内容正文:
UNIT 4
Body Language
Words and expressions
1. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 交流;相互影响
▪ 词形变化:interact (v. 交流)
→ interactive (adj. 互动的)
▪ 常用搭配:interaction with + sb. 与某人的交流
🖊 应用文背诵句:Social interaction is important for children.
✏ 续写背诵句:
The interaction between teacher and students is lively.
师生之间的互动很活跃。
2. vary /ˈveəri/ vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
▪ 词形变化:
various (adj. 各种各样的)→ variety (n. 多样)
→variable (adj. 多变的)→variation (n. 变化,变动)
▪ 常用搭配:vary from... to... 从……到……不等
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Opinions on this topic vary from person to person.
对于这个话题,人们观点不一。
✏ 续写背诵句:
Her voice varied as she recalled the story.
回忆往事时,她的声音起伏不定。
3. appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ adj. 合适的;恰当的
▪ 词形变化:appropriately (adv.)
→ inappropriate (adj. 不恰当的)
▪ 常用搭配:be appropriate for/to... 对……合适
🖊 应用文背诵句:
It is appropriate for us to take some practical measures.
我们采取一些切实可行的措施是恰当的。(建议信)
✏ 续写背诵句:
Not knowing the appropriate way to comfort her, I just sat beside her quietly.
我不知道该用什么合适的方式安慰她,只能静静坐在她身旁。
4. by contrast 相比之下
▪ 词形变化:contrast (n./v. 对比)
▪ 常用搭配:by contrast 相比之下;
in contrast with/to 与……形成对比
🖊 应用文背诵句:
By contrast, few people realize the importance of body language.
相比之下,很少有人意识到肢体语言的重要性
✏ 续写背诵句:
Tom felt anxious and helpless. By contrast, his sister remained calm and hopeful.
汤姆焦虑无助。相比之下,他的妹妹依旧冷静,心怀希望。
5. approve /əˈpruːv/ vi. 赞成;同意 vt. 批准;通过
▪ 词形变化:approve (v.) → approval (n. 赞成;批准)
disapprove v. 不赞成
disapproval n. 不赞同
▪ 常用搭配:approve of (doing) sth. 赞成(做)某事
approve of sb doing sth. 赞成某人(做)某事
🖊 应用文背诵句:
I strongly approve of the idea that students should take regular exercise.
我非常赞同学生应当坚持锻炼这个观点。
✏ 续写背诵句:
His parents didn't approve of his decision at first.
起初他的父母并不赞成他的决定。
6. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ vt. 表现;表达; 说明;证明
▪ 词形变化:demonstration (n. 示范;证明)
▪ 常用搭配:demonstrate sth. to sb. 向某人证明/示范某事
🖊 应用文背诵句:
The lecture aims to demonstrate basic skills of first aid.
这场讲座旨在演示基础急救技能。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She demonstrated great courage in the rescue work.
她在救援工作中表现出极大的勇气。
7. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ n. 手势;姿势;姿态
▪ 词形变化:gesture (n./v. 做手势)
▪ 常用搭配:make a gesture 做手势;
a gesture of friendship 友好的姿态
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Some gestures may have different meanings in different cultures.
一些手势在不同文化中含义不同。
✏ 续写背诵句:
It was just a small gesture, but it warmed my heart greatly.
这只是一个小小的善意举动,却深深温暖了我的心。
8. witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ vt. 当场看到;目击;见证
n. 目击者;证人
▪ 词形变化:eyewitness (n. 目击证人)
▪ 常用搭配:witness sth. 目击某事;
witness sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
a witness to... ……的证人
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Last weekend witnessed a volunteer campaign organized by our class.
上周末我们班举组织了一场志愿活动。
✏ 续写背诵句:
I witnessed him risking his life to save the drowning child.
我亲眼看见他冒着生命危险救那个落水的孩子。
9. employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ vt. 使用;应用;雇用
▪ 词形变化:employee (n. 雇员) → employer (n. 雇主) → employment (n. 就业)
▪ 常用搭配:employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We can employ effective ways to reduce stress.
我们可以采用有效的方法减轻压力。
✏ 续写背诵句:
He employed all his strength to pull the drowning boy out of the water.
他用尽全身力气把落水男孩拉上岸。
10. identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj. 相同的
▪ 词形变化:identically (adv.) → identity (n. 身份)
▪ 常用搭配:be identical to/with... 与……完全相同
🖊 应用文背诵句:Their opinions are almost identical.
✏ 续写背诵句:
The scene was nearly identical to what I had seen years before.
眼前的景象和我多年前所见几乎一模一样。
11. interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/ vt. 把……理解(解释)为 vi. & vt. 口译
▪ 词形变化:interpretation (n. 解释;口译) → interpreter (n. 口译者)
▪ 常用搭配:interpret... as... 把……理解为……
🖊 应用文背诵句:I interpret his silence as agreement.
✏ 续写背诵句:
She interpreted my smile as a sign of approval.
她把我的微笑理解为赞许的表示。
12. differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ vi. 相异;不同于
▪ 词形变化:different (adj.) → difference (n. 差别)
▪ 常用搭配:differ from... in... 在……方面与……不同
�� 应用文背诵句:
People differ in their attitudes towards online courses.
人们对于网课的态度各不相同。
13. by comparison (与……)相比较
▪ 词形变化:comparison (n. 比较) compare (v.)
▪ 常用搭配:by comparison 相比之下;
in comparison with 与……相比
🖊 应用文背诵句:
By comparison, our school life is colorful.
✏ 续写背诵句:
His voice sounded nervous. By comparison, hers was calm and steady.
他的声音听起来紧张。相比之下,她的声音平静沉稳。
14. cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 面颊;脸颊
▪ 词形变化:cheeky (adj. 厚脸皮的)
▪ 常用搭配:kiss sb. on the cheek 亲吻某人的脸颊
tears roll/run down one’s cheeks 泪水顺着脸颊滑落
🖊 应用文背诵句:
A kiss on the cheek serves as a common gesture of greeting in western cultures.
在西方文化中,吻颊是常见的问候手势。
✏ 续写背诵句:
Cheeks burning with embarrassment, she lowered her head and kept silent.
她脸颊羞得发烫,低下头一言不发。
15. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ vt. 较喜欢;选择;有利于
n. 帮助;恩惠;赞同
▪ 词形变化:
favourite (adj. 最喜爱的) → favourable (adj. 有利的)
▪ 常用搭配:in favour of 赞成;
do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙=do a favour for sb
favour sth /favour doing sth 偏爱、支持做某事
be favourable to 对…… 有利
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Some are in favour of the opinion, while others are against it.
一些人支持这个观点,然而另一些人反对。
✏ 续写背诵句:Seeing my trouble, she willingly did me a favour.
看到我遇到麻烦,她乐意帮了我一把。
16. bow /baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬;点头 vt. 低(头)
/bəʊ/ n. 弓;蝴蝶结
▪ 词形变化:bowing (n. 鞠躬)
▪ 常用搭配:bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬; bow down 俯身
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Bowing is a traditional gesture to demonstrate respect.
鞠躬是表达敬意的传统手势。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She bowed her head, cheeks burning with shame.
她低下头,脸颊因羞愧而发烫。
17. waist /weɪst/ n. 腰;腰部
▪ 词形变化:waist (n.) → waistline (n. 腰围)
▪ 常用搭配:put one's hands on one's waist 双手叉腰
✏ 续写背诵句:
She put her hands on her waist and stared at me.
她双手叉腰,瞪着我。
18. make inferences 推理;推断
▪ 词形变化:infer (v. 推断) → inference (n. 推断)
▪ 常用搭配:make inferences from/by... 从……做出推断
🖊 应用文背诵句:
When reading, we need to make inferences from the context.
阅读时,我们需要从上下文作出推断。
✏ 续写背诵句:
From her smile, I made an inference that she was satisfied.
从她的微笑,我推断她很满意。
19. break down 消除;分解;打破
✏ 续写背诵句:With the help of the teacher,
the barriers broke down gradually.
在老师的帮助下,障碍逐渐消除了。
20. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 障碍;壁垒
▪ 常用搭配:a barrier to (doing) sth. (做)某事的障碍
🖊 应用文背诵句:
A smile can help break down the barriers between strangers.
微笑有助于打破陌生人之间的隔阂。
✏ 续写背诵句:
Warm words removed the barrier between the two girls.
温暖的话语消除了两个女孩之间的隔阂。
21. fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的;假冒的
▪ 词形变化:faked (adj.) →fakeness (n. 伪造)
▪ 常用搭配:fake goods 假货; fake information 虚假信息
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We should learn to tell real news from fake information online.
我们应当学会区分网络上真实新闻与虚假信息。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She tried to fake calmness, but her trembling voice gave her away.
她努力假装镇定,但颤抖的声音暴露了她。
22. anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 怒气;怒火
▪ 词形变化:angry (adj.)→ angrily (adv.)
▪ 常用搭配:in anger 生气地; anger at sth. 对某事的愤怒
hold back one’s anger 克制怒火
overcome one’s anger 平息怒火
be filled with anger 满腔怒火
🖊 应用文背诵句:
It is unwise to act in anger.
在愤怒之下行事是不明智的。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She turned red with anger and left the room.
她气得脸通红,离开了房间。
23. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的;可靠的
▪ 词形变化:rely (v. 依赖) → reliability (n. 可靠性)
▪ 常用搭配:a reliable friend/source 一个可靠的朋友/来源
🖊 应用文背诵句:
He is honest and reliable, so I strongly recommend him for the volunteer job.
他诚实可靠,因此我强烈推荐他担任志愿者。
✏ 续写背诵句:
I knew I could count on him, for he was always reliable.
我知道我可以依靠他,因为他一向值得信赖。
24. incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ n. 发生的事情;严重事件;冲突
25. trial /ˈtraɪəl/ n. & v. 审讯;审判;试验;试用
▪ 词形变化:trial (n.) → try (v. 尝试;审判)
▪ 常用搭配:a trial period 试用期; on trial 在受审中
by trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索
face a trial 经受考验
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We learn skills mainly by trial and error.
我们主要通过反复摸索来学习技能。
✏ 续写背诵句:Through this tough trial, he turned into a more reliable man.
经历这场艰难考验后,他变成了一个更加可靠的人
26. slight /slaɪt/ adj. 轻微的;略微的
▪ 词形变化:slight (adj.) → slightly (adv.)
▪ 常用搭配:a slight change/headache 轻微的变化/头痛
🖊 应用文背诵句:
There will be a slight change to the activity schedule.
活动安排将会有微小调整。
✏ 续写背诵句:
A slight smile appeared on her cheeks, easing my anxiety.
她脸颊浮现淡淡的微笑,缓解了我的不安。
27. twin /twɪn/ adj. 双胞胎之一的;孪生之一的 n. 双胞胎之一;孪生之一
▪ 词形变化:twins (n. 双胞胎)
28. nonverbal /ˌnɒnˈvɜːbl/ adj. 不涉及语言的;非语言的
▪ 词形变化:verbal (adj. 口头的) → nonverbal (adj.)(non- 前缀:非)
▪ 常用搭配:nonverbal communication/language 非语言交流
29. assessment /əˈsesmənt/ n. 评价;评定
▪ 词形变化:assess (v.) → assessment (n.)
▪ 常用搭配:make an assessment of... 对……做出评价
30. internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/ adj. 内部的;里面的
▪ 词形变化:internally (adv.)
31. straighten up 直起来;整理;收拾整齐
▪ 词形变化:straight (adj. 直的) → straighten (v. 弄直)
▪ 常用搭配:straighten up the room 整理房间
32. slump /slʌmp/ vi. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等) n.(价格等的)暴跌
▪ 常用搭配:slump into a chair 瘫坐在椅子上
33. pose /pəʊz/ vi. 摆姿势 vt. 造成(威胁等) n. 姿势
▪ 词形变化: position (n. 位置;姿势)(同源)
▪ 常用搭配:pose for a photo 摆好姿势拍照;
pose a threat to 对……构成威胁
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Air pollution poses a serious threat to our health.
空气污染对我们的健康构成严重威胁。
34. bend /bend/ vi. & vt.(使)弯曲;倾斜(屈伸)
▪ 词形变化:bent (过去式/过去分词)
▪ 常用搭配:bend down 弯腰; bend over 俯身
✏ 续写背诵句:
The old man bent down to talk with the child.
老人弯下腰和孩子说话。
35. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ vt. 揭示;显示;露出
▪ 词形变化:reveal (v.) → revelation (n. 揭示)
▪ 常用搭配:reveal a secret/the truth 揭露秘密/真相
✏ 续写背诵句:His red face revealed his anger.
他通红的脸显示出了他的怒气。
36. clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/ vt. 使更容易理解;阐明;澄清
▪ 词形变化:clarification (n. 澄清)
▪ 常用搭配:
clarify the situation/misunderstanding 澄清情况/误会
clarify one’s points 阐明观点
🖊 应用文背诵句:
I am writing to clarify some details about the coming activity.
我写此信是为了说明即将到来活动的一些细节.
✏ 续写背诵句:
He explained quickly to clarify the misunderstanding between them.
他连忙解释,澄清两人之间的误会。
37. in other words 换句话说;也就是说
38. educator /ˈedʒʊkeɪtə(r)/ n. 教师;教育工作者;教育家
▪ 词形变化:educate (v.) → education (n.)
▪ 常用搭配:a famous educator 一位著名教育家
39. tick /tɪk/ n. 对号;勾号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n. 嘀嗒声
▪ 词形变化:ticking (n. 嘀嗒声)
▪ 常用搭配:put a tick 打勾; tick away/by(时间)流逝
40. tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势;倾向
▪ 词形变化:tend (v. 倾向) tend to do sth
▪ 常用搭配:have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向
🖊 应用文背诵句:
There is a growing tendency for students to take part in volunteer work.
学生参与志愿活动正成为一种日益增长的趋势。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She had a tendency to wear a fake smile when feeling nervous.
她紧张的时候,习惯挤出假笑。
41. lower /ˈləʊə(r)/ vt. 把……放低;降低;减少 adj. 下方的;下面的;较少的
▪ 词形变化:low (adj.) → lowly (adv. 低地)
▪ 常用搭配:lower one's voice 压低声音
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Proper communication can lower the risk of misunderstanding.
恰当沟通能够降低误会产生的风险
✏ 续写背诵句:
He lowered his head, not knowing what to say.
他低下头,不知道该说什么。
42. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ vt. 意味着;暗示
▪ 词形变化:implication (n. 含意;暗示)
▪ 常用搭配:imply that... 暗示……
✏ 续写背诵句:
Her frown implied that she was not satisfied.
她皱眉暗示她不满意。
43. barely /ˈbeəli/ adv. 几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚
▪ 词形变化:bare (adj. 赤裸的;空的)
✏ 续写背诵句:
She was so tired that she could barely keep her eyes open.
她累得几乎睁不开眼睛。
44. chin /tʃɪn/ n. 下巴
▪ 常用搭配:hold up one's chin 抬起下巴
✏ 续写背诵句:
The boy raised his chin and answered confidently.
男孩抬起下巴,自信地回答。
45. stare /steə(r)/ vt. 凝视;注视
▪ 常用搭配:stare at sb./sth. 盯着某人/某物看
46. occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ vt. 占据;占用
▪ 词形变化:occupation (n. 职业;占领)
▪ 常用搭配:be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
occupy oneself with sth /in doing sth 忙于某事
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Too many after-school activities occupy much of students’spare time.
过多课外活动占据学生大量课余时间。
✏ 续写背诵句:
She was occupied in preparing for the exam.
她忙着准备考试。
47. ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ n. 天花板;上限
▪ 常用搭配:hit the ceiling 大发雷霆
✏ 续写背诵句:
She lay on the bed, staring at the ceiling.
她躺在床上,盯着天花板。
48. distract /dɪˈstrækt/ vt. 分散(注意力);使分心
▪ 词形变化:distracted (adj.)→distraction (n. 分心;娱乐)
▪ 常用搭配:distract sb. from (doing) sth. 使某人分心而不能做某事
distract one’s attention 转移注意力
🖊 应用文背诵句:
The phone distracts the students from listening.
手机使学生们听课分心。
49. perceive /pəˈsiːv/ vt. 感知;觉察;察觉
▪ 词形变化:perception (n. 知觉;看法)
→perceptive adj. 敏锐的;有洞察力的
▪ 常用搭配:perceive sth. as... 把某物看作……
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Many teenagers perceive failure as a shameful experience.
很多青少年把失败看作一件丢脸的事。
✏ 续写背诵句:
He perceived her unease, so he lowered his voice to comfort her.
他察觉到她的不安,于是压低声音安慰她。
50. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ vi. & vt. 区分;辨别;
▪ 词形变化:distinguished (adj. 杰出的) → distinction (n. 区别)
▪ 常用搭配:distinguish A from B 区分A和B
distinguish between A and B 辨别A和B
distinguish oneself 脱颖而出;表现出众
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We should learn to distinguish true information from fake news online.
我们要学会在网上辨别真实信息与虚假新闻。
✏ 续写背诵句:
He distinguished himself by remaining calm in the tough trial.
他在严峻考验中保持冷静,脱颖而出。
51. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
▪ 词形变化:anxious (adj.) → anxiously (adv.)
▪ 常用搭配:be anxious about... 对……感到焦虑
with anxiety 焦急地
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Too much pressure may lead to anxiety among teenagers.
过大压力可能会引发青少年的焦虑。
✏ 续写背诵句:
Her eyes were filled with anxiety as she waited for the result.
等待结果时,她眼中满是焦虑。
52. chest /tʃest/ n. 胸部;胸膛
▪ 常用搭配:put a hand on one's chest 把手放在胸口
✏ 续写背诵句:
She held the precious letter tightly to her chest.
她把珍贵的信紧紧抱在胸前。
53. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 羞愧的;尴尬的
▪ 词形变化:embarrass (v.) →embarrassing (adj. 令人尴尬的) → embarrassment (n.)
▪ 常用搭配:be/feel embarrassed about/at... 对……感到尴尬
✏ 续写背诵句:
Standing on the stage, she felt a little embarrassed.
站在台上,她感到有点尴尬。
54. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj. 羞愧的;惭愧的
▪ 词形变化:shame (n. 羞耻) → shameful (adj. 可耻的)
▪ 常用搭配:
be ashamed of (doing) sth. 为(做)某事感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth 羞于做某事
feel ashamed 感到羞愧
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We should not be ashamed of admitting our mistakes.
我们不应为承认错误而感到羞愧。
✏ 续写背诵句:
He felt deeply ashamed and lowered his head, cheeks burning.
他深感羞愧,低下头,脸颊发烫。
55. merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv. 只是;仅仅;不过
▪ 词形变化:mere (adj. 仅仅的)
▪ 常用搭配:not merely... but also... 不仅……而且……
56. call on (短暂)访问;要求(某人讲话等)
▪ 常用搭配:call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We call on students to recycle rubbish and raise environmental awareness.
我们呼吁同学们回收垃圾,提高环保意识。
57. bother /ˈbɒðə(r)/ vi. & vt. 费心;烦扰;使…操心 n. 麻烦;不便
▪ 词形变化:bother (v./n.) → bothersome (adj. 讨厌的)
▪ 常用搭配:bother sb 打扰某人;
bother to do sth 费心 / 特意去做某事(多用于否定句)
It bothers sb that… 某事使某人困扰
🖊 应用文背诵句:
It bothers many people that plastic waste pollutes oceans.
塑料垃圾污染海洋这件事困扰着很多人.
58. weep /wiːp/ vi. & vt. 哭泣;流泪
▪ 词形变化:wept(过去式/过去分词)
▪ 常用搭配:weep for/over... 为……哭泣
✏ 续写背诵句:
Hearing the sad news, she wept silently in the corner.
听到这个伤心的消息,她在角落里默默地流泪。
59. at work 在工作
▪ 词形变化:work (n./v.) → workplace (n. 工作场所)
▪ 常用搭配: out of work 失业
60. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突;争执
/kənˈflɪkt/ vi. 冲突;抵触
▪ 词形变化:conflict (n./v.) → conflicting (adj. 冲突的)
▪ 常用搭配:in conflict with... 与……有冲突;
come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
🖊 应用文背诵句:
There is often a conflict between economic development and environmental protection.
经济发展与环境保护之间常常存在矛盾。
✏ 续写背诵句:
For days, the conflict bothered me greatly, and I didn’t know how to fix it.
连日来,这场矛盾深深困扰着我,我不知道如何化解。
61. inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪə(r)/ vi. & vt. 询问;打听
▪ 词形变化:enquire (v.) → inquiry (n. 询问;调查)
▪ 常用搭配:inquire about sth. 打听某事;
inquire of sb. 询问某人
🖊 应用文背诵句:
I am writing to inquire about details of the activity.
我写信是想咨询这次活动的相关细节。
✏ 续写背诵句:
He inquired politely about the way to the station.
他礼貌地询问去车站的路。
62. ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/ adv. 最终;最后
63. adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ vi. 适应;适应 vt. 调整;调节
▪ 词形变化:adjustment (n. 调整) → adjustable (adj. 可调节的)
▪ 常用搭配:adjust (oneself) to... (使自己)适应……
🖊 应用文背诵句:
We need to adjust our lifestyle to reduce pollution and protect nature.
我们需要调整生活方式以减少污染、保护自然。
✏ 续写背诵句:
I tried to adjust my attitude and listen to my friend patiently.
我努力调整心态,耐心倾听朋友的想法。
64. intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/ vi. 干预;介入
▪ 词形变化:intervention (n. 干预)
▪ 常用搭配:intervene in... 干预……
✏ 续写背诵句:
Seeing our bitter quarrel, our teacher decided to intervene in our conflict.
看到我们激烈争吵,老师决定介入调解我们之间的矛盾。
65. react /riˈækt/ vi. 对……起反应;回应(对竞争对手)作出反应
▪ 词形变化: reaction (n. 反应)
▪ 常用搭配:react to... 对……做出反应
66. component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ n. 组成部分;零件
▪ 常用搭配:a key/major component 关键/主要组成部分
🖊 应用文背诵句:
Trust is an important component of friendship.
67. tone /təʊn/ n. 语气;语调;口吻
✏ 续写背诵句:
In a gentle tone, she comforted the crying child.
她用温柔的语气安慰着哭泣的孩子。
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