A serviceman. B. A businessman. C. A stockbroker. D. A teacher. 5. A. Attend a class. B. See the dentist. C. Go mountaineering. D. Go to the library. 6. A. She wanted to have spicy food. B. She disliked seafood. C. She didn't feel hungry at all. D. She had a stomachache. 7. A. Not watch a movie on his tablet. B. Use his VR headset to keep the tablet steady. C. Wear his VR headset while watching. D. Stand to keep the tablet fixed. 8. A. The man didn't know how to operate the machine. B. The machine is out of service at the entrance. C. The machine is in poor condition. D. The woman can read the machine with the signs. 9. A. She was invited to the portrait exhibition. B. She showed great interest in the portrait exhibition. C. She was poor at investing in exhibits of portrait. D. She considers soap operas her favorite entertainment. 10. A. The woman owes the man a bunch of flowers. B. The woman is lending money from the man. C. The man gets the woman to buy a down jacket. D. The man often fails to honor his commitment. Section B (1.5'10=15') Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Flight attendants. B. Passengers. C. The fire brigade. D. Plane manufacturers. 12. A. Flight CA4389 will fly from Chengdu and finally arrive at Beijing. B. It will take CA4389 more than three hours to arrive at Xi'an. C. CA4389 will travel 30, 982 kilometers for the whole flight. D. The average speed of CA4389 is 10,000 kilometers per hour. 13. A. Using electronic devices during landing. B. Using their hands to pull down the oxygen mask. C. Using laptop computers during the flight. D. Placing the oxygen mask below their nose. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By 2021. B. By 2023. C. By 2024. D. By 2028. 15. A. A man who holds a master's degree in mathematics. B. A man who has finished a test pilot school program. C. A man who has a year of professional flying experience. D. A woman who has completed the NASA physical examination. 16. A. The introduction of the Artemis program. B. The enrollment of astronaut candidates. C. The plan for a long-term base on the moon. D. The requirements of NASA physical examination. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. People can drive their cars freely on the PRT system. B. Each car on the PRT system can carry 3 passengers at a time. C. The cars running on the PRT system can be controlled by a wire. D. The power that gets the cars running on the PRT system comes from the sun. 18. A. The traffic jam in Masdar City. B. A special TV program. C. Solutions to traffic jams. D. Advanced vehicles in the future. 19. A. Building more roads with wider lanes. B. Widening the current roads for cars. C. Encouraging people to cycle more. D. Have car drivers pay more for fuel. 20. A. Taxi drivers. B. Taxi passengers. C. Traffic experts. D. Cyclists. II. Multiple Choices (25) 1. — How much do you know about The Phantom of the Opera to be performed in Shanghai later this month? — Quite a lot. The local media ________ it in various forms. A. covers B. covered C. have covered D. will cover 2. Over the past few days, a drumbeat of concern about the speed and potential dangers of AI development ________ louder and louder. A. have been grown B. have grown C. has grew D. has been growing 3. Books of this kind, especially those written for young readers, ________ well in many bookstores. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 4. ________ being referred to as “cooling tea”, the drink ________. A. Although; often serves B. Although; is often served C. Despite; often serves D. Despite; is often served 5. — Hi, Jason! You should consider laser surgery! I just had it and my vision is normal now. — But I ________ the risks. What if my vision becomes worse or I lose it completely? I don’t want to go blind. A. am still concerned about B. still concern C. am still concerned with D. still concern with 6. The fliers (传单) began appearing around campus. “THE WORLD WITH NO PHONE”, they ________. A. wrote B. was read C. read D. was written 7. Years ago, I ________ as a photographer to cover a bank event at a pizza place. A. was hired B. had hired C. had been hired D. hired 8. It was the first time ________ I went abroad ________ I was fascinated with everything around me. A. when; that B. /; when C. /; that D. that; when 9. The film Life in a Day premiered (首演) at the Sundance Film Festival and ________ over 17 million views to date on YouTube. A. had received B. receives C. has received D. was receiving 10. I hope you’ll enjoy the laboratory. It’s a wonderful place but all these instructions ________ strictly. A. will be followed B. are to be followed C. are being followed D. will have been followed 11. See to it that all the lights ________ before you leave the classroom. A. turn off B. have turned off C. are turned off D. will be turned off 12. Unlike my mother, who was anxious to pass for an educated woman and tried out the idioms (成语) she ________ somewhere, my father refused to use vocabulary that ________ to him. A. read; wasn’t belonged B. read; didn’t belong C. had read; wasn’t belonged D. had read; didn’t belong 13. Great changes are reported to have happened in his hometown since he ________ abroad for further study. A. goes B. went C. had went D. had gone 14. By the time you have completed the essential training, you ________ to virtually every aspect of the course. A. would be exposed B. will have been exposed C. will have exposed D. would expose 15. I ________ to attend the meeting, but when I heard that it had been canceled, I went home instead. A. intended B. was intended C. had intended D. had been intended 16. The value of something is negatively correlated with whether or not people have it. ________ they have it, it really isn’t worth anything. But if they don’t have it, it’s worth an arm and a leg. A. As though B. Once C. Unless D. Even if 17. This investment is a reliable way to ________ your children’s financial future. A. stretch B. spit C. record D. secure 18. Chinese residents made 3.46 billion domestic trips in the first half of 2026, up 5.4% year-on-year, while their spending on those trips ________ by 2% to 3.21 trillion yuan. A. raised B. rose C. arouse D. arose 19. In the final ________ of the film, there was a girl who had hoped for marriage but ended up having another rather ordinary one. A. spot B. site C. setting D. scene 20. A wealth of information can be equal to ________, because the more information competes for our focus, the harder it becomes to concentrate on a single thing. A. poverty B. search C. richness D. memory 21. It’s exciting to see how the media ________ is evolving, with more diverse voices and perspectives contributing to its growth. A. record B. implement C. landscape D. attempt 22. A good interview process should involve ________ screening of job applicants and effective questions that every applicant gets asked. A. fearful B. careful C. eventful D. awful 23. In the Roaring 20s, women ________ their new-found freedom by chopping off their hair. A. cited B. granted C. abused D. exercised 24. From eliminating extreme poverty to building a moderately well-off society in all respects, China’s path to modernization reflects its people-centered ________. A. approach B. matter C. element D. reference 25. So, when should you ________ anger? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress (压制) your anger. A. bring down B. act on C. care about D. hold back III. Vocabulary (1.5'20=30') (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accessible B. appeal C. armed D. covered E. demonstrating F. featured G. major H. natural I. reliably J. translating K. visibly China’s latest emotional-consumption trend begins with a slow and careful process. ____26____ with tweezers (镊子) and hundreds of rice-sized plastic beads, “pindou” players spend hours ____27____ images into simple patterns before sealing them together with an iron. In a culture organized around speed and instant results, “pindou” offers something increasingly rare: a few uninterrupted hours in which progress can be seen, errors can be undone and effort ____28____ produces an outcome. The pleasure of doing something slowly. Olivia Plotnick, founder of digital agency WAI Social, believes the ____29____ begins with how little skill the activity demands. “Compared to painting, ‘pindou’ is incredibly ____30____.” Plotnick said that a finished piece offers “the chance to create art with your own two hands,” while also ____31____ taste and beauty rather than polished (完美的) images. Unlike instantaneous, a(n) ____32____ labor of love. A small craft becomes a social media hit. Sales data shows that “pindou” products generated more than 100 million RMB ($14.8 million) in sales in the first quarter, a 300% jump year-on-quarter. More than five million units were sold and 83,000 livestreams ____33____ the category. Sales rose around Chinese New Year, when holiday downtime creates ____34____ occasion for low-cost, screen-light entertainment. The buyer profile complicates the idea that this is simply another Gen Z microtrend. Women account for more than 70% of consumers, the core age group is 31 to 40, and smaller cities form a ____35____ demand base. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. company B. dawn C. dedicated D. destinations E. favoring F. ideal G. investing H. paying I. potential J. stands K. sweet Staycations and Coolcations Are the New Ways to Holiday This year, I’ve taken my holidays in Whitstable, Kent, where I live. I’ve swum in the unusually warm sea, and dined out locally using the money saved on an exorbitantly priced overseas vacation. With temperatures rising, and the biggest fire season in European history, I may soon have more ____36____ in opting for a staycation. In 2021, Blackstone Inc. made a bet on Brits ____37____ staycations by acquiring Bourne Leisure. Blackstone has been ____38____ in leisure activities and restaurants to offer more inviting stays and better value. This is ____39____ off, with Haven, which has parks throughout Britain, enjoying strong growth in visitor numbers this year. Climate change is redrawing the travel map. It could make parts of southern Europe too hot for even the most ____40____ sun-seekers, and transform more northerly spots, such as the Kent coast, into suitable vacation spots. There’s also the ____41____ for regions offering less traditional summer getaways, such as Norway, to exploit their more comfortable climate through so-called coolcations, which have moved into the mainstream in 2026 and are starting to be reflected in holiday sales. Ever since the ____42____ of mass tourism, travelers from northern European countries, such as Britain, Germany and parts of Scandinavia, have migrated south to find the sun. Richard Clarke, an analyst at Bernstein, has estimated that the ____43____ temperature for a beach holiday is between 23℃ and 31℃. As of 2020, the whole of the south European coast — the Mediterranean, Portugal, the French Atlantic and the Black Sea — was in this ____44____ spot, with most of the Northern European coast too cold. However, if August temperatures were two degrees warmer on average, the southern coasts of Spain, Sicily and Cyprus would become too hot. Many coastal regions in Northern Europe, including the southern UK, Benelux and North Germany, would enjoy average weather conditions of more than 23℃, making them more attractive ____45____. IV. Reading Comprehension (15'+30') Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. After years of studying how human beings write, the cognitive (认知的) psychologist Ronald T. Kellogg concluded that drafting a basic persuasive essay was as mentally ____46____ as digging a ditch (沟) was physically exhausting. Writing well requires a command of vocabulary, spelling and grammar. It ____47____ writers to comprehend a subject, to sort through their working memory of that topic, to organize and plan. Writing an essay is so difficult that a person involved in it can do hardly anything else. Very few people would volunteer to dig a ditch. Likewise, it is hard — almost impossible, many English teachers will admit — to turn a ____48____ writer into an enthusiastic one. ____49____ the American education system expects nearly all students to learn how to write an essay. It’s little wonder, then, that as soon as a tool arrived ____50____ to lessen the pain, people grabbed it. Like it or not, artificial intelligence is now firmly integrated into how students produce text. A growing number of educators are ____51____, and insist that students should write without A.I. The scholars who study writing and cognition are rarely automatically ____52____ A.I. Many have spent decades anticipating a leap in computer-assisted writing, just like the one we are living through. They tend to be excited by the technology’s potential. Still, their work casts doubt on the tech-industry ____53____ to integrate A.I. into every stage of the student writing process, from brainstorming to drafting to revising. Research shows that traditional ____54____ composition is valuable, not despite its difficulty, but because of it. Writing builds our working memory, executive planning skills and meta-cognition. Learning to write did not always matter so much. Before the 1870s, American students were tested through oral exams. College seats were reserved for the elite — future ministers and lawyers, professions where public speaking ____55____. But the rise of the modern, urban economy, and the invention of the typewriter, produced jobs that dealt more ____56____ with the written word, like office clerks and advertising copywriters. Starting in the late 19th century, students needed to learn how to write more fluently, and school curriculums, tied closely to the demands of industry, ____57____. Besides, teachers discovered that writing itself deepened knowledge. “If you want to think, understand and learn something, text really is ____58____,” the linguist Naomi S. Baron said. Cognitive research confirms that writing is a powerful aid in helping us to retain information we read. Revision is a practice of self-critique and self-improvement, and can be social, as well, if ____59____ is sought. Writing can also be empowering, allowing us to share our experiences and express our views. It can even be ____60____, which is why psychologists sometimes suggest keeping a journal. 46. A. convenient B. ordinary C. rewarding D. taxing 47. A. forces B. motivates C. demands D. urges 48. A. reluctant B. capable C. innovative D. well-off 49. A. Hopefully B. Yet C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 50. A. expecting B. demanding C. bothering D. promising 51. A. relieved B. alarmed C. amused D. sympathetic 52. A. opposed to B. keen on C. fascinated with D. grateful to 53. A. push B. guarantee C. resistance D. order 54. A. unwanted B. unassisted C. unqualified D. uncontrolled 55. A. varied B. rose C. struggled D. dominated 56. A. typically B. apparently C. heavily D. randomly 57. A. competed B. adapted C. disappeared D. rolled 58. A. preferable B. memorable C. noticeable D. acceptable 59. A. mistake B. refusal C. feedback D. proposal 60. A. effective B. academic C. complicated D. healing Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At a warehouse in an industrial corner of Queens, books of all shapes, sizes and colors fly across a series of moving belts before being placed into shipping containers destined for 150 library branches across New York City. It’s a symphony of bar codes and book numbers, taking place under the watchful eye of an unlikely conductor: Salvatore Magaddino, 65, a onetime Police Department captain and now the head of the logistics department of BookOps. BookOps is a collaboration between the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library systems, an operation that sorts and sends books from branch to branch. The process includes organizing and cataloging the systems’ books so that when a customer requests a book that isn’t on the shelves at their location, Magaddino’s team can usually deliver it by the next day. Magaddino joined the library system in 2006 after nearly two decades with the Police Department. By then, he had responded to many crime scenes, and it was becoming “gloom and doom all the time,” he said.“I wanted to like humanity again; I wanted to see New Yorkers in a different way. I needed to feel good about life and what I did again.” In 2013, after the financial crisis of 2008, the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library decided to combine their logistics systems, with Mr. Magaddino helping to oversee the transition. And while the work can be stressful, Mr. Magaddino said, he does bring a perspective from his former life as a cop.“We talk about crises, and, you know, I tone them down because there’s nobody dead in the street,” he said. “So it’s not a crisis for us.” Mr. Magaddino said that after missing countless rituals and events as his three children grew up, he wanted to be more present for his grandchildren. “I’ve been in this game 24/7 since I’m 21 years old — not that I don’t love what I do,” Mr. Magaddino said. “But I’ve got three grandkids that I never had before, and I don’t want to miss any of their birthday parties or school plays or anything like that.” 61. BookOps is mainly designed to ________. A. catalog books so that every branch can keep a complete collection B. make requested books available to readers across the two library systems C. reduce library costs by cutting the number of books selected and paid for D. provide next-day delivery for books at a reader’s local branch 62. What does the underlined phrase “gloom and doom” most probably mean? A. negativity B. danger C. routine D. boredom 63. What can be inferred about Magaddino’s police experience? A. It made him less willing to deal with stressful situations. B. It taught him to treat every workplace problem as an emergency. C. It helped him view problems at BookOps in a calmer way. D. It encouraged him to introduce police-style rules into libraries. 64. Why has Magaddino decided to retire? A. He has become tired of working with books. B. He wants to spend more time with his grandchildren. C. He believes BookOps no longer needs his help. D. He plans to return to the Police Department. (B) The New York Times Sometimes sleep advice can feel like a lot of what not to do. Don’t drink coffee after 2 p.m. Avoid your phone for at least 30 minutes before bed. Never sleep in. But there are rules and then there is reality, and we wanted to understand how people were actually spending the final moments of their days. Consistent evening routines, including keeping regular bedtimes and engaging in calming activities like meditation and breathing exercises, have been shown to improve sleep quality. Last month, we asked readers to tell us about their nightly habits. More than 1,100 people responded. Some of our favorite submissions revealed tiny and tender moments with partners (or plants), wholesome hobbies and ways to say goodbye to today and make tomorrow a little easier. Here they are, edited lightly for length and clarity. I like to polish (擦亮) my kitchen countertops with a green-apple-smelling cleaner. There’s something relaxing about seeing the liquid hitting the counter and the smell of fresh green apples hitting your nostrils. It just completes my day. Art Rosales, 55, Ventura, Calif. I have trained myself to use Sudoku (数独) to quiet my anxious mind and put me to sleep. I’ve done this for so long that I can just think about the numbers one through nine and get sleepy. Marissa Dickson, 45, Orlando, Fla. After getting ready for bed, I walk around my house and talk to my plants. I see if they need water, have any new growth, need a little fertilizer. I’ll often share my worries or hopes for the next day with them. It helps me find some peace before getting into bed. Billy Farrell, 34, Anchorage. My husband and I listen to audiobooks before falling asleep. Because their magic works better on me (I fall asleep instantly), he repeats the story from last night and asks if I remember. I say yes. We both know that’s not true. Michala Whitmore, 30, Pueblo, Colo. 65. Why did the writers ask readers about their nightly habits? A. To test whether common sleep rules actually work. B. To find out how people really spend the end of their day. C. To compare the effects of different bedtime activities. D. To urge readers to develop regular sleeping schedules. 66. What does the passage suggest about bedtime routines? A. They work best when based on expert recommendations. B. They should focus mainly on preparing for the following day. C. They are more likely to ensure better sleep when followed regularly. D. They should be adjusted according to changes in people’s daily schedules. 67. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. The submissions were left unchanged to preserve their original meaning. B. Both Art Rosales and Billy Farrell use simple everyday activities to wind down before bed. C. Michala Whitmore’s husband tests her on the previous night’s story to check how well she slept. D. Marissa Dickson has used Sudoku for so long that it has gradually lost its effect on her. (C) Are you committed to your company or your team? Humans are conditioned to form attachment extremely quickly, a type of behaviour sometimes called the “minimal group effect”. In a famous series of experiments, a social psychologist called Henri Tajfel found that you can divide strangers into groups on totally arbitrary grounds — how good they are at estimating the number of dots on a chart, say, or how much they like a certain type of abstract art, or even just on the basis of a coin toss — and they will immediately start to favour members of their own group when then asked to distribute rewards. If people are prepared to start dividing the world into “us” and “them” based on whether someone likes Mondrian, it’s no surprise that they form strong identities and loyalties based on where they go to work every day. One of the small diversions of office life is watching to see how quickly joiners start using the word “we” to refer to their new employer: it’s usually instantaneous and occasionally takes place during the interview. But if you work for a large enough company, you do not belong only to the organization. You have “nested identities”: you are also a member of a department, and of a team within that department, and perhaps of smaller groups as well. These other-in-groups can really matter. That ought not to be a huge surprise. Familiarity and shared routines bind people from a specific team together. Identities at work also depend largely on which department you are in. If you are at a staff event for Widget & Sons and a colleague asks what you do, you don’t say “I work for Widget & Sons” but tell them which group you work in. Identifying with a sub-group is not necessarily bad. It makes perfect sense for organizations to divide labour up among departments. A bit of friendly competition between teams can be useful. But a strong sense of group identity can also impede co-operation across the wider organization. It becomes natural to blame the general uselessness of other departments if things go wrong. Budget allocations are framed as victories and losses. Information may well be hoarded in silos rather than shared. A paper by Jeanine Pieternel Porck of Oklahoma State University and her co-authors finds, for example, that a strong sense of group identification is associated with reduced interpretation of an organization’s strategy. Executives must therefore address close team bonds with commitment to the whole organization. An experiment involving Manchester United supporters illustrates how this might be achieved. Mark Levine and his colleagues first reminded participants of their identity as United fans. The participants were then more likely to help someone wearing a United shirt than someone wearing a Liverpool shirt or a plain top. In a second experiment, participants were encouraged to think of themselves more broadly as football fans. They then became equally willing to help people wearing either United or Liverpool shirts. Although the experiment was not watertight, it demonstrated that broadening people’s sense of identity can encourage co-operation beyond their immediate group. 68. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “minimal group effect”? A. Students randomly assigned to two teams offer more support to members of their team. B. Employees who have worked together for years develop strong loyalty to one another. C. Family members offer enduring support to one another because of their biologic ties. D. Friends are more willing to help one another because of their close personal relationships. 69. Why does the author mention the example of Widget & Sons? A. To explain why large companies divide employees into different groups. B. To show that employees often identify more closely with their particular work group. C. To suggest that employees find it difficult to describe their responsibilities. D. To emphasize the importance of communication between different departments. 70. What is a potential risk brought about by strong “nested identities”? A. They may make departments compete for more skilled employees. B. They may weaken shared understanding across the organization. C. They may encourage friendly competition between different teams. D. They may cause employees to lose interest in the success of their own teams. 71. What will the author most likely discuss following the Manchester United experiment? A. How to apply football supporters’ loyalty to business competition B. How to promote employees’ “nested identities” in the workplace C. How to redistribute budgets without performance-based criteria D. How to strengthen employees’ identification with the wider organization Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. How to study when you don’t feel like it There are days when studying feels almost impossible. You sit at your desk, open your textbook, and somehow find yourself checking your phone five minutes later. You know you have an exam coming, but you simply do not feel like studying. ____72____. If you wait until you feel motivated, you may end up doing very little. A better approach is to accept that you do not need to feel ready before you begin. One useful strategy is to make the first step ridiculously small. Open your book, read one page, or answer three questions. This removes some of the psychological pressure that comes with a large task. Once you start, you may discover that continuing is easier than expected. ____73____ If your phone is next to you, your brain has to repeatedly resist the temptation to check it. Instead, put your phone in another room or turn off unnecessary notifications. Another important point is to stop judging yourself for not feeling motivated. Many students waste even more time feeling guilty about wasting time. But negative self-talk rarely creates useful motivation. ____74____ Once you understand the reason, you can choose a better solution. Finally, remember that consistency matters more than intensity. You do not need to have a highly productive day every day. ____75____ Read five pages, review ten vocabulary words, or solve a few practice questions. Small efforts may seem insignificant, but they add up over time. A. It is often claimed that motivation often comes before action. B. Instead, try to identify what is holding you back from doing the work. C. On difficult days, your goal can simply be to keep the habit of studying alive. D. It also helps to make studying easier and distractions harder. E. The problem is that motivation is unreliable. F. Small changes in daily habits can lead to a noticeable increase in productivity. 第二卷 IV. Phrase Translation(10') Directions: Complete the sentences with phrases from U1！ 76. We ________ (与……相处很好) our new neighbors last year.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 77. Li Wenwen, 44, a former student, said she ________ (编辑视频片段) and letters from former classmates — now spread across Beijing, Tianjin and overseas — to present them to her former teacher. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 78. When Tom was in high school, ________ (他一贯) to stay up late preparing for exams. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 79. The director Kevin Macdonald was interested in ________(制作一个数字时间胶囊) for the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 80. A rescue team dispatched by the Sichuan Fire and Rescue Brigade ________ (已抵达现场) to carry out search-and-rescue operations after a mudslide struck near Zhiliuhui village. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 81. ________ (不为自己的情绪感到羞愧) allows you to accept yourself more fully. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 82. The 4×100-meter relay is the ________ (主要赛事) of this year’s school sports meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 83. Although they came from very different backgrounds, they soon discovered that they ________ (有很多共同点). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 84. Culture means a way of life for a particular group of people. The program is designed to provide support for ________ (某一特定的人群). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 85. ________ (从商业的视角perspective), China has become one of the world’s most important growth markets. (根据汉语提示完成句子) V. Translation (3'+3'+4'+5'=15') 86. 人们普遍认为，我们很快会再次经历今年的极端高温。(before) (汉译英) ________________________________ 87. 第二节课后到操场集合已经成为一种日常惯例。(routine) (汉译英) ________________________________ 88. 李老师知识面广博且乐于回答学生的问题，被称为“行走的字典”。(refer) (汉译英) ________________________________ 89. 近年来，中国在电力系统方面取得了重大进展，有效支持了经济和社会的发展，同时也满足了人民的基本需求。(in terms of) (汉译英) ________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市上海交通大学附属中学2026-2027学年高一上学期 第一次调研测试英语试卷 （满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上） 第I卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25') Section A(10') Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a hotel. B. At a meeting room. C. In the woman's office. D. On a taxi. 2. A.30. B.50. C.65. D.95. 3. A. Nervous. B. Quick-minded. C. Courageous. D. Sensible. 4. A. A serviceman. B. A businessman. C. A stockbroker. D. A teacher. 5. A. Attend a class. B. See the dentist. C. Go mountaineering. D. Go to the library. 6. A. She wanted to have spicy food. B. She disliked seafood. C. She didn't feel hungry at all. D. She had a stomachache. 7. A. Not watch a movie on his tablet. B. Use his VR headset to keep the tablet steady. C. Wear his VR headset while watching. D. Stand to keep the tablet fixed. 8. A. The man didn't know how to operate the machine. B. The machine is out of service at the entrance. C. The machine is in poor condition. D. The woman can read the machine with the signs. 9. A. She was invited to the portrait exhibition. B. She showed great interest in the portrait exhibition. C. She was poor at investing in exhibits of portrait. D. She considers soap operas her favorite entertainment. 10. A. The woman owes the man a bunch of flowers. B. The woman is lending money from the man. C. The man gets the woman to buy a down jacket. D. The man often fails to honor his commitment. Section B (1.5'10=15') Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Flight attendants. B. Passengers. C. The fire brigade. D. Plane manufacturers. 12. A. Flight CA4389 will fly from Chengdu and finally arrive at Beijing. B. It will take CA4389 more than three hours to arrive at Xi'an. C. CA4389 will travel 30, 982 kilometers for the whole flight. D. The average speed of CA4389 is 10,000 kilometers per hour. 13. A. Using electronic devices during landing. B. Using their hands to pull down the oxygen mask. C. Using laptop computers during the flight. D. Placing the oxygen mask below their nose. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. By 2021. B. By 2023. C. By 2024. D. By 2028. 15. A. A man who holds a master's degree in mathematics. B. A man who has finished a test pilot school program. C. A man who has a year of professional flying experience. D. A woman who has completed the NASA physical examination. 16. A. The introduction of the Artemis program. B. The enrollment of astronaut candidates. C. The plan for a long-term base on the moon. D. The requirements of NASA physical examination. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. People can drive their cars freely on the PRT system. B. Each car on the PRT system can carry 3 passengers at a time. C. The cars running on the PRT system can be controlled by a wire. D. The power that gets the cars running on the PRT system comes from the sun. 18. A. The traffic jam in Masdar City. B. A special TV program. C. Solutions to traffic jams. D. Advanced vehicles in the future. 19. A. Building more roads with wider lanes. B. Widening the current roads for cars. C. Encouraging people to cycle more. D. Have car drivers pay more for fuel. 20. A. Taxi drivers. B. Taxi passengers. C. Traffic experts. D. Cyclists. II. Multiple Choices (25) 1. — How much do you know about The Phantom of the Opera to be performed in Shanghai later this month? — Quite a lot. The local media ________ it in various forms. A. covers B. covered C. have covered D. will cover 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——关于本月晚些时候将在上海上演的《歌剧魅影》，你了解多少？——非常多。当地媒体已经以各种形式报道了它。根据语境可知，当地媒体的报道发生在过去，并且对现在造成了影响（导致“我”现在了解很多），因此设空处应使用现在完成时。 2. Over the past few days, a drumbeat of concern about the speed and potential dangers of AI development ________ louder and louder. A. have been grown B. have grown C. has grew D. has been growing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的几天里，人们对人工智能发展速度和潜在危险的担忧声越来越大。句中时间状语Over the past few days与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，结合louder and louder可知，此处强调动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，且仍在进行，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时。主语是单数名词a drumbeat，谓语动词需用单数形式。 3. Books of this kind, especially those written for young readers, ________ well in many bookstores. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这类书，尤其是那些写给年轻读者的，在很多书店很畅销。主语Books of this kind中心词是Books，为复数；sell well是固定用法，用主动形式表达被动含义，表示“畅销”，sell符合语境。 4. ________ being referred to as “cooling tea”, the drink ________. A. Although; often serves B. Although; is often served C. Despite; often serves D. Despite; is often served 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管被称为“凉茶”，但这种饮料却经常被提供。第一空后being referred to...为动名词短语，应使用介词，Although为连词，后接从句，Despite为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故第一空填Despite；第二空主语the drink与动词serve之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，故填is often served，用一般现在时的被动语态表示经常性的动作。 5. — Hi, Jason! You should consider laser surgery! I just had it and my vision is normal now. — But I ________ the risks. What if my vision becomes worse or I lose it completely? I don’t want to go blind. A. am still concerned about B. still concern C. am still concerned with D. still concern with 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——嗨，杰森！你应该考虑一下激光手术！我刚做过，现在我的视力正常了。——但是我仍然担心风险。如果我的视力变差或者完全失明怎么办？我不想变瞎。be concerned about为固定搭配，意为“对……感到担忧”；be concerned with意为“与……有关，关心”；concern作动词时为及物动词，后跟人作宾语。此处表达对手术风险感到担忧。 6. The fliers (传单) began appearing around campus. “THE WORLD WITH NO PHONE”, they ________. A. wrote B. was read C. read D. was written 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：传单开始出现在校园各处。“没有手机的世界”，上面写着。当read表示“（标志、信件等）写着，显示”时，是不及物动词，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，无被动语态。若使用及物动词write“书写”，则需用被动语态were written。 7. Years ago, I ________ as a photographer to cover a bank event at a pizza place. A. was hired B. had hired C. had been hired D. hired 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：多年前，我受雇作为一名摄影师，去一家披萨店报道一场银行活动。根据前文“Years ago”可知，句子为一般过去时，主语I和hire之间是被动关系，表示“我被雇佣”，was hired符合语境。 8. It was the first time ________ I went abroad ________ I was fascinated with everything around me. A. when; that B. /; when C. /; that D. that; when 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：正是在我第一次出国的时候，我对周围的一切都着迷了。the first time作连词引导时间状语从句；且本句为强调句型，基本结构为“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，句中被强调的部分是时间状语the first timeI went abroad。 9. The film Life in a Day premiered (首演) at the Sundance Film Festival and ________ over 17 million views to date on YouTube. A. had received B. receives C. has received D. was receiving 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：电影《浮生一日》在圣丹斯电影节首映，迄今为止在YouTube上的观看次数已超过1700万次。句中时间状语“to date”意为“迄今为止”，通常与现在完成时连用，主语The film Life in a Day为单数名词，谓语动词需用has received。 10. I hope you’ll enjoy the laboratory. It’s a wonderful place but all these instructions ________ strictly. A. will be followed B. are to be followed C. are being followed D. will have been followed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我希望你会喜欢这个实验室。它是一个很棒的地方，但是所有这些指示都必须被严格遵守。be to do...结构可用来表示命令、要求或按规定必须做某事。句中主语all these instructions与动词follow之间是被动关系，因此使用被动语态be to be done形式。 11. See to it that all the lights ________ before you leave the classroom. A. turn off B. have turned off C. are turned off D. will be turned off 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：确保在你离开教室之前所有的灯都被关掉。此处考查固定句型“see to it that...”意为“务必使……，确保……”，其后的宾语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。从句主语all the lights与动词turn off之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态are turned off。 12. Unlike my mother, who was anxious to pass for an educated woman and tried out the idioms (成语) she ________ somewhere, my father refused to use vocabulary that ________ to him. A. read; wasn’t belonged B. read; didn’t belong C. had read; wasn’t belonged D. had read; didn’t belong 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：不像我母亲那样急于被看作是一个受过教育的女人，并尝试使用她曾在某处读到过的成语，我父亲拒绝使用不属于他的词汇。第一空，母亲“读到”成语的动作发生在谓语动词“尝试使用（tried out）”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had read）；第二空，belong to（属于）是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，且根据主句谓语refused可知此处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时的主动否定形式（didn’t belong）。 13. Great changes are reported to have happened in his hometown since he ________ abroad for further study. A. goes B. went C. had went D. had gone 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：据报道，自从他出国深造以来，他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。句中含有since引导的时间状语从句，since引导的从句通常使用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去。go的过去式为went。 14. By the time you have completed the essential training, you ________ to virtually every aspect of the course. A. would be exposed B. will have been exposed C. will have exposed D. would expose 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：到你完成基本训练的时候，你将几乎接触到这门课程的每一个方面。“By the time + 现在完成时”引导时间状语从句时，主句通常使用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，同时，主语you与动词expose (使接触) 之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态，因此，此处应使用将来完成时的被动语态will have been exposed。 15. I ________ to attend the meeting, but when I heard that it had been canceled, I went home instead. A. intended B. was intended C. had intended D. had been intended 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我本打算去参加会议的，但是当我听说会议被取消了，我就回家了。“打算参加会议”这一动作发生在一般过去时的动作“heard”和“went”之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此需要使用过去完成时，且had intended to do sth.为常见固定用法，表示“本打算做某事（但实际未做）”。 16. The value of something is negatively correlated with whether or not people have it. ________ they have it, it really isn’t worth anything. But if they don’t have it, it’s worth an arm and a leg. A. As though B. Once C. Unless D. Even if 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：某物的价值与人们是否拥有它呈负相关。一旦他们拥有了它，它就真的不值钱了。但是如果他们没有拥有它，它就价值连城。A. As though仿佛；B. Once一旦；C. Unless除非；D. Even if即使。空格处所在句与后句But if they don’t have it...形成对比，表示“一旦”拥有某物，它就不值钱了。 17. This investment is a reliable way to ________ your children’s financial future. A. stretch B. spit C. record D. secure 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这项投资是保障你孩子财务未来的可靠方式。A. stretch延伸；B. spit吐口水；C. record记录；D. secure保障，保卫。根据your children’s financial future可知，此处表示给孩子的财务未来提供保障。 18. Chinese residents made 3.46 billion domestic trips in the first half of 2026, up 5.4% year-on-year, while their spending on those trips ________ by 2% to 3.21 trillion yuan. A. raised B. rose C. arouse D. arose 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：2026年上半年，中国居民国内出游34.6亿人次，同比增长5.4%，而他们在这些出游上的花费增长了2%，达到3.21万亿元。A. raised提高；B. rose上升；C. arouse引起；D. arose出现。空处作谓语，主语为their spending，且后接介词by，需用不及物动词表示“上升，增加”，rise符合语境，rise by...表示“上升了/增长了……（幅度）”；且根据前半句的made可知时态为一般过去时，应用其过去式rose。 19. In the final ________ of the film, there was a girl who had hoped for marriage but ended up having another rather ordinary one. A. spot B. site C. setting D. scene 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在这部电影的最后一幕，有一个曾期盼婚姻的女孩，最后却拥有了另一段相当平凡的婚姻。A. spot地点；B. site场所；C. setting背景；D. scene（电影）场景，一幕。根据后文“of the film”可知，scene表示电影的一幕符合语境。 20. A wealth of information can be equal to ________, because the more information competes for our focus, the harder it becomes to concentrate on a single thing. A. poverty B. search C. richness D. memory 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：海量信息有时等同于信息匮乏：越多信息争抢我们的注意力，我们就越难专注于一件事。。A. poverty匮乏；B. search搜索；C. richness丰富；D. memory记忆。根据后半句“because the more information competes for our focus, the harder it becomes to concentrate on a single thing”可知，信息过多反而会导致注意力分散，无法集中精力，因此信息的“丰富（wealth）”等同于注意力的“贫乏（匮乏）”，前后形成逻辑上的反差与对比。 21. It’s exciting to see how the media ________ is evolving, with more diverse voices and perspectives contributing to its growth. A. record B. implement C. landscape D. attempt 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：看到媒体格局是如何演变的，以及更多样化的声音和观点促进其发展，真是令人兴奋。A. record记录；B. implement工具；C. landscape格局；D. attempt尝试。此处“media landscape”为常见搭配，意为“媒体格局”或“媒体环境”，符合语境。 22. A good interview process should involve ________ screening of job applicants and effective questions that every applicant gets asked. A. fearful B. careful C. eventful D. awful 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：一个好的面试过程应该包括对求职者的仔细筛选，以及向每位求职者提出有效的问题。A. fearful可怕的；B. careful仔细的；C. eventful多事的；D. awful糟糕的。根据“A good interview process should involve”可知，此处表示“一个好的面试过程需要对求职者进行仔细的筛选”，careful符合语境。 23. In the Roaring 20s, women ________ their new-found freedom by chopping off their hair. A. cited B. granted C. abused D. exercised 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：在喧嚣的二十年代，女性通过剪掉头发来行使她们新获得的自由。A. cited引用；B. granted授予；C. abused滥用；D. exercised行使。根据“their new-found freedom by chopping off their hair”可知，剪发是女性合理使用自身权利的表现，应用动词exercised。 24. From eliminating extreme poverty to building a moderately well-off society in all respects, China’s path to modernization reflects its people-centered ________. A. approach B. matter C. element D. reference 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：从消除绝对贫困到全面建成小康社会，中国式现代化道路反映了其以人民为中心的方针。A. approach方法，态度；B. matter事情；C. element要素；D. reference参考。根据its people-centered可知此处表达“以人民为中心的方针”。 25. So, when should you ________ anger? Let’s imagine your community is experiencing serious health issues because a nearby factory is illegally polluting the water supply. In unjust situations like this, it could be a moral mistake to suppress (压制) your anger. A. bring down B. act on C. care about D. hold back 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：那么，你应该在什么时候发泄愤怒呢？假设你的社区正遭遇严重的健康问题，原因是附近一家工厂非法污染供水。在这种不公正的情况下，压制愤怒可能是一种道德错误。A. bring down降低；B. act on按照……行动；C. care about关心；D. hold back抑制。根据后文it could be a moral mistake to suppress (压制) your anger可知，压制愤怒可能是道德错误，由此推断前文是在探讨何时应该表达或发泄愤怒，act on anger表示“按照愤怒的情绪行动（即发泄愤怒）”。 III. Vocabulary (1.5'20=30') (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accessible B. appeal C. armed D. covered E. demonstrating F. featured G. major H. natural I. reliably J. translating K. visibly China’s latest emotional-consumption trend begins with a slow and careful process. ____26____ with tweezers (镊子) and hundreds of rice-sized plastic beads, “pindou” players spend hours ____27____ images into simple patterns before sealing them together with an iron. In a culture organized around speed and instant results, “pindou” offers something increasingly rare: a few uninterrupted hours in which progress can be seen, errors can be undone and effort ____28____ produces an outcome. The pleasure of doing something slowly. Olivia Plotnick, founder of digital agency WAI Social, believes the ____29____ begins with how little skill the activity demands. “Compared to painting, ‘pindou’ is incredibly ____30____.” Plotnick said that a finished piece offers “the chance to create art with your own two hands,” while also ____31____ taste and beauty rather than polished (完美的) images. Unlike instantaneous, a(n) ____32____ labor of love. A small craft becomes a social media hit. Sales data shows that “pindou” products generated more than 100 million RMB ($14.8 million) in sales in the first quarter, a 300% jump year-on-quarter. More than five million units were sold and 83,000 livestreams ____33____ the category. Sales rose around Chinese New Year, when holiday downtime creates ____34____ occasion for low-cost, screen-light entertainment. The buyer profile complicates the idea that this is simply another Gen Z microtrend. Women account for more than 70% of consumers, the core age group is 31 to 40, and smaller cities form a ____35____ demand base. 【答案】26. C 27. J 28. I 29. B 30. A 31. E 32. H 33. F 34. D 35. G 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了拼豆这一情绪消费新潮流，分析它吸引人的原因、销售热度以及消费人群特点。 【26题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：拼豆玩家手持镊子和成百上千粒米粒大小的塑料小豆，花费数小时将图案转化为简单造型，之后用熨斗把它们熨烫固定在一起。根据空后的“with tweezers (镊子) and hundreds of rice-sized plastic beads”可知，应用过去分词armed，be armed with是固定搭配，意为“配备有……”，此处作状语，去掉be动词。 【27题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：拼豆玩家手持镊子和成百上千粒米粒大小的塑料小豆，花费数小时将图案转化为简单造型，之后用熨斗把它们熨烫固定在一起。spend time doing sth.是固定结构，意为“花费时间做某事”，根据空后的“images into simple patterns”可知，应用动名词translating，translate…into…为固定搭配，意为“把……转化为……”。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：在一个崇尚速度、追求即时成果的环境里，拼豆带来了越来越难得的体验：一段不受打扰的时光，你可以看见进展、修正失误，付出的努力也实实在在能够换来成果。空格处需要副词修饰动词produces，reliably意为“稳妥地、可靠地”，指付出的努力能稳妥地得到结果。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：数字机构WAI Social的创始人奥利维娅・普洛特尼克认为，这项活动的吸引力首先在于它对技艺的门槛要求很低。定冠词the后面需要接名词作从句的主语，结合little skill the activity demands可知，此处指这拼豆的吸引力所在，appeal意为“吸引力”符合题意。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“和绘画相比，拼豆非常容易上手。”系动词is后面需要形容词作表语，accessible意为“容易上手的、门槛低的”，符合语境。 【31题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：普洛特尼克说，一件完成的作品提供了“亲手创作艺术品的机会”，同时展现出品味与美感，而不是完美的图像。根据空后的“taste and beauty”可知，此处为现在分词demonstrating作伴随状语，表示“展现出品味与美感”。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它并非速成之物，而是一份发自本心、饱含热爱的手工创作。空格处需要形容词修饰名词labor，natural意为“自然而然的、发自本心的”，符合语境。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：该产品销量超过500万件，共有8.3万场直播主推这类商品。and连接两个并列分句，前一句为被动语态描述销量，后一句主语是83,000 livestreams，缺少谓语动词，feature意为“以……为主要内容，主推”，时态和全文叙事时态一致，用过去式featured。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：春节前后销量有所上涨，假期的空闲时间催生了可满足这类低成本、少看屏幕的娱乐活动的适用场景。空格处需要形容词修饰名词occasion，此处指春节假期的空闲时间为这类低成本娱乐提供了充足的、覆盖性的场景，covered符合语境，意为“可满足相关需求的”。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：女性消费者占七成以上，核心消费群体年龄在31至40岁，小城市构成了主要的需求基础。空处需要形容词修饰名词短语demand base，major意为“主要的”，major demand base意为“主要的需求群体”，符合语境。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. company B. dawn C. dedicated D. destinations E. favoring F. ideal G. investing H. paying I. potential J. stands K. sweet Staycations and Coolcations Are the New Ways to Holiday This year, I’ve taken my holidays in Whitstable, Kent, where I live. I’ve swum in the unusually warm sea, and dined out locally using the money saved on an exorbitantly priced overseas vacation. With temperatures rising, and the biggest fire season in European history, I may soon have more ____36____ in opting for a staycation. In 2021, Blackstone Inc. made a bet on Brits ____37____ staycations by acquiring Bourne Leisure. Blackstone has been ____38____ in leisure activities and restaurants to offer more inviting stays and better value. This is ____39____ off, with Haven, which has parks throughout Britain, enjoying strong growth in visitor numbers this year. Climate change is redrawing the travel map. It could make parts of southern Europe too hot for even the most ____40____ sun-seekers, and transform more northerly spots, such as the Kent coast, into suitable vacation spots. There’s also the ____41____ for regions offering less traditional summer getaways, such as Norway, to exploit their more comfortable climate through so-called coolcations, which have moved into the mainstream in 2026 and are starting to be reflected in holiday sales. Ever since the ____42____ of mass tourism, travelers from northern European countries, such as Britain, Germany and parts of Scandinavia, have migrated south to find the sun. Richard Clarke, an analyst at Bernstein, has estimated that the ____43____ temperature for a beach holiday is between 23℃ and 31℃. As of 2020, the whole of the south European coast — the Mediterranean, Portugal, the French Atlantic and the Black Sea — was in this ____44____ spot, with most of the Northern European coast too cold. However, if August temperatures were two degrees warmer on average, the southern coasts of Spain, Sicily and Cyprus would become too hot. Many coastal regions in Northern Europe, including the southern UK, Benelux and North Germany, would enjoy average weather conditions of more than 23℃, making them more attractive ____45____. 【答案】36. A 37. E 38. G 39. H 40. C 41. I 42. B 43. F 44. K 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了气候变化正重塑旅游格局，居家度假和凉爽度假成为新趋势，传统南欧避暑地被北方目的地取代，人们更青睐适宜气候。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着气温上升和欧洲历史上最大的火灾季节到来，我很快可能会有更多同伴和我一样选择居家度假。根据With temperatures rising, and the biggest fire season in European history以及opting for a staycation可知，此处表示由于气候原因，会有更多人像作者一样选择居家度假，即作者有更多人作伴，空处应使用名词company，作宾语。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：2021年，黑石集团收购伯恩休闲集团，押注英国人偏爱本地度假。根据句中made a bet on Brits和空后staycations可知，此处表示押注英国人偏爱本地度假，空处应使用favor；用动名词favoring作宾语。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：黑石一直在投资休闲项目和餐厅，以提供更吸引人的住宿和更高性价比。根据空后in leisure activities and restaurants可知，此处表示投资休闲项目和餐厅，空处应使用investing，与空前的has been构成现在完成进行时。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：这正在取得回报，旗下遍布英国园区的Haven今年游客数量大幅增长。根据enjoying strong growth in visitor numbers this year可知，此处表示“（投资、做法）得到回报”，空处应使用paying，与空前的is构成现在进行时，固定搭配pay off，表示“得到回报”。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它可能让南欧部分地区热到连最热衷追寻阳光的游客都无法接受，并将肯特郡海岸等更靠北的地方变成合适的度假胜地。根据make parts of southern Europe too hot可知，此处表示最热衷追寻阳光的游客都无法接受南欧部分地区的炎热，空处应使用dedicated，用于the most后，构成形容词最高级，修饰后面名词sun-seekers。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：挪威等提供不太传统的夏季度假的地区也有可能通过所谓的凉爽度假来利用其更舒适的气候，这在2026年已经成为主流，并开始反映在假日销售中。根据句中to exploit their more comfortable climate through so-called coolcations, which have moved into the mainstream in 2026 and are starting to be reflected in holiday sales可知，此处表示这些地区采取的行动也是有可能的，空处应使用potential，在there be句型中作主语。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：自从大众旅游时代开启以来，来自英国、德国和斯堪的纳维亚半岛部分地区等北欧国家的游客就向南迁移，寻找阳光。根据of mass tourism可知，此处表示大众旅游时代开启，空处应使用dawn，构成固定短语the dawn of，意为“……的起始/开端”。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：伯恩斯坦分析师Richard Clarke估算，海滩度假的理想温度在23至31摄氏度之间。根据temperature for a beach holiday is between 23℃and 31℃可知，此处表示海滩度假的理想温度，空处应使用形容词ideal，修饰名词temperature，作定语。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：截至2020年，整个南欧海岸——地中海、葡萄牙、法国大西洋沿岸和黑海——都处于这个最佳位置，而北欧海岸的大部分地区都太冷了。根据with most of the Northern European coast too cold可知，此处表示整个南欧海岸处于温度的最佳位置，空处应使用形容词sweet，修饰名词spot，作定语。 【45题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：北欧的许多沿海地区，包括英国南部、比荷卢经济联盟和德国北部，将享受超过23℃的平均天气条件，使其成为更具吸引力的度假目的地。根据would enjoy average weather conditions of more than 23℃可知，此处表示这些地区气候条件适宜，会成为有吸引力的度假目的地，空处应使用destinations，指代多个目的地。 IV. Reading Comprehension (15'+30') Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. After years of studying how human beings write, the cognitive (认知的) psychologist Ronald T. Kellogg concluded that drafting a basic persuasive essay was as mentally ____46____ as digging a ditch (沟) was physically exhausting. Writing well requires a command of vocabulary, spelling and grammar. It ____47____ writers to comprehend a subject, to sort through their working memory of that topic, to organize and plan. Writing an essay is so difficult that a person involved in it can do hardly anything else. Very few people would volunteer to dig a ditch. Likewise, it is hard — almost impossible, many English teachers will admit — to turn a ____48____ writer into an enthusiastic one. ____49____ the American education system expects nearly all students to learn how to write an essay. It’s little wonder, then, that as soon as a tool arrived ____50____ to lessen the pain, people grabbed it. Like it or not, artificial intelligence is now firmly integrated into how students produce text. A growing number of educators are ____51____, and insist that students should write without A.I. The scholars who study writing and cognition are rarely automatically ____52____ A.I. Many have spent decades anticipating a leap in computer-assisted writing, just like the one we are living through. They tend to be excited by the technology’s potential. Still, their work casts doubt on the tech-industry ____53____ to integrate A.I. into every stage of the student writing process, from brainstorming to drafting to revising. Research shows that traditional ____54____ composition is valuable, not despite its difficulty, but because of it. Writing builds our working memory, executive planning skills and meta-cognition. Learning to write did not always matter so much. Before the 1870s, American students were tested through oral exams. College seats were reserved for the elite — future ministers and lawyers, professions where public speaking ____55____. But the rise of the modern, urban economy, and the invention of the typewriter, produced jobs that dealt more ____56____ with the written word, like office clerks and advertising copywriters. Starting in the late 19th century, students needed to learn how to write more fluently, and school curriculums, tied closely to the demands of industry, ____57____. Besides, teachers discovered that writing itself deepened knowledge. “If you want to think, understand and learn something, text really is ____58____,” the linguist Naomi S. Baron said. Cognitive research confirms that writing is a powerful aid in helping us to retain information we read. Revision is a practice of self-critique and self-improvement, and can be social, as well, if ____59____ is sought. Writing can also be empowering, allowing us to share our experiences and express our views. It can even be ____60____, which is why psychologists sometimes suggest keeping a journal. 46. A. convenient B. ordinary C. rewarding D. taxing 47. A. forces B. motivates C. demands D. urges 48. A. reluctant B. capable C. innovative D. well-off 49. A. Hopefully B. Yet C. Meanwhile D. Consequently 50. A. expecting B. demanding C. bothering D. promising 51. A. relieved B. alarmed C. amused D. sympathetic 52. A. opposed to B. keen on C. fascinated with D. grateful to 53. A. push B. guarantee C. resistance D. order 54. A. unwanted B. unassisted C. unqualified D. uncontrolled 55. A. varied B. rose C. struggled D. dominated 56. A. typically B. apparently C. heavily D. randomly 57. A. competed B. adapted C. disappeared D. rolled 58. A. preferable B. memorable C. noticeable D. acceptable 59. A. mistake B. refusal C. feedback D. proposal 60. A. effective B. academic C. complicated D. healing 【答案】46. D 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍写作对认知发展意义重大，传统独立写作虽艰难却不可或缺；学界对AI辅助写作看法不一，同时阐述写作教育随时代经济发展逐步受到重视的缘由。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：经过多年对人类写作方式的研究，认知心理学家Ronald T. Kellogg得出结论，起草一篇基本的说服性文章在脑力上的耗费程度，和挖沟在体力上使人筋疲力尽是一样的。A. convenient方便的；B. ordinary普通的；C. rewarding有回报的；D. taxing繁重的、费力的。根据下文“as digging a ditch (沟) was physically exhausting.”可知，挖沟是体力上很累，与之对应，写文章是脑力上费力。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：它要求写作者理解一个主题，梳理关于该话题的工作记忆，进行组织和规划。A. forces强迫；B. motivates激励；C. demands要求；D. urges催促。根据上文“Writing well requires a command of vocabulary, spelling and grammar.”可知，写好文章需要掌握多项能力，也就是写作对写作者提出这些能力要求。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，很多英语老师会承认，把一个不情愿写作的学生变成热爱写作的学生很难，几乎不可能。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. capable有能力的；C. innovative创新的；D. well-off富裕的。根据下文“into an enthusiastic one”以及语境可知，此处将不情愿写作的学生与热爱写作的学生形成对比。 【49题详解】 考查连词。句意：然而美国教育体系几乎要求所有学生学会如何写文章。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Yet然而；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Consequently因此。根据上文“it is hard — almost impossible, many English teachers will admit — to turn a ____ writer into an enthusiastic one.”以及下文“the American education system expects nearly all students to learn how to write an essay.”可知，把不爱写作的人变得热爱写作几乎不可能，和本句几乎所有学生都要学习写作，两句之间是转折关系。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：所以毫不奇怪，一旦一种有望减轻这份痛苦的工具出现，人们就会使用它。A. expecting期待；B. demanding要求；C. bothering打扰；D. promising有希望的。根据上文“a tool arrived”以及语境可知，前文提到写作十分煎熬痛苦，这个工具的作用是缓解写作的煎熬，即有望减轻痛苦。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者感到担忧，并坚持要求学生脱离AI写作。A. relieved宽慰的；B. alarmed担忧的；C. amused开心的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据下文“and insist that students should write without A.I.”可知，这些教育者不认可学生使用AI写作，对此感到担忧。 【52题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：研究写作与认知的学者很少自动反对AI。A. opposed to反对；B. keen on热衷于；C. fascinated with着迷；D. grateful to感激。根据下文“Many have spent decades anticipating a leap in computer-assisted writing, just like the one we are living through.”可知，他们期待计算机辅助写作的发展，说明他们不会一味反对AI。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管如此，他们的研究还是让人对科技行业将AI整合到学生写作过程的每个阶段(从头脑风暴到起草再到修改)提出质疑。A. push推动；B. guarantee保证；C. resistance抵抗；D. order命令。根据上文“the tech-industry”以及下文“to integrate A.I. into every stage of the student writing process, from brainstorming to drafting to revising”可知，此处表示科技行业主动推动AI进入写作各个环节。 【54题详解】 考查形容词。句意：研究表明，传统的无辅助写作是有价值的，不是尽管它很难，恰恰因为它有难度。A. unwanted不想要的；B. unassisted无协助的；C. unqualified不合格的；D. uncontrolled不受控制的。根据上文“traditional”以及语境可知，前文讨论AI辅助写作，此处与之对照，指没有AI辅助的传统独立写作。 【55题详解】 考查动词。句意：大学名额留给精英阶层——未来的部长和律师，在这些职业里公开演讲占主导地位。A. varied变化；B. rose上升；C. struggled挣扎；D. dominated占主导。根据上文“Before the 1870s, American students were tested through oral exams.”可知，早年学业考核以口试为主，演讲在这类职业里占主导地位。 【56题详解】 考查副词。句意：但是，现代城市经济的兴起和打字机的发明，催生了大量依赖文字的工作，例如文员、广告文案。A. typically典型地；B. apparently明显地；C. heavily大量地、重度地；D. randomly随机地。根据下文“with the written word, like office clerks and advertising copywriters.”以及常识可知，举例中提到文员、广告文案，这类岗位工作内容大量和书面文字打交道。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：从19世纪晚期开始，学生需要学习如何更流利地写作，和行业需求紧密绑定的学校课程随之做出调整。A. competed竞争；B. adapted适应、调整；C. disappeared消失；D. rolled滚动。根据上文“students needed to learn how to write more fluently, and school curriculums, tied closely to the demands of industry,”可知，学生需要提升写作能力，学校课程需要顺应产业的新需求而改变调整。 【58题详解】 考查形容词。句意：语言学家Naomi S. Baron说：“如果你想要思考、理解、学习事物，文本确实是更可取的方式。”A. preferable更合适的、更可取的；B. memorable难忘的；C. noticeable引人注意的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“Besides, teachers discovered that writing itself deepened knowledge.”可知，写作能够加深理解，说明文本对于思考学习是更好的选择。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：修改是一种自我批评和自我提升的实践，如果寻求反馈，也可以是社会性的。A. mistake错误；B. refusal拒绝；C. feedback反馈；D. proposal提议。根据上文“Revision is a practice of self-critique and self-improvement, and can be social,”可知，修改可以是社会性的，即需要与其他人交流，即向他人征求意见、获取反馈。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它甚至可以是治愈的，这就是为什么心理学家有时建议写日记。A. effective有效的；B. academic学术的；C. complicated复杂的；D. healing治愈的。根据下文“which is why psychologists sometimes suggest keeping a journal.”可知，心理学上推荐写日记，说明写作具备心理治愈的效果。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) At a warehouse in an industrial corner of Queens, books of all shapes, sizes and colors fly across a series of moving belts before being placed into shipping containers destined for 150 library branches across New York City. It’s a symphony of bar codes and book numbers, taking place under the watchful eye of an unlikely conductor: Salvatore Magaddino, 65, a onetime Police Department captain and now the head of the logistics department of BookOps. BookOps is a collaboration between the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library systems, an operation that sorts and sends books from branch to branch. The process includes organizing and cataloging the systems’ books so that when a customer requests a book that isn’t on the shelves at their location, Magaddino’s team can usually deliver it by the next day. Magaddino joined the library system in 2006 after nearly two decades with the Police Department. By then, he had responded to many crime scenes, and it was becoming “gloom and doom all the time,” he said.“I wanted to like humanity again; I wanted to see New Yorkers in a different way. I needed to feel good about life and what I did again.” In 2013, after the financial crisis of 2008, the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library decided to combine their logistics systems, with Mr. Magaddino helping to oversee the transition. And while the work can be stressful, Mr. Magaddino said, he does bring a perspective from his former life as a cop.“We talk about crises, and, you know, I tone them down because there’s nobody dead in the street,” he said. “So it’s not a crisis for us.” Mr. Magaddino said that after missing countless rituals and events as his three children grew up, he wanted to be more present for his grandchildren. “I’ve been in this game 24/7 since I’m 21 years old — not that I don’t love what I do,” Mr. Magaddino said. “But I’ve got three grandkids that I never had before, and I don’t want to miss any of their birthday parties or school plays or anything like that.” 61. BookOps is mainly designed to ________. A. catalog books so that every branch can keep a complete collection B. make requested books available to readers across the two library systems C. reduce library costs by cutting the number of books selected and paid for D. provide next-day delivery for books at a reader’s local branch 62. What does the underlined phrase “gloom and doom” most probably mean? A. negativity B. danger C. routine D. boredom 63. What can be inferred about Magaddino’s police experience? A. It made him less willing to deal with stressful situations. B. It taught him to treat every workplace problem as an emergency. C. It helped him view problems at BookOps in a calmer way. D. It encouraged him to introduce police-style rules into libraries. 64. Why has Magaddino decided to retire? A. He has become tired of working with books. B. He wants to spend more time with his grandchildren. C. He believes BookOps no longer needs his help. D. He plans to return to the Police Department. 【答案】61. B 62. A 63. C 64. B 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了曾任职警队的马加迪诺转行负责图书馆图书调配项目BookOps，他凭借过往从警经历从容应对工作压力，也希望多陪伴孙辈的故事。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“BookOps is a collaboration between the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library systems, an operation that sorts and sends books from branch to branch. The process includes organizing and cataloging the systems’ books so that when a customer requests a book that isn’t on the shelves at their location, Magaddino’s team can usually deliver it by the next day. (BookOps是纽约公共图书馆与布鲁克林公共图书馆两大图书馆系统的合作项目，负责在各个分馆之间分拣、调配图书。这项工作包含图书整理与编目。这样一来，当读者想要借阅的书籍在当地分馆的书架上没有时，马加迪诺的团队通常可以在第二天就把书送到。)”可知，BookOps是两大图书馆系统的合作项目，分馆之间调配图书，为两个图书馆系统的读者提供所需书籍。 【62题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Magaddino joined the library system in 2006 after nearly two decades with the Police Department. By then, he had responded to many crime scenes, and it was becoming ‘gloom and doom all the time,’ he said.‘I wanted to like humanity again; I wanted to see New Yorkers in a different way. I needed to feel good about life and what I did again.’ (马加迪诺在警局工作了近二十年后，于2006年加入图书馆系统。他说，那时他出过无数犯罪现场，眼前所见一直都是gloom and doom。‘我想重新对人性抱有好感，想用不一样的眼光看待纽约市民。我想要重新对生活、对自己做的事抱有好感。’)”可知，他长期接触犯罪现场，每天面对负面的事物，所以他想重新感受人性的美好、换个方式认识纽约人，可见这个短语指代警察工作长期接触的负面、压抑的事物，对应选项A。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“And while the work can be stressful, Mr. Magaddino said, he does bring a perspective from his former life as a cop.‘We talk about crises, and, you know, I tone them down because there’s nobody dead in the street,’ he said. ‘So it’s not a crisis for us.’ (马加迪诺说，这份工作虽然也会有压力，但从前当警察的经历给了他不一样的看待问题的视角。‘我们会讨论各种棘手状况，但是我会放平心态，毕竟这里不会有人倒在街头，’他说，‘所以这些对我们来说算不上危机。’)”可知，马加迪诺说自己会用当警察的经历看淡工作里的所谓“危机”——毕竟没有街头伤亡事件，这些事根本算不上危机，可见从警经历帮他更冷静地看待BookOps的工作问题。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mr. Magaddino said that after missing countless rituals and events as his three children grew up, he wanted to be more present for his grandchildren. ‘I’ve been in this game 24/7 since I’m 21 years old — not that I don’t love what I do,’ Mr. Magaddino said. ‘But I’ve got three grandkids that I never had before, and I don’t want to miss any of their birthday parties or school plays or anything like that.’ (马加迪诺说，当初养育三个孩子的时候，他错过了许许多多重要的活动与时刻，现在他想多陪伴自己的孙辈。‘我从21岁起就一直在连轴转地工作，不是说我不热爱这份工作，’马加迪诺说，‘但我现在有三个孙辈了，我不想再错过他们任何一场生日派对、校园演出，或是类似的任何活动。’)”可知，马加迪诺过去因为工作错过了孩子成长的很多重要时刻，现在不想错过孙辈的生日派对、校园演出等活动，想要多陪伴孙辈。 (B) The New York Times Sometimes sleep advice can feel like a lot of what not to do. Don’t drink coffee after 2 p.m. Avoid your phone for at least 30 minutes before bed. Never sleep in. But there are rules and then there is reality, and we wanted to understand how people were actually spending the final moments of their days. Consistent evening routines, including keeping regular bedtimes and engaging in calming activities like meditation and breathing exercises, have been shown to improve sleep quality. Last month, we asked readers to tell us about their nightly habits. More than 1,100 people responded. Some of our favorite submissions revealed tiny and tender moments with partners (or plants), wholesome hobbies and ways to say goodbye to today and make tomorrow a little easier. Here they are, edited lightly for length and clarity. I like to polish (擦亮) my kitchen countertops with a green-apple-smelling cleaner. There’s something relaxing about seeing the liquid hitting the counter and the smell of fresh green apples hitting your nostrils. It just completes my day. Art Rosales, 55, Ventura, Calif. I have trained myself to use Sudoku (数独) to quiet my anxious mind and put me to sleep. I’ve done this for so long that I can just think about the numbers one through nine and get sleepy. Marissa Dickson, 45, Orlando, Fla. After getting ready for bed, I walk around my house and talk to my plants. I see if they need water, have any new growth, need a little fertilizer. I’ll often share my worries or hopes for the next day with them. It helps me find some peace before getting into bed. Billy Farrell, 34, Anchorage. My husband and I listen to audiobooks before falling asleep. Because their magic works better on me (I fall asleep instantly), he repeats the story from last night and asks if I remember. I say yes. We both know that’s not true. Michala Whitmore, 30, Pueblo, Colo. 65. Why did the writers ask readers about their nightly habits? A. To test whether common sleep rules actually work. B. To find out how people really spend the end of their day. C. To compare the effects of different bedtime activities. D. To urge readers to develop regular sleeping schedules. 66. What does the passage suggest about bedtime routines? A. They work best when based on expert recommendations. B. They should focus mainly on preparing for the following day. C. They are more likely to ensure better sleep when followed regularly. D. They should be adjusted according to changes in people’s daily schedules. 67. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. The submissions were left unchanged to preserve their original meaning. B. Both Art Rosales and Billy Farrell use simple everyday activities to wind down before bed. C. Michala Whitmore’s husband tests her on the previous night’s story to check how well she slept. D. Marissa Dickson has used Sudoku for so long that it has gradually lost its effect on her. 【答案】65. B 66. C 67. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍《纽约时报》征集读者睡前习惯，分享多样温馨的睡前活动，展现真实的晚间睡前时光。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But there are rules and then there is reality, and we wanted to understand how people were actually spending the final moments of their days. (有睡眠准则，也有现实情况，我们想了解人们实际上如何度过一天最后的时光)”可知，作者想弄清人们如何度过一天最后的时光。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Consistent evening routines, including keeping regular bedtimes and engaging in calming activities like meditation and breathing exercises, have been shown to improve sleep quality. (坚持晚间固定习惯，如固定就寝时间、静心活动，已证实可以改善睡眠质量)”可知，规律坚持睡前习惯更利于优质睡眠。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第一行“I like to polish (擦亮) my kitchen countertops with a green-apple-smelling cleaner.(我喜欢用青苹果味的清洁剂擦亮我的厨房台面)”以及第三行“After getting ready for bed, I walk around my house and talk to my plants.(准备睡觉后，我在家里走来走去，和我的植物聊天)”可知，两人都用简单日常的活动来放松身心。 (C) Are you committed to your company or your team? Humans are conditioned to form attachment extremely quickly, a type of behaviour sometimes called the “minimal group effect”. In a famous series of experiments, a social psychologist called Henri Tajfel found that you can divide strangers into groups on totally arbitrary grounds — how good they are at estimating the number of dots on a chart, say, or how much they like a certain type of abstract art, or even just on the basis of a coin toss — and they will immediately start to favour members of their own group when then asked to distribute rewards. If people are prepared to start dividing the world into “us” and “them” based on whether someone likes Mondrian, it’s no surprise that they form strong identities and loyalties based on where they go to work every day. One of the small diversions of office life is watching to see how quickly joiners start using the word “we” to refer to their new employer: it’s usually instantaneous and occasionally takes place during the interview. But if you work for a large enough company, you do not belong only to the organization. You have “nested identities”: you are also a member of a department, and of a team within that department, and perhaps of smaller groups as well. These other-in-groups can really matter. That ought not to be a huge surprise. Familiarity and shared routines bind people from a specific team together. Identities at work also depend largely on which department you are in. If you are at a staff event for Widget & Sons and a colleague asks what you do, you don’t say “I work for Widget & Sons” but tell them which group you work in. Identifying with a sub-group is not necessarily bad. It makes perfect sense for organizations to divide labour up among departments. A bit of friendly competition between teams can be useful. But a strong sense of group identity can also impede co-operation across the wider organization. It becomes natural to blame the general uselessness of other departments if things go wrong. Budget allocations are framed as victories and losses. Information may well be hoarded in silos rather than shared. A paper by Jeanine Pieternel Porck of Oklahoma State University and her co-authors finds, for example, that a strong sense of group identification is associated with reduced interpretation of an organization’s strategy. Executives must therefore address close team bonds with commitment to the whole organization. An experiment involving Manchester United supporters illustrates how this might be achieved. Mark Levine and his colleagues first reminded participants of their identity as United fans. The participants were then more likely to help someone wearing a United shirt than someone wearing a Liverpool shirt or a plain top. In a second experiment, participants were encouraged to think of themselves more broadly as football fans. They then became equally willing to help people wearing either United or Liverpool shirts. Although the experiment was not watertight, it demonstrated that broadening people’s sense of identity can encourage co-operation beyond their immediate group. 68. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “minimal group effect”? A. Students randomly assigned to two teams offer more support to members of their team. B. Employees who have worked together for years develop strong loyalty to one another. C. Family members offer enduring support to one another because of their biologic ties. D. Friends are more willing to help one another because of their close personal relationships. 69. Why does the author mention the example of Widget & Sons? A. To explain why large companies divide employees into different groups. B. To show that employees often identify more closely with their particular work group. C. To suggest that employees find it difficult to describe their responsibilities. D. To emphasize the importance of communication between different departments. 70. What is a potential risk brought about by strong “nested identities”? A. They may make departments compete for more skilled employees. B. They may weaken shared understanding across the organization. C. They may encourage friendly competition between different teams. D. They may cause employees to lose interest in the success of their own teams. 71. What will the author most likely discuss following the Manchester United experiment? A. How to apply football supporters’ loyalty to business competition B. How to promote employees’ “nested identities” in the workplace C. How to redistribute budgets without performance-based criteria D. How to strengthen employees’ identification with the wider organization 【答案】68. A 69. B 70. B 71. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了最简群体效应，解释大企业员工存在嵌套式身份认同，分析强烈小团队认同的弊端，并借助球迷实验说明拓宽身份认知、促进组织整体协作的思路。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Humans are conditioned to form attachment extremely quickly, a type of behaviour sometimes called the ‘minimal group effect’. In a famous series of experiments, a social psychologist called Henri Tajfel found that you can divide strangers into groups on totally arbitrary grounds — how good they are at estimating the number of dots on a chart, say, or how much they like a certain type of abstract art, or even just on the basis of a coin toss — and they will immediately start to favour members of their own group when then asked to distribute rewards. (人类受习性影响，会极快地建立归属感，这种行为模式有时被称为‘最简群体效应’。在一组著名实验中，社会心理学家亨利·泰弗尔发现：哪怕仅凭完全随机的标准把陌生人分组——比如估算图表上圆点数量的准确度、对某一类抽象艺术的喜好程度，甚至只是抛硬币的结果——当被要求分配奖励时，人们立刻就会偏向自己组内的成员。)”可知，“最简群体效应”指人们完全依据任意随机的标准划分群体后，立刻就会偏向自己所属群体。A选项“被随机分到两个小组里的学生会给予本组组员更多的支持。”符合“最简群体效应”的描述。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But if you work for a large enough company, you do not belong only to the organization. You have ‘nested identities’: you are also a member of a department, and of a team within that department, and perhaps of smaller groups as well. These other-in-groups can really matter. (但如果你就职于规模足够大的企业，你归属的就不只是这家公司。你拥有‘嵌套式身份认同’：你同时属于某个部门、部门下的某个团队，或许还有更小的圈子。这些次级内群体，影响力不容小觑。)”及第五段中“Identities at work also depend largely on which department you are in. If you are at a staff event for Widget & Sons and a colleague asks what you do, you don’t say ‘I work for Widget & Sons’ but tell them which group you work in. (职场身份认同很大程度上也取决于你所属的部门。如果你参加Widget & Sons公司的全员活动，有同事问你是做什么的，你一般不会只说‘我在Widget & Sons上班’，而是会告诉对方自己隶属于哪个小组。)”可知，第五段提到Widget & Sons的例子是为了佐证前文的观点：员工的工作身份很大程度上取决于自己所在的具体部门，往往对自己的小工作群体认同感更强。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“But if you work for a large enough company, you do not belong only to the organization. You have ‘nested identities’: you are also a member of a department, and of a team within that department, and perhaps of smaller groups as well. These other-in-groups can really matter. (但如果你就职于规模足够大的企业，你归属的就不只是这家公司。你拥有‘嵌套式身份认同’：你同时属于某个部门、部门下的某个团队，或许还有更小的圈子。这些次级内群体，影响力不容小觑。)”及第六段中“But a strong sense of group identity can also impede co-operation across the wider organization. It becomes natural to blame the general uselessness of other departments if things go wrong. Budget allocations are framed as victories and losses. Information may well be hoarded in silos rather than shared. A paper by Jeanine Pieternel Porck of Oklahoma State University and her co-authors finds, for example, that a strong sense of group identification is associated with reduced interpretation of an organization’s strategy. (但强烈的小群体身份认同，也会阻碍整个大公司内部的协作。一旦出了问题，人们很容易下意识地指责其他部门一无是处；预算分配会被看成一场输赢博弈；信息会被各个部门囤积、封闭，而不是共享。例如，俄克拉荷马州立大学的珍妮娜·皮耶特内尔·波尔克及其合著者发表的一篇论文指出：强烈的小群体认同感，会降低员工对公司整体战略的理解程度。)”可知，“嵌套式身份认同”指员工对小团队的强烈认同，会阻碍跨部门协作、信息封闭、降低对公司战略的理解，也就是削弱整个组织的共识。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Executives must therefore address close team bonds with commitment to the whole organization. An experiment involving Manchester United supporters illustrates how this might be achieved. Mark Levine and his colleagues first reminded participants of their identity as United fans. The participants were then more likely to help someone wearing a United shirt than someone wearing a Liverpool shirt or a plain top. In a second experiment, participants were encouraged to think of themselves more broadly as football fans. They then became equally willing to help people wearing either United or Liverpool shirts. Although the experiment was not watertight, it demonstrated that broadening people’s sense of identity can encourage co-operation beyond their immediate group. (因此管理层需要在维系紧密团队纽带的同时，引导员工忠于整个组织。一项以曼联球迷为对象的实验，展示了实现这一点的思路。马克·莱文和同事先引导受试者强化‘曼联球迷’这个身份。这时，受试者更愿意帮助身穿曼联球衣的人，而不是穿利物浦球衣或是普通上衣的人。而在第二个实验中，研究者引导受试者从更宽泛的视角，把自己看作足球爱好者。这时，他们愿意同等地帮助身穿曼联或者利物浦球衣的人。尽管这个实验并非毫无漏洞，但它证明：拓宽人们的身份认知，能够推动小圈子之外的合作。)”可知，曼联球迷的实验证明：拓宽人们的身份认知，可以让人们跳出小圈子去和更广泛的群体合作，这个实验是用来说明企业管理者要平衡小团队联结和对整个公司的归属感，因此接下来最可能展开讲如何增强员工对整个大组织的身份认同。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. How to study when you don’t feel like it There are days when studying feels almost impossible. You sit at your desk, open your textbook, and somehow find yourself checking your phone five minutes later. You know you have an exam coming, but you simply do not feel like studying. ____72____. If you wait until you feel motivated, you may end up doing very little. A better approach is to accept that you do not need to feel ready before you begin. One useful strategy is to make the first step ridiculously small. Open your book, read one page, or answer three questions. This removes some of the psychological pressure that comes with a large task. Once you start, you may discover that continuing is easier than expected. ____73____ If your phone is next to you, your brain has to repeatedly resist the temptation to check it. Instead, put your phone in another room or turn off unnecessary notifications. Another important point is to stop judging yourself for not feeling motivated. Many students waste even more time feeling guilty about wasting time. But negative self-talk rarely creates useful motivation. ____74____ Once you understand the reason, you can choose a better solution. Finally, remember that consistency matters more than intensity. You do not need to have a highly productive day every day. ____75____ Read five pages, review ten vocabulary words, or solve a few practice questions. Small efforts may seem insignificant, but they add up over time. A. It is often claimed that motivation often comes before action. B. Instead, try to identify what is holding you back from doing the work. C. On difficult days, your goal can simply be to keep the habit of studying alive. D. It also helps to make studying easier and distractions harder. E. The problem is that motivation is unreliable. F. Small changes in daily habits can lead to a noticeable increase in productivity. 【答案】72. E 73. D 74. B 75. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了当没有学习动力时，几种实用的学习方法，包括从小步骤入手、远离干扰、不自我否定、保持持续学习。 【72题详解】 上文“You know you have an exam coming, but you simply do not feel like studying.(你知道马上有考试，但就是不想学习)”描述了缺乏学习动力的现状，下文“If you wait until you feel motivated, you may end up doing very little.(如果你等到有动力再学，最后可能几乎什么都做不了)”说明等待动力再行动的弊端。E选项“问题是动力是不可靠的”先点明动力本身不稳定这个核心问题，衔接前文没有学习动力的困境，顺理成章引出下文不要坐等动力、直接开始行动的观点，符合语境。 【73题详解】 下文“If your phone is next to you, your brain has to repeatedly resist the temptation to check it. Instead, put your phone in another room or turn off unnecessary notifications. (如果手机在旁边，大脑要一直抵抗看手机的诱惑。相反，把手机放到别的房间或者关掉通知)”介绍减少手机干扰的具体做法。D选项“使学习更容易，分心更难也是有帮助的”引出下文管控干扰源的具体措施，开启本段关于抵御分心的论述，符合语境。 【74题详解】 上文“But negative self-talk rarely creates useful motivation. (但是消极的自我对话几乎不会带来有效的动力)”说明自责没有用处，不应该自我否定；下文“Once you understand the reason, you can choose a better solution.(一旦找到原因，你就能选出更好的解决办法)”强调找到背后原因的重要性。B选项“相反，试着找出是什么阻碍你完成学习任务”，用instead和上文“消极自我评判”形成转折，从不要自责过渡到寻找阻碍学习的根源，呼应下文找到原因再解决，符合语境。 【75题详解】 本段中心句是“Finally, remember that consistency matters more than intensity.(最后，请记住，坚持比高强度更重要)”；上文“You do not need to have a highly productive day every day. (你不需要每一天都高效学习)”提出不必强求每日高效率；下文“Read five pages, review ten vocabulary words, or solve a few practice questions.(读五页书、复习十个单词或者做几道练习题)”列举轻松、低负荷的学习任务。C选项“状态不好的时候，你的目标可以仅仅是维持学习习惯”承接上文不必追求高效，引出下文这些简单、用来保住学习习惯的小任务，贴合本段重在持续的主旨，符合语境。 第二卷 IV. Phrase Translation(10') Directions: Complete the sentences with phrases from U1！ 76. We ________ (与……相处很好) our new neighbors last year.(根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】got on well with##got along well with 【解析】 【详解】句意：去年我们和新邻居相处很好。“与……相处很好”使用动词短语get on/along well with，根据时间状语last year可知，句子使用一般过去时，get的过去式是got。 77. Li Wenwen, 44, a former student, said she ________ (编辑视频片段) and letters from former classmates — now spread across Beijing, Tianjin and overseas — to present them to her former teacher. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】had edited video clips 【解析】 【详解】句意：44岁的李文文是一名往届学生，她说，她已经编辑好了往届同学们的视频片段和信件，同学们如今分布在北京、天津以及海外各地，她准备把这些送给昔日的老师。“编辑”用动词edit，主句谓语said是一般过去时；“编辑”这个动作发生在“说”之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时had edited；“视频片段”用固定搭配video clips。 78. When Tom was in high school, ________ (他一贯) to stay up late preparing for exams. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】it was typical of him 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆上高中的时候，他一贯熬夜备考。固定句型It is/was typical of sb. to do sth.意为“某人一贯 / 向来做某事”，从句谓语动词为was，此处时态需保持一致用一般过去时，故填it was typical of him。 79. The director Kevin Macdonald was interested in ________(制作一个数字时间胶囊) for the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】making a digital time capsule 【解析】 【详解】句意：导演凯文·麦克唐纳热衷于为未来制作一个数字时间胶囊。“制作”make，“一个数字时间胶囊”a digital time capsule，介词in后面需要接动名词形式作宾语。 80. A rescue team dispatched by the Sichuan Fire and Rescue Brigade ________ (已抵达现场) to carry out search-and-rescue operations after a mudslide struck near Zhiliuhui village. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】has arrived at the scene 【解析】 【详解】句意：在直六惠村附近发生泥石流后，四川消防救援大队派出的一支救援队已抵达现场开展搜救工作。“抵达现场”用arrive at the scene，语境强调动作已经发生、对现在有影响，主语A rescue team是单数，用现在完成时has arrived。 81. ________ (不为自己的情绪感到羞愧) allows you to accept yourself more fully. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Not feeling ashamed of your own emotions 【解析】 【详解】句意：不为自己的情绪感到羞愧，能让你更全然地接纳自己。“为……感到羞愧”的固定搭配是feel ashamed of，“自己的情绪”表达为your own emotions，句子缺少主语部分，需要把动词短语转化为动名词结构作主语，否定词not放在动名词前即可。 82. The 4×100-meter relay is the ________ (主要赛事) of this year’s school sports meeting. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】main event 【解析】 【详解】句意：4×100米接力赛是今年校运动会的主要赛事。“主要赛事”main event，主语是relay，表语也使用单数形式。 83. Although they came from very different backgrounds, they soon discovered that they ________ (有很多共同点). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】had a lot in common 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管他们背景迥异，但他们很快发现彼此有很多共同点。have a lot in common是固定搭配，意为“有很多共同点”，主句为一般过去时，宾语从句时态需保持一致，因此把have变为过去式had。 84. Culture means a way of life for a particular group of people. The program is designed to provide support for ________ (某一特定的人群). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】a particular group of people 【解析】 【详解】句意：文化是特定人群的生活方式。这个项目旨在为某一特定的人群提供支持。“一群人”a group of people，“特定的”particular，作定语，修饰group，a particular group of people作宾语。 85. ________ (从商业的视角perspective), China has become one of the world’s most important growth markets. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】From a commercial perspective 【解析】 【详解】句意：从商业的视角来看，中国已经成为全球最重要的增长市场之一。“从……角度看”使用介词短语from a ... perspective，作状语，“商业的”使用形容词commercial，from置于句首，首字母大写。 V. Translation (3'+3'+4'+5'=15') 86. 人们普遍认为，我们很快会再次经历今年的极端高温。(before) (汉译英) ________________________________ 【答案】 It is widely believed that it won’t be long before we experience this year’s extreme high temperature again. 【解析】 【详解】“人们普遍认为”表达为It is widely believed that...，It作形式主语，替代真正主语（that引导的从句）。结合提示词before，“很快会”用固定句式it won’t be long before...，意为“没过多久就会……”。before从句的主语为we(我们)；“再次”用again表示；“经历”表达为experience；“极端高温”表达为extreme high temperature。before引导时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”规则，主句it won’t be用一般将来时，从句we experience...用一般现在时表将来含义。 87. 第二节课后到操场集合已经成为一种日常惯例。(routine) (汉译英) ________________________________ 【答案】It has become a daily routine to gather on the playground after the second class. 【解析】 【详解】“成为”可用动词become，“一种日常惯例”可用名词短语a daily routine，“到操场集合”可用动词短语gather on the playground，“第二节课后”可用介词短语after the second class；句子描述“集合成为惯例”是从过去持续到现在的事实，对现在产生影响，时态用现在完成时；主语“第二节课后到操场集合”过长，为避免头重脚轻，宜用it作形式主语，用不定式作真正的主语。 88. 李老师知识面广博且乐于回答学生的问题，被称为“行走的字典”。(refer) (汉译英) ________________________________ 【答案】Mr. Li, who has extensive knowledge and is willing to answer students’ questions, is referred to as “a walking dictionary”. 【解析】 【详解】“知识面广博”可用动词短语have extensive knowledge，“乐于做某事”可用形容词短语be willing to do，“回答学生的问题”可用动词短语answer students’ questions，“被称为”可用动词短语refer to… as的被动形式be referred to as，“行走的字典”可用名词短语a walking dictionary；句子可看作描述当前的一般情况，时态用一般现在时，整个句子中“知识面广博且乐于回答学生的问题”可用who引导的非限制性定语从句表示，修饰先行词“李老师”。 89. 近年来，中国在电力系统方面取得了重大进展，有效支持了经济和社会的发展，同时也满足了人民的基本需求。(in terms of) (汉译英) ________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, China has made significant progress in terms of the electric power system, effectively supporting the economic and social development and meeting the basic needs of the people. 【解析】 【详解】“近年来”表达为in recent years，是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，因此时态用现在完成时，“取得重大进展”表达为make significant progress，“在电力系统方面”可用in terms of the electric power system，“有效支持了经济和社会的发展，同时也满足了人民的基本需求”是谓语行为带来的结果，可用现在分词作结果状语，“有效支持”可用副词effectively和动词support搭配，“经济和社会的发展”可用名词短语the economic and social development，“满足……的基本需求”可用动词短语meet the basic needs of，“人民”可用名词people。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $