Unit 1 Sport and sportsmanship Cross-curricular connection 同步分层作业2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级下册

Unit 1 Sport and sportsmanship Cross-curricular connection 分层作业 建议用时：30分钟 一、单词汉译英（Cross-curricular connection：三种体型 Three body shapes（生物学）） 1. 生物学 ____________ 2. 体型 ____________ 3. 肌肉 ____________ 4. 骨骼 ____________ 5. 身高 ____________ 6. 体重 ____________ 7. 苗条的 ____________ 8. 结实的 ____________ 9. 耐力 ____________ 10. 基因 ____________ 11. 纤维 ____________ 12. 训练 ____________ 二、短语汉译英（教材原短语） 1. 身体类型 ____________ 2. 依赖基因 ____________ 3. 适合 ____________ 4. 增强肌肉 ____________ 5. 保持健康 ____________ 6. 事实上 ____________ 7. 既不……也不 ____________ 8. 以……为例 ____________ 三、词形变换（写出下列名词的形容词形式） 1. biology → ____________ 2. muscle → ____________ 3. power → ____________ 4. energy → ____________ 5. health → ____________ 一、单句填空（用括号内单词的正确形式填空） 1. Marathon runners ____________ (have) slim bodies and strong hearts. 2. Muscles ____________ (grow) stronger with regular training. 3. She ____________ (train) in the gym three times a week since March. 4. Genes ____________ (decide) much of your body shape. 5. Yesterday the class ____________ (learn) about muscle fibres in biology. 二、根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词） 1. 人的体型主要取决于基因。 Your body shape mainly ____________ ____________ genes. 2. 长跑运动员适合耐力项目。 Long-distance runners ____________ ____________ to endurance events. 3. 举重运动员往往骨骼粗壮、肌肉发达。 Weightlifters often have strong ____________ and big ____________. 4. 事实上，大多数人介于两种体型之间。 ____________ ____________, most people are between two body types. 5. 健康比体型更重要。 Staying ____________ matters more than body ____________. 三、句型转换 1. Marathon runners have slim bodies.（对画线部分提问） ____________ ____________ of bodies do marathon runners have? 2. The sprinter's muscles are very strong.（改为感叹句） ____________ ____________ the sprinter's muscles are! 3. Genes decide most of our body shape.（改为一般疑问句） ____________ genes ____________ most of our body shape? 4. Training alone cannot change everything.（改为反意疑问句） Training alone cannot change everything, ____________ ____________? 5. Scientists divide body shapes into three types.（改为被动语态） Body shapes ____________ ____________ into three types by scientists. 四、选词填空（身体科学） 【shape, muscle, endurance, genes, fibre】 1. Swimming keeps your whole body in good ____________. 2. A weightlifter needs powerful ____________ in the arms and legs. 3. Marathon running builds ____________ more than speed. 4. Your ____________ set the basic plan of your body. 5. Dark chicken meat contains more slow-twitch ____________. 五、情景补全对话（5个空，6个选项，1项多余） A. Can training change my body type completely? B. What can a mesomorph do best? C. How many basic body types are there? D. Which type suits long-distance running? E. Is one body type healthier than the others? F. Do you like biology lessons? Ben: Miss Yang, in biology we learned about body shapes. Miss Yang: Good. 1.____________ Ben: Three. Scientists call them ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph. Miss Yang: Right. And which one is built for the marathon? Ben: 2.____________ Miss Yang: The ectomorph, with light bones and long legs. Ben: 3.____________ Miss Yang: The mesomorph, with solid muscles — good for sprinting and ball games. Ben: 4.____________ Miss Yang: No. Training makes you fitter, but your basic type stays with you. Ben: 5.____________ Miss Yang: Not at all. Health depends on exercise, sleep and food, not on shape. 拓展提高（课内同源 + 课外同源） Passage1（课内同源：三种体型，三种赛道） 　　Watch the athletes at a sports meeting and you will see three body plans walking around the track. Biologists call them ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph, and most of us are a mixture of at least two. / The ectomorph is slim and light, with narrow shoulders and long limbs. Gravity asks less of such a body, which is why marathon champions and high jumpers often look almost thin: every gram is a debt paid on every stride. / The mesomorph carries solid muscles on a strong frame and gains strength quickly. Sprinters, gymnasts and ball-game players usually sit here, where raw power turns into speed. / The endomorph is rounder and heavier, with a centre of gravity closer to the ground. That is not a weakness but a design: in shot put, wrestling and sumo, extra mass is the engine itself. / Genes write the first draft of all this — your parents decided your bone length before you were born. Training, though, writes the rest: muscle grows with practice, the heart gets stronger, and skill covers surprising distances. / So the biology lesson ends where the sportsmanship lesson begins. There is no perfect shape, only the shape you bring to your event, trained as far as it will go. 任务一：单项选择 1.Why do marathon champions often look almost thin? A.Every gram is a debt paid on every stride. B.They eat too little. C.They are still growing. D.They dislike muscles. 2.Where does extra body mass become an advantage? A.In shot put, wrestling and sumo. B.In the high jump. C.In the marathon. D.In swimming. 任务二：判断正误(T/F) 3.Most people are a mixture of at least two body types. (　　) 4.Genes decide nothing about your body shape. (　　) 任务三：简答 5.According to the passage, what does training do besides growing muscle? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage2（课外同源：红肉与白肉里的秘密） 　　Cut open a piece of chicken and you can see the biology lesson before you taste it: the leg meat is dark, the breast meat is pale. The colour is not seasoning — it is muscle fibre telling you how the animal lives. / Muscles are built from two main kinds of fibre. Slow-twitch fibres are thin, dark and tireless; they burn fat slowly with oxygen and can work for hours. Fast-twitch fibres are thick, pale and explosive; they fire at full power for seconds and then need rest. / A chicken that walks around the farm all day fills its legs with slow-twitch fibres, so the dark meat belongs to endurance. Its breast, used only in short bursts of flapping, stays white. Migrating birds, which fly for days, are almost all dark meat. / Human muscles carry the same two fibres in a mix that genes largely decide, which is one reason world-class sprinters and marathon runners are rarely the same people. Champion sprinters test with a high share of fast-twitch fibres; endurance runners show the opposite. / Training shifts the balance only a little, but it teaches every fibre to work better. Coaches therefore build different programmes: long slow runs for the dark fibres, short explosive sprints for the white ones. / So next time you pick dark meat or white, you are really choosing between a marathon engine and a sprint engine — biology, served for dinner. 任务一：单项选择 1.Why is chicken leg meat darker than breast meat? A.The legs hold more slow-twitch, oxygen-burning fibres. B.It is older meat. C.It has more salt. D.It contains blood. 2.Which fibres do world-class sprinters have more of? A.Fast-twitch fibres. B.Slow-twitch fibres. C.Both equally. D.No fibres at all. 任务二：判断正误(T/F) 3.Slow-twitch fibres can work for hours without tiring. (　　) 4.Training can completely turn fast-twitch fibres into slow-twitch ones. (　　) 任务三：简答 5.Why are migrating birds almost all dark meat? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 任务四：单元微写作 生物课后，老师请你写一段话解释“为什么不同的人适合不同的运动”，不少于6句话。请写清身体差异、举例说明，并用上 be suited to 和 in fact。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 夯实基础 一、单词汉译英 1.biology 2.body shape 3.muscle 4.bone 5.height 6.weight 7.slim 8.solid 9.endurance 10.gene 11.fibre 12.training 二、短语汉译英 1.body type 2.depend on genes 3.be suited to 4.build muscle 5.stay fit 6.in fact 7.neither...nor 8.take...for example 三、词形变换 1.biological 2.muscular 3.powerful 4.energetic 5.healthy 能力进阶 一、单句填空 1.have 2.grow 3.has trained 4.decide 5.learned 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.depends; on 2.are; suited 3.bones; muscles 4.In; fact 5.fit; shape 三、句型转换 1.What; kind 2.How; strong 3.Do; decide 4.can; it 5.are; divided 四、选词填空 1.shape 2.muscle 3.endurance 4.genes 5.fibre 五、情景补全对话 答案：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.E；多余项：F 拓展提高 Passage1 任务一：1.A 2.A 任务二：3.T 4.F 任务三简答：5.It makes the heart stronger and skill covers surprising distances. Passage2 任务一：1.A 2.A 任务二：3.T 4.F 任务三简答：5.Because they fly for days, so their muscles are almost all slow-twitch endurance fibres. 任务四范文：Not every runner needs the same body, and that is the first thing biology teaches us about sport. Marathon athletes are usually slim and light, because every extra gram costs energy on each of the fifty thousand steps they take. Sprinters and ball players, on the other hand, often have solid muscles on a strong frame, which turns power into speed. In fact, genes write the first draft of our body shape, deciding things like bone length before we are even born. But training always writes the rest: muscles grow, hearts get stronger, and practice improves balance and timing. Each body is suited to different events, so a shot putter should not feel sad about not winning the 800 metres. The real goal is simple: find your event, train honestly, and stay fit for life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $