精品解析：2026-2027学年天津市宝坻区第一中学高三年级上学期10月月考英语校考试卷

宝坻一中2026-2027学年度第一学期高三年级 第一次统练英语卷 班级：______ 姓名：______ 考号：______ 考场、座位号：______ 试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共115分） 第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What time will the lecture begin? A. At 7:30. B. At 7:45. C. At 7:50. 2. What does the woman say about her father? A. All his pain has disappeared. B. He is advised to go to another hospital. C. Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him. 3. Why was the man late? A. His car broke down. B. He was lost in town. C. There was a car accident. 4. How does the soup taste at last? A. Flavorless. B. Salty. C. Sweet. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to spend their spare time. B. How to quit computer games. C. How to find time to exercise. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。 6. What is Amy doing? A. Having a class. B. Giving some advice. C. Doing a survey. 7. What will Paul do to improve his English pronunciation? A. Repeat difficult sentences. B. Listen to English news. C. Find a tutor. 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Brother and sister. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。 9. Where are the speakers? A. In Ottawa B. In Toronto. C. In Kingston. 10. When will Ariel meet her college friends? A. On Oct. 8th. B. On Oct. 9th. C. On Oct. 10th. 11. What will Joe do next? A. Attend a party. B. Pick up Daniel. C. Go to a car show. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15四个小题。 12. Where does the speaker work? A. In the hospital. B. In the parking lot. C. In the supermarket. 13. What is the old woman? A. A composer. B. A dancer. C. A singer. 14. Why did the old woman ask for help? A. She was weak. B. She was lonely. C. She was scared. 15. What does the speaker think of their talk? A. Disappointing. B. Meaningful. C. Boring. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1. — It is important for students to develop good communication skills. — ________. Effective communication not only enhances academic success but also plays a vital role in personal relationships. A. I hope so. B. I’m afraid not. C. It’s up to you. D. I couldn’t agree more. 2. Regular exercise and a balanced diet help to ________ a healthy state of both body and mind. A. identify B. recommend C. recognize D. maintain 3. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with________. A. patience B. curiosity C. satisfaction D. competition 4. In the article, you need to back up the general statement with ________ examples. A. specific B. responsible C. identical D. convenient 5. With effective measures carried out, the rate of pollution in this region has ________ dropped in the past decade. A. regularly B. originally C. typically D. significantly 6. No one expected that the old friend we had been out of touch with for decades ________ at the party last night. A. turned up B. took up C. caught up D. passed up 7. The school headmaster took active action immediately ________ the education policy of lightening burden. A. in response to B. in exchange for C. in honor of D. in place of 8. ________ to finish the research paper before the deadline, she stayed up late for several nights. A. Being determined B. Determined C. To determine D. Determine 9. —Have you worked here since you graduated? —No, I ________ at a factory in Beijing for six years. A. would work B. have worked C. had worked D. worked 10. There is a warm atmosphere in our classroom ________ makes every student feel relaxed and willing to share ideas. A. where B. what C. that D. when 11. ________ you do make a mistake during the speech, that doesn’t really matter, and you should go on finishing your speech. A. Now that B. Even if C. As though D. In case 12. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do? - No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which 13. ________ to lead the research group last month, Professor Zhang devoted all his spare time to the project. A. Having been appointed B. Appointing C. To be appointed D. Being appointed 14. — I was wondering if I could use your cell phone to check a message. — You ________ have my phone if you promise you won’t see my personal information. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 15. — How do you find my plan for the community-volunteer project? — Perfect! It ________: practical, creative and well-received among students. A. ticks all the right boxes B. has a frog in its throat C. throws the baby out with the bathwater D. kills two birds with one stone 第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It was a cold afternoon and my 5-year-old son Everest and I were walking in Central Park. I just ____16____ Everest from school. We walked down towards the rocks near a lake. He has been fond of ____17____ since he was young, just as indicated by his name. There was a tree whose trunk had ____18____ and fallen a few feet above the water. Everest wanted to play on the trunk. After ____19____ the situation, I agreed. ____20____ telling him not to risk falling down, however, I told him what to ____21____. “Hold on to the top branch for ____22____,” I reminded. Suddenly, a few older boys walked by and shouted, “A crocodile!” I didn’t know if there ____23____ was one in the water, but upon hearing that, my son got ____24____, letting go of the top branch and falling into the water. Everest knows how to swim so he didn’t _____25_____ after learning it was a joke. He swam towards the edge of the lake and got out safely. He didn’t cry and the only _____26_____ was: “Wow, it’s too cold.” We did return to the _____27_____ spot later. Everest was right back on the fallen trunk and _____28_____ not to fall down. When Everest was old enough, he finally _____29_____ a climbing club. Now he has become a famous mountaineer. I have often thought about that moment in the park. If I had _____30_____ him doing that, he might have lost his interest in _____31_____, and he couldn’t have gone far in his career. You should trust your child, not letting your own fears or objections _____32_____ their desire for exploration. It means encouraging your child to succeed in something _____33_____. Sure, there are _____34_____ some risks in your child’s exploration. Remember, protecting them from _____35_____ is important but protecting them from the influence of failure is more important. 16. A. picked up B. brought up C. turned down D. dropped behind 17. A. swimming B. climbing C. drawing D. hiking 18. A. bent B. spread C. grown D. disappeared 19. A. following B. describing C. updating D. judging 20. A. Because of B. As for C. But for D. Instead of 21. A. miss out B. make up C. fight against D. focus on 22. A. selection B. balance C. challenge D. competition 23. A. frequently B. really C. obviously D. formerly 24. A. confused B. nervous C. frustrated D. relaxed 25. A. move B. regret C. insist D. panic 26. A. reason B. apology C. request D. complaint 27. A. unfamiliar B. lost C. same D. changing 28. A. managed B. continued C. preferred D. pretended 29. A. introduced B. designed C. joined D. suggested 30. A. kept B. stopped C. imagined D. considered 31. A. concentration B. surroundings C. exploration D. intention 32. A. express B. cloud C. adjust D. reflect 33. A. challenging B. detailed C. strange D. significant 34. A. exactly B. potentially C. entirely D. simply 35. A. jokes B. pressure C. sadness D. dangers 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A For decades, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has played a big role in establishing and securing World Heritage Sites of cultural and natural importance. These are some sites on its World Heritage List. Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture (Russia) This group of monuments is located in the historic city of Pskov. The structures, many of which are churches, were all designed by the Pskov School of Architecture. It was a leading school of building design in the country, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some elements common to Pskov architecture date back to the 12th century. Babylon (Iraq) The ancient city of Babylon was once a main tourist site before Iraq suffered several wars. The city with a history of more than 4000 years is where dynasties have risen and fallen since the earliest days of settled human civilization. UNESCO says the site “offers a look into one of the most influential empires of the ancient world”. Writing-on-Stone (Canada) Canada’s Writing-on-Stone monument has a large number of protected rock paintings and rock carvings. Some of them are about 2,000 years old. The markings were left by Blackfoot Native Americans, who lived in parts of Western Canada and the far northern United States. The land that makes up Writing-on-Stone is filled with rock posts that have been formed into “spectacular shapes” by erosion (侵蚀). Paraty and Ilha Grande (Brazil) The historic coastal town of Paraty and the island Ilha Grande are already popular places for visitors to Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro state. Paraty was the end-point of the Gold Route, along which gold was shipped to Europe in the 1600s. The area is also home to a huge number of animals, some of which are in danger now. 36. What do we know about the buildings in Pskov? A. They are merely churches. B. They are a group of ancient schools. C. Their paintings are about 2,000 years old. D. Their designs came from the same school. 37. Which of the following shows us the earliest ancient civilization? A. Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture. B. Babylon. C. Writing-on-Stone. D. Paraty and Ilha Grande. 38. What can we learn from the Writing-on-Stone monument? A. It is the best-preserved monument in Canada. B. It enjoys great popularity with visitors. C. It reflects the culture of the natives. D. Its markings were formed by nature. 39. What can visitors see in Paraty and Ilha Grande? A. Coastal scenery. B. Shipping activities. C. Gold mining equipment. D. Rare European plants and animals. 40. What is the text meant to do? A. Call on people to recommend more ancient heritage sites. B. Inform people of basic information about UNESCO. C. Encourage people to visit four famous cities. D. Introduce four World Heritage Sites. B On May 27, a 55-year-old Sherpa guide from Nepal named Kami Rita performed a remarkable deed by reaching the summit (山顶) of Mount Everest for the 31st time. Kami Rita, who works for Seven Summit Treks, braved severe weather conditions to make it while leading a group of 22 mountaineers, along with 27 other Sherpas. “I’m proud of this achievement,” stated Rita, noting that climbing has become increasingly difficult in recent years. Kami Rita first summited Everest in 1994, when he was 24 years old. He has climbed the towering mountain nearly every year since then, missing only a few years when Everest was officially closed. Kami Rita has also summited several other towering peaks, including K2, Cho Oyu, Manaslu and Lhotse. “He is not just a national climbing hero, but a global symbol of Everest itself,” writes Seven Summit Treks. Kami Rita followed in the footsteps of his father, who was one of the first Sherpa guides. But climate change is causing snow to melt more quickly than in the past, making mountaineering more dangerous. “I’m not asking my son to work as a mountain guide,” said Rita. “Sons or grandsons of other Sherpa families are also not joining the profession. We have faced greater risks over time, and we don’t want to bring our children into this career.” Since May 29, 1953 when New Zealand climber Edmund Hillary and Nepali-Indian mountaineer Tenzing Norgay made the first recorded summit of Everest, more than 7,000 climbers have reached the top, resulting in more than 12,800 total recorded summits. This year’s spring Everest climbing season is coming to an end. Nepal issued 468 climbing permits and over 300 climbers and Sherpas successfully reached the summit in March, April, and May, but at least four people died while attempting the climb. A few months ago, four British climbers made headlines by reaching the summit in just five days with the help of xenon gas (氙气), a novel method some see as a shortcut. When asked about xenon gas, Kami Rita said, “It’s too new to understand its impact on climbing. It will take at least a few years to research this gas.” 41. What can we know about Kami Rita’s recent achievement? A. He took a new route on the mountain. B. He encountered bad weather on the way. C. He was accompanied by 50 other climbers. D. He was the oldest person to summit Everest. 42. What makes Seven Summit Treks speak highly of Kami Rita? A. His commitment to mountaineering. B. His concern about climate change. C. His first summit at an early age. D. His strong physical strength. 43. Why do many Sherpa families oppose younger generations becoming Sherpa guides? A. The job is not well paid. B. Fewer people climb Mount Everest. C. Young people are not adventurous enough. D. Climate change darkens the career’s future. 44. Which of the following best describes the current state of Everest climbing? A. It is impossible without Sherpa guides. B. It is no longer popular among explorers. C. Its success and tragedy exist side by side. D. Its governmental permission is hard to get. 45. What is Kami Rita’s attitude towards using xenon gas in climbing? A. Favorable. B. Short-sighted. C. Wait-and-see. D. Disapproving. C Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture (姿势) influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless (静止的) arms has a negative influence on our mental state. Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous (自发的) posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. In the other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as they were intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (耷拉着的) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture. Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 46. Why does the writer mention the studies at the beginning? A. To introduce what cognitive performance is. B. To emphasize the importance of body posture. C. To prove the results of those studies are wrong. D. To raise a new question to be studied and solved. 47. The underlined word “hunched” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. straightened B. bent C. loose D. solid 48. The first study indicates that ________. A. posture influences our mental state B. gazing upward builds up confidence C. straightening up has a negative effect D. walking posture is especially important 49. What did the Austrian study focus on? A. Assessing concentration levels in young adults. B. Proving the long-term benefits of good posture. C. The psychological effects of sitting in different postures. D. Noting the effects of different sitting positions on mood and cognition. 50. What can we learn about sitting upright? A. It increases blood pressure. B. It requires sitting for a long time. C. It helps improve the test pass rate. D. It has mental and physical benefits. D Sometimes, nature’s surprises come with wings. In a new study, scientists analyzed a 35-year data set and uncovered an unexpected survival strategy of the endangered Schaus’ swallowtail butterfly. The population trends rarely reveal themselves in a single observation, which is why short-term studies don’t always tell a complete story. “You might have a drought in one year and abundant (充沛的) rain in the other year, which can cause dramatic shifts in occupancy and abundance, especially in insects. Having a long-term study can reduce that noise in the system to the lowest possible level and determine the best actions needed to conserve a species,” said Jaret Daniels, senior author of the study. Researchers looked over the Schaus’ swallowtail data set to see how the population had progressed over the last few decades. Upon first inspection, there wasn’t any noticeable trend. The number of Schaus’ swallowtails appeared sporadic, jumping up and down with seemingly no reason. Then researchers began looking at weather variables (气象变量) to see if anything might line up. After they looked at maximum wind speeds, the pattern finally became clear. The trend of increased Schaus’ swallowtail populations after strong hurricanes was immediately apparent. When a hurricane blows through the Florida Keys, strong winds strip (除去) trees of their leaves. The immediate impacts are harmful to the butterfly. Yet, Schaus’ swallowtails seem to bounce back better than before in the following years. Those butterflies are specialists, meaning they require specific plant species on which to lay their eggs and feed. Their survival relies on two kinds of host plants, which occupy the forest’s understory (林下层), where little light reaches the ground. After the hurricanes knock out their host plants’ bigger, taller competitors, additional sunlight can hit the forest floor. This causes an explosion of fresh leaf growth on the host plants, replacing leaves lost in the storm. All that new growth, in turn, means more butterflies. The butterflies are doing well now, but a far more complex challenge lies ahead. “This is a challenging organism when it comes to climate change,” Daniels said. “With storm intensity potentially increasing, it’s very worrisome that one major storm could really destroy this kind of butterfly.” 51. What does Daniels highlight by his words in paragraph 2? A. The need for cooperation in conservation efforts. B. The challenges of conserving insect species. C. The dramatic impact of weather changes. D. The necessity of doing long-term studies. 52. What does the underlined word “sporadic” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Irregular. B. Consistent. C. Seasonal. D. Alarming. 53. How do hurricanes positively impact the population of Schaus’ swallowtails? A. By reducing competition within their species. B. By promoting the growth of their host plants. C. By destroying their natural enemies. D. By bringing their eggs to new areas. 54. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People should fight against climate change together. B. Hurricanes are more beneficial than ever expected. C. Frequent strong storms can threaten the butterfly. D. The butterfly’s population will continue to rise. 55. Where is this text most likely to be taken from? A. A travel guidebook about Florida’s wildlife. B. A children’s book about butterfly life cycles. C. A science journal reporting ecological research. D. A newspaper article on hurricane preparedness. 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第四部分：写作（共三节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I must admit I did not buy 40 books this year. At a nearby bookshop I paid for a membership card that allows me to borrow two or three books at a time and keep them for a month. Owning a book has its advantages, such as allowing you to make notes to your heart’s content, and you can reread it anytime you want, but borrowing holds advantages, too. One consideration is space, and in my city where a foot of land is worth an inch of gold, this issue speaks volumes when it comes to owning books. You want to reread a book, but just look at how many books there are on your bookshelf that you haven’t finished reading even once. People tend to finish books they borrow more quickly than the ones they own, mainly because of the pressure of a deadline. Several times during the year I stayed up late to finish a book the night before the due date. I finished about 10more books that way. It is increasingly difficult to choose a good book because there are simply so many out there. Even if you choose only from a narrow area of interest, singling out 40 is challenging. Book reviews and the comments readers leave on the websites of online bookstores can be helpful in this regard. But you cannot judge a book by its review. What I do is try to find and borrow the book from the bookshop. Some are like fast food: you leaf through (浏览) the pages and finish them quickly. Some are strong in certain chapters but weak in others. Some have titles that scream at you but lack substance (核心内容，实质). I cut my losses by perusing (精读) on the spot or borrowing. Of the 40 I read from cover to cover, I bought four I thought were worth keeping. Strangely, I had not really set out to read those four books but came across them in the bookshop. That unpredictability was one of the exciting parts of this reading adventure. 56. What are the advantages of owning books according to the author? (no more than 15 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined part “speaks volumes” in paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 3words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 58. How are book reviews helpful? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What experience was exciting for the author in the bookshop? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Should we borrow books or buy books? How do you decide? (no more than 30 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员，并在英语贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应，你所写的内容应包括： 1．你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位，二选一； 2．通过比较，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率、服务范围等方面进行表述。 餐厅服务员：server 图书馆管理员：librarian 工作效率：working efficiency Dear headmaster, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宝坻一中2026-2027学年度第一学期高三年级 第一次统练英语卷 班级：______ 姓名：______ 考号：______ 考场、座位号：______ 试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共115分） 第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What time will the lecture begin? A. At 7:30. B. At 7:45. C. At 7:50. 2. What does the woman say about her father? A. All his pain has disappeared. B. He is advised to go to another hospital. C. Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him. 3. Why was the man late? A. His car broke down. B. He was lost in town. C. There was a car accident. 4. How does the soup taste at last? A. Flavorless. B. Salty. C. Sweet. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. How to spend their spare time. B. How to quit computer games. C. How to find time to exercise. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。 6. What is Amy doing? A. Having a class. B. Giving some advice. C. Doing a survey. 7. What will Paul do to improve his English pronunciation? A. Repeat difficult sentences. B. Listen to English news. C. Find a tutor. 8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Brother and sister. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。 9. Where are the speakers? A. In Ottawa B. In Toronto. C. In Kingston. 10. When will Ariel meet her college friends? A. On Oct. 8th. B. On Oct. 9th. C. On Oct. 10th. 11. What will Joe do next? A. Attend a party. B. Pick up Daniel. C. Go to a car show. 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15四个小题。 12. Where does the speaker work? A. In the hospital. B. In the parking lot. C. In the supermarket. 13. What is the old woman? A. A composer. B. A dancer. C. A singer. 14. Why did the old woman ask for help? A. She was weak. B. She was lonely. C. She was scared. 15. What does the speaker think of their talk? A. Disappointing. B. Meaningful. C. Boring. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 1. — It is important for students to develop good communication skills. — ________. Effective communication not only enhances academic success but also plays a vital role in personal relationships. A. I hope so. B. I’m afraid not. C. It’s up to you. D. I couldn’t agree more. 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——对学生来说培养良好的沟通能力很重要。——我完全同意。有效的沟通不仅有助于学业有成，在人际关系中也起到至关重要的作用。A. I hope so.我希望如此；B. I’m afraid not.恐怕不是；C. It’s up to you.由你决定；D. I couldn’t agree more.我完全同意。根据后文“Effective communication not only enhances academic success but also plays a vital role in personal relationships.”可知，说话人认同前面的观点。 2. Regular exercise and a balanced diet help to ________ a healthy state of both body and mind. A. identify B. recommend C. recognize D. maintain 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：规律运动和均衡饮食有助于保持身心的健康状态。A. identify识别；B. recommend推荐；C. recognize认出；D. maintain保持。根据后文“a healthy state of both body and mind”可知，运动和饮食用来“保持”健康状态。 3. Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with________. A. patience B. curiosity C. satisfaction D. competition 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：每当我犯错时，老师都耐心地指出我的错误。A. patience耐心；B. curiosity好奇；C. satisfaction满意；D. competition竞争。根据前文“Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out”可知，老师指出错误的时候是带着“耐心”的。 4. In the article, you need to back up the general statement with ________ examples. A. specific B. responsible C. identical D. convenient 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持这个总的陈述。A. specific具体的；B. responsible负责的；C. identical相同的；D. convenient方便的。根据“back up the general statement”可推知，需要用“具体的”例子来支持总的陈述，用形容词specific作定语，与“general”形成对比。 5. With effective measures carried out, the rate of pollution in this region has ________ dropped in the past decade. A. regularly B. originally C. typically D. significantly 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：随着有效措施的实施，该地区的污染率在过去十年里显著下降。A. regularly定期地；B. originally最初；C. typically典型地；D. significantly显著地。根据前文“With effective measures carried out”可知，实施有效措施后污染率“显著”下降。 6. No one expected that the old friend we had been out of touch with for decades ________ at the party last night. A. turned up B. took up C. caught up D. passed up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：没人料到我们失联几十年的老朋友昨晚出现在聚会上。A. turned up出现；B. took up开始从事；C. caught up赶上；D. passed up错过。根据后文“at the party last night”可知，老朋友在昨晚的聚会上“出现”了。 7. The school headmaster took active action immediately ________ the education policy of lightening burden. A. in response to B. in exchange for C. in honor of D. in place of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：校长立即采取积极行动来响应减负的教育政策。A. in response to响应；B. in exchange for交换；C. in honor of为纪念；D. in place of代替。根据后文“the education policy of lightening burden”可知，采取行动是为了“响应”政策。 8. ________ to finish the research paper before the deadline, she stayed up late for several nights. A. Being determined B. Determined C. To determine D. Determine 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：因为下定决心要在截止日期前完成研究论文，她连续熬了几个晚上的夜。be determined to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“下定决心做某事”，所以用过去分词determined作原因状语，表示主语she的心理状态。 9. —Have you worked here since you graduated? —No, I ________ at a factory in Beijing for six years. A. would work B. have worked C. had worked D. worked 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：---你自从毕业就在这儿工作吗？----不，我在北京的一家工厂工作了6年。 根据答语可知，自从毕业以来，"我"并没有一直在这里工作，在此之前"我"还在北京的一家工厂工作了六年，故此处表示发生在"我"在这里工作之前的事情，故用一般过去时。故选D。 10. There is a warm atmosphere in our classroom ________ makes every student feel relaxed and willing to share ideas. A. where B. what C. that D. when 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们教室里有一种温暖的氛围，这使得每个学生都感到放松并愿意分享想法。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，关系词且在从句中作主语，指代物，需用关系代词that或which。 11. ________ you do make a mistake during the speech, that doesn’t really matter, and you should go on finishing your speech. A. Now that B. Even if C. As though D. In case 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：即使你在演讲中确实出错了，那也没有关系，你应该继续完成你的演讲。A. Now that既然；B. Even if即使；C. As though好像；D. In case以防。根据后文“that doesn’t really matter”可知，就算演讲时出错也没关系，前后是让步关系，用Even if。 12. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do? - No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：---我们只有这个小书柜。能行吗?---我正在找的是比这更大、更结实的书柜。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，从句缺少for的宾语，表示物，连接词用what充当。故选C项。 13. ________ to lead the research group last month, Professor Zhang devoted all his spare time to the project. A. Having been appointed B. Appointing C. To be appointed D. Being appointed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：上个月被任命领导这个研究小组后，张教授把他所有的业余时间都投入到了这个项目中。句中逻辑主语Professor Zhang与动词appoint（任命）之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且根据时间状语“last month”可知，appoint这一动作发生在主句谓语动词devoted之前，因此应用现在分词的完成被动式（having been appointed）作状语。 14. — I was wondering if I could use your cell phone to check a message. — You ________ have my phone if you promise you won’t see my personal information. A. might B. must C. could D. shall 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我想知道我是否可以用你的手机查一条信息。——如果你保证不看我的个人信息，你就可以用我的手机。shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等，此处表示说话人的允诺，即只要对方保证不看个人信息，就允许对方使用手机。 15. — How do you find my plan for the community-volunteer project? — Perfect! It ________: practical, creative and well-received among students. A. ticks all the right boxes B. has a frog in its throat C. throws the baby out with the bathwater D. kills two birds with one stone 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你觉得我的社区志愿者项目计划怎么样？——完美！它满足了所有的要求：实用、有创意，而且在学生中很受欢迎。A. ticks all the right boxes满足所有的要求；B. has a frog in its throat嗓子哑；C. throws the baby out with the bathwater不分好坏全盘否定；D. kills two birds with one stone一箭双雕。根据题意，冒号后的内容说明该计划具备了实用、有创意等优点，即满足了所有的好标准。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It was a cold afternoon and my 5-year-old son Everest and I were walking in Central Park. I just ____16____ Everest from school. We walked down towards the rocks near a lake. He has been fond of ____17____ since he was young, just as indicated by his name. There was a tree whose trunk had ____18____ and fallen a few feet above the water. Everest wanted to play on the trunk. After ____19____ the situation, I agreed. ____20____ telling him not to risk falling down, however, I told him what to ____21____. “Hold on to the top branch for ____22____,” I reminded. Suddenly, a few older boys walked by and shouted, “A crocodile!” I didn’t know if there ____23____ was one in the water, but upon hearing that, my son got ____24____, letting go of the top branch and falling into the water. Everest knows how to swim so he didn’t _____25_____ after learning it was a joke. He swam towards the edge of the lake and got out safely. He didn’t cry and the only _____26_____ was: “Wow, it’s too cold.” We did return to the _____27_____ spot later. Everest was right back on the fallen trunk and _____28_____ not to fall down. When Everest was old enough, he finally _____29_____ a climbing club. Now he has become a famous mountaineer. I have often thought about that moment in the park. If I had _____30_____ him doing that, he might have lost his interest in _____31_____, and he couldn’t have gone far in his career. You should trust your child, not letting your own fears or objections _____32_____ their desire for exploration. It means encouraging your child to succeed in something _____33_____. Sure, there are _____34_____ some risks in your child’s exploration. Remember, protecting them from _____35_____ is important but protecting them from the influence of failure is more important. 16. A. picked up B. brought up C. turned down D. dropped behind 17. A. swimming B. climbing C. drawing D. hiking 18. A. bent B. spread C. grown D. disappeared 19. A. following B. describing C. updating D. judging 20. A. Because of B. As for C. But for D. Instead of 21. A. miss out B. make up C. fight against D. focus on 22. A. selection B. balance C. challenge D. competition 23. A. frequently B. really C. obviously D. formerly 24. A. confused B. nervous C. frustrated D. relaxed 25. A. move B. regret C. insist D. panic 26. A. reason B. apology C. request D. complaint 27. A. unfamiliar B. lost C. same D. changing 28. A. managed B. continued C. preferred D. pretended 29. A. introduced B. designed C. joined D. suggested 30. A. kept B. stopped C. imagined D. considered 31. A. concentration B. surroundings C. exploration D. intention 32. A. express B. cloud C. adjust D. reflect 33. A. challenging B. detailed C. strange D. significant 34. A. exactly B. potentially C. entirely D. simply 35. A. jokes B. pressure C. sadness D. dangers 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者五岁儿子在公园落水后仍坚持攀爬，长大后成为登山者，告诉家长要信任孩子、支持探索。 【16题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我刚从学校接埃弗雷特。A. picked up接送；B. brought up抚养；C. turned down拒绝；D. dropped behind落后。根据前文“It was a cold afternoon and my 5-year-old son Everest and I were walking in Central Park.”以及后文“Everest from school.”可知，母子二人在公园散步，是刚从学校接孩子。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：他从小就喜欢攀爬，这一点从他的名字就能看出来。A. swimming游泳；B. climbing攀爬；C. drawing画画；D. hiking远足。根据后文“Everest wanted to play on the trunk.”以及倒数第二段中的“Now he has become a famous mountaineer.”可知，他喜爱攀爬。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：有一棵树，树干弯了，在水面上方几英尺的地方倒了下来。A. bent弯曲；B. spread展开；C. grown生长；D. disappeared消失。根据后文“fallen a few feet above the water”可知，树干弯曲之后倾倒在水面上方。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：在判断情况之后，我同意了。A. following跟随；B. describing描述；C. updating更新；D. judging判断。根据后文“I agreed.”以及前文“Everest wanted to play on the trunk.”可知，埃弗雷特想要在树干上玩耍，作者先评估判断现场状况之后才应允。 【20题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：然而，我没有告诉他不要冒着掉下去的危险，而是告诉他要专注什么。A. Because of因为；B. As for至于；C. But for要不是；D. Instead of代替、而不是。根据后文“however, I told him what to ________”可知，前后是替代关系，没有警告危险，而是教他该做什么。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：然而，我没有告诉他不要冒着掉下去的危险，而是告诉他要专注什么。A. miss out错失；B. make up编造；C. fight against对抗；D. focus on专注于。根据后文“Hold on to the top branch for ________”可知，作者告诉孩子要把注意力放在抓树枝这件事上。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：“抓住最上面的树枝保持平衡。”我提醒道。A. selection选择；B. balance平衡；C. challenge挑战；D. competition比赛。根据前文“Everest wanted to play on the trunk.”结合孩子在倒伏的树干上玩耍的场景可知，孩子站在倾倒的树干上，需要抓树枝来保持平衡。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：我不知道水里是不是真的有鳄鱼，但是听到那句话，我的儿子紧张起来，松开了顶端的树枝掉进水里。A. frequently频繁地；B. really真正地；C. obviously明显地；D. formerly以前。根据后文“after learning it was a joke”可知，作者不确定水里是否真的存在鳄鱼。 【24题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我不知道水里是不是真的有鳄鱼，但是听到那句话，我的儿子紧张起来，松开了顶端的树枝掉进水里。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. relaxed放松的。根据后文“letting go of the top branch and falling into the water”可知，听到鳄鱼的说法，孩子内心紧张，手松开了树枝。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：埃弗雷特会游泳，所以在知道那只是一个玩笑之后，他没有惊慌。A. move移动；B. regret后悔；C. insist坚持；D. panic惊慌。根据前文“Everest knows how to swim”以及后文“He swam towards the edge of the lake and got out safely.”可知，孩子会游泳，得知是玩笑后没有慌乱。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：他没有哭，唯一的抱怨是：“哇，水太冷了。”A. reason理由；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. complaint抱怨。根据后文“Wow, it’s too cold.”可知，这句话是孩子落水后的一句埋怨。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们后来回到了同一个地点。A. unfamiliar陌生的；B. lost丢失的；C. same相同的；D. changing变化的。根据后文“Everest was right back on the fallen trunk”可知，他们回到刚才那根倾倒树干所在的老地方。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：埃弗雷特重新回到倾倒的树干上，并且成功没有掉下去。A. managed设法做成；B. continued继续；C. preferred更喜欢；D. pretended假装。根据后文“not to fall down”可知，这次他成功稳住，没有落水。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：当埃弗雷特年龄足够大的时候，他最终加入了一个攀岩俱乐部。A. introduced介绍；B. designed设计；C. joined加入；D. suggested建议。根据后文“Now he has become a famous mountaineer.”可知，他加入俱乐部进行相关训练。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果我当时阻止他做那件事，他或许就会失去对探索的兴趣，也无法在这个行业走得很远。A. kept保持；B. stopped阻止；C. imagined想象；D. considered考虑。根据后文“he might have lost his interest”可知，此处是假设当初制止他攀爬的情况。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果我当时阻止他做那件事，他或许就会失去对探索的兴趣，也无法在这个行业走得很远。A. concentration专注；B. surroundings环境；C. exploration探索；D. intention意图。根据后文“their desire for exploration”可知，文章围绕孩子的探索欲展开。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：你应该信任你的孩子，不要让你自己的恐惧或者反对蒙蔽他们探索的渴望。A. express表达；B. cloud蒙蔽；C. adjust调整；D. reflect反映。根据前文“You should trust your child”可知，不要让自身的恐惧遮挡、蒙蔽孩子想要探索的心愿。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这意味着鼓励你的孩子在有挑战性的事情上取得成功。A. challenging有挑战性的；B. detailed详细的；C. strange奇怪的；D. significant重要的。根据后文“Sure, there are _______ some risks in your child’s exploration.”可知，孩子的探索带有风险，对应的是有挑战性的事情。 【34题详解】 考查副词。句意：当然，孩子的探索过程中可能存在一些风险。A. exactly确切地；B. potentially潜在地、可能地；C. entirely完全地；D. simply仅仅。根据后文“some risks in your child’s exploration”可知，探索这件事本身会带有潜在的风险。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：记住，保护他们远离危险很重要，但是保护他们不受失败带来的负面影响更加重要。A. jokes玩笑；B. pressure压力；C. sadness悲伤；D. dangers危险。根据后文“but protecting them from the influence of failure is more important”可知，前后形成对比，说明此处是保护他们远离危险。 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A For decades, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has played a big role in establishing and securing World Heritage Sites of cultural and natural importance. These are some sites on its World Heritage List. Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture (Russia) This group of monuments is located in the historic city of Pskov. The structures, many of which are churches, were all designed by the Pskov School of Architecture. It was a leading school of building design in the country, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some elements common to Pskov architecture date back to the 12th century. Babylon (Iraq) The ancient city of Babylon was once a main tourist site before Iraq suffered several wars. The city with a history of more than 4000 years is where dynasties have risen and fallen since the earliest days of settled human civilization. UNESCO says the site “offers a look into one of the most influential empires of the ancient world”. Writing-on-Stone (Canada) Canada’s Writing-on-Stone monument has a large number of protected rock paintings and rock carvings. Some of them are about 2,000 years old. The markings were left by Blackfoot Native Americans, who lived in parts of Western Canada and the far northern United States. The land that makes up Writing-on-Stone is filled with rock posts that have been formed into “spectacular shapes” by erosion (侵蚀). Paraty and Ilha Grande (Brazil) The historic coastal town of Paraty and the island Ilha Grande are already popular places for visitors to Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro state. Paraty was the end-point of the Gold Route, along which gold was shipped to Europe in the 1600s. The area is also home to a huge number of animals, some of which are in danger now. 36. What do we know about the buildings in Pskov? A. They are merely churches. B. They are a group of ancient schools. C. Their paintings are about 2,000 years old. D. Their designs came from the same school. 37. Which of the following shows us the earliest ancient civilization? A. Churches of the Pskov School of Architecture. B. Babylon. C. Writing-on-Stone. D. Paraty and Ilha Grande. 38. What can we learn from the Writing-on-Stone monument? A. It is the best-preserved monument in Canada. B. It enjoys great popularity with visitors. C. It reflects the culture of the natives. D. Its markings were formed by nature. 39. What can visitors see in Paraty and Ilha Grande? A. Coastal scenery. B. Shipping activities. C. Gold mining equipment. D. Rare European plants and animals. 40. What is the text meant to do? A. Call on people to recommend more ancient heritage sites. B. Inform people of basic information about UNESCO. C. Encourage people to visit four famous cities. D. Introduce four World Heritage Sites. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录上四处不同国家的世界遗产及其相关信息。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The structures, many of which are churches, were all designed by the Pskov School of Architecture.(这些建筑，其中许多是教堂，全部由普斯科夫建筑学派设计。)”可知，普斯科夫这些建筑的设计都来自同一个学派。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The city with a history of more than 4000 years is where dynasties have risen and fallen since the earliest days of settled human civilization.(这座拥有四千多年历史的城市，自人类定居文明早期起，见证了多个王朝的兴衰。)”可知，巴比伦展现了早期的古代文明。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The markings were left by Blackfoot Native Americans, who lived in parts of Western Canada and the far northern United States.(这些印记是黑脚族美洲原住民留下的，他们曾居住在加拿大西部部分地区和美国极北部。)”可知，石刻遗址反映了原住民的文化。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The historic coastal town of Paraty and the island Ilha Grande are already popular places for visitors to Brazil’s Rio de Janeiro state.(拥有悠久历史的滨海小镇帕拉蒂和格兰德岛已经是巴西里约热内卢州深受游客喜爱的去处。)”可知，游客在帕拉蒂和格兰德岛可以看到海岸风光。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“These are some sites on its World Heritage List.(以下是它的世界遗产名录中的部分遗址。)”以及下文对四处遗产的介绍可知，本文目的是介绍四处世界遗产。 B On May 27, a 55-year-old Sherpa guide from Nepal named Kami Rita performed a remarkable deed by reaching the summit (山顶) of Mount Everest for the 31st time. Kami Rita, who works for Seven Summit Treks, braved severe weather conditions to make it while leading a group of 22 mountaineers, along with 27 other Sherpas. “I’m proud of this achievement,” stated Rita, noting that climbing has become increasingly difficult in recent years. Kami Rita first summited Everest in 1994, when he was 24 years old. He has climbed the towering mountain nearly every year since then, missing only a few years when Everest was officially closed. Kami Rita has also summited several other towering peaks, including K2, Cho Oyu, Manaslu and Lhotse. “He is not just a national climbing hero, but a global symbol of Everest itself,” writes Seven Summit Treks. Kami Rita followed in the footsteps of his father, who was one of the first Sherpa guides. But climate change is causing snow to melt more quickly than in the past, making mountaineering more dangerous. “I’m not asking my son to work as a mountain guide,” said Rita. “Sons or grandsons of other Sherpa families are also not joining the profession. We have faced greater risks over time, and we don’t want to bring our children into this career.” Since May 29, 1953 when New Zealand climber Edmund Hillary and Nepali-Indian mountaineer Tenzing Norgay made the first recorded summit of Everest, more than 7,000 climbers have reached the top, resulting in more than 12,800 total recorded summits. This year’s spring Everest climbing season is coming to an end. Nepal issued 468 climbing permits and over 300 climbers and Sherpas successfully reached the summit in March, April, and May, but at least four people died while attempting the climb. A few months ago, four British climbers made headlines by reaching the summit in just five days with the help of xenon gas (氙气), a novel method some see as a shortcut. When asked about xenon gas, Kami Rita said, “It’s too new to understand its impact on climbing. It will take at least a few years to research this gas.” 41. What can we know about Kami Rita’s recent achievement? A. He took a new route on the mountain. B. He encountered bad weather on the way. C. He was accompanied by 50 other climbers. D. He was the oldest person to summit Everest. 42. What makes Seven Summit Treks speak highly of Kami Rita? A. His commitment to mountaineering. B. His concern about climate change. C. His first summit at an early age. D. His strong physical strength. 43. Why do many Sherpa families oppose younger generations becoming Sherpa guides? A. The job is not well paid. B. Fewer people climb Mount Everest. C. Young people are not adventurous enough. D. Climate change darkens the career’s future. 44. Which of the following best describes the current state of Everest climbing? A. It is impossible without Sherpa guides. B. It is no longer popular among explorers. C. Its success and tragedy exist side by side. D. Its governmental permission is hard to get. 45. What is Kami Rita’s attitude towards using xenon gas in climbing? A. Favorable. B. Short-sighted. C. Wait-and-see. D. Disapproving. 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了夏尔巴向导Kami Rita第31次登顶珠峰的事迹，讲述了他的登山经历、夏尔巴行业面临的困境、珠峰攀登的现状以及他对氙气登山新法的看法。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Kami Rita, who works for Seven Summit Treks, braved severe weather conditions to make it while leading a group of 22 mountaineers, along with 27 other Sherpas. (就职于Seven Summit Treks的Kami Rita带领22名登山者以及另外27名夏尔巴人，顶着恶劣天气成功登顶)”可知，他在途中遭遇了恶劣天气。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Kami Rita first summited Everest in 1994, when he was 24 years old. He has climbed the towering mountain nearly every year since then, missing only a few years when Everest was officially closed...“He is not just a national climbing hero, but a global symbol of Everest itself,” writes Seven Summit Treks. (Kami Rita在1994年24岁时首次登顶珠峰。从那以后，他几乎每年都会攀登这座高山，只有珠峰封闭的少数几年没有登山……Seven Summit Treks评价道：“他不仅是本国的登山英雄，更是珠峰的全球象征。”)”可知，是他长久以来对登山事业的坚持让Seven Summit Treks对他给予高度赞扬。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But climate change is causing snow to melt more quickly than in the past, making mountaineering more dangerous. ‘I’m not asking my son to work as a mountain guide,’ said Rita. ‘Sons or grandsons of other Sherpa families are also not joining the profession. We have faced greater risks over time, and we don’t want to bring our children into this career.’ (但是气候变化让积雪融化速度比过去更快，登山变得更加危险。“我不会让我的儿子做登山向导，”Rita说，“其他夏尔巴家庭的子孙也不再从事这个行业。长久以来我们面临更大风险，我们不希望孩子踏入这个行业。”)”可知，气候变化让这份工作风险升高，行业前景不容乐观。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Nepal issued 468 climbing permits and over 300 climbers and Sherpas successfully reached the summit in March, April, and May, but at least four people died while attempting the climb. (尼泊尔发放了468份登山许可，三、四、五月份有300多名登山者和夏尔巴人成功登顶，但至少有四人在尝试登山时遇难。)”可知，珠峰登山既有成功，也伴随悲剧。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When asked about xenon gas, Kami Rita said, ‘It’s too new to understand its impact on climbing. It will take at least a few years to research this gas.’ (当被问到氙气时，Kami Rita说：“这项技术太新，我们还不清楚它对登山的影响，至少需要数年时间去研究这种气体。”)”可知，他持谨慎观望态度，wait-and-see意为“观望的”。 C Whether we are sitting down or standing up, still or moving, body posture (姿势) influences our mood. Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? Previously, a New Zealand team (University of Auckland) carried out an experiment on posture when we walk, especially in the street. The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. It appears that walking with a hunched back, bowed head and motionless (静止的) arms has a negative influence on our mental state. Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. Not only does our spontaneous (自发的) posture have a psychological effect, but by correcting it, it is possible to bring about improvement in the long term. In the other study, this time carried out by an Austrian team (Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen-Nuremberg), researchers observed the same phenomenon, this time in a sitting position. Young adults were invited to participate in tests presented as they were intended to assess their ability to concentrate. In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (耷拉着的) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks, although the test pass rate does not vary significantly with posture. Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. 46. Why does the writer mention the studies at the beginning? A. To introduce what cognitive performance is. B. To emphasize the importance of body posture. C. To prove the results of those studies are wrong. D. To raise a new question to be studied and solved. 47. The underlined word “hunched” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. straightened B. bent C. loose D. solid 48. The first study indicates that ________. A. posture influences our mental state B. gazing upward builds up confidence C. straightening up has a negative effect D. walking posture is especially important 49. What did the Austrian study focus on? A. Assessing concentration levels in young adults. B. Proving the long-term benefits of good posture. C. The psychological effects of sitting in different postures. D. Noting the effects of different sitting positions on mood and cognition. 50. What can we learn about sitting upright? A. It increases blood pressure. B. It requires sitting for a long time. C. It helps improve the test pass rate. D. It has mental and physical benefits. 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍两组研究，探究身体姿势对情绪、自信以及认知表现的影响，并说明了端正坐姿在心理和身体上带来的诸多好处。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。第一段中“Several studies have shown this link between physical posture and mood. Others have shown a relationship between our mood and our cognitive (认知的) performance, including memory, reasoning, learning, and the speed of reaction and processing of information. (几项研究已经表明身体姿势和情绪之间存在这种联系。还有一些研究表明情绪和认知表现之间存在关联，包括记忆力、推理、学习以及反应速度和信息处理。)”提到先前的研究表明身体姿势与情绪有关，情绪与认知表现有关，接着第二段“So a logical question arises. Can body posture influence our cognitive performance? (于是一个合理的问题产生了：身体姿势会影响我们的认知表现吗？)”自然地提出了一个新问题。因此，作者在开头提到这些研究是为了引出下文有待研究和解决的新问题。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“has a negative influence on our mental state (对我们的精神状态产生负面影响)”和第四段“Indeed, the researchers found that the simple act of straightening up, standing up straight, with your head held high, and gazing forward gives us a serious boost of confidence. (事实上，研究人员发现，简单的站直、抬头挺胸、凝视前方的动作就能极大地增强我们的信心。)”可知，两种截然不同的身体姿势产生了相反的效果，hunched back和straighten up互为相反状态，可以推断出hunched back指的是“弯腰驼背”，因此hunched的意思与bent“弯曲的”接近。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team had found a very clear influence of our posture on our mood and confidence. (该团队发现我们的姿势对情绪和自信有非常明显的影响。)”可知，第一项研究表明姿势会影响我们的心理状态。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“In fact, the researchers had them sit in different postures — from upright to very slumped (耷拉着的) — in order to note their influences on mood and cognition. (事实上，研究人员让他们以不同姿势坐着——从端正到耷拉着——以此记录这些姿势对情绪和认知的影响。)”可知，奥地利的研究重点是观察不同坐姿对情绪和认知的影响。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中“A first observation indicates that “sitting upright” is associated with a better overall mood. It is also found to have a positive influence on the speed of processing information and completing tasks (初步观察表明，“坐姿端正”与整体情绪状态的改善有关。此外，它还对处理信息和完成任务的速度有积极影响。)”和最后一段“Finally, and surprisingly enough, blood pressure is a little more favorable in an upright position. To further complete the list of benefits of sitting upright, we will add that it is widely recommended for protecting the back in case of work that requires sitting for a long time. (最后，令人意外的是，坐直时血压会略为有利。为了进一步完善坐直的好处清单，我们将补充说，在需要长时间坐着工作的情况下，这是广泛推荐的保护背部的方法。)”可知，坐直与更好的情绪有关，能提高信息处理、任务完成的速度，且对血压有利，能保护背部，表明坐直对心理和生理都有益处。 D Sometimes, nature’s surprises come with wings. In a new study, scientists analyzed a 35-year data set and uncovered an unexpected survival strategy of the endangered Schaus’ swallowtail butterfly. The population trends rarely reveal themselves in a single observation, which is why short-term studies don’t always tell a complete story. “You might have a drought in one year and abundant (充沛的) rain in the other year, which can cause dramatic shifts in occupancy and abundance, especially in insects. Having a long-term study can reduce that noise in the system to the lowest possible level and determine the best actions needed to conserve a species,” said Jaret Daniels, senior author of the study. Researchers looked over the Schaus’ swallowtail data set to see how the population had progressed over the last few decades. Upon first inspection, there wasn’t any noticeable trend. The number of Schaus’ swallowtails appeared sporadic, jumping up and down with seemingly no reason. Then researchers began looking at weather variables (气象变量) to see if anything might line up. After they looked at maximum wind speeds, the pattern finally became clear. The trend of increased Schaus’ swallowtail populations after strong hurricanes was immediately apparent. When a hurricane blows through the Florida Keys, strong winds strip (除去) trees of their leaves. The immediate impacts are harmful to the butterfly. Yet, Schaus’ swallowtails seem to bounce back better than before in the following years. Those butterflies are specialists, meaning they require specific plant species on which to lay their eggs and feed. Their survival relies on two kinds of host plants, which occupy the forest’s understory (林下层), where little light reaches the ground. After the hurricanes knock out their host plants’ bigger, taller competitors, additional sunlight can hit the forest floor. This causes an explosion of fresh leaf growth on the host plants, replacing leaves lost in the storm. All that new growth, in turn, means more butterflies. The butterflies are doing well now, but a far more complex challenge lies ahead. “This is a challenging organism when it comes to climate change,” Daniels said. “With storm intensity potentially increasing, it’s very worrisome that one major storm could really destroy this kind of butterfly.” 51. What does Daniels highlight by his words in paragraph 2? A. The need for cooperation in conservation efforts. B. The challenges of conserving insect species. C. The dramatic impact of weather changes. D. The necessity of doing long-term studies. 52. What does the underlined word “sporadic” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Irregular. B. Consistent. C. Seasonal. D. Alarming. 53. How do hurricanes positively impact the population of Schaus’ swallowtails? A. By reducing competition within their species. B. By promoting the growth of their host plants. C. By destroying their natural enemies. D. By bringing their eggs to new areas. 54. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. People should fight against climate change together. B. Hurricanes are more beneficial than ever expected. C. Frequent strong storms can threaten the butterfly. D. The butterfly’s population will continue to rise. 55. Where is this text most likely to be taken from? A. A travel guidebook about Florida’s wildlife. B. A children’s book about butterfly life cycles. C. A science journal reporting ecological research. D. A newspaper article on hurricane preparedness. 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一项为期35年的研究，揭示飓风反而有利于舒斯凤蝶种群恢复的特殊生存机制，同时点明气候变化带来的潜在威胁。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The population trends rarely reveal themselves in a single observation, which is why short-term studies don’t always tell a complete story. (种群趋势很少能通过单次观测显现，这就是短期研究往往无法还原全貌的原因。)”以及“Having a long-term study can reduce that noise in the system to the lowest possible level and determine the best actions needed to conserve a species (长期研究可以把系统里的干扰降到最低，确定保护物种的最佳方案。)”可知，Daniels意在强调开展长期研究的必要性。 【52题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The number of Schaus’ swallowtails appeared sporadic, jumping up and down with seemingly no reason. (舒斯凤蝶的数量看起来____，毫无缘由地上下波动)”可知，逗号后“毫无缘由地上下波动”是对该词的解释，说明蝴蝶数量变化没有固定规律，sporadic与“irregular (无规律的)”意义相近。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“After the hurricanes knock out their host plants’ bigger, taller competitors, additional sunlight can hit the forest floor. This causes an explosion of fresh leaf growth on the host plants, replacing leaves lost in the storm. All that new growth, in turn, means more butterflies. (飓风清除了寄主植物上方更高大的竞争植被，更多阳光可以照射到林地地面。这促使寄主植物大量长出新叶，弥补风暴中的落叶损失。这些新生叶片反过来可以养活更多蝴蝶)”可知，飓风通过促进寄主植物生长对舒斯凤蝶种群产生积极影响。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“With storm intensity potentially increasing, it’s very worrisome that one major storm could really destroy this kind of butterfly. (风暴强度有可能不断加剧，一场强风暴就有可能摧毁这种蝴蝶，这一点令人担忧)”可推知，频繁的强风暴会威胁这种蝴蝶的生存。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In a new study, scientists analyzed a 35-year data set and uncovered an unexpected survival strategy of the endangered Schaus’ swallowtail butterfly. (在一项新研究中，科学家分析了一组历时35年的数据，发现了濒危舒斯凤蝶一种出人意料的生存策略。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍生态科研成果，最有可能出自报道生态研究的科学期刊。 第Ⅱ卷（共35分） 第四部分：写作（共三节，满分35分） 第一节：阅读表达（满分10分） 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I must admit I did not buy 40 books this year. At a nearby bookshop I paid for a membership card that allows me to borrow two or three books at a time and keep them for a month. Owning a book has its advantages, such as allowing you to make notes to your heart’s content, and you can reread it anytime you want, but borrowing holds advantages, too. One consideration is space, and in my city where a foot of land is worth an inch of gold, this issue speaks volumes when it comes to owning books. You want to reread a book, but just look at how many books there are on your bookshelf that you haven’t finished reading even once. People tend to finish books they borrow more quickly than the ones they own, mainly because of the pressure of a deadline. Several times during the year I stayed up late to finish a book the night before the due date. I finished about 10more books that way. It is increasingly difficult to choose a good book because there are simply so many out there. Even if you choose only from a narrow area of interest, singling out 40 is challenging. Book reviews and the comments readers leave on the websites of online bookstores can be helpful in this regard. But you cannot judge a book by its review. What I do is try to find and borrow the book from the bookshop. Some are like fast food: you leaf through (浏览) the pages and finish them quickly. Some are strong in certain chapters but weak in others. Some have titles that scream at you but lack substance (核心内容，实质). I cut my losses by perusing (精读) on the spot or borrowing. Of the 40 I read from cover to cover, I bought four I thought were worth keeping. Strangely, I had not really set out to read those four books but came across them in the bookshop. That unpredictability was one of the exciting parts of this reading adventure. 56. What are the advantages of owning books according to the author? (no more than 15 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 57. What does the underlined part “speaks volumes” in paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 3words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 58. How are book reviews helpful? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What experience was exciting for the author in the bookshop? (no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Should we borrow books or buy books? How do you decide? (no more than 30 words) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. You can make notes freely and reread it anytime you want. 57. matters a lot. 58. They help you choose good books easily and quickly. 59. He came across some nice books unexpectedly. 60. For the books to be tasted and swallowed, I prefer to borrow them. However, for the books to be chewed and digested, I’d like to buy them. 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，作者通过分享个人“借阅为主、精选购买”的阅读模式，探讨了在信息过载与空间有限的时代，如何更明智、高效地获得阅读的乐趣与价值。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Owning a book has its advantages, such as allowing you to make notes to your heart’s content, and you can reread it anytime you want(拥有一本书自有其好处——比如可以随心所欲地记下你内心的想法，且可以随时重读)”可知，拥有图书好处在于可以随心所欲地记笔记和随时重读。故答案为：You can make notes freely and reread it anytime you want. 【57题详解】 考查短语猜测。根据文章第二段划线短语speaks volumes前文的内容“but borrowing holds advantages, too. One consideration is space, and in my city where a foot of land is worth an inch of gold(但借书也有其优点。一个现实的考虑是空间问题，在我生活的城市里一寸土地一寸金)”可知，划线短语前文提到借书的优点就是能节省空间，故可推知在城市这种寸土寸金的现实下，书籍的存放空间变得极为重要，故此处划线speaks volumes短语意为“极其重要”，故答案为：matters a lot. 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“It is increasingly difficult to choose a good book because there are simply so many out there. Even if you choose only from a narrow area of interest, singling out 40 is challenging. Book reviews and the comments readers leave on the websites of online bookstores can be helpful in this regard.(现在要挑到一本好书越来越难，因为书实在太多了。即使只从你感兴趣的某个狭窄领域里挑选，要挑出40本也是个挑战。在这方面，书评和读者在网店留下的评论能有所帮助。)”可知，现在要挑到一本好书越来越难，但是书评和读者的评论可以帮助解决这个问题，故书评可以帮助人们更容易更快地选书。故答案为：They help you choose good books easily and quickly. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段“Of the 40 I read from cover to cover, I bought four I thought were worth keeping. Strangely, I had not really set out to read those four books but came across them in the bookshop. That unpredictability was one of the exciting parts of this reading adventure.(在我从头到尾读完的40本书中，我买了4本我认为值得保留的。奇怪的是，我本来并没有特意打算读这四本书，只是在书店偶然遇到。这种不可预知性是这次阅读冒险中令人兴奋的部分之一。)”可知，作者提到在书店偶然遇到好书所带来的不可预知性，是整个阅读冒险中最令人兴奋的部分之一。故答案为：He came across some nice books unexpectedly. 【60题详解】 考查开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“I cut my losses by perusing (精读) on the spot or borrowing. Of the 40 I read from cover to cover, I bought four I thought were worth keeping. (我通过现场精读或借阅来避免浪费。在我从头到尾读完的40本书中，我买了4本我认为值得保留的。)”可知，作者通过“在书店精读或外借来减少损失，对于值得保留的书才购买”。故通过文章，可以学到的明智决策是：对于大多数书，采用节约来试读，只有少数经过检验且有价值保存的书才购买。故答案为：For the books to be tasted and swallowed, I prefer to borrow them. However, for the books to be chewed and digested, I’d like to buy them. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员，并在英语贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应，你所写的内容应包括： 1．你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位，二选一； 2．通过比较，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率、服务范围等方面进行表述。 餐厅服务员：server 图书馆管理员：librarian 工作效率：working efficiency Dear headmaster, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 【答案】参考答案： Dear headmaster, I’m writing to share my opinion on introducing a robot to our school. Between the two options, I strongly recommend that the robot serve as a canteen server. Here are my reasons based on comparison. Regarding working efficiency, a robot server can continuously deliver meals without feeling tired, which greatly speeds up the lunch queue during peak hours. Compared with a librarian, whose main task is organizing books, a server directly benefits more students. Moreover, a robot can handle multiple tasks like taking orders and cleaning tables, expanding the service range. I believe this choice will make our dining experience much better. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李津的身份给校长写回信，针对学校拟引进机器人担任餐厅服务员或图书馆管理员的方案，选出合适岗位并通过对比阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 推荐：recommend → propose 持续地：continuously → consistently 加快：speed up → accelerate 处理：handle → tackle 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe this choice will make our dining experience much better. 拓展句：I hold the firm belief that this option will contribute to a far more satisfying dining experience for us. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Regarding working efficiency, a robot server can continuously deliver meals without feeling tired, which greatly speeds up the lunch queue during peak hours. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Compared with a librarian, whose main task is organizing books, a server directly benefits more students. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句和过去分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $