精品解析：上海市光明中学2026-2027学年第一学期第一次阶段调研高一年级英语试题

2026学年第一学期光明中学第一次阶段调研 高一年级英语试卷 （考试时间：100分钟，满分120分） I. Listening Comprehension （25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At home. B. In a school. C. In a lecture hall. D. In a restaurant. 2. A. $50. B. $100. C. $150. D. $200. 3. A. He will help the woman to read the tourist map. B. He will show the woman around the palace. C. He will follow the woman to the main gate of the palace. D. He will show the woman the way to the gate. 4. A. The summers are even hotter in Hong Kong. B. He wishes that he were in Hong Kong last summer. C. It is difficult to compare the summers in different places. D. Hong Kong is the hottest place in the world. 5. A. The woman gave the ticket to the man. B. The woman went to see the comedy. C. The man didn’t go to see the comedy. D. The woman had two tickets. 6. A. At least, she enjoys her college life. B. College life hasn’t changed much since last year. C. She has many new friends. D. It is easier to find her way around this year. 7. A. He was an interesting guy. B. He deserved the title. C. He was very lucky to win the honor. D. His life was different from other people’s. 8. A. It will be an excellent facility in the neighbourhood. B. It isn’t needed. C. It should be built quickly. D. It is time to go swimming. 9. A. The woman insists on going out. B. The man promised her a gift on her birthday. C. The man is too tired to go out. D. The woman prefers to stay at home on their wedding anniversary. 10. A. She used to be thinner. B. She doesn’t eat much. C. She knows how to dress herself. D. She seems to have lost weight. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because there are so many people and cars around you. B. Because the taxi driver talks to you all the time. C. Because the voice of a famous person gives you warning messages frequently. D. Because singers or sports announcers tell you what to do in person. 12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000. C. About 11,000. D. Less than 10,000. 13. A. The driver will lose his job. B. The passengers will complain. C. The driver will be punished financially. D. The driver will be awarded 100 dollars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because they have advanced knowledge. B. Because they are flexible to change. C. Because they can find different jobs easily. D. Because they work in big companies. 15. A. People who have different skills. B. People who are good at communication. C. People who have received technical training. D. People who have rich work experience. 16. A. The comparison between social sciences and technical sciences B. Strategies for landing a job easily. C. Social science majors’ advantages. D. The features of the current job market. Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear one longer conversation, and you will be asked four questions on it. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. His new job is near his home. B. He is used to the new workplace. C. He has a higher salary now. D. He is tired of the new job. 18. A. Because she likes living in the suburbs. B. Because she can afford it. C. Because her parents will live in Shanghai. D. Because her parents will pay a short visit to her. 19. A. He joined a bridge competition. B. He read a novel. C. He discussed a new book with neighbours. D. He looked for fun activities. 20. A. Tony enjoys the time he spends on the subway. B. Jane has decided to buy a small apartment in Tony’s neighbourhood. C. Jane’s parents don’t like living with young people. D. Tony’s home is close to the metro station. II. Grammar and Vocabulary. （15分） Section A Directions: Name the grammatical function of the underlined parts. 1. He remains healthy after all these years. A. 状语 B. 宾语 C. 定语 D. 表语 2. There is no doubt that you will learn English well in senior high school. A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 主语 D. 状语 3. It struck me that his beard was a little whiter than it had been last year. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 4. The after-school clubs that the school sets up provide students with great chances. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 5. I thought again of my master in the second class who was so small that he seemed to be one of us. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. agreement B. aware C. communicating D. consider E. conflicts F. gap G. recognize H. reflection I. sharing J. thoughtful K. value The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be ____6____, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every ____7____ with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of ____8____ among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to ____9____ what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for ____10____. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with ____11____ among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show ____12____ between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be ____13____ of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should ____14____ their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing _____15_____ of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. III. Reading Comprehension （47分） Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always ____16____ to sit at the back of the classroom. All this ____17____ after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher ____18____ I should try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a(n) ____19____ idea because I didn’t have a good sense of balance. Nor did I have the team ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would laugh at me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “going for it,” I wouldn’t have decided to give a try. Taking the ____20____ to go to the tryouts was only the half of it! When I first started attending the practice sessions, I didn’t even know the rules of the game. Sometimes I would get ____21____ and take a shot at the wrong direction — which made me feel really stupid. ____22____, I wasn’t the only one “new” at the games, so I decided to ____23____ learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t know “just yet.” I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the ____24____ and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and exciting. Very soon the competitive part in me was winning over my ____25____ confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the process — friends who ____26____ my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun! With my improved self-confidence comes more ____27____ from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “____28____” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call ____29____ to myself, to raising my hand — even when I sometimes am not 100 percent ____30____ I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself. 16. A. hesitated B. chose C. declined D. turned 17. A. reflected B. remained C. changed D. ruined 18. A. admitted B. objected C. suggested D. considered 19. A. crazy B. funny C. interesting D. original 20. A. signal B. impression C. courage D. purpose 21. A. confused B. bored C. proud D. frightened 22. A. Particularly B. Currently C. Similarly D. Fortunately 23. A. glance at B. concentrate on C. apply for D. take on 24. A. rules B. structures C. features D. gestures 25. A. preference to B. overuse of C. lack of D. awareness of 26. A. experienced B. included C. involved D. respected 27. A. stress B. praise C. energy D. initiative 28. A. sealing B. lasting C. attracting D. hiding 29. A. attention B. authority C. defence D. damage 30. A. depressed B. regretful C. pleased D. sure Section B （32分） Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） My son, Toby,17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19. He is the first in our household to test positive, and all the information provided for people in this situation is designed for adults who are (or should be) concerned about protecting their families. Toby, obviously, cannot comprehend such advice. He cannot keep a distance from everybody else, or eat and wash in a separate room. We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation. Indeed. Not much we can do. So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVED-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. Not much we can do. My first reaction, after absorbing his diagnosis (诊断) , was to cook sausages. I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. Yes, it may now be inevitable that we’re going to contract the very virus we’ve spent a year avoiding, but as long as we don’t contract it at the same time, then, hopefully, one or other of us will be available to look after our kids (thus answering my five-year-old’s most pressing concern: “...but who will make the pudding?”). So, to minimise asymptomatic transmission, we’ve opened all the windows. And we’ve decided to wear face coverings whenever we are with Toby. This decision has been insignificant to him -- I imagine he literally cannot remember life before masks—but for me, it’s distressing. I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected. That it’s no longer a safe space. And so it was, when I sat down to write this column, that I ended up writing about COVID, which is probably the last thing you wanted to read. Sorry about that. COVID has coloured my thoughts today, even though I know that my wife and children will be fine, and that really we should just be grateful we haven’t passed it on to my grandmother. I predict there will be more sausages in the morning. 31. By repeating the sentence “Not much we can do” in paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________. A. he feels annoyed B. he is really helpless C. he wants professional support D. he needs to keep a distance from Toby 32. According to the writer, what did sausages bring to him? A. Sadness. B. Appetite. C. Concern. D. Relief. 33. Why did wearing masks at home cause distress to the writer? A. It discourages him from writing about COVID. B. It lets him remember the days before COVID-19. C. It is a reminder of what is happening to his family. D. It makes him feel at a loss for how to help his son. 34. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The diagnosis leaves the writer’s family in a tough spot. B. The writer is sure that his other kids won’t contract the virus. C. Being infected with COVID-19 makes Toby in a bad mood. D. Sausages have long been considered by many to be comfort food （B） What High School Is Like Around the World American news website BuzzFeed asked netizens to share what high school is like in their countries. Here’s how they described schooling around the world. Mishmash I’m Australian. Most, if not all, high schools in my country have a school uniform. We were not allowed to choose our own clothes except on free dress days. Food is not typically provided as part of schooling in Australia. We mostly either brought a packed lunch or bought food at the school canteen. And there was no lunchroom, although there were plenty of benches outside. I don’t remember there being noticeable cliques (小团体). Of course, there were groups of friends who stuck together with similar interests. sass2511 In Germany, school normally starts around 7:40 a.m. A period lasts 45 minutes, followed by a five-minute break. Most schools will have their “big break (15-20 minutes)” after the second period. Unless you have afternoon school, the school day usually ends after the sixth period, around 1 p.m. School uniforms aren’t really a thing, and for the most part, dress codes are not either. Obviously, you’re supposed to dress suitably, but no one gets sent home for wearing a spaghetti strap (细肩带) dress or yoga pants. @ sock cocker In the high school I attended in Finland, you are allowed to pick 25-30% of your curriculum (课程) based on what you’re interested in, but the rest are mandatory (必修的) courses (math, history, at least one foreign language, etc.), and it takes around three years to finish. During the last year of high school, you take nationally standardized tests in a few subjects. Those grades are considered when you’re applying to a university. Luthy_one I’m from Serbia (塞尔维亚). Here, high school classes are fixed; you don’t get to choose them for yourself. But you can choose to go to whichever school you want, no matter where you live. The bad side is that extracurricular activities are limited. If you want to take part in drama, music or sports, you have to join your local clubs outside school and pay a monthly fee. ilseoos81 In South Africa, we wear uniforms, bring our own lunches to school, and are more academically focused. The school year is from late January to mid-December, divided into four terms with short school holidays between each term. Most schools don’t have lockers, which are more of a private school thing. You have to carry your schoolbag from class to class with all your books for the day in it. 35. What is a common feature of high schools in Australia, according to Mishmash? A. Schools organize free dress days once a week. B. Schools provide free lunch in a big dining hall. C. Cliques based on interests are strictly discouraged. D. Students are allowed to have lunch outside the canteen. 36. According to sass2511, the second period in German schools usually starts at ________. A. 7:40 a.m. B. 8:25 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m. D. 8:45 a.m. 37. What can be concluded about high schools in Serbia based on Luthy_one’s description? A. Students are encouraged to live near their school. B. Students have plenty of free time due to little coursework. C. Extracurricular activities are mainly managed by schools at no cost. D. Students are free to choose their school but follow a set curriculum. 38. If Tom doesn’t want to follow strict dress codes, he would most likely choose to attend high school in ________. A. Australia B. Germany C. Finland D. South Africa （C） In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor. More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation. But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them. Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.” Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A.I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said. Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention. 39. Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3? A. It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs. B. It stores limitless data in its mathematical system. C. It can identify images and employ human language. D. It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns. 40. In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________. A. illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect B. warn programmers against technology C. show the process of slipping code into program D. explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches 41. What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3? A. He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies. B. He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain. C. He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A.I. research. D. He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction. 42. What’s the author’s attitude towards A.I.? A. Enthusiastic. B. Opposed. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. （D） Frederic Mishkin, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he’s standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office. It turns out, however, that Mishkin’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that’s absent from our words. It’s learning’s secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn. Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. “We change our minds by moving our hands,” writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls “mismatches” between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we’re moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we’re working on; we can’t yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement. Goldin-Meadow’s more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children’s speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they’d learned than classmates who did not gesture. 43. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ________. A. he could litter express his ideas that way B. he always pointed his finger at his professor C. his professor did not like his gesturing D. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking 44. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge? A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed. B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking. C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems. D. It reduces students’ reliance on teachers’ instruction. 45. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches? A. They can stimulate our creativity. B. Instructors should make full use of them. C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them. D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems. 46. What could be the best title of the passage? A. Hand Motions, a Second Language B. Gesturing: Signal of Understanding C. New Uses of Gesturing D. The Secret Code of Learning IV. Grammar Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. （8分） 47. This kind of shirt ________ (sell) well here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. In the past decades, great changes ________ (take) place all over the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. Did you predict that many students ___________ (sign) up for the dance competition? (所给词的适当形式填空) 50. She could see her face ________ (reflect) in the car’s windshield. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51. By the time you get back, I ________ (graduate) from high school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Shirley ______ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. Since twins ________ (occur) once in every 86 births, they have always been a source of curiosity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ (leave) his key at school. (所给词的适当形式填空) V. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the words in brackets. 55. Success is often ________ (company) by pressure. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56. ________ (expect), he won the first prize in the competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57. The ________ of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. (create) (所给词的适当形式填空) 58. It’s definitely wrong to take advantage of others’ ________ to reach your expected goal. (ignore) (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. When teenagers are under the pressure from their parents’ high expectations, they sometimes ________ (behavior) at school to release their negative emotions. (所给词的适当形式填空) VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given phrases. Each phrase can be used only once. Note that there is one more phrase than needed. （10分） 选词填空。 comment on get involved in hold (…) back refer to reflect on relate (…) to… 60. Since pay increases ________ productivity, the workers have improved their working efficiency. 61. Some Internet companies are worried that concerns about privacy are likely ________ the growth of cloud computing. 62. ________ school activities offers you great opportunity to meet new people. 63. When we talk about teenagers’ mental health, we usually ________ the great pressure that children suffer from their parents’ high expectations. 64. After the cross-cultural lecture came to an end, we ________ how cultural differences influenced people’s expression habits and thus learned to communicate with foreign friends in a more appropriate way. VII. Translation （10分） 65. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都不会放弃追求梦想。 _________________________, we will never give up pursuing our dreams. 66. 演出期间请确保手机关机。(sure) During the performance, please ___________________________. 67. 不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。（turn out, ignore）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________ 68. 孩子们的绘画作业里有创意和天马行空的想象。（shortage）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年第一学期光明中学第一次阶段调研 高一年级英语试卷 （考试时间：100分钟，满分120分） I. Listening Comprehension （25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At home. B. In a school. C. In a lecture hall. D. In a restaurant. 2. A. $50. B. $100. C. $150. D. $200. 3. A. He will help the woman to read the tourist map. B. He will show the woman around the palace. C. He will follow the woman to the main gate of the palace. D. He will show the woman the way to the gate. 4. A. The summers are even hotter in Hong Kong. B. He wishes that he were in Hong Kong last summer. C. It is difficult to compare the summers in different places. D. Hong Kong is the hottest place in the world. 5. A. The woman gave the ticket to the man. B. The woman went to see the comedy. C. The man didn’t go to see the comedy. D. The woman had two tickets. 6. A. At least, she enjoys her college life. B. College life hasn’t changed much since last year. C. She has many new friends. D. It is easier to find her way around this year. 7. A. He was an interesting guy. B. He deserved the title. C. He was very lucky to win the honor. D. His life was different from other people’s. 8. A. It will be an excellent facility in the neighbourhood. B. It isn’t needed. C. It should be built quickly. D. It is time to go swimming. 9. A. The woman insists on going out. B. The man promised her a gift on her birthday. C. The man is too tired to go out. D. The woman prefers to stay at home on their wedding anniversary. 10. A. She used to be thinner. B. She doesn’t eat much. C. She knows how to dress herself. D. She seems to have lost weight. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because there are so many people and cars around you. B. Because the taxi driver talks to you all the time. C. Because the voice of a famous person gives you warning messages frequently. D. Because singers or sports announcers tell you what to do in person. 12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000. C. About 11,000. D. Less than 10,000. 13. A. The driver will lose his job. B. The passengers will complain. C. The driver will be punished financially. D. The driver will be awarded 100 dollars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Because they have advanced knowledge. B. Because they are flexible to change. C. Because they can find different jobs easily. D. Because they work in big companies. 15. A. People who have different skills. B. People who are good at communication. C. People who have received technical training. D. People who have rich work experience. 16. A. The comparison between social sciences and technical sciences B. Strategies for landing a job easily. C. Social science majors’ advantages. D. The features of the current job market. Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear one longer conversation, and you will be asked four questions on it. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. His new job is near his home. B. He is used to the new workplace. C. He has a higher salary now. D. He is tired of the new job. 18. A. Because she likes living in the suburbs. B. Because she can afford it. C. Because her parents will live in Shanghai. D. Because her parents will pay a short visit to her. 19. A. He joined a bridge competition. B. He read a novel. C. He discussed a new book with neighbours. D. He looked for fun activities. 20. A. Tony enjoys the time he spends on the subway. B. Jane has decided to buy a small apartment in Tony’s neighbourhood. C. Jane’s parents don’t like living with young people. D. Tony’s home is close to the metro station. II. Grammar and Vocabulary. （15分） Section A Directions: Name the grammatical function of the underlined parts. 1. He remains healthy after all these years. A. 状语 B. 宾语 C. 定语 D. 表语 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这么多年过去了，他依然很健康。句中人称代词He是主语，remains为系动词，形容词healthy作表语，介词短语after all these years是时间状语。 2. There is no doubt that you will learn English well in senior high school. A. 谓语 B. 表语 C. 主语 D. 状语 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，你在高中会学好英语。 此句是there be句型，该句型为副词there置于句首的全倒装语序，真正的主语是后面的名词doubt，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。 3. It struck me that his beard was a little whiter than it had been last year. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我突然想到，他的胡子比去年白了一点。 It struck sb. that...是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的整个句子his beard was a little whiter than it had been last year是真正主语，属于主语从句。 4. The after-school clubs that the school sets up provide students with great chances. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：学校设立的课外俱乐部为学生提供很好的机会。划线部分that the school sets up修饰先行词the after-school clubs，that是关系代词，在从句中作宾语，这是定语从句。 5. I thought again of my master in the second class who was so small that he seemed to be one of us. A. 主语从句 B. 宾语从句 C. 状语从句 D. 定语从句 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我又想起了二班那位老师，他个子实在太矮小，看着简直就像是我们班的学生一样。划线部分是“so...that...(如此……以至于……)”引导的结果状语从句。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. agreement B. aware C. communicating D. consider E. conflicts F. gap G. recognize H. reflection I. sharing J. thoughtful K. value The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be ____6____, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every ____7____ with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of ____8____ among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to ____9____ what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for ____10____. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with ____11____ among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show ____12____ between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be ____13____ of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should ____14____ their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing _____15_____ of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】6. J 7. F 8. C 9. D 10. H 11. E 12. A 13. B 14. G 15. K 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在不同的文化背景中，沉默的意义不同。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：沉默可能是在深思熟虑，也可能是一个人无话可说时的空虚。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，thoughtful“深思熟虑的”是形容词，符合句意。故选J。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：沉默可能被一些文化团体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话填补每个空白。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，gap“空挡，缺口”是名词，符合句意。故选F。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国原住民珍视沉默，并认为沉默是人与人之间交流的基本部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要不及物动词的现在分词形式，作介词of的宾语，communicating“交流”是不及物动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，当一个来自这些文化的人在讲话时突然停止，这可能意味着该人希望听众在继续之前考虑所说的内容。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要及物动词，后面what has been said是它的宾语从句，consider“考虑”是及物动词，符合句意。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这些文化中，沉默是一种反思的呼唤。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，reflection“反思”是名词，符合句意。故选H。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：其他文化可能会以其他方式使用沉默，尤其是在处理人与人之间的冲突或权力不同的人之间的关系时。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，conflicts“冲突”是名词，符合句意。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如，俄罗斯人、法国人和西班牙人可能会用沉默来表示双方对讨论的主题达成一致。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，agreement“同意，达成一致”是名词，符合句意。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当护士和其他护理人员遇到患者可能正在经历的个人焦虑时，他们需要意识到沉默的可能含义。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，aware“意识到的”是形容词，符合句意。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：护士应该认识到他们自己的沉默的个人和文化结构，这样患者的沉默就不会被过早打断或被不必要地继续下去。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要动词，作谓语，recognize“意识到”是动词，符合句意。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：了解沉默的治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的患者。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，value“价值”是名词，符合句意。故选K。 III. Reading Comprehension （47分） Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always ____16____ to sit at the back of the classroom. All this ____17____ after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher ____18____ I should try out for the basketball team. At first I thought it was a(n) ____19____ idea because I didn’t have a good sense of balance. Nor did I have the team ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would laugh at me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on my “going for it,” I wouldn’t have decided to give a try. Taking the ____20____ to go to the tryouts was only the half of it! When I first started attending the practice sessions, I didn’t even know the rules of the game. Sometimes I would get ____21____ and take a shot at the wrong direction — which made me feel really stupid. ____22____, I wasn’t the only one “new” at the games, so I decided to ____23____ learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on myself for the things I didn’t know “just yet.” I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the ____24____ and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and exciting. Very soon the competitive part in me was winning over my ____25____ confidence. With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the process — friends who ____26____ my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never had so much fun! With my improved self-confidence comes more ____27____ from teachers and classmates. I have gone from “____28____” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call ____29____ to myself, to raising my hand — even when I sometimes am not 100 percent ____30____ I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself. 16. A. hesitated B. chose C. declined D. turned 17. A. reflected B. remained C. changed D. ruined 18. A. admitted B. objected C. suggested D. considered 19. A. crazy B. funny C. interesting D. original 20. A. signal B. impression C. courage D. purpose 21. A. confused B. bored C. proud D. frightened 22. A. Particularly B. Currently C. Similarly D. Fortunately 23. A. glance at B. concentrate on C. apply for D. take on 24. A. rules B. structures C. features D. gestures 25. A. preference to B. overuse of C. lack of D. awareness of 26. A. experienced B. included C. involved D. respected 27. A. stress B. praise C. energy D. initiative 28. A. sealing B. lasting C. attracting D. hiding 29. A. attention B. authority C. defence D. damage 30. A. depressed B. regretful C. pleased D. sure 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者原本害怕被关注、总躲在教室后排，在老师鼓励下参加篮球队选拔，历经磨炼收获自信，敢于主动表达自我。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：除非老师另外指定座位，否则我总是选择坐在教室后排。A. hesitated犹豫；B. chose选择；C. declined拒绝；D. turned转向。根据上文“I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”可知，作者不爱被关注，会主动选后排坐。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：在我加入一支运动队之后，这一切都改变了。A. reflected反映；B. remained保持；C. changed改变；D. ruined毁坏。根据下文“after I joined a sports team”以及最后一段“I have gone from “____” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call ____ to myself, to raising my hand”可知，作者从害怕关注到主动举手发言，情况发生了变化。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：事情始于一位老师建议我去参加篮球队选拔。A. admitted承认；B. objected反对；C. suggested建议；D. considered考虑。根据下文“I should try out for the basketball team”以及“idea”可知，此处是老师提出建议。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一开始我觉得这是个荒唐的想法，因为我平衡感不好。A. crazy荒唐的；B. funny好笑的；C. interesting有趣的；D. original原创的。根据下文“I didn’t have a good sense of balance. Nor did I have the team ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would laugh at me”可知，作者认为自己条件不足，觉得这个想法不切实际。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：鼓起勇气去参加选拔仅仅只是一半的挑战！A. signal信号；B. impression印象；C. courage勇气；D. purpose目的。根据第一段首句“I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”可知，作者原本害怕被众人关注，参加选拔需要鼓起勇气。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：有时候我会搞糊涂，朝着错误的方向投篮——这让我觉得自己十分笨拙。A. confused困惑的；B. bored无聊的；C. proud骄傲的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“take a shot at the wrong direction”可知，作者分不清方向，脑子很乱。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我不是赛场上唯一一个新手，所以我决定专心学习这项运动，在每一次训练课全力以赴，对于那些我暂时还不懂的内容不过分苛责自己。A. Particularly尤其；B. Currently目前；C. Similarly类似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上文“made me feel really stupid”以及下文“I wasn’t the only one ‘new’ at the games”可知，作者因出错感到难堪，但想到还有其他新人，觉得也没那么糟糕，还是幸运的。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：同上。A. glance at瞥一眼；B. concentrate on专心于；C. apply for申请；D. take on承担。根据下文“learning the game, do my best at each practice session”可知，作者打算集中精力学打球。 【24题详解】 考查名词。句意：我反复练习，很快就弄懂了规则和动作。A. rules规则；B. structures结构；C. features特征；D. gestures手势。根据第三段“When I first started attending the practice sessions, I didn’t even know the rules of the game.”可知，此处和一开始作者不知道规则形成呼应。 【25题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：很快，我内心的好胜心战胜了自己信心不足的状态。A. preference to偏爱；B. overuse of过度使用；C. lack of缺乏；D. awareness of意识到。根据第一段首句“I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”以及最后一段末句“Now I have more self-confidence in myself.”可知，此处是指作者逐渐战胜了内心的不自信。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着时间推移，我学会打球，还交到了朋友，他们尊重我刻苦努力、配合团队的付出。A. experienced经历；B. included包括；C. involved涉及；D. respected尊重。根据下文“my efforts to work hard and be a team player”可知，朋友们认可、尊重作者的努力。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：自信心不断提升的同时，我收获了老师和同学更多的赞扬。A. stress压力；B. praise赞扬；C. energy精力；D. initiative主动性。根据倒数第二段“With time, I learned how to play and made friends in the process”以及上文“improved self-confidence”可知，作者打球取得进步、性格变得自信，会得到他人夸奖。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：我已经从躲在教室后排、不想吸引别人的目光，变成主动举手，即便有时候我并不百分百确定自己的答案是正确的，我也会举手。A. sealing密封；B. lasting持续；C. attracting吸引；D. hiding躲藏。根据第一段末句“sit at the back of the classroom”可知，从前作者坐在后排躲避众人目光。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。A. attention注意力；B. authority权威；C. defence防御；D. damage损害。根据第一段首句“I didn’t like attention drawn to myself.”可知，作者以前不想把注意力引到自己身上。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。A. depressed沮丧的；B. regretful后悔的；C. pleased开心的；D. sure确定的。根据上文“raising my hand — even when I sometimes am not 100 percent”可知，此处是指对答案没有十足把握。 Section B （32分） Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） My son, Toby,17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19. He is the first in our household to test positive, and all the information provided for people in this situation is designed for adults who are (or should be) concerned about protecting their families. Toby, obviously, cannot comprehend such advice. He cannot keep a distance from everybody else, or eat and wash in a separate room. We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation. Indeed. Not much we can do. So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVED-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. Not much we can do. My first reaction, after absorbing his diagnosis (诊断) , was to cook sausages. I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. Yes, it may now be inevitable that we’re going to contract the very virus we’ve spent a year avoiding, but as long as we don’t contract it at the same time, then, hopefully, one or other of us will be available to look after our kids (thus answering my five-year-old’s most pressing concern: “...but who will make the pudding?”). So, to minimise asymptomatic transmission, we’ve opened all the windows. And we’ve decided to wear face coverings whenever we are with Toby. This decision has been insignificant to him -- I imagine he literally cannot remember life before masks—but for me, it’s distressing. I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected. That it’s no longer a safe space. And so it was, when I sat down to write this column, that I ended up writing about COVID, which is probably the last thing you wanted to read. Sorry about that. COVID has coloured my thoughts today, even though I know that my wife and children will be fine, and that really we should just be grateful we haven’t passed it on to my grandmother. I predict there will be more sausages in the morning. 31. By repeating the sentence “Not much we can do” in paragraph 2, the writer implies that ________. A. he feels annoyed B. he is really helpless C. he wants professional support D. he needs to keep a distance from Toby 32. According to the writer, what did sausages bring to him? A. Sadness. B. Appetite. C. Concern. D. Relief. 33. Why did wearing masks at home cause distress to the writer? A. It discourages him from writing about COVID. B. It lets him remember the days before COVID-19. C. It is a reminder of what is happening to his family. D. It makes him feel at a loss for how to help his son. 34. What can be concluded from the passage? A. The diagnosis leaves the writer’s family in a tough spot. B. The writer is sure that his other kids won’t contract the virus. C. Being infected with COVID-19 makes Toby in a bad mood. D. Sausages have long been considered by many to be comfort food 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者17个月的儿子确诊新冠后，令他们的生活变得非常糟糕。 【31题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话“We called 911, and the medic we spoke to agreed that the official guidance didn’t really apply to our situation.(我们拨打了911，与我们交谈的医生同意官方指导并不适用于我们的情况)”以及第二段第三、四句话“So, here we are, trapped within our four walls with a little baby infected with COVID-19, who continues to climb on us, spit in our faces, love us and hug us. It seems inevitable that we, and our elder son, are going to get COVID now. (所以，现在我们被困在四壁之内，身边有一个感染了新冠肺炎的婴儿，他继续爬到我们身上，口水躺到我们脸上，爱我们，拥抱我们。我们和大儿子现在感染新冠肺炎似乎是不可避免的)”可知，作者17个月的儿子确诊新冠后，由于孩子太小，他们没有办法和他保持安全的距离，家人无可避免地会被感染，所以“Not much we can do”这句话表明作者感到非常的无助。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“I didn’t even know that was my comfort food of choice. Perhaps an afternoon crisis would have caused a different cooking desire? Anyway, a full stomach helped me take stock. (我甚至都不知道这是我选择的安慰食品。也许下午的危机会引起不同的烹饪欲望？总之，饱腹有助于我进行评估)”可推知，作者选择烤香肠是一种安慰性食物，可以缓解他现在紧张的情绪。所以香肠带给他带来了宽慰。故选D。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“I’ve become accustomed to wearing masks in supermarkets and coffee shops, of course, but to actually walk around with half my face covered in my own house is quite another matter—it is telling me that my home has been infected, That it’s no longer a safe space.(当然，我已经习惯了在超市和咖啡店戴口罩，但实际上，在自己的房子里半遮着脸四处走动是另一回事——这告诉我，我的家已经感染了病毒，不再是一个安全的地方)”可知，在家戴口罩让作者烦恼的原因是，这提醒了他的家人正在发生什么。故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“My son, Toby, 17 months old, has just tested positive for COVID-19.(我17个月大的儿子托比刚刚检测出新冠肺炎呈阳性)”以及全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者的17个月大的儿子确诊新冠后，他们家的生活变得非常糟糕。所以从这篇文章中可以得出“这一诊断使作者的家人陷入困境”这个结论。故选A。 （B） What High School Is Like Around the World American news website BuzzFeed asked netizens to share what high school is like in their countries. Here’s how they described schooling around the world. Mishmash I’m Australian. Most, if not all, high schools in my country have a school uniform. We were not allowed to choose our own clothes except on free dress days. Food is not typically provided as part of schooling in Australia. We mostly either brought a packed lunch or bought food at the school canteen. And there was no lunchroom, although there were plenty of benches outside. I don’t remember there being noticeable cliques (小团体). Of course, there were groups of friends who stuck together with similar interests. sass2511 In Germany, school normally starts around 7:40 a.m. A period lasts 45 minutes, followed by a five-minute break. Most schools will have their “big break (15-20 minutes)” after the second period. Unless you have afternoon school, the school day usually ends after the sixth period, around 1 p.m. School uniforms aren’t really a thing, and for the most part, dress codes are not either. Obviously, you’re supposed to dress suitably, but no one gets sent home for wearing a spaghetti strap (细肩带) dress or yoga pants. @ sock cocker In the high school I attended in Finland, you are allowed to pick 25-30% of your curriculum (课程) based on what you’re interested in, but the rest are mandatory (必修的) courses (math, history, at least one foreign language, etc.), and it takes around three years to finish. During the last year of high school, you take nationally standardized tests in a few subjects. Those grades are considered when you’re applying to a university. Luthy_one I’m from Serbia (塞尔维亚). Here, high school classes are fixed; you don’t get to choose them for yourself. But you can choose to go to whichever school you want, no matter where you live. The bad side is that extracurricular activities are limited. If you want to take part in drama, music or sports, you have to join your local clubs outside school and pay a monthly fee. ilseoos81 In South Africa, we wear uniforms, bring our own lunches to school, and are more academically focused. The school year is from late January to mid-December, divided into four terms with short school holidays between each term. Most schools don’t have lockers, which are more of a private school thing. You have to carry your schoolbag from class to class with all your books for the day in it. 35. What is a common feature of high schools in Australia, according to Mishmash? A. Schools organize free dress days once a week. B. Schools provide free lunch in a big dining hall. C. Cliques based on interests are strictly discouraged. D. Students are allowed to have lunch outside the canteen. 36. According to sass2511, the second period in German schools usually starts at ________. A. 7:40 a.m. B. 8:25 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m. D. 8:45 a.m. 37. What can be concluded about high schools in Serbia based on Luthy_one’s description? A. Students are encouraged to live near their school. B. Students have plenty of free time due to little coursework. C. Extracurricular activities are mainly managed by schools at no cost. D. Students are free to choose their school but follow a set curriculum. 38. If Tom doesn’t want to follow strict dress codes, he would most likely choose to attend high school in ________. A. Australia B. Germany C. Finland D. South Africa 【答案】35. D 36. C 37. D 38. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了BuzzFeed网站征集网友分享各国高中的真实情况，分别介绍澳大利亚、德国、芬兰、塞尔维亚、南非高中在校服、课程、作息、课外活动等方面的不同特点。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mishmash部分“We mostly either brought a packed lunch or bought food at the school canteen. And there was no lunchroom, although there were plenty of benches outside.(我们大多自带便当或者在学校食堂买食物，学校没有餐厅，但是户外有很多长椅。)”可知，学生可以在食堂之外的户外区域用餐。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据sass2511部分“In Germany, school normally starts around 7:40 a.m. A period lasts 45 minutes, followed by a five-minute break.(德国学校通常早上7:40开始上课，一节课45分钟，之后休息5分钟。)”可知，第一节课7:40开始，持续45分钟到8:25，休息5分钟，第二节课8:30开始。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据Luthy_one部分“Here, high school classes are fixed; you don’t get to choose them for yourself. But you can choose to go to whichever school you want, no matter where you live.(在这里，塞尔维亚高中课程是固定的，学生不能自主选课。但是无论居住在哪里，学生都可以自由选择想去的学校。)”可知，学生可以自由择校，但是课程是固定设置的。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据sass2511部分“In Germany, school normally starts around 7:40 a.m.(德国学校通常早上7:40开始上课。)”以及“School uniforms aren’t really a thing, and for the most part, dress codes are not either. Obviously, you’re supposed to dress suitably, but no one gets sent home for wearing a spaghetti strap (细肩带) dress or yoga pants.(基本没有校服，大多也没有严格着装规范。显然，只要求穿着得体，不会因为穿着细肩带连衣裙或者瑜伽裤就被遣返回家。)”可知，德国高中没有严格着装规定，适合不想遵守严格着装规范的Tom。 （C） In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor. More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation. But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them. Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.” Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A.I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said. Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention. 39. Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3? A. It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs. B. It stores limitless data in its mathematical system. C. It can identify images and employ human language. D. It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns. 40. In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________. A. illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect B. warn programmers against technology C. show the process of slipping code into program D. explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches 41. What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3? A. He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies. B. He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain. C. He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A.I. research. D. He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction. 42. What’s the author’s attitude towards A.I.? A. Enthusiastic. B. Opposed. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. 【答案】39. C 40. A 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由旧金山的一个实验室OpenAI所展示的一个名为GPT-3的系统。这个系统被人工智能研究人员称为神经网络，它可以通过定位大量数字数据中的模式来学习技能。对此系统，不同的人发表了不同的看法。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat.(通过分析数千张猫的照片，它可以学会识别猫。)”和文章第二段“GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.(GPT-3就是一个例子。当它分析所有的数字文本时，它就构建了一个你可以称之为人类语言的数学地图——超过1750亿个数据点，这些数据点描述了我们如何将单词组合在一起。使用这张地图，它可以执行许多不同的任务，如撰写演讲稿、编写计算机程序和进行对话。)”可知，GPT-3可以识别图像并使用人类语言。故选C。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“But there are limitations.(但也有局限性。)”和“Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.(计算机程序员使用这项技术来创建可以将其插入到更大的程序中的代码的小片段，但更多的时候，他们必须编辑和调整它给他们的任何内容。)”可知，GPT-3还是有局限性的，它创建的代码并不是完全正确的，还需要程序员亲自编辑和调整，这说明GPT-3远非完美。故选A。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. ‘It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,’ he said. ‘But it still counts.’(尽管如此，Gopnik博士还是将这种系统描述为智能系统。他说：“它不像人类那样聪明。它就像一种不熟悉的智力形式。但它仍然很重要。”)”和第五段“Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. (戈普尼克博士和该领域的许多其他人都相信，他们正在走上一条制造机器的道路，这种机器可以做人类大脑所能做的任何事情。当他们讨论当前的技术时，这种信心就会油然而生。)”可知，Dr. Gopnik高度评价了GPT-3这个系统，因为它在人工智能研究中发挥着重要作用。故选C。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.(也许是这样。但对我们其他人来说，这些梦想可能会阻碍值得我们关注的问题。)”可知，在作者看来，尽管人工智能可以帮人类实现很多梦想，但同时也可能会阻碍那些值得我们关注的问题，所以对此持反对意见。故选B。 （D） Frederic Mishkin, who’s been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he’s standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office. It turns out, however, that Mishkin’s professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn’t prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that’s absent from our words. It’s learning’s secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn. Many of the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. “We change our minds by moving our hands,” writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls “mismatches” between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we’re moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we’re working on; we can’t yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement. Goldin-Meadow’s more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children’s speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they’d learned than classmates who did not gesture. 43. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because ________. A. he could litter express his ideas that way B. he always pointed his finger at his professor C. his professor did not like his gesturing D. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking 44. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge? A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed. B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking. C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems. D. It reduces students’ reliance on teachers’ instruction. 45. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches? A. They can stimulate our creativity. B. Instructors should make full use of them. C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them. D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems. 46. What could be the best title of the passage? A. Hand Motions, a Second Language B. Gesturing: Signal of Understanding C. New Uses of Gesturing D. The Secret Code of Learning 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. B 46. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了手势是如何在学习中发挥作用的。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.（当他还在读研的时候，他的一位教授对这种不断的打手势很是恼火，以至于每当他去教授的办公室时，那位教授总是让这位年轻的经济学家坐着不动）可知，弗雷德里克·米什金被要求坐着不动，因为他的教授不喜欢他不断的作手势。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children’s speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts.（戈尔丁-戈尔丁-梅多发现，成年人通过调整他们的教学方式来应对孩子的言语姿势不匹配。家长和老师显然收到了孩子准备学习的信号，他们通过提供多种多样的解决问题的技巧来对此采取行动。手势本身似乎也能加速学习，将新知识带入意识，帮助理解新概念）可知，在获取知识的过程中，打手势很重要，它能从别人那里得到有品位的回应，提高学习速度。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children’s speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction.（戈尔丁-梅多发现，成年人通过调整他们的教学方式来应对孩子的言语姿势不匹配。家长和老师显然收到了孩子准备学习的信号）可推知，戈尔丁发现，成人通过调整他们的教学方式对孩子的语言姿势错配做出反应，即教师应该充分利用这些手势。故选B。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的It’s learning’s secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don’t know. What’s more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.（它是学习的密码：手势揭示我们所知道的。它揭示了我们所不知道的。更重要的是，我们的声音和我们的手如何移动之间的一致性(或缺乏一致性)为我们准备学习提供了线索）可知，本文主要介绍了手势是如何在学习中发挥作用的，它是学习的密码。由此可知，D项The Secret Code of Learning（学习密码）适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。 【点睛】做阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。如第1小题，要求读者判断出为什么弗雷德里克·米什金被要求坐着不动。根据第一段中的When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor’s office.（当他还在读研的时候，他的一位教授对这种不断的打手势很是恼火，以至于每当他去教授的办公室时，那位教授总是让这位年轻的经济学家坐着不动）可知，弗雷德里克•米什金被要求坐着不动，因为他的教授不喜欢他不断的作手势。故选C。 IV. Grammar Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given verbs. （8分） 47. This kind of shirt ________ (sell) well here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sells 【解析】 【详解】句意：这种衬衫在这里很畅销。描述客观情况用一般现在时，主语是单数，sell well是固定搭配，用主动形式表被动含义，表示“畅销”，此空填sells。 48. In the past decades, great changes ________ (take) place all over the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have taken 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的几十年里，全世界发生了巨大的变化。动词短语take place作谓语，结合时间状语“In the past decades”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，主语great changes为复数，谓语用复数形式have taken place。 49. Did you predict that many students ___________ (sign) up for the dance competition? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would sign 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你是否预料到许多学生会报名参加舞蹈比赛？表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态，应用过去将来时。故填would sign。 50. She could see her face ________ (reflect) in the car’s windshield. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reflected 【解析】 【详解】句意：她能看见自己的脸映照在汽车挡风玻璃上。句子已有谓语could see，此空是非谓语动词；face和reflect“反映，照出（影像）”之间是被动关系，此空填过去分词reflected，作宾语补足语。 51. By the time you get back, I ________ (graduate) from high school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 will have graduated 【解析】 【详解】句意：等你回来的时候，我就已经高中毕业了。 句中“By the time + 一般现在时从句”为一般现在时表示将来的情况，by意为“到……为止”，主句应用将来完成时，表示到将来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，基本结构为：will have done，graduate的过去分词为graduated。 52. Shirley ______ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was writing 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：雪莉去年正在写一本关于中国的书，但我不知道她现在是否已经写完了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去进行时，表示动作在过去的时间里一直在发生。主语是Shirley，系动词用was。故填was writing。 53. Since twins ________ (occur) once in every 86 births, they have always been a source of curiosity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】occur 【解析】 【详解】句意：由于每86个新生儿中就会出现一对双胞胎，双胞胎一直是人们好奇的对象。 本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语twins是复数，谓语用动词原形occur。 54. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ (leave) his key at school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had left 【解析】 【详解】句意：Bob打电话给他的妈妈，告诉她说他进不了房门，因为他把他的钥匙忘在学校了。根据句意可知，把钥匙忘在学校（leave）的动作发生在打电话（called）之前，called是过去式，那么忘记钥匙在学校就是发生在过去的过去，即过去完成时had left。 V. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the words in brackets. 55. Success is often ________ (company) by pressure. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【解析】 【详解】句意：成功常常伴随着压力。空处应填动词的过去分词，与系动词is构成一般现在时的被动语态；company的动词形式为accompany，其过去分词为accompanied；be accompanied by是固定搭配，意为“由……伴随，伴随着”。 56. ________ (expect), he won the first prize in the competition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Unexpectedly 【解析】 【详解】句意：出乎意料的是，他在比赛中得了一等奖。此空位于句首，修饰整个句子，填副词Unexpectedly，意为“出乎意料地”，作状语。 57. The ________ of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. (create) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】creation 【解析】 【详解】句意：一个高效且可持续的交通系统的创建至关重要。提示词作主语，用名词形式creation，意为“创建”。 58. It’s definitely wrong to take advantage of others’ ________ to reach your expected goal. (ignore) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ignorance 【解析】 【详解】句意：利用别人的无知来达到自己预期的目标，这绝对是错误的。介词of后接名词ignorance，意为“无知”，作宾语。 59. When teenagers are under the pressure from their parents’ high expectations, they sometimes ________ (behavior) at school to release their negative emotions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】behave 【解析】 【详解】句意：当青少年承受父母高期待带来的压力时，他们有时会在学校表现来释放负面情绪。句中缺少谓语动词，behavior的动词形式为behave，意为“表现，举止”，根据时间状语sometimes可知，句子描述的是反复性的动作，用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词应用原形。 VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the given phrases. Each phrase can be used only once. Note that there is one more phrase than needed. （10分） 选词填空。 comment on get involved in hold (…) back refer to reflect on relate (…) to… 60. Since pay increases ________ productivity, the workers have improved their working efficiency. 61. Some Internet companies are worried that concerns about privacy are likely ________ the growth of cloud computing. 62. ________ school activities offers you great opportunity to meet new people. 63. When we talk about teenagers’ mental health, we usually ________ the great pressure that children suffer from their parents’ high expectations. 64. After the cross-cultural lecture came to an end, we ________ how cultural differences influenced people’s expression habits and thus learned to communicate with foreign friends in a more appropriate way. 【答案】60. are related to 61. to hold back 62. Getting involved in 63. refer to 64. reflected on 【解析】 【60题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：由于薪资上涨与生产力相关联，工人们已经提升了工作效率。根据“pay increases”、“productivity”以及句意“与……相关”可知短语为relate (...) to...，主语pay increases与relate...to...为被动关系，从句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语是复数，应填are related to。 【61题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：一些互联网公司担心，隐私方面的担忧很可能会阻碍云计算的发展。根据“concerns about privacy”、“the growth of cloud computing”以及句意“阻碍”可知短语为hold (...) back，且be likely to do sth.是固定结构，意为“很可能做某事”，应填to hold back。 【62题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：参与校园活动会给你提供结识新朋友的绝佳机会。根据“school activities”以及句意“参与”可知短语为get involved in，此处作句子主语，应用动名词短语getting involved in，句首首字母大写。 【63题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：当我们谈论青少年心理健康时，我们通常指的是孩子承受来自父母高期待的巨大压力。根据“When we talk about teenagers’ mental health”以及句意“提及，指的是”可知短语为refer to，由usually可知，句子描述的是经常性的动作，应用一般现在时，且主语是we，谓语用动词原形。 【64题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：跨文化讲座结束之后，我们反思文化差异是如何影响人们的表达习惯，从而学会用更恰当的方式和外国友人沟通。根据“After the cross-cultural lecture came to an end”以及句意“反思”可知短语为reflect on，由came可知，句子描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时reflected on。 VII. Translation （10分） 65. 无论遇到什么困难，我们都不会放弃追求梦想。 _________________________, we will never give up pursuing our dreams. 【答案】No matter what/Whatever difficulties we meet/encounter 【解析】 【详解】表示“无论遇到什么困难”用No matter what/Whatever引导让步状语从句，后接名词difficulties，遵循“主将从现”，主句为一般将来时(will never give up)，从句用一般现在时，“遇到”动词为meet/encounter。 66. 演出期间请确保手机关机。(sure) During the performance, please ___________________________. 【答案】(that) make sure your phone is turned off 【解析】 【详解】“确保”作谓语，用动词短语make sure，祈使句中用原形；“手机关机”作宾语，可处理为宾语从句that your phone is turned off，其中连词that可省略，这里陈述要求，用一般现在时的被动语态。 67. 不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。（turn out, ignore）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you ignore the elders’ advice, it will turn out that you suffer losses soon. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观规律或劝诫，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时；表示“不听老人言”使用if引导的条件状语从句，其中“不听”为ignore，“老人言”为the elders’ advice，所以从句译为If you ignore the elders’ advice；表示“吃亏在眼前”为主句，使用固定句型it will turn out that...（结果是……/事实证明……），其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；表示“遭受损失/吃亏”为suffer losses，“很快/眼前”为soon，所以主句译为it will turn out that you suffer losses soon. 68. 孩子们的绘画作业里有创意和天马行空的想象。（shortage）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The children’s drawing assignments have no shortage of creativity and wild imagination. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“孩子们的绘画作业”应用The children’s drawing assignments，作主语；表示“不缺乏、有很多”应用have no shortage of，作谓语部分；表示“创意和天马行空的想象”应用creativity and wild imagination，作介词of的宾语；句子使用一般现在时描述客观情况。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $