Unit 5 Learning from Nature 单元写作作业设计-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5　Learning from Nature 单元写作作业 一、单元写作任务 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以"Learning from Nature"为主题的征稿活动。请介绍一项受自然启发的发明（仿生学，如仿荷叶自洁材料、蜂巢结构建筑、鲸鳍形风扇叶片等），内容包括： 1. 介绍这项发明及其灵感来源； 2. 说明它的工作原理和带来的好处； 3. 谈谈自然给人类的启示。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 二、审题建模（动笔前先想清楚这五件事） 项目 写作要点 体裁 说明性短文（英文报征稿）：引出发明—溯源灵感—讲原理—说好处—谈启示，标题已给。 人称 以第三人称（it）介绍发明，第一人称复数（we）谈启示。 时态 介绍发明与原理用一般现在时（含被动语态）；叙述灵感发现的故事可用一般过去时。 结构 四段式。Para 1：一句话引出发明；Para 2：灵感来源（荷叶/蜂巢/鲸鳍的观察过程）；Para 3：工作原理与好处（自洁、省能、降噪）；Para 4：启示——自然是老师，观察与谦逊是人类的必修课。 要点 原理要"讲得清"：用 be inspired by、be modelled on、not only…but also 把"自然如何做"与"发明如何仿"对应起来；好处用数字或对比（省电30%、不用清洁剂）增强说服力。 语气 平实、清晰、带敬意。多用被动句和 it 作形式主语的句式；结尾的启示要落到"人与自然和谐相处"，避免说教。 三、话题词块梳理 Ⅰ. 话题词汇（根据提示补全单词或词义） 话题词汇 1. imitate vt. ____________ 2. ____________ n. 模仿；仿制品 3. nature n. ____________ 4. ____________ adj. 自然的 5. inspire vt. ____________ 6. ____________ n. 灵感；鼓舞 7. lotus n. ____________ 8. ____________ n. 叶子（复数 leaves） 9. structure n. ____________ 10. ____________ n. 设计 vt. 设计 11. surface n. ____________ 12. ____________ adj. 防水的；排斥的 13. efficient adj. ____________ 14. ____________ adj. 节能的 15. observe vt. ____________ 16. ____________ n. 观察；观测 17. adapt vi. ____________ 18. ____________ n. 适应；改编 19. survive vi. ____________ 20. ____________ n. 建筑学；建筑业 21. ventilate vt. ____________ 22. ____________ n. 通风；通风设备 23. sustainable adj. ____________ 24. ____________ n. 智慧；才智 Ⅱ. 话题词块（根据汉语补全短语，或根据短语写出汉语） 话题词块 1. learn from ____________ 2. ____________ 受……启发 3. draw inspiration from ____________ 4. ____________ 仿照……制成 5. be based on ____________ 6. ____________ 模仿自然 7. copy the design of ____________ 8. ____________ 使……保持干净 9. repel water ____________ 10. ____________ 节省能源 11. thanks to ____________ 12. ____________ 用这种方式 13. make full use of ____________ 14. ____________ 解决……的问题 15. adapt to ____________ 16. ____________ 在……中生存 17. protect...from... ____________ 18. ____________ 与……和谐相处 19. as a result ____________ 20. ____________ 在……中起作用 21. sustainable development ____________ 22. ____________ 求助于；转向 23. come up with ____________ 24. ____________ 致力于；从事于 25. not only...but also ____________ 26. ____________ 毕竟；别忘了 27. millions of years of evolution ____________ 28. ____________ 大自然的智慧 29. self-cleaning material ____________ 30. ____________ 深入观察 Ⅲ. 词块升级（把左边的“基础表达”换成右边更高级的说法） 基础表达 升级表达 1. People copied the lotus leaf. ____________________ 2. The building saves a lot of energy. ____________________ 3. Nature is clever. ____________________ 4. We can learn a lot from nature. ____________________ 5. The fan blades work better. ____________________ 6. The material does not get dirty easily. ____________________ 7. We should protect nature. ____________________ 8. This invention is very useful. ____________________ 四、教材好句精选（根据汉语补全句子，注意课文句式与词块的用法） 1. 荷叶的表面结构使它不沾水、不沾灰。 　　The surface structure of the lotus leaf ________ it to ________ water and dust. 2. 科学家受荷叶启发，发明了一种自清洁材料。 　　________ ________ the lotus leaf, scientists invented a self-cleaning material. 3. 有了这种材料，雨水一冲，灰尘就随之带走。 　　With this material, rain rolls off and ________ the dust ________ with it. 4. 这种新风扇叶片是仿照座头鲸的鳍状肢设计的。 　　The new fan blades were ________ ________ the flippers of humpback whales. 5. 白蚁丘内部的通风结构让整座"白蚁大厦"冬暖夏凉。 　　The ventilation structure inside a termite mound keeps the whole "building" cool in summer and ________ in winter. 6. 借鉴白蚁丘的设计，这座大楼的能耗降低了近三分之一。 　　________ ________ the design of termite mounds, the building has cut its energy use by nearly one third. 7. 正是大自然的智慧为我们提供了无数解决方案。 　　It is the wisdom of nature that ________ us with countless solutions. 8. 经过数百万年的进化，每一种生物都是解决问题的专家。 　　After millions of years of evolution, every living thing is ________ ________ ________ solving problems. 9. 只有仔细观察自然，我们才能从她那里学到更多。 　　Only by observing nature carefully ________ ________ learn more from her. 10. 我们越是了解自然，就越对她的精妙设计感到惊叹。 　　The ________ we understand nature, the ________ amazed we are at her brilliant designs. 11. 这项发明不但高效，而且环保。 　　This invention is not only efficient ________ ________ environmentally friendly. 12. 与自然和谐相处，是人类可持续发展的必由之路。 　　Living ________ ________ ________ nature is the necessary path to sustainable development. 五、句式升级与仿写（按要求改写下列句子，体会“高级感”从何而来） 1. People got the idea from the lotus leaf. 要求：用过去分词短语作状语开头改写 → ____________________________________________________________ 2. The building saves energy because its design copies termite mounds. 要求：用 be modelled on 改写原因状语从句 → ____________________________________________________________ 3. The material keeps windows clean. 要求：用 Rain 作主语、carry away 作谓语改写，更生动 → ____________________________________________________________ 4. Nature is a good teacher. We can learn a lot from her. 要求：用 from which 引导的定语从句合并 → ____________________________________________________________ 5. If we observe nature carefully, we will make more discoveries. 要求：用 only + 状语置于句首的倒装句 → ____________________________________________________________ 6. The whale fin design reduces noise and saves energy. 要求：用 not only…but also 的倒装句改写 → ____________________________________________________________ 7. Nature has solved these problems long ago. 要求：用 It turns out that… 改写，加入拟人色彩 → ____________________________________________________________ 8. We should protect nature because it gives us ideas. 要求：用 without which 引导的定语从句 → ____________________________________________________________ 9. The lotus effect is amazing. 要求：用 What 主语从句改写并补充对比 → ____________________________________________________________ 10. Living with nature in harmony is important. 要求：用 It is…to do 句型 + 强调改写 → ____________________________________________________________ 六、课外材料精编（读一读，背一背，用一用） Nature has been patenting her designs for millions of years—free of charge. 大自然为自己的设计"申请专利"已数百万年——分文不取。　（现在完成进行时 + 拟人） What looks like a simple leaf is, in fact, a masterpiece of engineering. 看似普通的一片叶子，其实是一件工程学的杰作。　（what 从句 + 插入语） The smaller we look, the wiser nature appears. 我们看得越微小，自然就越显得智慧。　（the + 比较级, the + 比较级） Never does nature waste anything, and neither should we. 自然从不浪费任何东西，我们也不应浪费。　（否定前置倒装 + neither 倒装） Only after millions of trials did nature perfect the lotus leaf. 大自然经过数百万次"试验"，才把荷叶打磨得如此完美。　（only + 状语前置倒装） With a design borrowed from nature, the building breathes like a living thing. 借助源自自然的设计，这座大楼像生命体一样呼吸。　（with 复合结构 + 拟人） It is not brute force but clever structure that solves the hardest problems. 解决最难问题的不是蛮力，而是巧妙的结构。　（强调句 + not…but…） So elegant is nature's solution that engineers can only stand back and admire. 自然的解决方案如此优雅，工程师只能退后一步，叹为观止。　（so…that 倒装） Every invention copied from nature is a thank-you letter written to her. 每一项仿生发明，都是写给自然的感谢信。　（过去分词定语 + 隐喻） Nature rewards those who observe patiently, not those who hurry. 自然奖赏的是耐心观察的人，而不是匆匆赶路的人。　（对比 + not 省略句） There is no better engineer than evolution working for billions of years. 没有比运转数十亿年的进化更出色的工程师。　（否定比较级） When we protect nature, we are protecting our own laboratory. 保护自然，就是保护人类自己的实验室。　（进行时表意义强调） The wisest technology is the one that asks nature first. 最智慧的技术，是先向自然请教的技术。　（the one + 定语从句） Borrowing from nature is easy; paying her back with respect is the real homework. 向自然索取容易，以敬意回报才是真正的功课。　（分号对比 + 隐喻） 七、同话题高考真题【改编自高考应用文真题·说明介绍类投稿，情境已替换】 你校科技节即将开幕，英文报开设"Science in Daily Life"专栏。请你写一篇短文，介绍一项改变生活的日常科技发明，内容包括： 1. 介绍这项发明及其用途； 2. 说明它带来的变化（一两个例子）； 3. 谈谈你对科技与日常生活的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 本题根据高考英语应用文"介绍类投稿"真题改编，情境已替换为本单元话题。 八、范文赏析 【参考范文】 Learning from Nature 　　Have you ever wondered why a lotus leaf never gets muddy, even after a summer rainstorm? 　　The secret lies in its microscopic bumps: water cannot stick, so every raindrop rolls off, carrying dust away like a free cleaner. Inspired by this, scientists have developed self-cleaning paints and glass. Skyscraper windows coated with them stay bright without a single drop of detergent. 　　And nature has more lessons. Termite mounds stay cool in the African heat, and buildings modelled on them now save up to a third of their energy. Fan blades shaped like humpback flippers cut noise while working more efficiently. 　　After millions of years of evolution, nature is our most patient teacher. Let us observe her closely, learn from her humbly, and live with her in harmony. 【学生习作】 Learning from Nature 　　Nature is very clever. We can learn many things from nature. This is called bionics. 　　For example, scientists studied the lotus leaf. The lotus leaf is very clean. So they made a kind of paint. The paint can keep the wall clean. People like it very much. 　　Another example is the bird. People learned from birds and made planes. Planes can fly very fast now. 　　I think nature is our teacher. We should learn from nature and make more inventions. Nature is great. 【自我修改清单】（写完对照检查） □ 灵感来源是否讲清了"观察过程"（谁、观察了什么、发现了什么）？ □ 工作原理是否解释了"为什么"，而不是只描述现象？ □ 好处是否具体（省能比例、免清洗、降噪），而不是"很有用"三个字？ □ 是否用了被动语态和 be inspired by / be modelled on 等仿生学表达？ □ 是否用上了本单元词块（draw inspiration from、repel water、adapt to、in harmony with 等）至少4个？ □ 结尾的启示是否落到"向自然学习、与自然和谐相处"，并且不说教？ 九、参考答案 三、话题词块梳理 Ⅰ. 话题词汇 1. imitate vt. 模仿；仿效 2. imitation n. 模仿；仿制品 3. nature n. 自然；大自然 4. natural adj. 自然的 5. inspire vt. 启发；鼓舞 6. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 7. lotus n. 莲；荷花 8. leaf n. 叶子（复数 leaves） 9. structure n. 结构；构造 10. design n. 设计 vt. 设计 11. surface n. 表面；面 12. repel→water-repellent adj. 防水的；斥水的 13. efficient adj. 高效的；效率高的 14. energy-efficient adj. 节能的 15. observe vt. 观察；遵守 16. observation n. 观察；观测 17. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应 18. adaptation n. 适应；改编 19. survive vi. 生存；幸存 20. architecture n. 建筑学；建筑业 21. ventilate vt. 使通风 22. ventilation n. 通风；通风设备 23. sustainable adj. 可持续的 24. wisdom n. 智慧；才智 Ⅱ. 话题词块 1. learn from 向……学习 2. be inspired by 受……启发 3. draw inspiration from 从……中获得灵感 4. be modelled on 仿照……制成 5. be based on 以……为基础 6. imitate nature 模仿自然 7. copy the design of 借鉴……的设计 8. keep...clean 使……保持干净 9. repel water 排斥水分；不沾水 10. save energy 节省能源 11. thanks to 多亏；由于 12. in this way 用这种方式 13. make full use of 充分利用 14. solve the problem of 解决……的问题 15. adapt to 适应 16. survive in 在……中生存 17. protect...from... 保护……免受…… 18. live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 19. as a result 结果；因此 20. play a part in 在……中起作用 21. sustainable development 可持续发展 22. turn to 求助于；转向 23. come up with 想出；提出 24. work on 致力于；从事于 25. not only...but also 不但……而且…… 26. after all 毕竟；别忘了 27. millions of years of evolution 数百万年的进化 28. the wisdom of nature 大自然的智慧 29. self-cleaning material 自清洁材料 30. a closer look 深入观察 Ⅲ. 词块升级 1. Scientists copied the microscopic bumps of a lotus leaf, and the self-cleaning surface was born. 2. Modelled on termite mounds, the building cuts its energy use by nearly a third. 3. Nature, it turns out, has been doing research for hundreds of millions of years. 4. Every leaf, shell and fin is a textbook waiting to be read. 5. Inspired by humpback flippers, the blades cut noise while boosting efficiency. 6. Rain simply rolls off the surface, carrying dust away like a free cleaner. 7. Only by keeping our teacher healthy can we keep borrowing its wisdom. 8. What began as a pond observation now cleans skyscraper windows around the world. 四、教材好句精选 1. The surface structure of the lotus leaf enables it to repel water and dust. 2. Inspired by the lotus leaf, scientists invented a self-cleaning material. 3. With this material, rain rolls off and carries the dust away with it. 4. The new fan blades were modelled on the flippers of humpback whales. 5. The ventilation structure inside a termite mound keeps the whole "building" cool in summer and warm in winter. 6. Modelled on the design of termite mounds, the building has cut its energy use by nearly one third. 7. It is the wisdom of nature that provides us with countless solutions. 8. After millions of years of evolution, every living thing is an expert at solving problems. 9. Only by observing nature carefully can we learn more from her. 10. The more we understand nature, the more amazed we are at her brilliant designs. 11. This invention is not only efficient but also environmentally friendly. 12. Living in harmony with nature is the necessary path to sustainable development. 五、句式升级与仿写 1. Inspired by the lotus leaf, engineers developed a surface that never stays dirty. 2. Modelled on termite mounds, the building needs far less energy to stay cool. 3. Rain rolls off the surface and carries the dust away like a free cleaner. 4. Nature is a good teacher from which we can learn endless lessons. 5. Only by observing nature closely can we make more discoveries like this. 6. Not only does the whale fin design reduce noise, but it also saves energy. 7. It turns out that nature solved these problems long before we even noticed them. 8. We should protect nature, without which we would lose our greatest source of ideas. 9. What makes the lotus effect amazing is that nature finished the design long before we copied it. 10. It is of vital importance to live in harmony with nature, our oldest and wisest teacher. 七、同话题高考真题【改编自高考应用文真题·说明介绍类投稿，情境已替换】 审体裁：说明介绍类短文（专栏投稿），三段式，无称呼落款。 审人称：以第三人称（it/they）介绍发明，第一人称（I）谈看法。 审时态：介绍用途与变化用一般现在时，可穿插现在完成时强调影响。 审内容：Para 1 发明及用途（共享单车+扫码解锁）；Para 2 变化（出行最后一公里、街头少了拥堵）；Para 3 看法（好科技应让生活更简单、城市更绿色）。 审语气：客观清晰；用日常场景（校门口扫一扫）让"科技"可感。 【参考范文】 Science in Daily Life 　　Among the inventions that have quietly changed our lives, the shared bicycle surely deserves a place. 　　With a quick scan of the QR code, the bike unlocks and off you go. The last kilometre to school—once a daily headache—is now a pleasant ride. On our streets, I can see fewer traffic jams and clearer skies, all because millions of short trips no longer need a car. 　　To me, the best technology is not the flashiest one, but the kind that slips into daily life and makes green living the easiest choice. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版选择性必修三 Unit 5　Learning from Nature 单元写作作业（教师版） 一、单元写作任务 假定你是李华，你校英文报正在开展以"Learning from Nature"为主题的征稿活动。请介绍一项受自然启发的发明（仿生学，如仿荷叶自洁材料、蜂巢结构建筑、鲸鳍形风扇叶片等），内容包括： 1. 介绍这项发明及其灵感来源； 2. 说明它的工作原理和带来的好处； 3. 谈谈自然给人类的启示。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 二、审题建模（动笔前先想清楚这五件事） 项目 写作要点 体裁 说明性短文（英文报征稿）：引出发明—溯源灵感—讲原理—说好处—谈启示，标题已给。 人称 以第三人称（it）介绍发明，第一人称复数（we）谈启示。 时态 介绍发明与原理用一般现在时（含被动语态）；叙述灵感发现的故事可用一般过去时。 结构 四段式。Para 1：一句话引出发明；Para 2：灵感来源（荷叶/蜂巢/鲸鳍的观察过程）；Para 3：工作原理与好处（自洁、省能、降噪）；Para 4：启示——自然是老师，观察与谦逊是人类的必修课。 要点 原理要"讲得清"：用 be inspired by、be modelled on、not only…but also 把"自然如何做"与"发明如何仿"对应起来；好处用数字或对比（省电30%、不用清洁剂）增强说服力。 语气 平实、清晰、带敬意。多用被动句和 it 作形式主语的句式；结尾的启示要落到"人与自然和谐相处"，避免说教。 三、话题词块梳理 Ⅰ. 话题词汇（中英对照，答案已填入） 话题词汇 1. imitate vt. 模仿；仿效 2. imitation n. 模仿；仿制品 3. nature n. 自然；大自然 4. natural adj. 自然的 5. inspire vt. 启发；鼓舞 6. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 7. lotus n. 莲；荷花 8. leaf n. 叶子（复数 leaves） 9. structure n. 结构；构造 10. design n. 设计 vt. 设计 11. surface n. 表面；面 12. repel→water-repellent adj. 防水的；斥水的 13. efficient adj. 高效的；效率高的 14. energy-efficient adj. 节能的 15. observe vt. 观察；遵守 16. observation n. 观察；观测 17. adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应 18. adaptation n. 适应；改编 19. survive vi. 生存；幸存 20. architecture n. 建筑学；建筑业 21. ventilate vt. 使通风 22. ventilation n. 通风；通风设备 23. sustainable adj. 可持续的 24. wisdom n. 智慧；才智 Ⅱ. 话题词块（答案已填入） 话题词块 1. learn from 向……学习 2. be inspired by 受……启发 3. draw inspiration from 从……中获得灵感 4. be modelled on 仿照……制成 5. be based on 以……为基础 6. imitate nature 模仿自然 7. copy the design of 借鉴……的设计 8. keep...clean 使……保持干净 9. repel water 排斥水分；不沾水 10. save energy 节省能源 11. thanks to 多亏；由于 12. in this way 用这种方式 13. make full use of 充分利用 14. solve the problem of 解决……的问题 15. adapt to 适应 16. survive in 在……中生存 17. protect...from... 保护……免受…… 18. live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 19. as a result 结果；因此 20. play a part in 在……中起作用 21. sustainable development 可持续发展 22. turn to 求助于；转向 23. come up with 想出；提出 24. work on 致力于；从事于 25. not only...but also 不但……而且…… 26. after all 毕竟；别忘了 27. millions of years of evolution 数百万年的进化 28. the wisdom of nature 大自然的智慧 29. self-cleaning material 自清洁材料 30. a closer look 深入观察 Ⅲ. 词块升级（把左边的“基础表达”换成右边更高级的说法） 基础表达 升级表达 1. People copied the lotus leaf. Scientists copied the microscopic bumps of a lotus leaf, and the self-cleaning surface was born. 2. The building saves a lot of energy. Modelled on termite mounds, the building cuts its energy use by nearly a third. 3. Nature is clever. Nature, it turns out, has been doing research for hundreds of millions of years. 4. We can learn a lot from nature. Every leaf, shell and fin is a textbook waiting to be read. 5. The fan blades work better. Inspired by humpback flippers, the blades cut noise while boosting efficiency. 6. The material does not get dirty easily. Rain simply rolls off the surface, carrying dust away like a free cleaner. 7. We should protect nature. Only by keeping our teacher healthy can we keep borrowing its wisdom. 8. This invention is very useful. What began as a pond observation now cleans skyscraper windows around the world. 四、教材好句精选（根据汉语补全句子，注意课文句式与词块的用法） 1. 荷叶的表面结构使它不沾水、不沾灰。 　　The surface structure of the lotus leaf enables it to repel water and dust. 2. 科学家受荷叶启发，发明了一种自清洁材料。 　　Inspired by the lotus leaf, scientists invented a self-cleaning material. 3. 有了这种材料，雨水一冲，灰尘就随之带走。 　　With this material, rain rolls off and carries the dust away with it. 4. 这种新风扇叶片是仿照座头鲸的鳍状肢设计的。 　　The new fan blades were modelled on the flippers of humpback whales. 5. 白蚁丘内部的通风结构让整座"白蚁大厦"冬暖夏凉。 　　The ventilation structure inside a termite mound keeps the whole "building" cool in summer and warm in winter. 6. 借鉴白蚁丘的设计，这座大楼的能耗降低了近三分之一。 　　Modelled on the design of termite mounds, the building has cut its energy use by nearly one third. 7. 正是大自然的智慧为我们提供了无数解决方案。 　　It is the wisdom of nature that provides us with countless solutions. 8. 经过数百万年的进化，每一种生物都是解决问题的专家。 　　After millions of years of evolution, every living thing is an expert at solving problems. 9. 只有仔细观察自然，我们才能从她那里学到更多。 　　Only by observing nature carefully can we learn more from her. 10. 我们越是了解自然，就越对她的精妙设计感到惊叹。 　　The more we understand nature, the more amazed we are at her brilliant designs. 11. 这项发明不但高效，而且环保。 　　This invention is not only efficient but also environmentally friendly. 12. 与自然和谐相处，是人类可持续发展的必由之路。 　　Living in harmony with nature is the necessary path to sustainable development. 五、句式升级与仿写（按要求改写下列句子，体会“高级感”从何而来） 1. People got the idea from the lotus leaf. 要求：用过去分词短语作状语开头改写 → Inspired by the lotus leaf, engineers developed a surface that never stays dirty. 2. The building saves energy because its design copies termite mounds. 要求：用 be modelled on 改写原因状语从句 → Modelled on termite mounds, the building needs far less energy to stay cool. 3. The material keeps windows clean. 要求：用 Rain 作主语、carry away 作谓语改写，更生动 → Rain rolls off the surface and carries the dust away like a free cleaner. 4. Nature is a good teacher. We can learn a lot from her. 要求：用 from which 引导的定语从句合并 → Nature is a good teacher from which we can learn endless lessons. 5. If we observe nature carefully, we will make more discoveries. 要求：用 only + 状语置于句首的倒装句 → Only by observing nature closely can we make more discoveries like this. 6. The whale fin design reduces noise and saves energy. 要求：用 not only…but also 的倒装句改写 → Not only does the whale fin design reduce noise, but it also saves energy. 7. Nature has solved these problems long ago. 要求：用 It turns out that… 改写，加入拟人色彩 → It turns out that nature solved these problems long before we even noticed them. 8. We should protect nature because it gives us ideas. 要求：用 without which 引导的定语从句 → We should protect nature, without which we would lose our greatest source of ideas. 9. The lotus effect is amazing. 要求：用 What 主语从句改写并补充对比 → What makes the lotus effect amazing is that nature finished the design long before we copied it. 10. Living with nature in harmony is important. 要求：用 It is…to do 句型 + 强调改写 → It is of vital importance to live in harmony with nature, our oldest and wisest teacher. 六、课外材料精编（读一读，背一背，用一用） Nature has been patenting her designs for millions of years—free of charge. 大自然为自己的设计"申请专利"已数百万年——分文不取。　（现在完成进行时 + 拟人） What looks like a simple leaf is, in fact, a masterpiece of engineering. 看似普通的一片叶子，其实是一件工程学的杰作。　（what 从句 + 插入语） The smaller we look, the wiser nature appears. 我们看得越微小，自然就越显得智慧。　（the + 比较级, the + 比较级） Never does nature waste anything, and neither should we. 自然从不浪费任何东西，我们也不应浪费。　（否定前置倒装 + neither 倒装） Only after millions of trials did nature perfect the lotus leaf. 大自然经过数百万次"试验"，才把荷叶打磨得如此完美。　（only + 状语前置倒装） With a design borrowed from nature, the building breathes like a living thing. 借助源自自然的设计，这座大楼像生命体一样呼吸。　（with 复合结构 + 拟人） It is not brute force but clever structure that solves the hardest problems. 解决最难问题的不是蛮力，而是巧妙的结构。　（强调句 + not…but…） So elegant is nature's solution that engineers can only stand back and admire. 自然的解决方案如此优雅，工程师只能退后一步，叹为观止。　（so…that 倒装） Every invention copied from nature is a thank-you letter written to her. 每一项仿生发明，都是写给自然的感谢信。　（过去分词定语 + 隐喻） Nature rewards those who observe patiently, not those who hurry. 自然奖赏的是耐心观察的人，而不是匆匆赶路的人。　（对比 + not 省略句） There is no better engineer than evolution working for billions of years. 没有比运转数十亿年的进化更出色的工程师。　（否定比较级） When we protect nature, we are protecting our own laboratory. 保护自然，就是保护人类自己的实验室。　（进行时表意义强调） The wisest technology is the one that asks nature first. 最智慧的技术，是先向自然请教的技术。　（the one + 定语从句） Borrowing from nature is easy; paying her back with respect is the real homework. 向自然索取容易，以敬意回报才是真正的功课。　（分号对比 + 隐喻） 七、同话题高考真题【改编自高考应用文真题·说明介绍类投稿，情境已替换】 你校科技节即将开幕，英文报开设"Science in Daily Life"专栏。请你写一篇短文，介绍一项改变生活的日常科技发明，内容包括： 1. 介绍这项发明及其用途； 2. 说明它带来的变化（一两个例子）； 3. 谈谈你对科技与日常生活的看法。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 本题根据高考英语应用文"介绍类投稿"真题改编，情境已替换为本单元话题。 【审题建模】 审体裁：说明介绍类短文（专栏投稿），三段式，无称呼落款。 审人称：以第三人称（it/they）介绍发明，第一人称（I）谈看法。 审时态：介绍用途与变化用一般现在时，可穿插现在完成时强调影响。 审内容：Para 1 发明及用途（共享单车+扫码解锁）；Para 2 变化（出行最后一公里、街头少了拥堵）；Para 3 看法（好科技应让生活更简单、城市更绿色）。 审语气：客观清晰；用日常场景（校门口扫一扫）让"科技"可感。 【参考范文】 Science in Daily Life 　　Among the inventions that have quietly changed our lives, the shared bicycle surely deserves a place. 　　With a quick scan of the QR code, the bike unlocks and off you go. The last kilometre to school—once a daily headache—is now a pleasant ride. On our streets, I can see fewer traffic jams and clearer skies, all because millions of short trips no longer need a car. 　　To me, the best technology is not the flashiest one, but the kind that slips into daily life and makes green living the easiest choice. 【亮点句式】 ① …quietly changed our lives…（副词 quietly 让"改变"有了画面） ② With a quick scan of the QR code, …and off you go.（with 短语 + 倒装短语 off you go，节奏轻快） ③ The last kilometre—once a daily headache—is now a pleasant ride.（破折号插入 + 今昔对比） ④ …makes green living the easiest choice.（make + 宾语 + 宾补，收束呼应绿色主题） 八、范文赏析 【参考范文】 Learning from Nature 　　Have you ever wondered why a lotus leaf never gets muddy, even after a summer rainstorm? 　　The secret lies in its microscopic bumps: water cannot stick, so every raindrop rolls off, carrying dust away like a free cleaner. Inspired by this, scientists have developed self-cleaning paints and glass. Skyscraper windows coated with them stay bright without a single drop of detergent. 　　And nature has more lessons. Termite mounds stay cool in the African heat, and buildings modelled on them now save up to a third of their energy. Fan blades shaped like humpback flippers cut noise while working more efficiently. 　　After millions of years of evolution, nature is our most patient teacher. Let us observe her closely, learn from her humbly, and live with her in harmony. 【学生习作】 Learning from Nature 　　Nature is very clever. We can learn many things from nature. This is called bionics. 　　For example, scientists studied the lotus leaf. The lotus leaf is very clean. So they made a kind of paint. The paint can keep the wall clean. People like it very much. 　　Another example is the bird. People learned from birds and made planes. Planes can fly very fast now. 　　I think nature is our teacher. We should learn from nature and make more inventions. Nature is great. 【习作点评】 优点：选题切合主题（荷叶自洁、飞机源于鸟类），结构清楚，有举例意识，语言基本正确。 问题一：原理没讲清。"The lotus leaf is very clean"只是现象，没有解释"为什么"——应写明表面微观结构使水不附着、水珠滚落带走灰尘，这才叫"说明"。 问题二：好处不具体。"People like it very much"过于空泛，应换成可感知的效果：高楼玻璃不用清洁剂也能保持明亮、省下多少水。 问题三：句式单调，缺少被动语态（be inspired by、be modelled on）、倒装与强调句，说明文应有的"客观感"没做出来。 问题四：本单元词块使用不足（draw inspiration from、repel water、save energy、in harmony with 等未出现），结尾"Nature is great"太幼稚，应升华为"自然是最耐心的老师"式的启示。 【评分标准】（满分15分，按高考应用文评分细则） 档次 分数 评分描述 第五档 13—15分 覆盖全部要点，应用了较多语法结构和词汇，句式有变化，衔接自然，语法和拼写错误极少，完全达到交际目的。 第四档 10—12分 覆盖全部要点，语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求，衔接基本连贯，有少量错误但不影响理解。 第三档 7—9分 基本覆盖要点，语法结构单调，词汇有限，有一些错误，部分内容表达不清。 第二档 4—6分 遗漏较多要点，语法结构单调、词汇项目有限，错误较多，影响理解。 第一档 1—3分 只能写出个别单词，内容太少，无法传达信息。 【写作指导：本单元写作的三个得分点】 得分点一：把"现象"写成"原理"。说明文最忌只报结果：不要写荷叶"很干净"，要写"表面微观凸起让水无法附着，水珠滚落带走灰尘"——一个 because 或 so 结构就能让说明立起来。 得分点二：好处要有"数字与对比"。cut energy use by nearly a third、without a single drop of detergent 这类表达比 very useful 可信十倍；再配 not only…but also 句式，条理与文采兼得。 得分点三：启示要有"敬意"。结尾不要喊口号，用"经过数百万年进化，自然是最耐心的老师"的口吻，并嵌入 learn from、live in harmony with 等本单元词块，让文章从"介绍发明"升到"理解自然"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $