Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper阅读表达题型专练 人与自然—自然灾害 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．To India for a cultural exchange program. 2．Knew nothing about Indian culture. 3．Namaste. 4．With his palm. 5．Indian customs and cross-cultural communication. Passage 2 1．We should ask politely. 2．We should look down slightly when talking to elders. 3．It means it’s raining heavily. 4．We should ask open questions. 5．Yes, I do. Because showing respect is the most important in cross-cultural communication, and everyone may make mistakes.（答案合理即可） Passage 3 1．They can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. 2．It means guests can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. 3．Bringing a small gift when invited. 4．You should ask politely. 5．I think being considerate is the most important quality because it shows you care about the host’s feelings and efforts. Passage 4 1．Happiness, victory or peace. 2．Frowning. 3．No. 4．Body language is important and it has different meanings in different cultures. 5．My favourite body language mentioned in the text is the “V” gesture, because this means happiness, victory or peace. Every time I take part in different kinds of competition, I will feel very nervous. However, when my parents show this body language to me to encourage me, I will be full of confidence. Passage 5 1．No, they don’t. 2．Make and follow daily plans. 3．They don’t care. 4．To show respect. 5．Different ideas about time around the world. Passage 6 1．They usually hug or give cheek kisses. 2．At 6 pm. 3．Because the left hand is considered unclean. 4．Shake our heads. 5．It’s impolite to stick the chopsticks into the rice. Passage 7 1． We should learn about the basic customs of the country. 2．We should not interrupt them and ask them to repeat or explain slowly. 3．Because some acceptable gestures in our country may have a bad meaning in another country. 4．We should not be afraid to apologize. 5．We should be patient and listen carefully when communicating with people from different cultures. Passage 8 1．It helps to build bridges between different cultures. 2．Four/4. 3．It can give you a taste of its culture. 4．The artists (from different places). 5．A closer and more understanding global community. Passage 9 1．It means normal and social behavior. 2．Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. 3．Would you mind not talking loudly here?/Would you mind speaking in a low voice?/Would you mind keeping your voice down? 4．In some Asian countries. 5．Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．The UK. 2．A little embarrassed. 3．A cup of coffee. 4．No. 5．I would make great progress and succeed, and let my parents enjoy their golden years. Passage 2 1．Yes. 2．After they come back home later. 3．The timing of opening a gift and the openness and directness of giving money. 4．Yes, it is. Because I should also buy expensive gifts to the gifter. I can’t afford it. Passage 3 1．On the roof of a house. 2．A dog. 3．Centuries ago. 4．A small gift or candies. 5．I like Tooth Fairy best. Because I can get gifts or money. Passage 4 1．It means “Hello!” 2．They think the question needs a serious answer or the person wants to talk more. 3．Say “Hi, mate”. 4．They touch cheeks and make a kissing sound. 5．Yes. Because greetings in Western cultures are often casual, while in China, people may shake hands or use formal titles like “Mr./Ms.” Passage 5 1．No, he didn’t. 2．After Erin invited him to do so. 3．Because Erin needed Bo Chen’s advice for the program to succeed, but Bo Chen kept quiet. 4．Yes. In China, silence is often a sign of respect, like when kids listen quietly to adults. But in other countries, people may think remaining/keeping silent shows one’s disagreement or shyness Passage 6 1．I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table, facing the door./ I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table and face the door. 2．The rules of using chopsticks in China 3．Don’t play with food or table utensils. 4．Because it is believed to bring bad luck. 5．Yes (, I think so).（以下回答只要合乎情理、符合题义，便可酌情给分） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Crossing Cultures阅读表达题型专练 人与社会—文化交流 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 A Story of Cultural Exchange Li Hua is a student from China. Last summer, he went to India for a cultural exchange program. He was excited but a little worried at first because he knew nothing about Indian culture. On the first day, he wanted to greet his Indian host. He tried to shake hands, but his host stopped him and did namaste. Li Hua was confused and learned this greeting quickly. Then, he learned to eat curry with his palm. At first, it was difficult, but he enjoyed it soon. During the program, Li Hua learned many Indian customs, like how to bow to teachers and how to talk politely with elders. He also told his Indian friends about Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival and kung fu. Before leaving, Li Hua and his Indian friends hugged each other. He made many friends and learned a lot. He said, “Cross-cultural communication helps us understand each other better.” 1．Where did Li Hua go last summer? _________________________________________________________________ 2． What was Li Hua worried about at first? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What greeting did Li Hua learn in India? _________________________________________________________________ 4．How did Li Hua eat curry at first? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What did Li Hua learn from the program? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 How to Talk to Someone from a Different Background Communicating with people from different cultures can be tricky (棘手的), but these tips can help: (1) Be curious, not judgmental (爱妄下判断的): If someone does something you don’t understand (like bowing instead of shaking hands), ask politely. Say, “I noticed you bow when greeting—could you tell me about that?” instead of thinking, “That’s strange.” (2) Watch your body language: Eye contact means respect in some cultures, but rudeness in others. In many Asian cultures, it’s polite to look down slightly when talking to elders. (3) Avoid idioms (避免习语): Phrases like “it’s raining cats and dogs” confuse non-native speakers. Say “it’s raining heavily” instead. (4) Listen more than you talk: People love to share their culture. Ask open questions like, “What’s a traditional food in your country?” and really listen to the answer. Remember, everyone makes mistakes—just laugh them off and learn. The goal isn’t to be perfect, but to show respect. 1．What should you do if someone does something you don’t understand? _________________________________________________________________ 2．In many Asian cultures, how should you act when talking to elders? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What’s the meaning of “it’s raining cats and dogs”? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What kind of questions should you ask to learn about someone’s culture? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you agree that the goal of cross-cultural communication isn’t to be perfect, but to show respect? Why or why not? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 In many cultures, being a good guest is highly valued. However, what makes a good guest can be different from one country to another. In China, guests are often treated like royalty. When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. The host will do everything to make you feel comfortable. In return, guests are expected to show appreciation and not be too demanding. In Western countries, the guest-host relationship is often more relaxed. Guests are expected to be independent and follow the host’s routine. For example, if the host says “Make yourself at home”, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited. It shows that you value the host’s invitation. Also, it is polite to offer help with cleaning up after a meal, though the host may refuse. When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask. A simple question like “Is there anything I can do to help?” shows that you are considerate. 1．What can a guest expect when visiting a Chinese home?   _________________________________________________________________ 2．In Western countries, what does “Make yourself at home” usually mean?   _________________________________________________________________ 3．What is a common rule for guests everywhere?   _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should you do if you are not sure about the custom?   _________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think is the most important quality of a good guest? Why?   _________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 People use body language almost every day. What is body language? How does it work? Want to speak with your body? Use body language! A “V” gesture shows happiness, victory or peace. Opening the mouth wide shows surprise. This is body language. When you speak with others, body language is important. Scientists say we do 65 percent of our communication with body language. For example, when you make faces, people think you are naughty (淘气的) or shy. Frowning (皱眉) shows you are angry. Sometimes your words say one thing, but your body language says another. For example, you touch your face while telling a lie. In different cultures, the same body language may have different meanings. Nodding your head in most countries means “Yes”. But in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means “No”. Different body language can also mean the same thing. Take “hello” for example. The French like to kiss cheeks (脸颊) to say “hello”. But the Japanese bow (鞠躬). Maoris in New Zealand touch noses with each other when they meet. 1．What does the “V” gesture mean according to the text? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What body language means anger according to the text? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What does “nodding your head” mean in some parts of Greece and Turkey? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What body language mentioned in the text is your favourite? Why? (write 30 words or more) _________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 People in the world have different ways of thinking about time and how to use it. In the US, Americans often say, “Time is money.” This means they really care about time. They usually make plans for their day and stick to them. If someone is late for a meeting, it can make people think badly of them. But in Italy, people are more relaxed about time. Enjoying life, eating good food, and spending time with family and friends are often more important than following a timetable. So, in Italian meetings, it’s usual for people to be a little late, like a few minutes or even ten minutes, and they don’t care about it. In Japan and China, people’s ideas about time are between the US and Italy. In Japan, although (尽管) they’re not as exact as Americans about every second, being on time is still very important. Japanese often arrive early at meeting places to show respect (尊重). In China, more and more people are starting to plan their time well. These different ideas about time show how different countries are around the world. 1.Do people around the world have the same idea about time? _________________________________________________________________ 2.How do Americans usually plan their time? _________________________________________________________________ 3.What do Italians usually do when they are late for meetings? _________________________________________________________________ 4.Why do Japanese people often arrive early? _________________________________________________________________ 5.What is the passage mainly (主要) about? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 As a ninth grader, learning about different cultures has opened my eyes to how different our world truly is. Every country has its own unique customs and traditions that make it special. In India, people often greet each other by saying “Namaste” with their hands pressed together. This is very different from countries like Brazil, where friends usually hug or give cheek kisses when they meet. Even simple things like meal times can vary greatly. In Spain, it’s normal to eat dinner as late as 9 or 10 pm, while in Germany, people usually have their evening meal at 6 pm. Food customs are particularly interesting. In China, it’s polite to leave a little food on your plate to show your host served enough, but in Canada, you’re expected to finish everything. In many Middle Eastern countries, people eat with their right hand only, as the left hand is considered unclean. What surprised me most was learning about gestures. In Bulgaria, nodding your head means “no”, while shaking it means “yes”—the complete opposite of what I’m used to! These cultural differences used to confuse me, but now I find them fascinating. They remind me that there’s no single “right” way to do things. Understanding these differences helps me appreciate our world and become more respectful towards people from all cultures. 1．How do people in Brazil usually greet each other? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When do Germans usually have their evening meal? _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why do people in many Middle Eastern countries eat with their right hand only? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we want to show agreement in Bulgaria? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Give an example about a special custom in China. (答案须与文中所给例子不同) _________________________________________________________________ Passage 7 How to Communicate Well in Cross-Cultural Situations When we communicate with people from different countries, it’s important to know how to do it well. Here are some useful suggestions to help you have better cross-cultural communication. Learning about the basic customs of the country before you meet people from there is a good start. For example, if you are going to meet someone from Japan, you should know that bowing is a common way to show respect. This can help you avoid making mistakes and leave a good impression. Being polite and patient when talking with others also matters. If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them. Instead, ask them to repeat or explain slowly. It’s also important to listen carefully and show your interest in their words. Avoiding using gestures that may be impolite in their culture is necessary too. Some gestures that are acceptable in your country may have a bad meaning in another country. For example, pointing at someone with your finger is not polite in many countries. Besides, be open-minded and respect their differences. Don’t judge their customs or habits with your own standards. Every culture is valuable, and we should learn to accept and respect them. If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to apologize. It can show your sincerity and help you build a good relationship with them. Following these suggestions can help you communicate better with people from different cultures and make more friends around the world. 1．What should we do before meeting people from other countries? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What should we do if we don’t understand what others say?   _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why should we avoid using some gestures in cross-cultural communication? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we make a mistake in cross-cultural communication?   _________________________________________________________________ 5．What’s your own suggestion for cross-cultural communication? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 In today’s world, cultural exchange (文化交流) has become more important than ever. It helps to build bridges between different cultures. How does cultural exchange happen? ●  One of the simplest ways that cultural exchange happens is through food. Eating a country’s traditional dishes can give you a taste of its culture. For example, Sushi is a popular Japanese dish that has become loved around the world. It represents the culinary (烹饪的) culture of Japan and has introduced many people to the sense of using fresh, natural food materials. ●   Language is another key aspect of cultural exchange. Learning a new language opens doors to a country’s history, literature (文学), and philosophical (哲学的) ideas. ●  Art and music are further examples of how culture is shared and developed. International film festivals and music concerts allow artists to show their works to people around the world. This encourages the artists from different places to create and work together. ●  Cultural exchange also plays an important role in education. Studying abroad programs and international student exchanges provide students with direct experience of another culture. These experiences can open up a new world to students. In conclusion, the growth of cultural exchange allows us to appreciate the diversity (多样性) of our world. As we continue to share and learn about each other’s culture, we build a closer and more understanding global community. 1．Why has cultural exchange become more important than ever? _________________________________________________________________ 2．How many ways of cultural exchange are mentioned in the passage? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What can people get by eating a country’s traditional dishes? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Who can create and work together during the art and music activities? _________________________________________________________________ 5．If we continue to share and learn about each other’s culture, what can we get? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 9 If you spend some time in an English speaking country, you might hear the term “etiquette”. It means normal and social behavior. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand. Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. For example, standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some Asian countries. However, if you do this in Europe, some people might feel uncomfortable. Even in China, we all know that etiquette is not the same in all situations. Perhaps we think that talking loudly in our own homes is fine, but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed. For example, most people would agree that talking loudly in a library, a museum or a movie theater is impolite. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places. If we see someone breaking the rules of etiquette, we may politely give them some suggestions. One of the most polite ways is to ask someone, “Would you mind doing this?” or “Would you mind not doing that?” People don’t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this. Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed. If you see someone you know doing this, you can ask him, “Would you mind picking it up?” 根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。 1．What does the underlined word “etiquette” probably mean? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What’s the key sentence of Paragraph 2? _________________________________________________________________ 3．If your friend talks loudly in the library, what would you say to him/her? _________________________________________________________________ 4．In which countries can people stand close to the person they are talking with? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What’s the writer’s idea of Etiquette? _________________________________________________________________ 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 When I worked in the UK, I had a meal in an expensive restaurant. I saw a young couple come in with a small boy. They only ordered a piece of the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, Madam, anything else? One piece is not enough for three of you!” the waiter said. The dad was a little embarrassed. He said to the waiter, “Thanks. It’s enough. We just want to bring the guy to have beef steak, and we have finished supper.” I watched them for a while. Then I found that the parents not only took the boy to have beef steak, but also regarded it as a process of learning. The parents taught the kid how to use a knife and fork and told him some table manners. I’d like to become good friends with the family. Then I walked over to them and asked really politely, “May I treat each of you to a cup of coffee?” They accepted my coffee with a smile on their faces. I sat down at their table and we began to chat. “To be honest, we are very poor, so we can’t afford any expensive food at all. However, we have every confidence in our boy. Although he was born into a poor family, I believe he will achieve great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the good table manners now,” said the little boy’s father. “We hope our kid can be a person who respects himself and others.” After that, I believe that the family won’t be poor for a long time! 1．In which country is the restaurant located? _________________________________________________________________ 2．How did the father feel after being asked anything else? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What did the writer treat each member of the family to? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Does the writer think the family will be poor for a long time? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What would happen to you if you were the kid? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 If your birthday is coming, what kind of gifts would you expect? Or what will you buy for your friends’ birthdays? Mostly the giving of gifts and the culture are connected closely. Coming from the US, I have found gift-giving to be quite different in China compared to my home country. One example is the timing of when to open a gift. In the US, the person who gives the gift (let’s call them the “gifter”) will often want to see the person who gets the gift (let’s call them the “giftee”) immediately open the present. They want to see their reaction (反应) of excitement and joy. In China, however, it’s more polite to open the gifts after they come back home later. Another aspect (方面) I’ve found different is the openness and directness of giving money. Although people in the US might give money to their children, it is usually doing very secretly with the money put in a card and not discussed out loud. In China, the practice is much more open in a flashy red envelope. Finally, the monetary value (金钱观) of the gift can play a big role in China in ways that are different from the US. An expensive gift in the US is usually greeted with great excitement. But in China, it can make the giftee feel awkward (尴尬的) due to a sense of having to return the favor (恩惠) in the future to the gifter. So, the next time you give a gift to somebody, remember that culture and meaning are part of every action we take. 1．Is the writer from the US? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When do Chinese people usually open the gifts? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What are the differences in gift-giving between China and the US? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Is it a burden (负担) if you receive expensive gifts on your birthday? Why or why not?  (at least 2 reasons) _________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Different cultures follow their own special customs when a child’s teeth fall out. In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof (屋顶) of a house in order to get a new tooth. In other Asian countries, such as China and Japan, children follow a similar tradition of throwing lost teeth on the roofs of houses. Birds aren’t the only animals to take lost teeth. In Mongolia, dogs are responsible for taking teeth away. Dogs are highly respected in Mongolian culture and are considered as guardians (守护者) of the people. Tradition says that the new tooth will be in good and strong condition if the baby tooth is fed to a guardian. So parents in Mongolia always put their child’s lost tooth in the fat of a piece of meat and feed it to a dog. The idea of giving lost teeth to a guardian is also a tradition in the West. Many children in Western countries expect the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange for a tooth. The exact origin (起源) of the Tooth Fairy is a mystery, although the story probably began in England or Ireland centuries ago. According to the tradition, a child puts a lost tooth under his or her pillow (枕头) before going to bed. In the very early hours of the morning, while the child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth away and leaves something else under the pillow. In France, the Tooth Fairy leaves a small gift or candies. Children love these surprises very much. In the United States, however , the Tooth Fairy usually leaves money. That can add up to a lot of money from the Tooth Fairy! 1．Where do people throw lost teeth in order to get a new tooth in Korea? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What do parents in Mongolia always feed the meat with their child’s lost tooth to? _________________________________________________________________ 3．When did the story the Tooth Fairy probably begin in England or Ireland? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the Tooth Fairy leave in France? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Which way do you like best? Why? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 In the US and the UK, greeting someone often starts with “Hi, how are you?” Most people expect a quick answer like “I’m fine, thanks, and you?” or “I’m good, thanks!”. British and American cultures encourage people to be open and friendly. US people may also say, “What’s up?” or “What’s good?” to friends. For them, it doesn’t mean “What’s wrong?” It’s just a way of saying “Hello!” And people usually answer with “Not much.” Or “Nothing.” However, people from some other countries may feel it strange to greet others by asking “How are you? ”. They might think the question needs a serious answer or that it means the person wants to talk more. Greeting different people in different ways If you are greeting someone older, it’s polite to use their family name. For example, you might say “Hello, Mr. Green.”, or you might say “Hello, sir.”, if you don’t know the person’s name. If you meet friends, you could use “Hi, mate.” and “Alright, buddy.”. Sometimes, it is also common to use slang (俚语) like “Howdy” (How do you do? ) or compliments (赞美) like saying “Wow, I like your hair today.” Special Greetings In most countries like China, people shake hands when they meet. But people in some other countries have special ways of greeting. FranceWhat’s France famous for? The Eiffel Tower, the food and also people’s romantic way of greeting. They touch their cheeks and make a kissing sound. ThailandPeople in Thailand will press their palms (合掌) together and take a small bow. At the same time, they will also say “sawatdee kah” to you. That is how you say “hello” in Thai. All in all, we can see the differences between cultures from the ways of greeting which really make our life colorful and beautiful. 1．What does “What’s up?” mean when US people say it to friends? _________________________________________________________________ 2．Why do people from some countries feel strange to greet others with the question “How are you?”? _________________________________________________________________ 3．How can you greet your friends if you meet each other? (One example is OK. ) _________________________________________________________________ 4．What is the romantic way of greeting in France? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you agree that the differences between Western and Chinese cultures are clear in our daily lives? Why? _________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 I was driving to my office for a meeting with an important new client (客户). Bo Chen, a Chinese culture expert for the training, arrived early. His advice was very important for the day’s success. Confident and knowledgeable, Chen was perfect for the job. I asked him to prepare business examples, and he gladly agreed. My client arrived. Taking a deep breath, I began the introduction. As the morning went by, I explained each part of the main problems, answered the questions, and carefully kept an eye on Chen so I could make sure his advice was shared. But Chen didn’t seem to have any advice. After finishing the first part, I paused briefly and looked to him for his advice, but he didn’t speak up. He didn’t open his mouth, move his body forward, or raise his hand. Clearly, he had no example to provide. Not wanting to embarrass Chen or to create an uncomfortable situation by asking him to speak when he was not ready, I simply continued with my next point. To my growing disappointment (失望), Chen remained silent. He nodded politely while I was speaking, but that was all; he used no other body language to show any reactions, good or bad. I gave every example I could think of and continued for three full hours. I felt helpless. I needed his advice for the program to succeed. Finally, I decided to take a chance. “Bo,” I said with a smile, “please share some of your examples with us!” Then Chen sat up straight in his chair, smiled confidently at the client, and opened up his notebook, which was filled with pages of notes. “Thank you, Erin.” he replied. “All right.” And then, to my great comfort, Chen began to explain clear and amazing examples one after another. The truth is that the story of Silent Bo is a story of culture, not personality. But it is not as simple as you might think. 1．Did Bo Chen give any advice at the beginning of the meeting? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When did Bo Chen start to share his opinions? _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why did Erin feel helpless during the meeting? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Do people in different cultures think differently about silence? Give one example from your knowledge or experience. _________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 There’s an old saying: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. The old saying tells us clearly that wherever we are, we should do everything according to local customs. China has a rich food culture. There are interesting stories behind some cuisine (菜肴), as well as table manners. In China, the round table is used for formal dinners and gatherings. The seating arrangement (安排) has cultural meanings. Chart 1 Round table seating arrangement in China●Host’s seat: The host sits at the “head” of the table, facing the door. This shows respect (尊敬) to others. ●Order of seats: Guests are seated based on age, status (身份), or relationship to the host. The most important guest sits to the right of the host, and the second most important guest sits to their left. For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules. Chart 2 △ ●People shouldn’t make noise with chopsticks. Playing with chopsticks is considered bad manners, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country is. ●There are also some superstitions (迷信) related to chopsticks. For example, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl. It looks like the incense (香) that Chinese people use to honor the dead. Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck. ●You’re not supposed to beat the edge of the bowl with chopsticks, either, as beggars (乞丐) do this to ask for food. When you go to an American’s house for dinner, there are some table manners you should know. Chart 3 Table manners in America●Don’t talk too loudly while eating. ●Eat soup quietly with the side of the spoon. ●Don’t eat food with your fingers unless it is finger food like bread, pizza, etc. ●Keep the napkin on the lap. ●Don’t play with food or table utensils (用具). ●Don’t put your elbows on the table. 1． If you are the host, where are you supposed to sit when using a round table? _________________________________________________________________ 2．Please fill in the △ . _________________________________________________________________ 3．Which rule is the same in both Chart 2 and Chart 3? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Why shouldn’t chopsticks be left standing upright in a bowl? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think it’s important to follow the local customs? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Crossing Cultures阅读表达题型专练 人与社会—文化交流 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 A Story of Cultural Exchange Li Hua is a student from China. Last summer, he went to India for a cultural exchange program. He was excited but a little worried at first because he knew nothing about Indian culture. On the first day, he wanted to greet his Indian host. He tried to shake hands, but his host stopped him and did namaste. Li Hua was confused and learned this greeting quickly. Then, he learned to eat curry with his palm. At first, it was difficult, but he enjoyed it soon. During the program, Li Hua learned many Indian customs, like how to bow to teachers and how to talk politely with elders. He also told his Indian friends about Chinese culture, such as the Spring Festival and kung fu. Before leaving, Li Hua and his Indian friends hugged each other. He made many friends and learned a lot. He said, “Cross-cultural communication helps us understand each other better.” 1．Where did Li Hua go last summer? _________________________________________________________________ 2． What was Li Hua worried about at first? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What greeting did Li Hua learn in India? _________________________________________________________________ 4．How did Li Hua eat curry at first? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What did Li Hua learn from the program? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．To India for a cultural exchange program. 2．Knew nothing about Indian culture. 3．Namaste. 4．With his palm. 5．Indian customs and cross-cultural communication. 【导语】本文讲述了李华去年夏天去印度参加文化交流项目的经历，他起初对印度文化一无所知而担忧，在交流中学习印度习俗并分享中国文化，最后收获友谊与对跨文化交流的理解。 1．根据“Last summer, he went to India for a cultural exchange program.”可知，李华去年夏天去了印度参加文化交流项目。故填To India for a cultural exchange program. 2．根据“He was excited but a little worried at first because he knew nothing about Indian culture.”可知，李华起初担心的是他对印度文化一无所知。故填Knew nothing about Indian culture. 3．根据“He tried to shake hands, but his host stopped him and did namaste. Li Hua was confused and learned this greeting quickly.”可知，李华在印度学到的问候方式是namaste。故填Namaste. 4．根据“Then, he learned to eat curry with his palm. At first, it was difficult, but he enjoyed it soon.”可知，李华起初是用手掌吃咖喱的。故填With his palm. 5．根据“During the program, Li Hua learned many Indian customs...He said, ‘Cross-cultural communication helps us understand each other better.’”可知，李华从这个项目中学习到了印度习俗和跨文化交流的重要性。故填Indian customs and cross-cultural communication. Passage 2 How to Talk to Someone from a Different Background Communicating with people from different cultures can be tricky (棘手的), but these tips can help: (1) Be curious, not judgmental (爱妄下判断的): If someone does something you don’t understand (like bowing instead of shaking hands), ask politely. Say, “I noticed you bow when greeting—could you tell me about that?” instead of thinking, “That’s strange.” (2) Watch your body language: Eye contact means respect in some cultures, but rudeness in others. In many Asian cultures, it’s polite to look down slightly when talking to elders. (3) Avoid idioms (避免习语): Phrases like “it’s raining cats and dogs” confuse non-native speakers. Say “it’s raining heavily” instead. (4) Listen more than you talk: People love to share their culture. Ask open questions like, “What’s a traditional food in your country?” and really listen to the answer. Remember, everyone makes mistakes—just laugh them off and learn. The goal isn’t to be perfect, but to show respect. 1．What should you do if someone does something you don’t understand? _________________________________________________________________ 2．In many Asian cultures, how should you act when talking to elders? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What’s the meaning of “it’s raining cats and dogs”? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What kind of questions should you ask to learn about someone’s culture? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you agree that the goal of cross-cultural communication isn’t to be perfect, but to show respect? Why or why not? _________________________________________________________________ 1．We should ask politely. 2．We should look down slightly when talking to elders. 3．It means it’s raining heavily. 4．We should ask open questions. 5．Yes, I do. Because showing respect is the most important in cross-cultural communication, and everyone may make mistakes.（答案合理即可） 【解析】本文主要介绍了与不同文化背景的人交流的实用技巧，帮助人们更礼貌、有效地进行跨文化沟通。 1．原文第一条建议明确指出，当遇到不理解的行为时，应“ask politely”，而非妄下判断，这是直接提取的原文信息。 2．原文第二条技巧中提到“In many Asian cultures, it’s polite to look down slightly when talking to elders”，这是针对特定文化场景的直接描述，答案直接引用了该内容。 3．原文第三条技巧举例说明习语“it’s raining cats and dogs”会让非母语者困惑，并给出了同义表达“it’s raining heavily”，答案是对该习语含义的直接解释。 4．原文第四条技巧建议“Ask open questions like...”，明确指出要通过开放式问题来了解对方文化，答案是对原文建议的直接提取。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一。结合原文合理陈述自己的观点以及原因。 Passage 3 In many cultures, being a good guest is highly valued. However, what makes a good guest can be different from one country to another. In China, guests are often treated like royalty. When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. The host will do everything to make you feel comfortable. In return, guests are expected to show appreciation and not be too demanding. In Western countries, the guest-host relationship is often more relaxed. Guests are expected to be independent and follow the host’s routine. For example, if the host says “Make yourself at home”, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited. It shows that you value the host’s invitation. Also, it is polite to offer help with cleaning up after a meal, though the host may refuse. When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask. A simple question like “Is there anything I can do to help?” shows that you are considerate. 1．What can a guest expect when visiting a Chinese home?   _________________________________________________________________ 2．In Western countries, what does “Make yourself at home” usually mean?   _________________________________________________________________ 3．What is a common rule for guests everywhere?   _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should you do if you are not sure about the custom?   _________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think is the most important quality of a good guest? Why?   _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．They can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks. 2．It means guests can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking. 3．Bringing a small gift when invited. 4．You should ask politely. 5．I think being considerate is the most important quality because it shows you care about the host’s feelings and efforts. 【导语】本文介绍了中西方不同的做客礼仪，说明了成为一名好客人的标准因国家而异，并给出了世界各地通用的做客建议。 1．由文章第二段“When you visit a Chinese home, you can expect to be offered tea, fruit, and snacks.”可直接提取信息。 2．由文章第三段“if the host says ‘make yourself at home’, it means you can feel free to get a drink or use the bathroom without asking.”可直接提取信息。 3．由文章第四段“One common rule everywhere is to bring a small gift when you are invited.”可直接提取信息。 4．由文章第五段“When in doubt, it is always a good idea to ask.”可总结得出答案。 5．本题为开放性试题，围绕体贴、有礼貌、感恩等品质，结合文章内容合理作答即可。 Passage 4 People use body language almost every day. What is body language? How does it work? Want to speak with your body? Use body language! A “V” gesture shows happiness, victory or peace. Opening the mouth wide shows surprise. This is body language. When you speak with others, body language is important. Scientists say we do 65 percent of our communication with body language. For example, when you make faces, people think you are naughty (淘气的) or shy. Frowning (皱眉) shows you are angry. Sometimes your words say one thing, but your body language says another. For example, you touch your face while telling a lie. In different cultures, the same body language may have different meanings. Nodding your head in most countries means “Yes”. But in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means “No”. Different body language can also mean the same thing. Take “hello” for example. The French like to kiss cheeks (脸颊) to say “hello”. But the Japanese bow (鞠躬). Maoris in New Zealand touch noses with each other when they meet. 1．What does the “V” gesture mean according to the text? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What body language means anger according to the text? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What does “nodding your head” mean in some parts of Greece and Turkey? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What body language mentioned in the text is your favourite? Why? (write 30 words or more) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Happiness, victory or peace. 2．Frowning. 3．No. 4．Body language is important and it has different meanings in different cultures. 5．My favourite body language mentioned in the text is the “V” gesture, because this means happiness, victory or peace. Every time I take part in different kinds of competition, I will feel very nervous. However, when my parents show this body language to me to encourage me, I will be full of confidence. 【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言的含义、作用，以及它在不同文化中的差异，同时说明肢体语言在日常交流中占比很高。 1．第二段“A‘V’gesture shows happiness, victory or peace. ”，V手势代表“喜悦、胜利或和平”，直接提取三个要点。 2．第三段“Frowning (皱眉) shows you are angry.”，“皱眉”说明你生气了，直接提取动名词Frowning。 3．第四段“Nodding your head in most countries means‘Yes’. But in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means‘No’.”，“点头”在希腊和土耳其的一些地区表示“不”的意思。直接提取No。 4．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，基于文章事实，合理概括文章主旨。可以结合文章的第三段首句“肢体语言很重要”和第四段“在不同的文化中，肢体语言有着不同的含义。”回答。 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，你可以选择第二段的“V”手势进行描述并结合自身实际说明原因。 Passage 5 People in the world have different ways of thinking about time and how to use it. In the US, Americans often say, “Time is money.” This means they really care about time. They usually make plans for their day and stick to them. If someone is late for a meeting, it can make people think badly of them. But in Italy, people are more relaxed about time. Enjoying life, eating good food, and spending time with family and friends are often more important than following a timetable. So, in Italian meetings, it’s usual for people to be a little late, like a few minutes or even ten minutes, and they don’t care about it. In Japan and China, people’s ideas about time are between the US and Italy. In Japan, although (尽管) they’re not as exact as Americans about every second, being on time is still very important. Japanese often arrive early at meeting places to show respect (尊重). In China, more and more people are starting to plan their time well. These different ideas about time show how different countries are around the world. 1.Do people around the world have the same idea about time? _________________________________________________________________ 2.How do Americans usually plan their time? _________________________________________________________________ 3.What do Italians usually do when they are late for meetings? _________________________________________________________________ 4.Why do Japanese people often arrive early? _________________________________________________________________ 5.What is the passage mainly (主要) about? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．No, they don’t. 2．Make and follow daily plans. 3．They don’t care. 4．To show respect. 5．Different ideas about time around the world. 【导语】本文主要讨论了世界各地人们对待时间的不同观念。 1．根据“People in the world have different ways of thinking about time and how to use it. ”可知，不同国家的人们对时间的看法是不同的。故填No, they don’t. 2．根据“Americans often say, ‘Time is money.’...They usually make plans for their day and stick to them.”可知，美国人通常会制定计划并严格遵循。故填Make and follow daily plans. 3．根据“It’s usual for people to be a little late, like a few minutes or even ten minutes, and they don’t care about it.”可知，意大利人在开会迟到时往往不在意。故填They don’t care. 4．根据“Japanese often arrive early at meeting places to show respect.”可知，日本人通常是为了表示尊重而提前到达。故填To show respect. 5．根据“These different ideas about time show how different countries are around the world.”可知，文章主要讨论了世界各地人们对待时间的不同观念。故填Different ideas about time around the world. Passage 6 As a ninth grader, learning about different cultures has opened my eyes to how different our world truly is. Every country has its own unique customs and traditions that make it special. In India, people often greet each other by saying “Namaste” with their hands pressed together. This is very different from countries like Brazil, where friends usually hug or give cheek kisses when they meet. Even simple things like meal times can vary greatly. In Spain, it’s normal to eat dinner as late as 9 or 10 pm, while in Germany, people usually have their evening meal at 6 pm. Food customs are particularly interesting. In China, it’s polite to leave a little food on your plate to show your host served enough, but in Canada, you’re expected to finish everything. In many Middle Eastern countries, people eat with their right hand only, as the left hand is considered unclean. What surprised me most was learning about gestures. In Bulgaria, nodding your head means “no”, while shaking it means “yes”—the complete opposite of what I’m used to! These cultural differences used to confuse me, but now I find them fascinating. They remind me that there’s no single “right” way to do things. Understanding these differences helps me appreciate our world and become more respectful towards people from all cultures. 1．How do people in Brazil usually greet each other? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When do Germans usually have their evening meal? _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why do people in many Middle Eastern countries eat with their right hand only? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we want to show agreement in Bulgaria? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Give an example about a special custom in China. (答案须与文中所给例子不同) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．They usually hug or give cheek kisses. 2．At 6 pm. 3．Because the left hand is considered unclean. 4．Shake our heads. 5．It’s impolite to stick the chopsticks into the rice. 【导语】本文通过对比不同国家的文化习俗，说明了世界文化的多样性，并强调了理解和尊重文化差异的重要性。 1．根据“This is very different from countries like Brazil, where friends usually hug or give cheek kisses when they meet.”可知，在巴西，朋友见面时通常拥抱或亲吻脸颊。故填They usually hug or give cheek kisses. 2．根据“In Spain, it’s normal to eat dinner as late as 9 or 10 pm, while in Germany, people usually have their evening meal at 6 pm.”可知，在德国，人们通常在下午6点吃晚餐。故填At 6 pm. 3．根据“In many Middle Eastern countries, people eat with their right hand only, as the left hand is considered unclean.”可知，他们只用右手吃饭，是因为左手被认为不洁。故填Because the left hand is considered unclean. 4．根据“In Bulgaria, nodding your head means ‘no’, while shaking it means ‘yes’—the complete opposite of what I’m used to!”可知，在保加利亚，点头表示“不”，摇头表示“是”。因此表示同意（agreement）应摇头。故填Shake our heads. 5．本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。参考答案为It’s impolite to stick the chopsticks into the rice. Passage 7 How to Communicate Well in Cross-Cultural Situations When we communicate with people from different countries, it’s important to know how to do it well. Here are some useful suggestions to help you have better cross-cultural communication. Learning about the basic customs of the country before you meet people from there is a good start. For example, if you are going to meet someone from Japan, you should know that bowing is a common way to show respect. This can help you avoid making mistakes and leave a good impression. Being polite and patient when talking with others also matters. If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them. Instead, ask them to repeat or explain slowly. It’s also important to listen carefully and show your interest in their words. Avoiding using gestures that may be impolite in their culture is necessary too. Some gestures that are acceptable in your country may have a bad meaning in another country. For example, pointing at someone with your finger is not polite in many countries. Besides, be open-minded and respect their differences. Don’t judge their customs or habits with your own standards. Every culture is valuable, and we should learn to accept and respect them. If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to apologize. It can show your sincerity and help you build a good relationship with them. Following these suggestions can help you communicate better with people from different cultures and make more friends around the world. 1．What should we do before meeting people from other countries? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What should we do if we don’t understand what others say?   _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why should we avoid using some gestures in cross-cultural communication? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What should we do if we make a mistake in cross-cultural communication?   _________________________________________________________________ 5．What’s your own suggestion for cross-cultural communication? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．We should learn about the basic customs of the country. 2．We should not interrupt them and ask them to repeat or explain slowly. 3．Because some acceptable gestures in our country may have a bad meaning in another country. 4．We should not be afraid to apologize. 5．We should be patient and listen carefully when communicating with people from different cultures. 【导语】本文介绍一些跨文化交际的技巧。 1．定位文中“Learning about the basic customs of the country before you meet people from there is a good start.” 得出在与来自其他国家的人见面之前的做法。 2．定位文中“If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them. Instead, ask them to repeat or explain slowly. ”指出如果听不懂别人的话时的处理方法。 3．定位文中“Some gestures that are acceptable in your country may have a bad meaning in another country. They may be impolite in their culture”得知原因是手势含义在不同文化有差异。 4．定位文中“If you make a mistake, don’t be afraid to apologize ”得出犯错后的正确做法。 5．定位文中“If you don’t understand what they say, don’t interrupt them”得出与来自不同文化背景的人交流时，我们应该耐心倾听。（本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一）。 Passage 8 In today’s world, cultural exchange (文化交流) has become more important than ever. It helps to build bridges between different cultures. How does cultural exchange happen? ●  One of the simplest ways that cultural exchange happens is through food. Eating a country’s traditional dishes can give you a taste of its culture. For example, Sushi is a popular Japanese dish that has become loved around the world. It represents the culinary (烹饪的) culture of Japan and has introduced many people to the sense of using fresh, natural food materials. ●   Language is another key aspect of cultural exchange. Learning a new language opens doors to a country’s history, literature (文学), and philosophical (哲学的) ideas. ●  Art and music are further examples of how culture is shared and developed. International film festivals and music concerts allow artists to show their works to people around the world. This encourages the artists from different places to create and work together. ●  Cultural exchange also plays an important role in education. Studying abroad programs and international student exchanges provide students with direct experience of another culture. These experiences can open up a new world to students. In conclusion, the growth of cultural exchange allows us to appreciate the diversity (多样性) of our world. As we continue to share and learn about each other’s culture, we build a closer and more understanding global community. 1．Why has cultural exchange become more important than ever? _________________________________________________________________ 2．How many ways of cultural exchange are mentioned in the passage? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What can people get by eating a country’s traditional dishes? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Who can create and work together during the art and music activities? _________________________________________________________________ 5．If we continue to share and learn about each other’s culture, what can we get? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It helps to build bridges between different cultures. 2．Four/4. 3．It can give you a taste of its culture. 4．The artists (from different places). 5．A closer and more understanding global community. 【导语】本文主要介绍了文化交流的几种途径：饮食、语言、艺术和音乐以及教育。 1．根据“It helps to build bridges between different cultures.”可知，文化交流可以帮助架起不同文化间的桥梁。故填It helps to build bridges between different cultures. 2．根据“One of the simplest ways that cultural exchange happens is through food.”、“Language is another key aspect of cultural exchange.”、“Art and music are further examples of how culture is shared and developed.”以及“Cultural exchange also plays an important role in education.”这几句可知，本文中文化交流通过饮食、语言、艺术和音乐及教育这四种方式进行传播。故填Four/4. 3．根据“Eating a country’s traditional dishes can give you a taste of its culture.”可知，品尝某个国家的传统食物可以领略该国的文化。故填It can give you a taste of its culture. 4．根据“This encourages the artists from different places to create and work together.”可知，在艺术和音乐类的活动中，来自不同地域的艺术家们会受到鼓励一起进行创造和工作。故填The artists (from different places). 5．根据“As we continue to share and learn about each other’s culture, we build a closer and more understanding global community.”可知，当我们继续进行分享和学习彼此的文化，我们会建立一个联系更加紧密及更懂得理解的地球村了。故填A closer and more understanding global community. Passage 9 If you spend some time in an English speaking country, you might hear the term “etiquette”. It means normal and social behavior. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand. Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. For example, standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some Asian countries. However, if you do this in Europe, some people might feel uncomfortable. Even in China, we all know that etiquette is not the same in all situations. Perhaps we think that talking loudly in our own homes is fine, but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed. For example, most people would agree that talking loudly in a library, a museum or a movie theater is impolite. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places. If we see someone breaking the rules of etiquette, we may politely give them some suggestions. One of the most polite ways is to ask someone, “Would you mind doing this?” or “Would you mind not doing that?” People don’t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this. Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed. If you see someone you know doing this, you can ask him, “Would you mind picking it up?” 根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。 1．What does the underlined word “etiquette” probably mean? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What’s the key sentence of Paragraph 2? _________________________________________________________________ 3．If your friend talks loudly in the library, what would you say to him/her? _________________________________________________________________ 4．In which countries can people stand close to the person they are talking with? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What’s the writer’s idea of Etiquette? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It means normal and social behavior. 2．Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. 3．Would you mind not talking loudly here?/Would you mind speaking in a low voice?/Would you mind keeping your voice down? 4．In some Asian countries. 5．Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了英语国家的“礼仪”的定义，以及不同地区或国家之间“礼仪”规则的不同和相同之处。 1．根据“It means normal and social behavior.”可知，“etiquette”的意思是正常的社会行为。故填It means normal and social behavior. 2．根据“Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation.”及整段可知，本段主要讲的是礼仪在每种文化或每种情况下都是不一样的。故填Etiquette is not the same in every culture or in every situation. 3．根据“If we see someone breaking the rules of etiquette, we may politely give them some suggestions.  One of the most polite ways is to ask someone, ‘Would you mind doing this?’ or ‘Would you mind not doing that?’ ” 可知，如果我们看到有人违反了礼仪规则，我们可以礼貌地给他们一些建议；在图书馆则建议朋友声音小一点。故填Would you mind not talking loudly here?/Would you mind speaking in a low voice?/Would you mind keeping your voice down? 4．根据“For example, standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some Asian countries.”可知，在一些亚洲国家，与你交谈的人站得很近是很常见的。故填In some Asian countries. 5．根据“Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! ”及全文可知，本文主要讲的是各国之间礼仪的不同之处，作者认为虽然礼仪规则可能经常不同，但有些规则几乎在世界各地都是一样的。故填Although rules of etiquette can often be different, some rules are the same almost everywhere in the world! 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 When I worked in the UK, I had a meal in an expensive restaurant. I saw a young couple come in with a small boy. They only ordered a piece of the cheapest beef steak. “Sir, Madam, anything else? One piece is not enough for three of you!” the waiter said. The dad was a little embarrassed. He said to the waiter, “Thanks. It’s enough. We just want to bring the guy to have beef steak, and we have finished supper.” I watched them for a while. Then I found that the parents not only took the boy to have beef steak, but also regarded it as a process of learning. The parents taught the kid how to use a knife and fork and told him some table manners. I’d like to become good friends with the family. Then I walked over to them and asked really politely, “May I treat each of you to a cup of coffee?” They accepted my coffee with a smile on their faces. I sat down at their table and we began to chat. “To be honest, we are very poor, so we can’t afford any expensive food at all. However, we have every confidence in our boy. Although he was born into a poor family, I believe he will achieve great success in the future. That’s why we teach him the good table manners now,” said the little boy’s father. “We hope our kid can be a person who respects himself and others.” After that, I believe that the family won’t be poor for a long time! 1．In which country is the restaurant located? _________________________________________________________________ 2．How did the father feel after being asked anything else? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What did the writer treat each member of the family to? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Does the writer think the family will be poor for a long time? _________________________________________________________________ 5．What would happen to you if you were the kid? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．The UK. 2．A little embarrassed. 3．A cup of coffee. 4．No. 5．I would make great progress and succeed, and let my parents enjoy their golden years. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在英国一家餐厅里，一个贫穷但充满爱的家庭的故事。父母虽然贫穷，却用心教孩子礼仪，这深深打动了作者。 1．根据“When I worked in the UK, I had a meal in an expensive restaurant.”可知，这家餐馆在英国。故填The UK. 2．根据“The dad was a little embarrassed.”可知，父亲的感受是有点尴尬。故填A little embarrassed. 3．根据“May I treat each of you to a cup of coffee?”可知，作者请这家人每人喝一杯咖啡。故填A cup of coffee. 4．根据“After that, I believe that the family won’t be poor for a long time!”可知，作者不认为这家人会长期贫穷，因此是否定回答。故填No. 5．此题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。示例：I would make great progress and succeed, and let my parents enjoy their golden years. Passage 2 If your birthday is coming, what kind of gifts would you expect? Or what will you buy for your friends’ birthdays? Mostly the giving of gifts and the culture are connected closely. Coming from the US, I have found gift-giving to be quite different in China compared to my home country. One example is the timing of when to open a gift. In the US, the person who gives the gift (let’s call them the “gifter”) will often want to see the person who gets the gift (let’s call them the “giftee”) immediately open the present. They want to see their reaction (反应) of excitement and joy. In China, however, it’s more polite to open the gifts after they come back home later. Another aspect (方面) I’ve found different is the openness and directness of giving money. Although people in the US might give money to their children, it is usually doing very secretly with the money put in a card and not discussed out loud. In China, the practice is much more open in a flashy red envelope. Finally, the monetary value (金钱观) of the gift can play a big role in China in ways that are different from the US. An expensive gift in the US is usually greeted with great excitement. But in China, it can make the giftee feel awkward (尴尬的) due to a sense of having to return the favor (恩惠) in the future to the gifter. So, the next time you give a gift to somebody, remember that culture and meaning are part of every action we take. 1．Is the writer from the US? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When do Chinese people usually open the gifts? _________________________________________________________________ 3．What are the differences in gift-giving between China and the US? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Is it a burden (负担) if you receive expensive gifts on your birthday? Why or why not?  (at least 2 reasons) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Yes. 2．After they come back home later. 3．The timing of opening a gift and the openness and directness of giving money. 4．Yes, it is. Because I should also buy expensive gifts to the gifter. I can’t afford it. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国和中国送礼的不同之处和背后的文化差异。 1．根据第一段“Coming from the US, I have found gift-giving to be quite different in China compared to my home country.”可知，作者来自美国。故填Yes. 2．根据第一段“In China, however, it’s more polite to open the gifts after they come back home later.”可知，中国人通常回家后打开礼物。故填After they come back home later. 3．根据第一段“One example is the timing of when to open a gift.”和第二段“Another aspect I’ve found different is the openness and directness of giving money.”可知，中国和美国在送礼方面是不同的，其一是打开礼物的时间；其二是给钱的开放性和直接性。故填The timing of opening a gift and the openness and directness of giving money. 4．根据第二段“But in China, it can make the giftee feel awkward due to a sense of having to return the favor in the future to the gifter.”可知，在生日那天收到昂贵的礼物，会成为负担，因为必须购买贵重的礼物给送礼的人，承担不起。故填Yes, it is. Because I should also buy expensive gifts to the gifter. I can’t afford it.  (开放性问题，合理即可) Passage 3 Different cultures follow their own special customs when a child’s teeth fall out. In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof (屋顶) of a house in order to get a new tooth. In other Asian countries, such as China and Japan, children follow a similar tradition of throwing lost teeth on the roofs of houses. Birds aren’t the only animals to take lost teeth. In Mongolia, dogs are responsible for taking teeth away. Dogs are highly respected in Mongolian culture and are considered as guardians (守护者) of the people. Tradition says that the new tooth will be in good and strong condition if the baby tooth is fed to a guardian. So parents in Mongolia always put their child’s lost tooth in the fat of a piece of meat and feed it to a dog. The idea of giving lost teeth to a guardian is also a tradition in the West. Many children in Western countries expect the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange for a tooth. The exact origin (起源) of the Tooth Fairy is a mystery, although the story probably began in England or Ireland centuries ago. According to the tradition, a child puts a lost tooth under his or her pillow (枕头) before going to bed. In the very early hours of the morning, while the child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth away and leaves something else under the pillow. In France, the Tooth Fairy leaves a small gift or candies. Children love these surprises very much. In the United States, however , the Tooth Fairy usually leaves money. That can add up to a lot of money from the Tooth Fairy! 1．Where do people throw lost teeth in order to get a new tooth in Korea? _________________________________________________________________ 2．What do parents in Mongolia always feed the meat with their child’s lost tooth to? _________________________________________________________________ 3．When did the story the Tooth Fairy probably begin in England or Ireland? _________________________________________________________________ 4．What does the Tooth Fairy leave in France? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Which way do you like best? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．On the roof of a house. 2．A dog. 3．Centuries ago. 4．A small gift or candies. 5．I like Tooth Fairy best. Because I can get gifts or money. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了韩国、中国、日本、蒙古、法国、美国等不同国家关于孩子掉落牙齿的不同传统习俗。 1．根据“In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof of a house in order to get a new tooth.”可知，在韩国人们把掉落的牙齿扔到屋顶上。故填On the roof of a house. 2．根据“So parents in Mongolia always put their child’s lost tooth in the fat of a piece of meat and feed it to a dog.”可知，蒙古的父母把包着牙齿的肉喂给狗。故填A dog. 3．根据“The exact origin of the Tooth Fairy is a mystery, although the story probably began in England or Ireland centuries ago.”可知，这个故事可能几个世纪前始于英国或爱尔兰。故填Centuries ago. 4．根据“In France, the Tooth Fairy leaves a small gift or candies.”可知，在法国牙仙子会留下小礼物或糖果。故填A small gift or candies. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。故填I like the Tooth Fairy best. Because I can get gifts or money. Passage 4 In the US and the UK, greeting someone often starts with “Hi, how are you?” Most people expect a quick answer like “I’m fine, thanks, and you?” or “I’m good, thanks!”. British and American cultures encourage people to be open and friendly. US people may also say, “What’s up?” or “What’s good?” to friends. For them, it doesn’t mean “What’s wrong?” It’s just a way of saying “Hello!” And people usually answer with “Not much.” Or “Nothing.” However, people from some other countries may feel it strange to greet others by asking “How are you? ”. They might think the question needs a serious answer or that it means the person wants to talk more. Greeting different people in different ways If you are greeting someone older, it’s polite to use their family name. For example, you might say “Hello, Mr. Green.”, or you might say “Hello, sir.”, if you don’t know the person’s name. If you meet friends, you could use “Hi, mate.” and “Alright, buddy.”. Sometimes, it is also common to use slang (俚语) like “Howdy” (How do you do? ) or compliments (赞美) like saying “Wow, I like your hair today.” Special Greetings In most countries like China, people shake hands when they meet. But people in some other countries have special ways of greeting. FranceWhat’s France famous for? The Eiffel Tower, the food and also people’s romantic way of greeting. They touch their cheeks and make a kissing sound. ThailandPeople in Thailand will press their palms (合掌) together and take a small bow. At the same time, they will also say “sawatdee kah” to you. That is how you say “hello” in Thai. All in all, we can see the differences between cultures from the ways of greeting which really make our life colorful and beautiful. 1．What does “What’s up?” mean when US people say it to friends? _________________________________________________________________ 2．Why do people from some countries feel strange to greet others with the question “How are you?”? _________________________________________________________________ 3．How can you greet your friends if you meet each other? (One example is OK. ) _________________________________________________________________ 4．What is the romantic way of greeting in France? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you agree that the differences between Western and Chinese cultures are clear in our daily lives? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It means “Hello!” 2．They think the question needs a serious answer or the person wants to talk more. 3．Say “Hi, mate”. 4．They touch cheeks and make a kissing sound. 5．Yes. Because greetings in Western cultures are often casual, while in China, people may shake hands or use formal titles like “Mr./Ms.” 【导语】本文主要介绍了英美等国家常见的问候方式及其文化背景，并对比了不同国家（如法国、泰国）的特殊问候习俗。 1．根据“US people may also say, ‘What’s up?’ or ‘What’s good?’ to friends. For them, it doesn’t mean ‘What’s wrong?’ It’s just a way of saying ‘Hello!’”可知，当美国人对朋友说“What’s up?”时，意思是“你好！”。故填It means “Hello!” 2．根据“However, people from some other countries may feel it strange to greet others by asking ‘How are you?’. They might think the question needs a serious answer or that it means the person wants to talk more.”可知，来自其它一些国家的人可能会觉得通过问“你好吗”来问候别人很奇怪，因为他们可能会认为这个问题需要一个严肃的答案，或者这意味着这个人想多说话。故填They think the question needs a serious answer or the person wants to talk more. 3．根据“If you meet friends, you could use ‘Hi, mate.’ and ‘Alright, buddy.’.”可知，如果你遇到朋友，你可以用“嗨，伙计”问候对方。故填Say “Hi, mate”. 4．根据“They touch their cheeks and make a kissing sound.”可知，法国人浪漫的问候方式是贴面并发出亲吻声。故填They touch cheeks and make a kissing sound. 5．开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。故参考答案为Yes. Because greetings in Western cultures are often casual, while in China, people may shake hands or use formal titles like “Mr./Ms.” Passage 5 I was driving to my office for a meeting with an important new client (客户). Bo Chen, a Chinese culture expert for the training, arrived early. His advice was very important for the day’s success. Confident and knowledgeable, Chen was perfect for the job. I asked him to prepare business examples, and he gladly agreed. My client arrived. Taking a deep breath, I began the introduction. As the morning went by, I explained each part of the main problems, answered the questions, and carefully kept an eye on Chen so I could make sure his advice was shared. But Chen didn’t seem to have any advice. After finishing the first part, I paused briefly and looked to him for his advice, but he didn’t speak up. He didn’t open his mouth, move his body forward, or raise his hand. Clearly, he had no example to provide. Not wanting to embarrass Chen or to create an uncomfortable situation by asking him to speak when he was not ready, I simply continued with my next point. To my growing disappointment (失望), Chen remained silent. He nodded politely while I was speaking, but that was all; he used no other body language to show any reactions, good or bad. I gave every example I could think of and continued for three full hours. I felt helpless. I needed his advice for the program to succeed. Finally, I decided to take a chance. “Bo,” I said with a smile, “please share some of your examples with us!” Then Chen sat up straight in his chair, smiled confidently at the client, and opened up his notebook, which was filled with pages of notes. “Thank you, Erin.” he replied. “All right.” And then, to my great comfort, Chen began to explain clear and amazing examples one after another. The truth is that the story of Silent Bo is a story of culture, not personality. But it is not as simple as you might think. 1．Did Bo Chen give any advice at the beginning of the meeting? _________________________________________________________________ 2．When did Bo Chen start to share his opinions? _________________________________________________________________ 3．Why did Erin feel helpless during the meeting? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Do people in different cultures think differently about silence? Give one example from your knowledge or experience. _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．No, he didn’t. 2．After Erin invited him to do so. 3．Because Erin needed Bo Chen’s advice for the program to succeed, but Bo Chen kept quiet. 4．Yes. In China, silence is often a sign of respect, like when kids listen quietly to adults. But in other countries, people may think remaining/keeping silent shows one’s disagreement or shyness 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了会议主持人Erin在与重要客户会面时，因中国文化专家Bo Chen在会议前半程始终保持沉默而感到困惑与无助，最终在主动邀请后才获得其精彩建议的故事，揭示了沉默在不同文化背景下可能具有不同含义的主题。 1．根据文中“But Chen didn’t seem to have any advice.”以及“he had no example to provide”可知，会议开始时Bo Chen并未给出任何建议，因此答案为No。 2．根据文中“Finally, I decided to take a chance. ‘Bo,’ I said with a smile, ‘please share some of your examples with us!’ Then Chen sat up straight...and began to explain clear and amazing examples”可知，Bo Chen是在Erin主动邀请之后才开始分享意见的。 3．根据文中“I felt helpless. I needed his advice for the program to succeed.”以及此前Chen始终沉默的描述可知，Erin感到无助的原因是他需要Chen的建议来确保会议成功，而Chen却一直不说话。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。示例答案指出不同文化对沉默的理解不同：在中国，沉默常被视为尊重的表现；而在其他一些文化中，沉默可能被理解为不同意或害羞。言之成理即可。 Passage 6 There’s an old saying: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. The old saying tells us clearly that wherever we are, we should do everything according to local customs. China has a rich food culture. There are interesting stories behind some cuisine (菜肴), as well as table manners. In China, the round table is used for formal dinners and gatherings. The seating arrangement (安排) has cultural meanings. Chart 1 Round table seating arrangement in China●Host’s seat: The host sits at the “head” of the table, facing the door. This shows respect (尊敬) to others. ●Order of seats: Guests are seated based on age, status (身份), or relationship to the host. The most important guest sits to the right of the host, and the second most important guest sits to their left. For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules. Chart 2 △ ●People shouldn’t make noise with chopsticks. Playing with chopsticks is considered bad manners, just as playing with forks and knives in a Western country is. ●There are also some superstitions (迷信) related to chopsticks. For example, some people believe that chopsticks should not be left standing upright in a bowl. It looks like the incense (香) that Chinese people use to honor the dead. Doing it at the dinner table is believed to bring bad luck. ●You’re not supposed to beat the edge of the bowl with chopsticks, either, as beggars (乞丐) do this to ask for food. When you go to an American’s house for dinner, there are some table manners you should know. Chart 3 Table manners in America●Don’t talk too loudly while eating. ●Eat soup quietly with the side of the spoon. ●Don’t eat food with your fingers unless it is finger food like bread, pizza, etc. ●Keep the napkin on the lap. ●Don’t play with food or table utensils (用具). ●Don’t put your elbows on the table. 1． If you are the host, where are you supposed to sit when using a round table? _________________________________________________________________ 2．Please fill in the △ . _________________________________________________________________ 3．Which rule is the same in both Chart 2 and Chart 3? _________________________________________________________________ 4．Why shouldn’t chopsticks be left standing upright in a bowl? _________________________________________________________________ 5．Do you think it’s important to follow the local customs? Why? _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table, facing the door./ I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table and face the door. 2．The rules of using chopsticks in China 3．Don’t play with food or table utensils. 4．Because it is believed to bring bad luck. 5．Yes (, I think so).（以下回答只要合乎情理、符合题义，便可酌情给分） Because following local customs shows respect for the host culture and helps avoid misunderstandings. It can also make our travel experiences richer and help us understand other cultures better.（3分，完全用自己的话表达） Because using chopsticks correctly gives foreigners better feeling at dinner table in China. And following American table manners makes our trip to America more pleasant.（2分，结合语篇用自己的话表达） Because we can learn about some customs, for example: don’t play with food or utensils (1分，完全用语篇中的话表达)... 【导语】本文主要讲了中国和美国不同的餐桌礼仪，说明无论到哪里都应入乡随俗。 1．根据“Host’s seat: The host sits at the ‘head’ of the table, facing the door.”可知，主人应该坐在桌子的“首位”，面向门口。故填I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table, facing the door./ I’m supposed to sit at the “head” of the table and face the door. 2．根据“For Chinese people, chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food. They come with their own special rules.”可知，这里是在介绍筷子的使用规则。故填The rules of using chopsticks in China 3．根据“Playing with chopsticks is considered as bad manners...”和“Don’t play with food or table utensils.”可知，两张图表中相同的规则是不要玩弄餐具。故填Don’t play with food or table utensils. 4．根据“It looks like the incense that Chinese people use to honor the dead. Doing it at dinner table is believed to bring bad luck.”可知，筷子直立插在碗里看起来像给逝者上香，被认为会带来霉运。故填Because it is believed to bring bad luck. 5．开放性试题，答案合理即可。故填Yes (, I think so)./Because following local customs shows respect for the host culture and helps avoid misunderstandings. It can also make our travel experiences richer and help us understand other cultures better./Because using chopsticks correctly gives foreigners better feeling at dinner table in China. And following American table manners makes our trip to America more pleasant./Because we can learn about some customs, for example: don’t play with food or utensils/... 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $