精品解析：上海市复旦中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月教学质量调研英语试题

上海市复旦中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月教学质量调研 英语试卷 试卷分值：150分 考试时间：120分钟 I. Listening Comprehension: (30%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A student. B. A journalist. C. A policewoman. D. A waitress. 2. A. In Washington. B. In Shanghai. C. In Singapore. D. In Spain. 3. A. To a bookstore. B. To a furniture shop. C. To an art school. D. To a clothing store. 4. A. The man stayed up to prepare for the test. B. The man went back home late last night. C. The man didn't study hard during the day. D. The man hired a tutor for Biology learning. 5. A. She prefers to eat at home. B. She dislikes Japanese food. C. She wants to pay for the meal. D. She plans to order the food. 6. A. Go to the front of the line. B. Apologize to the woman. C. Accept the woman's apology. D. Let the woman go ahead of him. 7. A. She can speak English very fast. B. She has no time to learn English. C. Her spoken English is still not good. D. Her memory for English expressions is good. 8. A. The speech was not worth listening to. B. The speaker didn't speak loud enough. C. The speaker was too far away from him. D. The speech was too difficult to understand. 9. A. The strawberries are not fresh enough. B. Fruit is not allowed before lunch time. C. There are plenty of strawberries on the table. D. The strawberries will be served during lunch. 10. A. The man should take a seat in the front. B. The man's glasses are too weak. C. The man should wear his glasses in class. D. The man's glasses are out of fashion. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The use of the leap year. B. The inventor of the leap year. C. The change of the leap year. D. The mystery of the leap year. 12. A. To celebrate the birth of Julius Caesar. B. To even out an astronomical year. C. To make the calendar match Earth's orbit. D. To let the calendar become more unique. 13. A. A leap year is divisible by 100. B. A leap year often seemed full of troubles. C. Every century year is a leap year. D. The latest century-year leap year was 2000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of using paper bags. B. The issues of plastic alternatives. C. The process of making eco-friendly packing. D. The advantages of using glass bottles. 15. A. Boosted decomposition rates in nature. B. Lower cost and energy efficiency. C. Elevated material and production expenses. D. Total absence of environmental impact. 16. A. They require much water to produce. B. They have lower energy footprint. C. They need no tree cutting for production. D. They break down in special facilities. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The number of tourists on the island. B. Renting bikes and motorbikes on the island. C. The popularity of the island with tourists. D. Different ways of getting around the island. 18. A. To exercise on her vacation. B. To teach her friends how to ride a bike. C. To practice her driving skills. D. To explore the island during her holiday. 19. A. An entire day. B. Half a day. C. Two hours. D. No time limit. 20. A. 12 years old. B. 14 years old. C.16 years old. D.18 years old. II. Grammar: (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. 1. Researchers ________ (discover) years ago that simple small acts make us feel good. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】discovered 【解析】 【详解】句意：研究人员多年前就发现，简单的小举动会让我们感觉良好。根据时间状语years ago可知，句子应使用一般过去时，discover的过去式为discovered。 2. We ________ (hope) to enjoy a relaxing weekend, but bad weather ruined our pleasant plan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had hoped 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们原本希望度过一个轻松的周末，但是恶劣的天气毁掉了我们美好的计划。ruined是一般过去时，“希望”这个动作发生在“毁掉”之前，用过去完成时，此空填had hoped，表示“原本希望(实际没能实现)”。 3. Amazing changes ________ (take place) in our daily life as more people learn to care for their feelings these years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have taken place 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些年来，随着越来越多的人学会关注自身情绪，我们的日常生活发生了惊人的变化。时间状语these years常与现在完成时连用，take place无被动形式，主语是changes，谓语动词使用have taken place。 4. She ________ (set up) her own quiet reading corner by the time she was twelve, where she could feel peaceful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had set up 【解析】 【详解】句意：到她十二岁的时候，她已经搭建好了属于她自己的安静阅读角，在那里她可以感到平静。by the time引导时间状语从句，从句使用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，要用过去完成时，结构为had done。set的过去分词是set。 5. I believe this warm story is worth ________ (read) again when you feel upset. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reading 【解析】 【详解】句意：我相信当你难过的时候，这个温暖的故事值得再读一遍。根据“is worth”可知，此处是固定结构be worth doing，表示“值得做”，用主动形式表被动含义，此空填reading。 6. Many volunteers have kept helping the elderly ________ they joined the community project. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】since 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多志愿者自从加入这个社区项目以来，一直坚持帮助老人。空处应使用since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”，从句使用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 7. She was preparing her speech ________ she received a warm encouraging message. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】句意：她正在准备演讲稿，这时收到了一条温暖鼓舞人心的信息。固定句型was/were doing sth. when...表示“正在做某事，这时……”。 8. You can make a big difference ________ you lose heart before trying. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】unless 【解析】 【详解】句意：除非你在尝试之前就灰心丧气，否则你可以大有作为。空格前后是两个完整的句子，空处需填连词，结合句意，表示“除非”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。 9. ________ it may take long to see results, small efforts can make a real difference. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Although##Though##While 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然看到效果可能需要很久，但微小的努力真的可以带来改变。逗号前后是两个完整的句子，空处需填连词，结合句意可知，上下文是让步转折关系，因此用although/though/while“尽管”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。 10. We keep a gratitude diary ________ ________ we can always remember the small things that make us feel good. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 ①. so ②. that 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们写感恩日记，以便我们总能记住那些让我们感到美好的小事。根据“we can always remember”以及句意可知，此处填so that，引导目的状语从句。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____11____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____12____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____13____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____14____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____15____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____16____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____17____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____18____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____19____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____20____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” 【答案】11. that##which 12. how 13. driven 14. where 15. with 16. has become##becomes 17. it 18. even if##even though 19. revealing 20. can 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了芬兰建筑师在上海的观察与感悟。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的学生称他为“搜搜”，意思是“寻找”——这个昵称反映了他不断的探索。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a nickname，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他的自行车骑行是一种参与的方式——一种见证人与地方如何互动的方式。本空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他重视上海的“敏感更新”，这是一个由居民和政府部门共同推动的过程。本句已有谓语values，本空用非谓语形式，名词process和动词drive“推动”是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填driven。 【14题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：“街道是生活发生的地方，”他说。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示 “……之处”，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 【15题详解】 考查介词。句意：每天晚上，它都会变成一个夜总会，有谈话、表演和电影放映。此处表示“有”，用介词with。故填with。 【16题详解】 考查时态。句意：在小巷里吹萨克斯的人或梧桐树下的棋局，在他眼里，都是不断变化的标志。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores是第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式becomes。或者：从句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时态应用现在完成时，谓语用has become，故填has become或becomes。 【17题详解】 考查代词。句意：“一个地方的灵魂，”他说，“不在于建筑，而在于周围的生活：那种即使你是陌生人也会感到受欢迎的感觉。”此处指代上文提到的a place，用代词it。故填it。 【18题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意同上。本空引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，用even if或even though。故填even if/even though。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Suominen已经用这些场景填满了20多本素描本，每一本都揭示了人与空间之间的动态互动。本句已有谓语has filled，本空用非谓语形式，each指代上文提到的sketchbooks，和动词reveal“揭示”是逻辑主谓关系，用现在分词。故填revealing。 【20题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：在芬兰，寒冷让人们待在室内，你几乎不可能以同样的方式观察到人们的价值观和习惯。根据“where the cold keeps people inside”可知，此处表示几乎不“可能”，用情态动词can。故填can。 III. Vocabulary: (20%) Section A (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. astonishing B. begins with C. come forward D. come out E. consider F. creations G. dedicated H. died out I. feature J. forbade K. translate Saving a language with 45 clicks Only two fluent speakers of N|uu survive. Both are in their 80s. Two and a half millennia ago the San had southern Africa to themselves, living lightly on the land as hunter gatherers. Then came the Khoekhoen from the northeast to take some of the San’s hunting grounds for their cattle. The 17th century Dutch incomers called the hunter-gatherers “Boesmans” (“Bushmen”) after their habitat, while the Khoekhoen were “Hottentots”. The word Hottentot may mimic the click sound of the Khoekhoen’s speech. Africa is the only continent where clicks act as a kind of consonant in basic word building sounds. Many of southern Africa’s original click rich languages have ____21____. For the complexity of its clicks, the N|uu language of a long-scattered subgroup of the San is among humanity’s most startling ____22____. It has but two known surviving fluent speakers, both in their 80s. The bar after the N indicates a particular click of the tongue against the teeth. N|uu is one of just three languages known to ____23____ a kiss-click made with both lips. Katrina Esau is one of the surviving pair. To hear her speak N|uu is ____24____, as if two tracks are playing at once, with “normal” speech overlaid with a peppering of soft explosions. Port Elizabeth has recently been renamed Gqeberha, a word in Xhosa (South Africa’s most widely spoken indigenous language, along with Zulu) that ____25____ a click. If the skill of pronouncing Gqeberha eludes (难住) many, ____26____ that N|uu has 45 such sounds. Ms Esau has ____27____ her last years to teaching it. Illiterate, she uses a schoolroom next to her home to teach people in her Northern Cape community through song, play and images. “I didn’t learn this language; It was in my blood,” says Ms Esau in “Lost Tongue”, a film about N|uu made in 2016. “But I buried it at the back of my head.” She buried it because long ago her white employers ____28____ her from speaking it. It was thought extinct until the 1990s, when a N|uu speaker, Elsie Vaalbooi, appealed on the radio for speakers to ____29____. A N|uu writing system has recently been developed. Esau’s granddaughter, Claudia Snyman, now teaches the written language. Sheena Shah and Matthias Brenzinger, both linguists, worked with locals to ____30____ this rich language of 114 basic units of sound with an extended version of the Latin alphabet. They hope the language’s revival may help rebuild the San’s identity. 【答案】21. H 22. F 23. I 24. A 25. B 26. E 27. G 28. J 29. C 30. K 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了人们抢救濒危的N|uu搭嘴音语言，通过教学、创制书写体系，延续桑人的语言与民族身份。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：非洲南部许多原本富含搭嘴音的语言已经消亡。根据下文“It has but two known surviving fluent speakers”以及“have”可知，此空是died out，意为“消亡，灭绝”。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：因为搭嘴音体系复杂，这支散居桑人群体的N|uu语，属于人类最惊人的创造成果之一。“among humanity’s most”后接名词复数creations，意为“创造物，成果”。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：N|uu是已知仅有的三种具备双唇吻搭嘴音的语言之一。根据固定搭配be known to do sth.以及句意可知，此空是动词原形feature，意为“以……为特色，具有”。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：听她讲N|uu语十分令人惊叹，仿佛两条音轨同时播放，常规话语间点缀着轻柔爆破音。根据“as if two tracks are playing at once”以及“is”可知，此空填形容词astonishing，意为“令人惊叹的”，作表语。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：伊丽莎白港近期更名为Gqeberha，这是一个科萨语单词(科萨语和祖鲁语同为南非使用最广泛的本土语言)，该词以一个搭嘴音开头。that引导定语从句，先行词a word是单数，从句谓语用begins。begin with是固定搭配，意为“以……开头”。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果很多人都难以发出Gqeberha这个音，试想N|uu语有45种这类搭嘴音。本句为祈使句，用动词原形consider，意为“试想，想一想”。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：Esau女士把晚年全部投入这门语言的教学。根据“has”以及“to teaching”可知，此空是过去分词dedicated。dedicate...to...是固定搭配，意为“投身于”。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：她长期埋藏这门语言，因为早年白人雇主禁止她讲。根据“buried”以及“her from speaking”可知，此空是动词过去式forbade。forbid sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“禁止某人做某事”。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：它曾被认定灭绝，直到90年代，一位N|uu使用者在广播上呼吁会说该语言的人站出来。根据“It was thought extinct”、“appealed”以及不定式符号“to”可知，此空是动词短语原形come forward，意为“挺身而出”。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：两位语言学家Sheena Shah和Matthias Brenzinger联合当地人，用拓展拉丁字母体系来转写这门拥有114个基础音素的丰富语言。根据不定式符号“to”以及句意可知，此空是动词原形translate，意为“转写”。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. possession B. poverty C. prejudice D. profound E. procedure F. rebellious G. recreational H. priority I. register J. receptionist K. recognize 31. We should fight against racial ________ in our daily life. 32. Her experience had a ________ influence on her choice of career. 33. The nurse explained the medical ________ to the patient carefully. 34. Many teenagers feel ________ and want more freedom. 35. Reading and hiking are common ________ activities. 36. Health should be your top ________ when you are busy. 37. Please ________ your name before entering the hall. 38. The ________ at the front desk greeted me with a smile. 39. I could hardly ________ him after ten years. 40. He lost all his ________ in the big fire. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. E 34. F 35. G 36. H 37. I 38. J 39. K 40. A 【解析】 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们应当在日常生活中反对种族偏见。根据句中fight against racial可知，此处表示反对种族偏见，空处应使用prejudice，作宾语。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她的经历对她的职业选择有着深远的影响。根据句中influence on her choice of career可知，此处表示她的经历对职业选择有深远的影响，空处应使用profound，修饰名词influence，作定语。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：护士仔细地向病人讲解医疗流程。根据句中The nurse可知，此处表示护士讲解医疗流程，空处应使用procedure，作宾语。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：很多青少年具有叛逆心理，想要更多自由。根据句中want more freedom可知，此处表示很多青少年具有叛逆心理，空处应使用rebellious，作表语。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：阅读和徒步是常见的休闲活动。根据句中Reading and hiking以及常识可知，此处表示阅读和徒步是休闲活动，空处应使用recreational，作定语，修饰activities。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：忙碌的时候，健康应该是你的首要事项。根据句中Health可知，此处表示健康应该是首要事项，空处应使用priority，作表语。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：进入大厅前请登记你的名字。根据句中before entering the hall可知，此处表示进入大厅前登记名字，空处应使用register，本句为祈使句，Please后接动词原形。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：前台的接待员微笑着向我打招呼。根据句中at the front desk greeted me可知，此处表示前台的接待员打招呼，空处应使用receptionist，作主语。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：十年之后，我几乎认不出他了。根据句中after ten years可知，此处表示几乎认不出他，空处应使用recognize，could是情态动词，后面接动词原形形式。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：他在大火中失去了所有财物。根据句中in the big fire可知，此处表示在大火中失去了所有财物，空处应使用possession，all his后接名词，作宾语。 IV. Reading Comprehension: Section A (30%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Seaweed’s secrets Seaweed (海草) can tell marine scientists a lot about climate change. Here’s how to help them on your holiday, says Layal Liverpool. Planning a trip to the beach? If you are holidaying in the UK, remember to cast a(n) ____41____ eye over the seaweed lying around. What you see could help monitor the impact of climate change on ____42____. Seaweed, including kelp forests (海草林), is a key component of marine ecosystems globally. The sea around the UK alone is home to more than 600 species. ____43____ they are being threatened by rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification and increases in non-native species. By participating in this year’s Big Seaweed Search, you can help scientists ____44____ how seaweed species around the UK are changing as oceans acidify and sea temperatures rise. Get started by ____45____ bigseaweedsearch.org. The Big Seaweed Search team recommends that you begin your search an hour before low tide because this is both the safest time for ___46___ beach scientists and the best time to spot seaweed. Select a 5-metre-wide strip that runs from the top of the shore to the sea. Starting at the bottom of this strip with your back to the sea, photograph the area to show the ____47____ when you did the survey. Then, walking away from the sea, explore your strip, photographing and noting details of any of 14 target species you ____48____. You can ____49____ these species using the guide on the survey website. When you have finished, submit your findings and upload your photos to the website (or you can send them in the post). Information collected through the Big Seaweed Search and similar research projects shows that the proportion of ____50____ seaweed species is increasing. In the UK, the figure has risen from 6 to 7 per cent over the past five years. “We know that the number of alien species is increasing, so we’re ____51____ to see where people are finding them,” scientists say. Noticing the ____52____ of species is important, too, because recognizing threatened species helps guide conservation efforts. If you don’t have access to a ____53____ or you live outside the UK, you can take part in other marine science without even leaving your home. The Floating Forests project asks ____54____ to browse satellite images online to spot giant kelp forests. This helps scientists who are studying how these forests change over time. ____55____, if you enjoy playing games, you can download NASA’s NeMO-Net game on your smartphone or tablet and score points as you help the agency to classify coral reefs. 41. A. cold B. fresh C. keen D. different 42. A. birds B. human life C. marine life D. plant life 43. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Moreover D. Thus 44. A. decide B. discuss C. invent D. investigate 45. A. discovering B. joining C. understanding D. visiting 46. A. amateur B. experienced C. famous D. old 47. A. conditions B. equipment C. sceneries D. weather 48. A. come across B. come forward C. come out D. come through 49. A. get B. identify C. introduce D. protect 50. A. common B. native C. non-native D. scarce 51. A. confident B. confused C. curious D. happy 52. A. absence B. abundance C. feature D. presence 53. A. coastline B. forest C. grassland D. lake 54. A. scientists B. students C. visitors D. volunteers 55. A. Interestingly B. Alternatively C. Eventually D. Generally 【答案】41. C 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了Big Seaweed Search等公民科学项目，普通人可线下或线上参与海草观测，助力科学家研究气候变化对海洋生物的影响。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你在英国度假，记得留心观察周围的海草。A. cold寒冷的；B. fresh新鲜的；C. keen敏锐的；D. different不同的。根据下文“What you see could help monitor the impact of climate change”可知，此处是指仔细留意海草。 【42题详解】 考查名词(短语)。句意：你的观察可以帮助监测气候变化对海洋生物的影响。A. birds鸟类；B. human life人类生活；C. marine life海洋生物；D. plant life植物。根据第一段“Seaweed (海草) can tell marine scientists a lot about climate change.”以及第三段“a key component of marine ecosystems”可知，海草属于海洋生态，研究关乎海洋生物。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，它们正受到海水升温、海洋酸化以及外来物种增多的威胁。A. However然而；B. Meanwhile与此同时；C. Moreover此外；D. Thus因此。根据上文“The sea around the UK alone is home to more than 600 species.”以及下文“they are being threatened”可知，前讲海草物种丰富，后讲其面临威胁，存在转折关系。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：参与今年的大型海草搜寻项目，你可以帮助科学家调查随着海洋酸化、海水升温，英国周边海草物种正在发生怎样的变化。A. decide决定；B. discuss讨论；C. invent发明；D. investigate调查。根据下文“how seaweed species around the UK are changing as oceans acidify and sea temperatures rise”可知，科学家要探究海草的变化情况。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：你可以通过访问bigseaweedsearch.org网站开启搜寻。A. discovering发现；B. joining加入；C. understanding理解；D. visiting访问。根据下文“bigseaweedsearch.org”可知，此处是指访问该网站。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该搜寻团队建议你在低潮前一小时开始搜寻，因为这个时间对业余海滩科研爱好者来说最安全，也最容易发现海草。A. amateur业余的；B. experienced有经验的；C. famous著名的；D. old年老的。根据第二段“Planning a trip to the beach? If you are holidaying in the UK”可知，参与者是度假的普通游客，属于业余爱好者。 【47题详解】 考查名词。句意：从这片区域底端背朝大海开始，拍下照片记录你开展调查时的环境状况。A. conditions状况；B. equipment设备；C. sceneries风景；D. weather天气。根据上文“photograph the area”可知，拍照是为了记录调查现场的环境情况。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：接着，远离大海往前走，在这片区域搜寻，把你偶遇的14种目标物种拍照并记录细节。A. come across偶遇；B. come forward主动站出来；C. come out出来；D. come through经受住。根据上文“any of 14 target species”可知，此处是指搜寻过程中碰到目标物种。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：你可以借助调查网站上的图鉴识别这些物种。A. get得到；B. identify识别；C. introduce介绍；D. protect保护。根据下文“using the guide on the survey website”可知，此处是指依靠网站上的参考指南来辨认物种。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：通过大型海草搜寻及同类科研项目收集的信息显示，外来海草物种的占比正在上升。A. common常见的；B. native本土的；C. non-native外来的；D. scarce稀少的。根据下文“We know that the number of alien species is increasing”可知，alien species对应non-native species。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们知道外来物种数量正在增加，所以我们很好奇人们会在哪里发现它们。A. confident自信的；B. confused困惑的；C. curious好奇的；D. happy开心的。根据下文“to see where people are finding them”可知，科学家想要了解物种分布地点，对此心怀好奇。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：留意物种的存在也十分重要，因为识别受威胁物种有助于指导保护工作。A. absence缺席；B. abundance大量；C. feature特征；D. presence存在。根据上文“where people are finding them”以及下文“recognizing threatened species helps guide conservation efforts”可知，重点是记录物种是否出现。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你无法去到海岸线，或者居住在英国以外，足不出户也可以参与其他海洋科研项目。A. coastline海岸线；B. forest森林；C. grassland草地；D. lake湖泊。根据第二段“Planning a trip to the beach”可知，线下观测地点是海边。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：“漂浮森林”项目邀请志愿者在线浏览卫星图像，定位巨型海草林。A. scientists科学家；B. students学生；C. visitors游客；D. volunteers志愿者。根据上文“you can take part in other marine science without even leaving your home”可知，该项目面向普通人招募参与者，也就是志愿者。 【55题详解】 考查副词。句意：或者，如果你喜欢玩游戏，你可以在手机或者平板上下载NASA的NeMO-Net游戏，在帮助该机构给珊瑚礁分类的同时赚取积分。A. Interestingly有趣的是；B. Alternatively或者；C. Eventually最终；D. Generally通常。根据倒数第二段“The Floating Forests project asks ____ to browse satellite images online to spot giant kelp forests.”可知，前面介绍一种线上参与方式，此处提供另一种可选方式。 Section B (8%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Do we really need to protect every species? Focus on individuals or entire ecosystems? Scientists disagree. Species extinction occurred long before humans set foot on Earth. By that definition, it’s a natural process. But today, extinctions are increasing rapidly — and very often linked to human activities. Take the Bramble Cay melomys, a small rodent (啮齿动物) on a remote island with no humans living there. In 2016, it became the first mammal to die out due to climate change. Some conservationists mourned, but others questioned whether every extinction is something to worry about. In the face of tough decisions about human lifestyles and the climate crisis, a split among scientists is surfacing. Losing one species may not change life as we know it, so perhaps our limited conservation resources should focus on preserving the biodiversity in those systems where it benefits humans. Sometimes, such as when dense forests prevent landslides (山体滑坡), a great diversity of species isn’t needed to perform this function. Essentially, we must ask the question: How should we value life? The claim: Protect ecosystems, not species Peter Kareiva is the CEO of the Aquarium of the Pacific. He thinks the term biodiversity crisis wrongly inflatesⁿ the role of individual nonhuman species in human well-being and prosperity, when in reality, entire ecosystems are more important. Kareiva adheres to a metaphor developed by biologist Paul Ehrlich: Nature is like an airplane, and species are the rivets (铆钉) that hold it together. If you remove a few rivets, the plane remains functional. Remove too many, and it will crash. The trouble is we don’t know how many rivets we can take out. Instead of trying to nail down that number, we’d better focus on an ecosystem’s functions — that is, keeping the plane in the sky, rather than saving every rivet. “The first question you may ask is, if this species goes functionally extinct, what difference will it make to our world?” A scientist’s role, he says, should be to answer that question as the evidence society uses to decide whether a species needs to be saved. It is up to society to weigh its social and cultural values against the cost of protecting a species; i.e. whether to spend hard-to-find money on conservation or other projects. The counterpoint: Morals matter Tierra Curry is both a scientist and activist with the Center for Biological Diversity. Because of cash crunch (资金短缺), she is often forced to concentrate efforts on protecting a more famous species, like the monarch butterfly, rather than the seemingly mundane freshwater mussels (蚌), which she used to decorate her walls. For Curry, allowing a species to go extinct is wrong. Valuing the natural world in terms of how each individual species benefits humans may be too narrow a view, she says. “We’re not always looking at the right metrics (指标).” For instance, genetic diversity (基因多样性) can make ecosystems resilient in the face of drastic changes like climate change and disease. A single invasive species may replace native species and accomplish an ecosystem function in the short term, but, in the long term, it could easily be wiped out by a disease. Diversity also brings honest allure, Curry says. “It’s the box of 128 crayons versus the box of eight crayons. No kid wants the box of eight crayons on the first day of school, when they could have the box of 128 crayons.” Curry’s main motivation, however, is morality. Mass global extinctions have happened five times before, but humans have the capacity to understand that we are causing this one. “Because we know,” she says, “I think we have the moral responsibility to take care of all the species.” 56. According to the article, scientists disagree on ________. A. whether every species should be saved B. who is to be blamed for climate change C. whether the extinction of species is a natural process D. how many resources should be used to protect biodiversity 57. Peter Kareiva uses the metaphor of an airplane and its rivets mainly to support that ________. A. an airplane cannot fly without rivets B. species variety is an essential part of nature C. nature will remain powerful even if some species go extinct D. our attention should be paid to an ecosystem’s functions rather than saving every species 58. According to Peter Kareiva, which of the following statements is true? A. Society should get sufficient funding to invest in conservation. B. Scientists should consider the social and cultural values behind protecting a species. C. Society should decide whether to save a species based on people’s preference. D. Scientists should offer evidence of how extinctions of certain species could affect the world. 59. The phrase “looking at the right metrics” (para. 7) means to value the natural world in terms of ________. A. how each individual species can benefit humans B. how much effort is required to protect different species C. how various species are able to benefit ecosystems in the long term D. how much money can be gained from preserving ecosystem services 【答案】56. A 57. D 58. D 59. C 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕是否需要保护每一个物种展开论述，呈现了科学家两类截然不同的保护观点。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Focus on individuals or entire ecosystems? Scientists disagree. (把重点放在单个物种还是整个生态系统上？科学家们对此意见不一。)”以及下文一派支持不必拯救所有物种，另一派认为人类有道德责任保护全部物种可知，科学家们在是否每个物种都应当被保护这件事上存在分歧。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据The claim部分第二段“Instead of trying to nail down that number, we ’ d better focus on an ecosystem’s functions — that is, keeping the plane in the sky, rather than saving every rivet. (与其试图确定这个数量，我们不如关注生态系统的功能——也就是保证飞机正常飞行，而不是救下每一颗铆钉。)”可知，该比喻意在说明我们应该关注生态系统的功能，而不是拯救每一个物种。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据The claim部分第二段“if this species goes functionally extinct, what difference will it make to our world? (如果这个物种功能性灭绝，会对我们的世界产生什么影响？)”以及第三段“A scientist’s role, he says, should be to answer that question as the evidence society uses to decide whether a species needs to be saved. (他说，科学家的职责就是回答这个问题，以此作为社会判断是否需要拯救某一物种的依据。)”可知，科学家需要提供证据，阐明部分物种灭绝会对世界造成什么影响。 【59题详解】 词句猜测题。根据The counterpoint部分第二段“Valuing the natural world in terms of how each individual species benefits humans may be too narrow a view...For instance, genetic diversity (基因多样性) can make ecosystems resilient in the face of drastic changes like climate change and disease. (仅仅依据单个物种对人类有何益处来评估自然界，这个视角或许过于狭隘……例如，面对气候变化、疾病这类剧烈变化，基因多样性能够让生态系统具备恢复能力。)”可知，作者认为不应只看物种对人类的短期益处，而应看重基因多样性能让生态系统在面对长期剧烈变化时保持韧性(resilient)。 因此，“looking at the right metrics (看正确的指标)”是指评估自然世界时，应该看各种物种如何在长期内使整个生态系统受益(而非仅仅对人类有益，或只关注短期效果)。 Section C 8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Is gaming good for kids? Gamers, have you ever noticed that you’re the first person to spot animals at the zoo? Or if someone drops candy on the ground, you know exactly where every piece landed? That may be because you play video games. Research has shown people who play video games like Fortnite or Rocket League have higher visual acuity, meaning they can keep track of multiple moving objects at once — or even see things in the fog or rain that others cannot. It’s one of the many benefits researchers like me have discovered about playing video games. ____60____ Developing skills When you keep an eye on your enemies, grab the best loot and change your inventory without even looking at the controller, you are essentially flexing your brain. Your brain loves challenges like this — and can actually grow from playing video games. ____61____ Video games can develop other skills, too. For example, they can teach you to never give up, no matter how many times it takes to beat the final boss or reach the next level. ____62____ Think about your favorite games. They give you lots of different problems with multiple solutions, which makes you realize solving problems can be really fun. And, of course, one of the very best things about playing video games is the friends. Applying skills to real life While you can turn on a video game and quickly feel powerful, in charge and popular, it’s good to remember games are a little like playing life on the easiest settings. Real life tends to be more challenging. But think about how you get bored playing a game on the easiest setting — and how it suddenly becomes fun again when you increase the difficulty. ____63____ Take learning how to play an instrument, for example. I found that learning how to play a guitar is way harder and more frustrating than playing Rock Band on the hardest setting. But it’s so much more fun to shred a guitar in real life than it is to play one on Rock Band. So enjoy developing your skills by playing video games. A. The persistence you use in video games shows that hard work will help you achieve your goals, both inside and outside the video game. B. Video games provide friends a digital playground where helping and sharing is encouraged and often required. C. For the same reason, life can be more rewarding than video games. D. But also ask yourself: Are you up for the challenges waiting for you outside video games? E. For those who think video games are a waste of time or a negative force in your life, it might be worth showing them what the latest science has to say. F. It is one reason why video game players make better surgeons and why some doctors even use video games to warm up before big surgeries. 【答案】60. E 61. F 62. A 63. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子游戏能提升视觉灵敏度、锻炼大脑、培养坚持、解决问题等多种能力，并指出可以把游戏中的技能运用到现实生活中，帮助人们更好地面对挑战。 【60题详解】 上文“It’s one of the many benefits researchers like me have discovered about playing video games.(这是像我这样的研究人员发现的玩电子游戏的众多好处之一。)”说明了电子游戏有很多益处。选项E“对于那些认为电子游戏浪费时间或对你生活有负面影响的人来说，也许值得向他们展示最新的科学研究结论”承接上文，引出下文对游戏益处的具体介绍。故选E。 【61题详解】 上文“When you keep an eye on your enemies, grab the best loot and change your inventory without even looking at the controller, you are essentially flexing your brain. Your brain loves challenges like this — and can actually grow from playing video games.(当你留意敌人、抢夺最好的战利品、不用看手柄就能更换物品时，你实际上是在锻炼大脑。你的大脑喜欢这样的挑战——而且玩电子游戏确实能让大脑成长。)”说明了电子游戏能锻炼大脑。选项F“这就是为什么电子游戏玩家能成为更优秀的外科医生，以及为什么有些医生甚至在大手术前用电子游戏热身的原因之一”承接上文，用现实例子证明游戏对大脑和能力的提升。故选F。 【62题详解】 上文“Video games can develop other skills, too. For example, they can teach you to never give up, no matter how many times it takes to beat the final boss or reach the next level.(电子游戏还能培养其他技能。例如，它们能教会你永不放弃，无论要多少次才能打败最终BOSS或到达下一关。)”说明了游戏能培养坚持不放弃的品质。选项A“你在电子游戏中培养的毅力表明，努力会帮你实现目标，无论是在游戏内还是游戏外”承接上文，进一步说明坚持的意义。故选A。 【63题详解】 上文“But think about how you get bored playing a game on the easiest setting — and how it suddenly becomes fun again when you increase the difficulty.(但想想你在最简单难度下玩游戏会感到无聊——而当你提高难度时，游戏又突然变得有趣起来。)”说明了难度提升会让游戏更有乐趣。选项C“出于同样的原因，现实生活可能比电子游戏带来更大的收获”承接上文，将游戏道理类比到现实生活。故选C。 V. Summary (84)（15%） 64. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids. When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them. A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money. For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，最新的研究表明，在美国超过30%的儿童生活在严重贫困中。政府需要进一步采取措施，许多学者认为给有孩子的家庭发放补贴可以缓解儿童贫困。 【详解】1 要点摘录①According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. ②Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. ③Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough. ④A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. ⑤For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. 2.缜密构思将1、2点一起整合，然后将其余3点分别概括。 3.遣词造句 The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore. Government have made policies to relieve child poverty, which is not enough due to some reasons. Given more money, families in poverty can improve their standard of living and provide them with education. It is only a little money that can make a big difference. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The latest studies show that more than 30%of children live with a significant deprivation, which is too bad to ignore.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句非常高级。 [高分句型2]：It is only a little money that can make a big difference.用强调句对最后一段进行了概括，表达比较高级。 VI Translation: 19% （4+4 +5 +6） 65. 经常锻炼是保持积极乐观的一个重要因素。（basis, contributor）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Regular exercise, as a basis, is an important contributor to maintaining a positive and optimistic attitude. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“经常锻炼”应用regular exercise，作主语；表示“作为基础”应用as a basis，介词短语作插入语；表示“是”应用is，作系动词，时态用一般现在时表客观事实；表示“一个重要因素”应用an important contributor，作表语；表示“保持积极乐观的（心态）”应用maintaining a positive and optimistic attitude，介词to后面接动名词，构成固定搭配contributor to doing sth。 66. 随着线上课程越来越普及，亲自去教室上课已经不那么必要了。（necessity）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As online courses become increasingly popular, there is less necessity to attend classes in the classroom in person. 【解析】 【详解】表示“随着线上课程越来越普及”译为as引导时间状语从句，为as online courses become increasingly popular，描述当前普遍的客观趋势，使用一般现在时；主句为there be句型，表示“不那么必要”为there is less necessity to do sth.；表示“亲自去教室上课”表达为attend classes in the classroom in person；表示“不那么必要”，整句描述客观现状，用一般现在时。 67. 直到你用心感受，你才会发现亲近大自然会对你的身心健康产生奇效。（wonder, not until）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Not until you feel it with your heart will you find that getting close to nature works wonders for your physical and mental health. 【解析】 【详解】表示“直到……才……”句型为not until，引导时间状语从句，且本句将Not until置于句首，符合英文句式要求，此时主句需部分倒装，将助动词will提至主语you之前；表示“用心感受”表达为feel it with your heart；表示“亲近大自然”表达为get close to nature，此处作宾语从句的主语，需转换为动名词形式getting close to nature；表示“产生奇效”表达为work wonders；表示“身心健康”表达为physical and mental health；not until引导时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时表将来含义，主句用一般将来时。 68. 在欠发达地区保护生态，并建造可供蝴蝶躲避暴风雨天气的花园，是至关重要的。（shelter）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In less developed areas, it is vital to protect the ecology and build gardens where butterflies can shelter from stormy weather. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“在欠发达地区”应用in less developed areas，介词短语作地点状语；表示“保护生态并建造花园”应用protect the ecology and build gardens，是真正主语；it作形式主语；表示“至关重要的”应用vital，作表语；where引导定语从句修饰gardens；表示“蝴蝶”应用butterflies，作从句主语；表示“躲避”应用shelter from，作从句谓语；表示“暴风雨天气”应用stormy weather，作介词from的宾语。整句时态用一般现在时表客观事实。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市复旦中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月教学质量调研 英语试卷 试卷分值：150分 考试时间：120分钟 I. Listening Comprehension: (30%) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A student. B. A journalist. C. A policewoman. D. A waitress. 2. A. In Washington. B. In Shanghai. C. In Singapore. D. In Spain. 3. A. To a bookstore. B. To a furniture shop. C. To an art school. D. To a clothing store. 4. A. The man stayed up to prepare for the test. B. The man went back home late last night. C. The man didn't study hard during the day. D. The man hired a tutor for Biology learning. 5. A. She prefers to eat at home. B. She dislikes Japanese food. C. She wants to pay for the meal. D. She plans to order the food. 6. A. Go to the front of the line. B. Apologize to the woman. C. Accept the woman's apology. D. Let the woman go ahead of him. 7. A. She can speak English very fast. B. She has no time to learn English. C. Her spoken English is still not good. D. Her memory for English expressions is good. 8. A. The speech was not worth listening to. B. The speaker didn't speak loud enough. C. The speaker was too far away from him. D. The speech was too difficult to understand. 9. A. The strawberries are not fresh enough. B. Fruit is not allowed before lunch time. C. There are plenty of strawberries on the table. D. The strawberries will be served during lunch. 10. A. The man should take a seat in the front. B. The man's glasses are too weak. C. The man should wear his glasses in class. D. The man's glasses are out of fashion. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The use of the leap year. B. The inventor of the leap year. C. The change of the leap year. D. The mystery of the leap year. 12. A. To celebrate the birth of Julius Caesar. B. To even out an astronomical year. C. To make the calendar match Earth's orbit. D. To let the calendar become more unique. 13. A. A leap year is divisible by 100. B. A leap year often seemed full of troubles. C. Every century year is a leap year. D. The latest century-year leap year was 2000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of using paper bags. B. The issues of plastic alternatives. C. The process of making eco-friendly packing. D. The advantages of using glass bottles. 15. A. Boosted decomposition rates in nature. B. Lower cost and energy efficiency. C. Elevated material and production expenses. D. Total absence of environmental impact. 16. A. They require much water to produce. B. They have lower energy footprint. C. They need no tree cutting for production. D. They break down in special facilities. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear a longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 and 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. The number of tourists on the island. B. Renting bikes and motorbikes on the island. C. The popularity of the island with tourists. D. Different ways of getting around the island. 18. A. To exercise on her vacation. B. To teach her friends how to ride a bike. C. To practice her driving skills. D. To explore the island during her holiday. 19. A. An entire day. B. Half a day. C. Two hours. D. No time limit. 20. A. 12 years old. B. 14 years old. C.16 years old. D.18 years old. II. Grammar: (20%) Section A Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. 1. Researchers ________ (discover) years ago that simple small acts make us feel good. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. We ________ (hope) to enjoy a relaxing weekend, but bad weather ruined our pleasant plan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. Amazing changes ________ (take place) in our daily life as more people learn to care for their feelings these years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. She ________ (set up) her own quiet reading corner by the time she was twelve, where she could feel peaceful. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5. I believe this warm story is worth ________ (read) again when you feel upset. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6. Many volunteers have kept helping the elderly ________ they joined the community project. (用适当的词填空) 7. She was preparing her speech ________ she received a warm encouraging message. (用适当的词填空) 8. You can make a big difference ________ you lose heart before trying. (用适当的词填空) 9. ________ it may take long to see results, small efforts can make a real difference. (用适当的词填空) 10. We keep a gratitude diary ________ ________ we can always remember the small things that make us feel good. (用适当的词填空) Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Finnish architect observes city’s shifting rhythms Almost every day, Finnish architect Jarmo Suominen rides his bike through Shanghai — not toward a destination, but into the city’s rhythm. He carries no map. Beneath clotheslines and tangled wires, he stops to observe and sketch. For Suominen, a professor at Tongji University, curiosity fuels both his work and life. His students call him Sou Sou, meaning “search” — a nickname ____11____ reflects his constant exploration. His bike rides are a form of engagement — a way to witness ____12____ people and places interact. “In Shanghai, you never know what you’ll find,” he told Shanghai Daily. “You turn down an alley (小巷子) and suddenly you’re in a hidden garden behind a dead-end. People create these little worlds. It’s amazing.” He values Shanghai’s “sensitive renewal,” a process ____13____ (drive) as much by residents as by government departments. “The street is ____14____ life happens,” he said. “The government might renovate facades (外立面), but inside, people make small, gradual upgrades. It’s not about replacing everything, but about letting people shape their future.” One of his favorite examples is a car repair shop near his home. “Every night, it transforms into a nightclub ____15____ talks, performances and movie screenings. It wasn’t designed to be one — it just became one.” For Suominen, the street is a canvas, always evolving with the people inhabiting it. A man playing saxophone in an alley or a chess game under sycamores (梧桐树) ____16____ (become), through his eyes, a sign of constant transformation. “The soul of a place,” he said, “isn’t in the architecture. It’s in the life around ____17____: the feeling that you’re welcome, ____18____you’re a stranger.” Suominen has filled more than 20 sketchbooks with these scenes, each ____19____ (reveal) the dynamic interplay between people and space. “In older neighborhoods, you see lives spilling into the streets — something unique to China, especially Shanghai,” he added. “In Finland, where the cold keeps people inside, you ____20____ hardly observe people’s values and habits in the same way.” III. Vocabulary: (20%) Section A (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. astonishing B. begins with C. come forward D. come out E. consider F. creations G. dedicated H. died out I. feature J. forbade K. translate Saving a language with 45 clicks Only two fluent speakers of N|uu survive. Both are in their 80s. Two and a half millennia ago the San had southern Africa to themselves, living lightly on the land as hunter gatherers. Then came the Khoekhoen from the northeast to take some of the San’s hunting grounds for their cattle. The 17th century Dutch incomers called the hunter-gatherers “Boesmans” (“Bushmen”) after their habitat, while the Khoekhoen were “Hottentots”. The word Hottentot may mimic the click sound of the Khoekhoen’s speech. Africa is the only continent where clicks act as a kind of consonant in basic word building sounds. Many of southern Africa’s original click rich languages have ____21____. For the complexity of its clicks, the N|uu language of a long-scattered subgroup of the San is among humanity’s most startling ____22____. It has but two known surviving fluent speakers, both in their 80s. The bar after the N indicates a particular click of the tongue against the teeth. N|uu is one of just three languages known to ____23____ a kiss-click made with both lips. Katrina Esau is one of the surviving pair. To hear her speak N|uu is ____24____, as if two tracks are playing at once, with “normal” speech overlaid with a peppering of soft explosions. Port Elizabeth has recently been renamed Gqeberha, a word in Xhosa (South Africa’s most widely spoken indigenous language, along with Zulu) that ____25____ a click. If the skill of pronouncing Gqeberha eludes (难住) many, ____26____ that N|uu has 45 such sounds. Ms Esau has ____27____ her last years to teaching it. Illiterate, she uses a schoolroom next to her home to teach people in her Northern Cape community through song, play and images. “I didn’t learn this language; It was in my blood,” says Ms Esau in “Lost Tongue”, a film about N|uu made in 2016. “But I buried it at the back of my head.” She buried it because long ago her white employers ____28____ her from speaking it. It was thought extinct until the 1990s, when a N|uu speaker, Elsie Vaalbooi, appealed on the radio for speakers to ____29____. A N|uu writing system has recently been developed. Esau’s granddaughter, Claudia Snyman, now teaches the written language. Sheena Shah and Matthias Brenzinger, both linguists, worked with locals to ____30____ this rich language of 114 basic units of sound with an extended version of the Latin alphabet. They hope the language’s revival may help rebuild the San’s identity. Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. possession B. poverty C. prejudice D. profound E. procedure F. rebellious G. recreational H. priority I. register J. receptionist K. recognize 31. We should fight against racial ________ in our daily life. 32. Her experience had a ________ influence on her choice of career. 33. The nurse explained the medical ________ to the patient carefully. 34. Many teenagers feel ________ and want more freedom. 35. Reading and hiking are common ________ activities. 36. Health should be your top ________ when you are busy. 37. Please ________ your name before entering the hall. 38. The ________ at the front desk greeted me with a smile. 39. I could hardly ________ him after ten years. 40. He lost all his ________ in the big fire. IV. Reading Comprehension: Section A (30%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Seaweed’s secrets Seaweed (海草) can tell marine scientists a lot about climate change. Here’s how to help them on your holiday, says Layal Liverpool. Planning a trip to the beach? If you are holidaying in the UK, remember to cast a(n) ____41____ eye over the seaweed lying around. What you see could help monitor the impact of climate change on ____42____. Seaweed, including kelp forests (海草林), is a key component of marine ecosystems globally. The sea around the UK alone is home to more than 600 species. ____43____ they are being threatened by rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification and increases in non-native species. By participating in this year’s Big Seaweed Search, you can help scientists ____44____ how seaweed species around the UK are changing as oceans acidify and sea temperatures rise. Get started by ____45____ bigseaweedsearch.org. The Big Seaweed Search team recommends that you begin your search an hour before low tide because this is both the safest time for ___46___ beach scientists and the best time to spot seaweed. Select a 5-metre-wide strip that runs from the top of the shore to the sea. Starting at the bottom of this strip with your back to the sea, photograph the area to show the ____47____ when you did the survey. Then, walking away from the sea, explore your strip, photographing and noting details of any of 14 target species you ____48____. You can ____49____ these species using the guide on the survey website. When you have finished, submit your findings and upload your photos to the website (or you can send them in the post). Information collected through the Big Seaweed Search and similar research projects shows that the proportion of ____50____ seaweed species is increasing. In the UK, the figure has risen from 6 to 7 per cent over the past five years. “We know that the number of alien species is increasing, so we’re ____51____ to see where people are finding them,” scientists say. Noticing the ____52____ of species is important, too, because recognizing threatened species helps guide conservation efforts. If you don’t have access to a ____53____ or you live outside the UK, you can take part in other marine science without even leaving your home. The Floating Forests project asks ____54____ to browse satellite images online to spot giant kelp forests. This helps scientists who are studying how these forests change over time. ____55____, if you enjoy playing games, you can download NASA’s NeMO-Net game on your smartphone or tablet and score points as you help the agency to classify coral reefs. 41. A. cold B. fresh C. keen D. different 42. A. birds B. human life C. marine life D. plant life 43. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Moreover D. Thus 44. A. decide B. discuss C. invent D. investigate 45. A. discovering B. joining C. understanding D. visiting 46. A. amateur B. experienced C. famous D. old 47. A. conditions B. equipment C. sceneries D. weather 48. A. come across B. come forward C. come out D. come through 49. A. get B. identify C. introduce D. protect 50. A. common B. native C. non-native D. scarce 51. A. confident B. confused C. curious D. happy 52. A. absence B. abundance C. feature D. presence 53. A. coastline B. forest C. grassland D. lake 54. A. scientists B. students C. visitors D. volunteers 55. A. Interestingly B. Alternatively C. Eventually D. Generally Section B (8%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Do we really need to protect every species? Focus on individuals or entire ecosystems? Scientists disagree. Species extinction occurred long before humans set foot on Earth. By that definition, it’s a natural process. But today, extinctions are increasing rapidly — and very often linked to human activities. Take the Bramble Cay melomys, a small rodent (啮齿动物) on a remote island with no humans living there. In 2016, it became the first mammal to die out due to climate change. Some conservationists mourned, but others questioned whether every extinction is something to worry about. In the face of tough decisions about human lifestyles and the climate crisis, a split among scientists is surfacing. Losing one species may not change life as we know it, so perhaps our limited conservation resources should focus on preserving the biodiversity in those systems where it benefits humans. Sometimes, such as when dense forests prevent landslides (山体滑坡), a great diversity of species isn’t needed to perform this function. Essentially, we must ask the question: How should we value life? The claim: Protect ecosystems, not species Peter Kareiva is the CEO of the Aquarium of the Pacific. He thinks the term biodiversity crisis wrongly inflatesⁿ the role of individual nonhuman species in human well-being and prosperity, when in reality, entire ecosystems are more important. Kareiva adheres to a metaphor developed by biologist Paul Ehrlich: Nature is like an airplane, and species are the rivets (铆钉) that hold it together. If you remove a few rivets, the plane remains functional. Remove too many, and it will crash. The trouble is we don’t know how many rivets we can take out. Instead of trying to nail down that number, we’d better focus on an ecosystem’s functions — that is, keeping the plane in the sky, rather than saving every rivet. “The first question you may ask is, if this species goes functionally extinct, what difference will it make to our world?” A scientist’s role, he says, should be to answer that question as the evidence society uses to decide whether a species needs to be saved. It is up to society to weigh its social and cultural values against the cost of protecting a species; i.e. whether to spend hard-to-find money on conservation or other projects. The counterpoint: Morals matter Tierra Curry is both a scientist and activist with the Center for Biological Diversity. Because of cash crunch (资金短缺), she is often forced to concentrate efforts on protecting a more famous species, like the monarch butterfly, rather than the seemingly mundane freshwater mussels (蚌), which she used to decorate her walls. For Curry, allowing a species to go extinct is wrong. Valuing the natural world in terms of how each individual species benefits humans may be too narrow a view, she says. “We’re not always looking at the right metrics (指标).” For instance, genetic diversity (基因多样性) can make ecosystems resilient in the face of drastic changes like climate change and disease. A single invasive species may replace native species and accomplish an ecosystem function in the short term, but, in the long term, it could easily be wiped out by a disease. Diversity also brings honest allure, Curry says. “It’s the box of 128 crayons versus the box of eight crayons. No kid wants the box of eight crayons on the first day of school, when they could have the box of 128 crayons.” Curry’s main motivation, however, is morality. Mass global extinctions have happened five times before, but humans have the capacity to understand that we are causing this one. “Because we know,” she says, “I think we have the moral responsibility to take care of all the species.” 56. According to the article, scientists disagree on ________. A. whether every species should be saved B. who is to be blamed for climate change C. whether the extinction of species is a natural process D. how many resources should be used to protect biodiversity 57. Peter Kareiva uses the metaphor of an airplane and its rivets mainly to support that ________. A. an airplane cannot fly without rivets B. species variety is an essential part of nature C. nature will remain powerful even if some species go extinct D. our attention should be paid to an ecosystem’s functions rather than saving every species 58. According to Peter Kareiva, which of the following statements is true? A. Society should get sufficient funding to invest in conservation. B. Scientists should consider the social and cultural values behind protecting a species. C. Society should decide whether to save a species based on people’s preference. D. Scientists should offer evidence of how extinctions of certain species could affect the world. 59. The phrase “looking at the right metrics” (para. 7) means to value the natural world in terms of ________. A. how each individual species can benefit humans B. how much effort is required to protect different species C. how various species are able to benefit ecosystems in the long term D. how much money can be gained from preserving ecosystem services Section C 8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Is gaming good for kids? Gamers, have you ever noticed that you’re the first person to spot animals at the zoo? Or if someone drops candy on the ground, you know exactly where every piece landed? That may be because you play video games. Research has shown people who play video games like Fortnite or Rocket League have higher visual acuity, meaning they can keep track of multiple moving objects at once — or even see things in the fog or rain that others cannot. It’s one of the many benefits researchers like me have discovered about playing video games. ____60____ Developing skills When you keep an eye on your enemies, grab the best loot and change your inventory without even looking at the controller, you are essentially flexing your brain. Your brain loves challenges like this — and can actually grow from playing video games. ____61____ Video games can develop other skills, too. For example, they can teach you to never give up, no matter how many times it takes to beat the final boss or reach the next level. ____62____ Think about your favorite games. They give you lots of different problems with multiple solutions, which makes you realize solving problems can be really fun. And, of course, one of the very best things about playing video games is the friends. Applying skills to real life While you can turn on a video game and quickly feel powerful, in charge and popular, it’s good to remember games are a little like playing life on the easiest settings. Real life tends to be more challenging. But think about how you get bored playing a game on the easiest setting — and how it suddenly becomes fun again when you increase the difficulty. ____63____ Take learning how to play an instrument, for example. I found that learning how to play a guitar is way harder and more frustrating than playing Rock Band on the hardest setting. But it’s so much more fun to shred a guitar in real life than it is to play one on Rock Band. So enjoy developing your skills by playing video games. A. The persistence you use in video games shows that hard work will help you achieve your goals, both inside and outside the video game. B. Video games provide friends a digital playground where helping and sharing is encouraged and often required. C. For the same reason, life can be more rewarding than video games. D. But also ask yourself: Are you up for the challenges waiting for you outside video games? E. For those who think video games are a waste of time or a negative force in your life, it might be worth showing them what the latest science has to say. F. It is one reason why video game players make better surgeons and why some doctors even use video games to warm up before big surgeries. V. Summary (84)（15%） 64. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Giving Money to Families with Kids Can Relieve Child Poverty Nearly 1 in 5 American children is officially poor. That’s roughly 15 million kids. But the number living with a significant deprivation——insufficient food, seriously overcrowded housing or a lack of access to medical care due to cost-is actually much higher. According to the latest studies, it’s more like 1 in 3. A mountain of evidence now shows that poverty can lead to cognitive (认知的) and emotional damage in children. Child poverty is too harmful and punishing to ignore. A growing number of academics believe there is a solution: the government should give monthly cash allowances, without conditions, to every family with kids. When Michael Harrington’s classic book, The Other America, called attention to America’s general poverty rate of about 25% in 1962, Washington developed social programs that brought the rate down sharply. Valuable policies intended to relieve child poverty have been enacted since then, but they are not enough: 1 in 3 children does not receive the full benefits of these programs because their parents do not qualify for them. A family with two children receiving $300 to $400 a month per child could improve their standard of living immediately. Money can buy food, heat, coats, eye-glasses and regular doctors’ visits, including transportation, and help pay for childcare. It can also help reduce family stress and help parents provide a psychologically nourishing environment for learning and social development. Studies demonstrate children’s improved educational performance when families are simply given more money. For far less money-about $100 billion-the number of children living in official poverty could be cut in half. Such a policy would be a humane, practical, efficient victory for a nation too willing to neglect its poor. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ VI Translation: 19% （4+4 +5 +6） 65. 经常锻炼是保持积极乐观的一个重要因素。（basis, contributor）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 66. 随着线上课程越来越普及，亲自去教室上课已经不那么必要了。（necessity）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 67. 直到你用心感受，你才会发现亲近大自然会对你的身心健康产生奇效。（wonder, not until）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 68. 在欠发达地区保护生态，并建造可供蝴蝶躲避暴风雨天气的花园，是至关重要的。（shelter）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $