Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自然”主题，通过梯度化阅读语篇训练阅读表达能力，融合事实提取与开放表达，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础|9篇（如亚马逊河、中国瀑布等）|以事实细节题为主，含简单推理（指代题）|从具体自然景观（河流、瀑布、湖泊）的描述，到生态保护初步探讨，形成“现象-特征-影响”认知链| |培优提高|6篇（如乞力马扎罗山、死海等）|增加开放观点题，强化信息整合|拓展至全球自然奇观与环境议题（气候变暖），深化跨文化认知，构建“局部-全球”思维逻辑|

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature阅读表达题型专练 (人与自然) 热点题型概览 ① 题型解读 题量与分值：共5小题，每题2分，满分10分 题型分布： 3–4题为细节理解题（含关键词定位、推理判断） 1–2题为开放性问答（如“你认为自然奇观为何重要？”） ②命题预测（紧扣单元主题） 核心话题：The Wonders of Nature（自然奇观） 可能围绕以下内容命题： 自然奇观描述（如大峡谷、大堡礁、黄山、九寨沟等） 形成原因与时间跨度（如“formed over millions of years”） 生态价值与威胁（如climate change, pollution, endangered species） 人类感受与保护意识（如“feel small but connected”, “we must protect them”） 开放性问题（如“Which wonder do you want to visit? Why?”） 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 The Amazon River is in South America. It is 6,440 kilometers long and is the second longest river in the world. The Amazon River begins in the high mountains of Peru (秘鲁). It then crosses over into Brazil (巴西). Most of the Amazon is in Brazil. Finally, it ends in the Atlantic Ocean. It has more water than any other river in the world. Along the river are some of the wettest places in the world. They are called the Amazon Rainforest. It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers five and a half million square kilometers of the Amazon Basin and spreads across eight countries. In the rainforest, there are many animals that are very different from the ones in China. Many special plants in it can be made into medicine to help people. However, many living things lose their homes because people cut down many trees. As a result, there are fewer animals, birds and insects in the forests. 1．How long is the Amazon River? (不超过5个词) __________________________________________________________ 2．How do many special plants in the Amazon Rainforest help people? (不超过10个词) __________________________________________________________ 3．What can we do to protect the Amazon Rainforest? Please give an example. (不超过15个词) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It’s 6,440 kilometers long. 2．They can be made into medicine to help people. 3．We can make a poster about protecting the Amazon Rainforest./We can plant more trees in the Amazon Rainforest. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了亚马逊河的长度、地理位置以及亚马逊雨林的生态价值和面临的威胁。 1．根据“It is 6,440 kilometers long and is the second longest river in the world.”可知，它长6,440公里。故填It’s 6,440 kilometers long. 2．根据“Many special plants in it can be made into medicine to help people.”可知，亚马逊雨林里的许多特殊植物可以制成药物来帮助人们。故填They can be made into medicine to help people. 3．本题是开放性试题，答案言之有理即可，参考答案为We can make a poster about protecting the Amazon Rainforest./We can plant more trees in the Amazon Rainforest. Passage 2 There are many waterfalls in China. Some are big, some are small, they are all beautiful. Today I’ll introduce four of them to you. Huangguoshu Waterfall, which sits in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia. With a height of 77.8 meters and a width of 101 meters, it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Every year, millions of people come to visit this natural wonder. Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China. It is one of the widest waterfalls and many people think it is the No.1 waterfall in the world. Hukou Waterfall, located on the Yellow River at the border of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in northern China, is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the country. Known for its dramatic yellow-hued waters and thunderous roar, it is the second-largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall). People can hear the sound from far away. Lushan Waterfall in Jiangxi is very beautiful. It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem (诗) by Li Bai: It plunges straight down three thousand feet. As if the Silver River were falling from the Ninth Heaven. 1．How high is Huangguoshu Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 2．Where is Sanxia Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．Is Hukou Waterfall the largest waterfall in China? __________________________________________________________ 4．Which waterfall do you like best? Why? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．77.8 meters 2．In Yichang, Hubei. 3．No, it isn’t. 4．I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的四个瀑布，包括黄果树瀑布、三峡瀑布、壶口瀑布和庐山瀑布的基本情况。 1．根据黄果树瀑布的描述“With a height of 77.8 meters and a width of 101 meters”可知，黄果树瀑布高77.8米，故填77.8 meters. 2．根据“Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China.”可知，三峡瀑布在湖北宜昌，故填In Yichang, Hubei. 3．根据“Hukou Waterfall…is the second-largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall).”可知，壶口瀑布不是中国最大的瀑布，故填No, it isn’t. 4．开放性问题，答案不唯一。参考答案I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and looks like a ‘white curtain’ pouring from the sky. Passage 3 Do you know Hukou Waterfall? Hukou Waterfall is always compared to a shining pearl (明珠) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is located at the junction between Shaanxi and Shanxi. When the Yellow River runs through mountains to Hukou, the river narrows from hundreds of metres to 30-50 metres. The water suddenly falls down into a deep pool. It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so the waterfall is named Hukou Waterfall. Visitors cannot approach (靠近) the main waterfall because of safety reasons. Looking from far away, you still enjoy the amazing yellow ocean of fog-covered water. The beauty of the waterfall cannot be described in words. You cannot know unless you visit it in person. There are many wonders at Hukou Waterfall, such as smoke from the river, boats on land, rainbows in the sunshine and so on. The falling water creates huge spray and mist (飞溅的水花和雾气), and the colours change. People call this breathtaking view “smoke from the river”. The views of Hukou Waterfall change with the seasons. So you can enjoy its special beauty every season. 1．What is Hukou Waterfall always compared to? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why do people call this waterfall Hukou Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the wonder of Hukou Waterfall? (写出一个答案即可) __________________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to visit Hukou Waterfall? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．A shining pearl in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. 2．Because it seems that the water pours down from a big teapot. 3．The (Hukou) waterfall. 4．Smoke from the river./Boats on land./Rainbows in the sunshine. 5．Yes, I do. Because I want to enjoy its special beauty and amazing views like “smoke from the river” in person. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了壶口瀑布的地理位置、得名原因、壮丽景色（如“水里冒烟”等奇观）以及随季节变化的独特之美。 1．根据第一段“Hukou Waterfall is always compared to a shining pearl in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.”可知，壶口瀑布常被比作黄河中游的一颗璀璨明珠。故填A shining pearl in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. 2．根据第二段最后一句“It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so the waterfall is named Hukou Waterfall.”可知，人们称它为壶口瀑布是因为水流看起来像是从一个大茶壶里倾泻而下。故填Because it seems that the water pours down from a big teapot. 3．根据第三段“The beauty of the waterfall cannot be described in words. You cannot know unless you visit it in person.”可知，划线词“it”指代的是前一句提到的“the waterfall”（壶口瀑布）。故填The (Hukou) waterfall. 4．根据第四段“There are many wonders at Hukou Waterfall, such as smoke from the river, boats on land, rainbows in the sunshine and so on.”可知，壶口瀑布的奇观包括“水里冒烟”、“旱地行船”、“晴空洒雨”等。任选其一即可。故填Smoke from the river./Boats on land./Rainbows in the sunshine. 5．本题为开放性问答，要求回答是否想参观壶口瀑布及原因。示例给出了肯定的回答及理由（想亲自欣赏其独特的美景和“水里冒烟”等奇观）。故填Yes, I do. Because I want to enjoy its special beauty and amazing views like “smoke from the river” in person. Passage 4 There are many waterfalls in China. Some are big. Some are small. They are all beautiful. Today I’ll introduce four of them to you. Huangguoshu Waterfall, which sits in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia. With a height of 77. 8 metres and a width of 101 metres, it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Every year, millions of people come to visit this natural wonder. Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China. It is one of the widest waterfalls and many people think it is the No. 1 waterfall in the world. Hukou Waterfall, located on the Yellow River at the border of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in northern China, is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the country. Known for its dramatic yellow-hued waters and thunderous roar, it is the second-largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall). People can hear the sound from far away. Lushan Waterfall in Jiangxi is very beautiful. It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem by Li Bai—It plunges straight down three thousand feet. As if the Silver River were falling from the Ninth Heaven. 1．How high is Huangguoshu Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 2．Where is Sanxia Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．Why is Lushan Waterfall well-known in China and the world? __________________________________________________________ 4．Which waterfall do you like best? Why? Write 30 words or more. __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．77. 8 metres. 2．In Yichang, Hubei. 3．Because of the poem by Li Bai. 4．I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia, and it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. （开放性试题，言之有理即可） 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的四个著名瀑布。 1．根据“With a height of 77. 8 metres and a width of 101 metres, it looks like a ‘white curtain’ pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds.”可知，黄果树瀑布有77.8米高和101米宽。故填77. 8 metres. 2．根据“Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China.”可知，三峡瀑布在湖北宜昌，是中国一个神奇的自然景观。故填In Yichang, Hubei. 3．根据“It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem by Li Bai.”可知，庐山瀑布因为李白的诗歌而出名。故填Because of the poem by Li Bai. 4．开放性试题，言之有理即可。故填I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia, and it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Passage 5 Have you ever been to Dongting Lake? It’s famous as “800-li Dongting Lake”. Dongting Lake is in the north of Hunan Province. It is about 2,625 square kilometres in size. It is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Every year, thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Yueyang in order to enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake. With the development of our society, protecting Dongting Lake has become a hot topic (话题). In fact, people of Yueyang are trying to improve the environment of the lake. On the one hand, they set up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 1982. It provides a good place for birds and rare (珍稀的) animals. If you go there, you can see birds flying and milu deer (麋鹿) eating grass in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. On the other hand, factories mustn’t put wastewater into the lake. Fishes are living in the clean water. At the same time, they plant colourful flowers and green trees along Dongting Lake. It is nice for people to go there when flowers come out and leaves turn green. Dongting Lake is the mother lake in Hunan Province. Each of us should try our best to protect it. 1．Where is Dongting Lake? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why do many tourists come to Yueyang every year? __________________________________________________________ 3．What can you see if you go to East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve? __________________________________________________________ 4．What do people in Yueyang do to improve the environment of Dong ting Lake? (At least two points) __________________________________________________________ 5．What does the writer want to tell us? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It’s in the north of Hunan Province. 2．To enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake. 3．We can see birds flying and milu deer eating grass (in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve). 4．①Setting up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. ② Do not allow factories to put wastewater into the lake. ③ Planting colourful flowers and green trees along the lake. (答出任意两条即可) 5．To ask people/us to protect the environment of Dongting Lake. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了洞庭湖及其保护措施。 1．根据“Dongting Lake is in the north of Hunan Province.”可知，洞庭湖在湖南省北部。故填It is in the north of Hunan Province. 2．根据“Every year, thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Yueyang in order to enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake.”可知，每年，来自世界各地的成千上万的游客来到岳阳是为了一睹洞庭湖周边的美景。故填To enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake. 3．根据“If you go there, you can see birds flying and milu deer (麋鹿) eating grass in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve.”可知，你可以在东洞庭湖自然保护区看到鸟儿飞翔和麋鹿吃草。故填You can see birds flying and milu deer eating grass (in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve). 4．根据“On the one hand, they set up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 1982. It provides a good place for birds and rare (珍稀的) animals.…On the other hand, factories mustn’t put wastewater into the lake.…At the same time, they plant colourful flowers and green trees along Dongting Lake.”可知，为了改善洞庭湖的环境，岳阳人民建立 了东洞庭湖自然保护区，禁止工厂向湖中排放废水，还沿着洞庭湖种植了鲜花和树木。故填①Setting up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. ②Do not allow factories to put wastewater into the lake. ③Planting colourful flowers and green trees along the lake. (答出任意两条即可) 5．根据“Dongting Lake is the mother lake in Hunan Province. Each of us should try our best to protect it.”可知，作者想要告诉我们：洞庭湖是湖南的母亲湖，大家得保护其环境。故填To ask people/us to protect the environment of Dongting Lake. Passage 6 Dianchi Lake is a beautiful and famous lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province. It is also known as Kunming Lake. It is the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan. The lake covers an area of about 330 square kilometers. It looks like a shining pearl (珍珠) with mountains around it. Dianchi Lake is also very important for the people of Kunming. For one thing, it has historical meaning to them. Dianchi has a long history of about 3.4 million years. The area around Dianchi Lake was once the location of the capital of an ancient kingdom (王国) in China. For another, it gives joy to their present life. Every winter, thousands of birds come to the lake. This makes it a great place for birdwatching. There are many interesting places around Dianchi Lake. For example, there is the West Hill Forest Park. You can enjoy beautiful views of the lake and explore ancient temples there. There is also Haigeng Park. Dianchi Lake is a wonderful place to visit at any time of the year. In spring, you can see a beautiful sea of flowers. In winter, you can watch the birds. In summer, people go fishing and in autumn they go up the mountains and have a bird’s-eye view (俯瞰) of the lake. There’s always something to do and see there. 1．Is Dianchi Lake a beautiful and famous lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province? __________________________________________________________ 2．How large is the lake? __________________________________________________________ 3．Why is Dianchi Lake important for the people of Kunming? __________________________________________________________ 4．When would you like to visit Dianchi Lake? Please give your reason. __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Yes, it is. 2．About 330 square kilometers. 3．Because it has a long history and it is a great place for birdwatching./Because it has historical meaning to them, and it gives joy to their present life./Because it is of both historical meaning and present joy to them. 4．I would like to visit in spring because I can see the beautiful sea of flowers around the lake. 【导语】本文主要介绍了云南昆明滇池的地理位置、面积、历史意义、自然景观以及四季可游的特点，展现其自然与人文价值。 1．根据“Dianchi Lake is a beautiful and famous lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province.”可知，滇池是云南昆明一处美丽而著名的湖泊。故填Yes, it is. 2．根据“The lake covers an area of about 330 square kilometers.”可知，滇池面积约为330平方公里。故填About 330 square kilometers. 3．根据“For one thing, it has historical meaning to them... For another, it gives joy to their present life.”可知，滇池对昆明人重要是因为其历史意义和带给人们的生活乐趣。故填Because it has a long history and it is a great place for birdwatching./Because it has historical meaning to them, and it gives joy to their present life./Because it is of both historical meaning and present joy to them. 4．开放性问题，需结合个人偏好说明想游览的季节及理由。故填I would like to visit in spring because I can see the beautiful sea of flowers around the lake. Passage 7 Chishan Lake Wetland Park is in Anhui Province. It has become home to many different kinds of birds because of its good environment. Every year, a lot of tourists go there to watch the birds. Do you know how to watch the birds? The following advice will help you.   Birdwatchers enjoy looking for and listening to different kinds of birds. To watch the birds, all you need is a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds. When you are ready, it’s best to go to the wild with some experienced (有经验的) people. You can join a birdwatching group to learn about some skills. Start birdwatching in the morning when birds are searching for food. Most of the time, you will hear bird calls from all around you, but you will not see any birds easily. Look for movement in trees, and bring your binoculars to your eyes to see more clearly. The most important work for a birdwatcher is to identify (识别) the birds. A bird’s shape, size, colour and habits can help a birdwatcher identify it. When you identify a bird, don’t forget to take notes about it on your notebook. When watching the birds, you should always keep in mind: respect (尊重) wildlife and protect its living areas. 1．Why has Chishan Lake Wetland Park become home to many different kinds of birds? __________________________________________________________ 2．Do you need a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds to watch birds? __________________________________________________________ 3．When do you start birdwatching in the morning? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the most important work for a birdwatcher? __________________________________________________________ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Because of its good environment./ Because it has good environment. 2．Yes, we/I do. /Yes. 3．When birds are searching for food. 4．To identify the birds. 5．How to watch the birds./How to go birdwatching. 【导语】文章主要给出了几条观鸟的建议并呼吁人们尊重野生动物并爱护他们的栖息地。 1．根据第一段第二句“It has become home to many different kinds of birds because of its good environment.”可知，因为赤山湖湿地公园的环境好，所以这里成为很多不同鸟类的栖息地。故填Because of its good environment./ Because it has good environment. 2．根据第二段第二句“To watch the birds, all you need is a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds.”可知，为了看鸟，我们需要一副双筒望远镜、一本野外指南和对于鸟类的爱。由此可知，本题答案是肯定的，且本题题干中“you”可理解成“你”或“你们”。故填Yes, we do. /Yes, I do. /Yes. 3．根据第四段第一句“Start birdwatching in the morning when birds are searching for food. ”可知，应该在早上鸟儿觅食时开始观鸟。故填When birds are searching for food. 4．根据第五段第一句“The most important work for a birdwatcher is to identify (识别) the birds.”可知，观鸟最重要的工作就是识别鸟类。故填To identify the birds. 5．根据第一段最后两句“Do you know how to watch the birds? The following advice will help you.”及后文叙述内容来看，本文主要讲了如何观鸟。故填How to watch the birds./How to go birdwatching. Passage 8 It’s a huge and beautiful wetland. Here, you can see green reeds (芦苇) wave under the blue sky. You can smell the fresh smell of the water plants. Welcome to the Poyang Lake Wetland! The name “Poyang Lake” is well-known in China. It’s located in Jiangxi Province. Poyang Lake Wetland is one of the largest freshwater wetlands in Asia. It provides a habitat (栖息地) for a large number of wild animals and plants. Every year, many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities come here. They wear wide-brimmed (宽边的) hats, long boots and carry telescopes. Boats are their tools for exploring. The temperature there is changeable. It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter. In summer, the water level may rise a lot. There are various birds in the wetland. Not all birds can stay here all year round, although you can see some swans. Swans have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather. They’re very elegant (优美的) and make a beautiful scene in the wetland. People call Poyang Lake Wetland “the Paradise (天堂) of Birds”. There are also many fish in the lake. The wetland’s water is rich in nutrients (营养物), which helps the fish to grow healthily. 1．What can you see and smell in the Poyang Lake Wetland? __________________________________________________________ 2．Who comes here every year? __________________________________________________________ 3．What’s the changeable temperature here like? __________________________________________________________ 4．Why can swans stay here all year round? __________________________________________________________ 5．Why are there many fish in the lake? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Green reeds wave (under the blue sky) and the fresh smell of the water plants. 2．Many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities. 3．It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter. 4．Because they have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather. 5．Because the wetland’s water is rich in nutrients. 【导语】本文主要介绍了江西鄱阳湖湿地的自然环境、生态及游客情况。 1．根据“you can see green reeds wave under the blue sky. You can smell the fresh smell of the water plants”可知，在鄱阳湖湿地能看到蓝天下摇曳的绿芦苇，闻到水生植物的清新气味。故填Green reeds wave (under the blue sky) and the fresh smell of the water plants. 2．根据“many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities come here”可知，每年有来自不同城市的观鸟者和摄影师来到这里。故填Many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities. 3．根据“It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter”可知，这里的温度春秋温暖、夏热冬冷。故填It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter. 4．根据“Swans have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather”可知，天鹅有厚实的羽毛能在寒冷天气保暖，所以可以全年停留。故填Because they have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather. 5．根据“The wetland’s water is rich in nutrients, which helps the fish to grow healthily”可知，湿地的水富含营养，所以湖里有很多鱼。故填Because the wetland’s water is rich in nutrients. Passage 9 The famous Changbai Mountains lie in Northeast China. The name means “Forever White Mountains”. The mountains got this name because of their beautiful snow-covered peaks (山峰). People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s. Before that, the mountains had different names in history. In a famous book, The Classic of Mountains and Seas, they were under the name of Buxian Shan. In Book of the Later Han, they were called Dandan, Daling. The Changbai Mountains are beautiful all year round. The best time to take a trip there is between June and September. During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures. It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March. The Changbai Mountains are home to lots of animals as well. Chinese mergansers (中华秋沙鸭) are among them. The animal is as rare (珍贵的) as the panda. One of the most famous parts of the mountains is Tianchi. It is the world’s highest crater lake (火山湖). It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres and is the source of some great rivers like the Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. 1．When did people begin to use the name the Changbai Mountains? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why is the Changbai Mountains a great place for visitors to go on a trip? (列举2点原因) __________________________________________________________ 3．What can people do there in November? __________________________________________________________ 4．What is the area of Tianchi Lake? __________________________________________________________ 5．What will you do first if you visit the Changbai Mountains? And why? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Around 1000s. 2．Because of the beautiful mountain landscape and cool weather. 3．People can see snow and ski. 4．It’s nearly 10 square kilometres. 5． I will go to see the rare Chinese mergansers. Because I like wild animals. (开放性题目，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了长白山的地理位置、名字由来、四季景色、动物资源、著名景点以及相关旅游信息。 1．根据“People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s.”可知，人们在大约公元1000年左右开始使用长白山这个名字。故填Around 1000s. 2．根据“During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures.”可知，因为美丽的山景和凉爽的天气，长白山是游客旅行的好地方。故填Because of the beautiful mountain landscape and cool weather. 3．根据“It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March.”可知，人们在11月可以在那里看雪和滑雪。故填People can see snow and ski. 4．根据“It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres”可知，天池的面积将近10平方公里。故填It’s nearly 10 square kilometres. 5．开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I will go to see the rare Chinese mergansers. Because I like wild animals. 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change. For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang. The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres. Yue was the youngest in the “Climate Action” climbing team. The project’s goal was to make people realize the danger of global warming by visiting snowy mountains. “I loved nature when I was a kid. I often climbed mountains in Beijing. In recent years more and more news reports have talked about the environment being destroyed (破坏), and I feel quite upset about it,” said Yue. “Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川),” said Yue. Along the way, Yue also collected snow samples, which was part of the project’s tasks. The samples will be given to scientists to study how air pollution forms. “We say ‘saving Earth’ every day, but I think taking real action is more important than just talking,” said Yue. “I hope my story can draw more young people’s attention to the serious problem of global warming. What I’ve experienced has shown that global warming is really not far away.” 1．What did Yue Kailang climb mountains to draw attention to? __________________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yue Kailang’s experience of climbing last? __________________________________________________________ 3．How old was Yue Kailang when he reached the top of Mount Muztagata? __________________________________________________________ 4．What place is an ideal place to research climate change? __________________________________________________________ 5．Should we do something helpful for our Earth? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________ 1.Climate change 2.For 14 days 3.16 years old. 4.Mount Muztagata. 5.Yes, we should. Because we have only one Earth, we should protect it. （开放题，答案不唯一） 本文主要介绍了16 岁的北京少年岳开良为唤起人们对全球变暖的关注，历经 14 天艰险成功登顶新疆慕士塔格峰并采集雪样助力科研。 1．根据“A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change.”可知，作者爬山注意到了气候变化。故填Climate change. 2．根据“For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang.”可知，作者的爬山之旅持续了14天。故填For 14 days. 3．根据“The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres.”可知，作者16岁登到山顶。故填16 years old. 4．根据“Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川).”可知，Mount Muztagata是调查气候变化的理想之地。故填Mount Muztagata. 5．此题为开放题，言之有理即可。故填Yes, we should. Because we have only one Earth, we should protect it. （开放题，答案不唯一） Passage 2 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, which is 8,848.86 metres high. It’s called “the Roof of the World”. But Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is one of the most beautiful places on the earth which is 5,895 metres above sea level, so it is often called “the Roof of Africa”. Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro It is one of the world’s highest “walkable” mountains. People can climb the mountain all year round, but many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two “dry” seasons, January to March and June to October. If they want to reach the top of it, they can climb in the rainy season too, but the weather condition may not be good and it may be difficult to achieve. The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. Through hard work, they successfully reached the top of the mountain on 6th October, 1889. The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro Even though it is hot there, the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow the whole year. There are many famous stories of the snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro. It formed about 11,000 years ago, but a research said that it might disappear. One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming. The high temperature is making the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro melt. The beautiful snow cap of Kilimanjaro is disappearing quickly. 1．How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ 2．Who were the first people to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ 3．How long has the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro formed? __________________________________________________________ 4．What might cause the disappearance of the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro according to the passage? __________________________________________________________ 5．When is the best time for many people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．5,895 metres above sea level. 2．Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 3．For about 11,000 years. 4．Global warming. 5．The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，涵盖其海拔高度、登山适宜时间、首次登顶记录、山顶雪冠的形成时长及可能消失的原因等内容。 1．根据文章第一段“which is 5,895 metres above sea level”可知，乞力马扎罗山的海拔为5895米。故填5,895 metres above sea level. 2．根据“The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller”可知，首次登顶乞力马扎罗山的是Hans Meyer和Ludwig Purtscheller。故填Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 3．根据“The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“It formed about 11,000 years ago”可知，乞力马扎罗山的雪冠已形成约11000年。故填For about 11,000 years. 4．根据文章中“One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming”可知，导致乞力马扎罗山雪冠可能消失的原因是全球变暖。故填Global warming. 5．根据“Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two ‘dry’ seasons, January to March and June to October”可知，很多人选择的最佳登山时间是该山的两个旱季（1月到3月、6月到10月）。故填The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. Passage3 Does the Dead Sea sound like a place where you’d like to go swimming? What do you expect to see in it? Do you believe there are dead things in the Dead Sea? The Dead Sea is a natural wonder located in Southwest Asia. It is about 80 kilometers long, 18 kilometers wide and about 304 meters deep. The Dead Sea is very salty (咸的). In fact, it is one of the saltiest lakes in the world. It has about ten times more salt than the ocean. The water is so salty that almost nothing can survive in it. That is why people call it the Dead Sea. It is also known by other names, like the Salt Sea or the Sea of the Plain. Though it’s called the Dead Sea, it isn’t a sea at all! It’s actually a lake. Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is quite salty. Each year, it gets only a little rain, and so little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea. As a result, the lake stays quite salty all the time. Don’t let the name of the Dead Sea make you feel scared. The Dead Sea is really a surprising place to visit, and many people go to the Dead Sea every year on warm holidays. The most interesting thing is that people can float on the water and even read books or magazines while floating! If you are not able to swim, the Dead Sea is still a safe and amazing place to have fun！ 1．Where is the Dead Sea located? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why is it called the Dead Sea? __________________________________________________________ 3．What makes the Dead Sea different from other lakes? __________________________________________________________ 4．How does the Dead Sea stay quite salty? __________________________________________________________ 5．If you have a chance to visit the Dead Sea, what will you most want to do there and why? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．It is located in Southwest Asia./In Southwest Asia. 2．Because it is so salty that almost nothing can live in it. 3．The Dead Sea is salty. 4．It gets only a little rain and so little fresh water gets into it each year. 5．I want to float on the water and read a book. Because it is a unique experience I can’t have in other places. 【导语】本文主要介绍了死海的地理位置、名称由来、高盐度的成因及其独特的水上漂浮现象，兼具科学性与趣味性。 1．根据“The Dead Sea is a natural wonder located in Southwest Asia.”可知，死海位于亚洲西南部。故填It is located in Southwest Asia./In Southwest Asia. 2．根据“The water is so salty that almost nothing can survive in it. That is why people call it the Dead Sea.”可知，死海得名于其高盐度导致几乎没有生物存活。故填Because it is so salty that almost nothing can live in it. 3．根据“Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is quite salty.”可知，死海与其他湖泊的不同之处在于其高盐度。故填The Dead Sea is salty. 4．根据“Each year, it gets only a little rain, and so little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea. As a result, the lake stays quite salty all the time.”可知，死海因降水少、淡水注入少而保持高盐度。故填It gets only a little rain and so little fresh water gets into it each year. 5．结合文中内容或个人兴趣说明想做的事及理由。故填I want to float on the water and read a book. Because it is a unique experience I can’t have in other places. Passage 4 If you like unusual places, you should visit the Hebrides Islands. Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland. The land is not good for farming. It’s only good for keeping sheep. The winters are long, cold, and wet. It’s hard to make a living on the Hebrides, but for a visitor, these islands can be very special. They’ re not for everyone, however. Even summer days are cool and often windy. The water is too cold for swimming. There are no forests, and there are only a few trees and green fields. Instead of fields, there are just rocks and small plants. The hills, too, are just piles of rocks. Sometimes the view looks like pictures of the moon. But there is beauty in this place. From the beach, you can often see all the way to the rocky hills. From the hills, you can see far out to other islands and the open ocean. The colors, too, are special. Blue is everywhere. It’s in the sky and in the ocean. It is in the tiny flowers that grow on the hills. In spring there is also green in the hills. In summer and fall the hills are more purple. Often the air is soft and the weather is gray with clouds and rain. On these islands, you can forget about the rest of the world. The evenings are quiet. The restaurants close early and there isn’t any nightlife. Visitors stay at a guest house. This is the best way to learn about life on the islands. The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk. If you want to meet islanders, you can also try the pubs (酒吧) or even the shops. People are in no hurry here. They like to chat about the weather or the fishing. There are also some tourist shops, but not many. They sell the usual tourist things. They also sell some beautiful clothes made of wool from the islands. Do not come to the Hebrides for shopping. Come to walk in the clean, cool air. Enjoy the quiet beauty. 1．Are there many people living on the Hebrides Islands? __________________________________________________________ 2．What’s the weather like on the Hebrides in summer? __________________________________________________________ 3．Where can you see all the way to the rocky hills? __________________________________________________________ 4．How are the islanders on the Hebrides? __________________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to travel to the Hebrides Islands? Why or why not? (at least two reasons) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．No, there aren’t. 2．It’s cool and often windy. 3．From the beach. 4．The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk. 5．Yes, I want to travel to the Hebrides Islands because I enjoy the quiet beauty and the unique landscapes. Additionally, I am interested in experiencing the local culture and interacting with the friendly islanders. 【导语】本文主要介绍了苏格兰西北部的赫布里底群岛，包括岛上的居住人口、土地用途、气候特点、自然景观，以及当地居民的生活状态和适合游客的体验活动，说明该群岛虽不适合大规模居住，却是能让游客感受宁静之美的特殊去处。 1．根据短文第一段中“Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland.”可知，赫布里底群岛上居住的人并不多。故填No, there aren’t. 2．根据短文第二段中“Even summer days are cool and often windy.”可知，赫布里底群岛的夏天天气凉爽且经常刮风。故填It’s cool and often windy.   3．根据短文第三段中“From the beach, you can often see all the way to the rocky hills.”可知，从海滩上可以一直看到多岩石的小山。故填From the beach.   4．根据短文第四段中“The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk.”可知，赫布里底群岛的居民通常很友好，而且喜欢交谈。故填The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk.   5．本题为开放性问题，结合短文内容给出合理理由即可。参考示例：Yes, I want to travel to the Hebrides Islands because I enjoy the quiet beauty and the unique landscapes. Additionally, I am interested in experiencing the local culture and interacting with the friendly islanders.   Passage 5 Wild land of romance What are the best words to describe Latin America? It could be called a “wild” and “happy” land. Latin America has a lot of natural beauty. There are volcanoes, high mountains and large grasslands in Latin America. It also has the world’s biggest rainforest － the Amazon. The rainforest is home to many of the world’s strangest plants and animals. There are books and movies that tell exciting stories about the Amazon. People in Latin America have open and romantic hearts. They are usually easy-going. They like to happily sing and dance. Dances like the samba, rumba, cha cha and tango all come from Latin America. The music is cheerful and the dancers hold each other tightly. People become closer to each other by dancing together. Singing is also a talent for many Latin Americans. Many singers there are internationally famous. Shakira from Colombia and Rihanna from Barbados are famous Latin American musicians. Their music usually has strong rhythms, which is a tradition in Latin music. Would you like to go to Latin America and enjoy its sights and sounds? Carnivals Latin Americans know how to have fun. They hold world-famous carnivals. From late January to early March is the carnival season. People dress in colorful clothes, hold parades, and have a good time. Brazil’s Carnival is the biggest carnival in the world. Lots of people join it every year. Xi in Latin America From Nov 30 to Dec 1, the 13th Group of 20 summit took place in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Argentina and took part in the summit. Later, he went to Panama, another country in Latin America. Xi spoke highly of the rich culture of Latin America. He encouraged Chinese teenagers to go to Argentina for soccer training. He also said that he hopes China, Argentina and Panama can work together more in the future. Quick facts Latin America includes more than 30 countries and areas. They are all in the south of the United States in the American continent. Latin America starts from Mexico in North America. Then, it goes through the Caribbean and down into South America. Many people in Latin America are mixed-blood. Natives, Africans and Europeans have lived together in Latin America for more than 400 years. Most Latin American countries speak Spanish, but people in Brazil speak Portuguese. A few of the smaller countries speak some other languages as well. 1．What kinds of natural beauty are there in Latin America? __________________________________________________________ 2．Which dance genres come from Latin America according to the passage? __________________________________________________________ 3．What is the time period of the carnival season? __________________________________________________________ 4．Where did the 13th Group of 20 summit take place? __________________________________________________________ 5．What language do Brazilians speak? __________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Volcanoes, high mountains, large grasslands and rainforests. 2．Samba, rumba, cha cha and tango. 3．From late January to early March. 4．In Buenos Aires. 5．They speak Portuguese. 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“浪漫之地”拉丁美洲的魅力风景、丰富文化和开放随和的人民。 1．根据第二段的描述可知，拉丁美洲有火山、高山、大草原和雨林。故填Volcanoes, high mountains, large grasslands and rainforests. 2．根据“Dances like the samba, rumba, cha cha and tango all come from Latin America.”可知，桑巴、伦巴、恰恰和探戈这样的舞蹈都来自拉丁美洲。故填Samba, rumba, cha cha and tango. 3．根据“From late January to early March is the carnival season.”可知，狂欢节是从一月底到三月初。故填From late January to early March. 4．根据“From Nov 30 to Dec 1, the 13th Group of 20 summit took place in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina.”可知，G20峰会在宜诺斯艾利斯举办。故填In Buenos Aires. 5．根据“Most Latin American countries speak Spanish, but people in Brazil speak Portuguese.”可知，巴西人说葡萄牙语。故填They speak Portuguese. Passage 6 Mount Huangshan Mount Huangshan is in the south of Anhui Province. It is one of the most famous mountains in China. It is also one of the greatest natural wonders in the world. Mount Huangshan is famous for four wonders: strange pine trees, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. Every year, millions of tourists come to visit it. The strange pine trees are very special. They grow in the rocks. Some are tall and some are short. Some are straight and some are curved. The strange rocks have different shapes. Some look like animals, such as monkeys, lions and camels. Some look like humans. The sea of clouds is very beautiful. When you stand on the top of the mountain, you can see clouds around you. It looks like a wonderful world. The hot springs are clear and clean. They can help people keep healthy. Many people say Mount Huangshan is the most beautiful mountain in China. If you visit it, you will never forget it. 1．Where is Mount Huangshan? __________________________________________________________ 2．What are the four wonders of Mount Huangshan? __________________________________________________________ 3．Where do the strange pine trees grow? __________________________________________________________ 4．What do the strange rocks look like? __________________________________________________________ 5．What can the hot springs help people do? __________________________________________________________ 1．It is in the south of Anhui Province. 2．They are strange pine trees, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. 3．They grow in the rocks. 4．Some look like animals and some look like humans. 5．They can help people keep healthy. 本文介绍了安徽黄山的地理位置与四大奇观，展现黄山绝美风光，点明黄山美景令人难忘。 1．第一段首句“Mount Huangshan is in the south of Anhui Province.”直接点明黄山的具体地理位置，答案直接从原文中提取即可。 2．第二段“Mount Huangshan is famous for four wonders: strange pine trees, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs.”明确列举了黄山的四大奇观，答案直接从原文中提取即可。 3．第三段“The strange pine trees are very special. They grow in the rocks.”明确说明奇松的生长环境，属于直接信息提取题，重点提取“in the rocks”即可。 4．第四段“Some look like animals, such as monkeys, lions and camels. Some look like humans.”详细描述了奇石的形态，核心特征是 “像动物或人类”，需整合关键信息作答。 5．第六段“The hot springs are clear and clean. They can help people keep healthy.”直接说明温泉的功能，属于直接信息提取题，重点提取“keep healthy”即可。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature阅读表达题型专练 (人与自然) 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 The Amazon River is in South America. It is 6,440 kilometers long and is the second longest river in the world. The Amazon River begins in the high mountains of Peru (秘鲁). It then crosses over into Brazil (巴西). Most of the Amazon is in Brazil. Finally, it ends in the Atlantic Ocean. It has more water than any other river in the world. Along the river are some of the wettest places in the world. They are called the Amazon Rainforest. It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers five and a half million square kilometers of the Amazon Basin and spreads across eight countries. In the rainforest, there are many animals that are very different from the ones in China. Many special plants in it can be made into medicine to help people. However, many living things lose their homes because people cut down many trees. As a result, there are fewer animals, birds and insects in the forests. 1．How long is the Amazon River? (不超过5个词) __________________________________________________________ 2．How do many special plants in the Amazon Rainforest help people? (不超过10个词) __________________________________________________________ 3．What can we do to protect the Amazon Rainforest? Please give an example. (不超过15个词) __________________________________________________________ Passage 2 There are many waterfalls in China. Some are big, some are small, they are all beautiful. Today I’ll introduce four of them to you. Huangguoshu Waterfall, which sits in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia. With a height of 77.8 meters and a width of 101 meters, it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Every year, millions of people come to visit this natural wonder. Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China. It is one of the widest waterfalls and many people think it is the No.1 waterfall in the world. Hukou Waterfall, located on the Yellow River at the border of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in northern China, is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the country. Known for its dramatic yellow-hued waters and thunderous roar, it is the second-largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall). People can hear the sound from far away. Lushan Waterfall in Jiangxi is very beautiful. It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem (诗) by Li Bai: It plunges straight down three thousand feet. As if the Silver River were falling from the Ninth Heaven. 1．How high is Huangguoshu Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 2．Where is Sanxia Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．Is Hukou Waterfall the largest waterfall in China? __________________________________________________________ 4．Which waterfall do you like best? Why? __________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Do you know Hukou Waterfall? Hukou Waterfall is always compared to a shining pearl (明珠) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is located at the junction between Shaanxi and Shanxi. When the Yellow River runs through mountains to Hukou, the river narrows from hundreds of metres to 30-50 metres. The water suddenly falls down into a deep pool. It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so the waterfall is named Hukou Waterfall. Visitors cannot approach (靠近) the main waterfall because of safety reasons. Looking from far away, you still enjoy the amazing yellow ocean of fog-covered water. The beauty of the waterfall cannot be described in words. You cannot know unless you visit it in person. There are many wonders at Hukou Waterfall, such as smoke from the river, boats on land, rainbows in the sunshine and so on. The falling water creates huge spray and mist (飞溅的水花和雾气), and the colours change. People call this breathtaking view “smoke from the river”. The views of Hukou Waterfall change with the seasons. So you can enjoy its special beauty every season. 1．What is Hukou Waterfall always compared to? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why do people call this waterfall Hukou Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the wonder of Hukou Waterfall? (写出一个答案即可) __________________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to visit Hukou Waterfall? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________ Passage 4 There are many waterfalls in China. Some are big. Some are small. They are all beautiful. Today I’ll introduce four of them to you. Huangguoshu Waterfall, which sits in Anshun City, Guizhou Province, is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia. With a height of 77. 8 metres and a width of 101 metres, it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. Every year, millions of people come to visit this natural wonder. Sanxia Waterfall in Yichang, Hubei is a great natural landscape in China. It is one of the widest waterfalls and many people think it is the No. 1 waterfall in the world. Hukou Waterfall, located on the Yellow River at the border of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in northern China, is one of the most powerful waterfalls in the country. Known for its dramatic yellow-hued waters and thunderous roar, it is the second-largest waterfall in China (after Huangguoshu Waterfall). People can hear the sound from far away. Lushan Waterfall in Jiangxi is very beautiful. It’s well-known in China and the world because of the poem by Li Bai—It plunges straight down three thousand feet. As if the Silver River were falling from the Ninth Heaven. 1．How high is Huangguoshu Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 2．Where is Sanxia Waterfall? __________________________________________________________ 3．Why is Lushan Waterfall well-known in China and the world? __________________________________________________________ 4．Which waterfall do you like best? Why? Write 30 words or more. __________________________________________________________ Passage 5 Have you ever been to Dongting Lake? It’s famous as “800-li Dongting Lake”. Dongting Lake is in the north of Hunan Province. It is about 2,625 square kilometres in size. It is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Every year, thousands of tourists from all over the world come to Yueyang in order to enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake. With the development of our society, protecting Dongting Lake has become a hot topic (话题). In fact, people of Yueyang are trying to improve the environment of the lake. On the one hand, they set up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in 1982. It provides a good place for birds and rare (珍稀的) animals. If you go there, you can see birds flying and milu deer (麋鹿) eating grass in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. On the other hand, factories mustn’t put wastewater into the lake. Fishes are living in the clean water. At the same time, they plant colourful flowers and green trees along Dongting Lake. It is nice for people to go there when flowers come out and leaves turn green. Dongting Lake is the mother lake in Hunan Province. Each of us should try our best to protect it. 1．Where is Dongting Lake? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why do many tourists come to Yueyang every year? __________________________________________________________ 3．What can you see if you go to East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve? __________________________________________________________ 4．What do people in Yueyang do to improve the environment of Dong ting Lake? (At least two points) __________________________________________________________ 5．What does the writer want to tell us? __________________________________________________________ Passage 6 Dianchi Lake is a beautiful and famous lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province. It is also known as Kunming Lake. It is the largest freshwater lake in Yunnan. The lake covers an area of about 330 square kilometers. It looks like a shining pearl (珍珠) with mountains around it. Dianchi Lake is also very important for the people of Kunming. For one thing, it has historical meaning to them. Dianchi has a long history of about 3.4 million years. The area around Dianchi Lake was once the location of the capital of an ancient kingdom (王国) in China. For another, it gives joy to their present life. Every winter, thousands of birds come to the lake. This makes it a great place for birdwatching. There are many interesting places around Dianchi Lake. For example, there is the West Hill Forest Park. You can enjoy beautiful views of the lake and explore ancient temples there. There is also Haigeng Park. Dianchi Lake is a wonderful place to visit at any time of the year. In spring, you can see a beautiful sea of flowers. In winter, you can watch the birds. In summer, people go fishing and in autumn they go up the mountains and have a bird’s-eye view (俯瞰) of the lake. There’s always something to do and see there. 1．Is Dianchi Lake a beautiful and famous lake in Kunming, Yunnan Province? __________________________________________________________ 2．How large is the lake? __________________________________________________________ 3．Why is Dianchi Lake important for the people of Kunming? __________________________________________________________ 4．When would you like to visit Dianchi Lake? Please give your reason. __________________________________________________________ Passage 7 Chishan Lake Wetland Park is in Anhui Province. It has become home to many different kinds of birds because of its good environment. Every year, a lot of tourists go there to watch the birds. Do you know how to watch the birds? The following advice will help you.   Birdwatchers enjoy looking for and listening to different kinds of birds. To watch the birds, all you need is a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds. When you are ready, it’s best to go to the wild with some experienced (有经验的) people. You can join a birdwatching group to learn about some skills. Start birdwatching in the morning when birds are searching for food. Most of the time, you will hear bird calls from all around you, but you will not see any birds easily. Look for movement in trees, and bring your binoculars to your eyes to see more clearly. The most important work for a birdwatcher is to identify (识别) the birds. A bird’s shape, size, colour and habits can help a birdwatcher identify it. When you identify a bird, don’t forget to take notes about it on your notebook. When watching the birds, you should always keep in mind: respect (尊重) wildlife and protect its living areas. 1．Why has Chishan Lake Wetland Park become home to many different kinds of birds? __________________________________________________________ 2．Do you need a pair of binoculars, a field guide and love for birds to watch birds? __________________________________________________________ 3．When do you start birdwatching in the morning? __________________________________________________________ 4．What’s the most important work for a birdwatcher? __________________________________________________________ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? __________________________________________________________ Passage 8 It’s a huge and beautiful wetland. Here, you can see green reeds (芦苇) wave under the blue sky. You can smell the fresh smell of the water plants. Welcome to the Poyang Lake Wetland! The name “Poyang Lake” is well-known in China. It’s located in Jiangxi Province. Poyang Lake Wetland is one of the largest freshwater wetlands in Asia. It provides a habitat (栖息地) for a large number of wild animals and plants. Every year, many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities come here. They wear wide-brimmed (宽边的) hats, long boots and carry telescopes. Boats are their tools for exploring. The temperature there is changeable. It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter. In summer, the water level may rise a lot. There are various birds in the wetland. Not all birds can stay here all year round, although you can see some swans. Swans have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather. They’re very elegant (优美的) and make a beautiful scene in the wetland. People call Poyang Lake Wetland “the Paradise (天堂) of Birds”. There are also many fish in the lake. The wetland’s water is rich in nutrients (营养物), which helps the fish to grow healthily. 1．What can you see and smell in the Poyang Lake Wetland? __________________________________________________________ 2．Who comes here every year? __________________________________________________________ 3．What’s the changeable temperature here like? __________________________________________________________ 4．Why can swans stay here all year round? __________________________________________________________ 5．Why are there many fish in the lake? __________________________________________________________ Passage 9 The famous Changbai Mountains lie in Northeast China. The name means “Forever White Mountains”. The mountains got this name because of their beautiful snow-covered peaks (山峰). People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s. Before that, the mountains had different names in history. In a famous book, The Classic of Mountains and Seas, they were under the name of Buxian Shan. In Book of the Later Han, they were called Dandan, Daling. The Changbai Mountains are beautiful all year round. The best time to take a trip there is between June and September. During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures. It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March. The Changbai Mountains are home to lots of animals as well. Chinese mergansers (中华秋沙鸭) are among them. The animal is as rare (珍贵的) as the panda. One of the most famous parts of the mountains is Tianchi. It is the world’s highest crater lake (火山湖). It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres and is the source of some great rivers like the Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. 1．When did people begin to use the name the Changbai Mountains? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why is the Changbai Mountains a great place for visitors to go on a trip? (列举2点原因) __________________________________________________________ 3．What can people do there in November? __________________________________________________________ 4．What is the area of Tianchi Lake? __________________________________________________________ 5．What will you do first if you visit the Changbai Mountains? And why? __________________________________________________________ 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 A Chinese boy named Yue Kailang climbed a mountain to draw attention to climate change. For 14 days, Yue Kailang experienced all these like snowstorms and a freezing temperature of -20℃ while climbing Mount Muztagata in Xinjiang. The 16-year-old from Beijing finally reached the top of the mountain at 7,546 metres. Yue was the youngest in the “Climate Action” climbing team. The project’s goal was to make people realize the danger of global warming by visiting snowy mountains. “I loved nature when I was a kid. I often climbed mountains in Beijing. In recent years more and more news reports have talked about the environment being destroyed (破坏), and I feel quite upset about it,” said Yue. “Mount Muztagata is an ideal place to research climate change because there are large areas of mountain glaciers (冰川),” said Yue. Along the way, Yue also collected snow samples, which was part of the project’s tasks. The samples will be given to scientists to study how air pollution forms. “We say ‘saving Earth’ every day, but I think taking real action is more important than just talking,” said Yue. “I hope my story can draw more young people’s attention to the serious problem of global warming. What I’ve experienced has shown that global warming is really not far away.” 1．What did Yue Kailang climb mountains to draw attention to? __________________________________________________________ 2．How long did Yue Kailang’s experience of climbing last? __________________________________________________________ 3．How old was Yue Kailang when he reached the top of Mount Muztagata? __________________________________________________________ 4．What place is an ideal place to research climate change? __________________________________________________________ 5．Should we do something helpful for our Earth? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, which is 8,848.86 metres high. It’s called “the Roof of the World”. But Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is one of the most beautiful places on the earth which is 5,895 metres above sea level, so it is often called “the Roof of Africa”. Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro It is one of the world’s highest “walkable” mountains. People can climb the mountain all year round, but many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two “dry” seasons, January to March and June to October. If they want to reach the top of it, they can climb in the rainy season too, but the weather condition may not be good and it may be difficult to achieve. The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. Through hard work, they successfully reached the top of the mountain on 6th October, 1889. The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro Even though it is hot there, the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow the whole year. There are many famous stories of the snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro. It formed about 11,000 years ago, but a research said that it might disappear. One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming. The high temperature is making the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro melt. The beautiful snow cap of Kilimanjaro is disappearing quickly. 1．How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ 2．Who were the first people to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ 3．How long has the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro formed? __________________________________________________________ 4．What might cause the disappearance of the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro according to the passage? __________________________________________________________ 5．When is the best time for many people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? __________________________________________________________ Passage3 Does the Dead Sea sound like a place where you’d like to go swimming? What do you expect to see in it? Do you believe there are dead things in the Dead Sea? The Dead Sea is a natural wonder located in Southwest Asia. It is about 80 kilometers long, 18 kilometers wide and about 304 meters deep. The Dead Sea is very salty (咸的). In fact, it is one of the saltiest lakes in the world. It has about ten times more salt than the ocean. The water is so salty that almost nothing can survive in it. That is why people call it the Dead Sea. It is also known by other names, like the Salt Sea or the Sea of the Plain. Though it’s called the Dead Sea, it isn’t a sea at all! It’s actually a lake. Different from other lakes you have seen, the Dead Sea is quite salty. Each year, it gets only a little rain, and so little fresh water gets into the Dead Sea. As a result, the lake stays quite salty all the time. Don’t let the name of the Dead Sea make you feel scared. The Dead Sea is really a surprising place to visit, and many people go to the Dead Sea every year on warm holidays. The most interesting thing is that people can float on the water and even read books or magazines while floating! If you are not able to swim, the Dead Sea is still a safe and amazing place to have fun！ 1．Where is the Dead Sea located? __________________________________________________________ 2．Why is it called the Dead Sea? __________________________________________________________ 3．What makes the Dead Sea different from other lakes? __________________________________________________________ 4．How does the Dead Sea stay quite salty? __________________________________________________________ 5．If you have a chance to visit the Dead Sea, what will you most want to do there and why? __________________________________________________________ Passage 4 If you like unusual places, you should visit the Hebrides Islands. Not many people live on these islands in the northwest of Scotland. The land is not good for farming. It’s only good for keeping sheep. The winters are long, cold, and wet. It’s hard to make a living on the Hebrides, but for a visitor, these islands can be very special. They’ re not for everyone, however. Even summer days are cool and often windy. The water is too cold for swimming. There are no forests, and there are only a few trees and green fields. Instead of fields, there are just rocks and small plants. The hills, too, are just piles of rocks. Sometimes the view looks like pictures of the moon. But there is beauty in this place. From the beach, you can often see all the way to the rocky hills. From the hills, you can see far out to other islands and the open ocean. The colors, too, are special. Blue is everywhere. It’s in the sky and in the ocean. It is in the tiny flowers that grow on the hills. In spring there is also green in the hills. In summer and fall the hills are more purple. Often the air is soft and the weather is gray with clouds and rain. On these islands, you can forget about the rest of the world. The evenings are quiet. The restaurants close early and there isn’t any nightlife. Visitors stay at a guest house. This is the best way to learn about life on the islands. The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk. If you want to meet islanders, you can also try the pubs (酒吧) or even the shops. People are in no hurry here. They like to chat about the weather or the fishing. There are also some tourist shops, but not many. They sell the usual tourist things. They also sell some beautiful clothes made of wool from the islands. Do not come to the Hebrides for shopping. Come to walk in the clean, cool air. Enjoy the quiet beauty. 1．Are there many people living on the Hebrides Islands? __________________________________________________________ 2．What’s the weather like on the Hebrides in summer? __________________________________________________________ 3．Where can you see all the way to the rocky hills? __________________________________________________________ 4．How are the islanders on the Hebrides? __________________________________________________________ 5．Do you want to travel to the Hebrides Islands? Why or why not? (at least two reasons) __________________________________________________________ Passage 5 Wild land of romance What are the best words to describe Latin America? It could be called a “wild” and “happy” land. Latin America has a lot of natural beauty. There are volcanoes, high mountains and large grasslands in Latin America. It also has the world’s biggest rainforest － the Amazon. The rainforest is home to many of the world’s strangest plants and animals. There are books and movies that tell exciting stories about the Amazon. People in Latin America have open and romantic hearts. They are usually easy-going. They like to happily sing and dance. Dances like the samba, rumba, cha cha and tango all come from Latin America. The music is cheerful and the dancers hold each other tightly. People become closer to each other by dancing together. Singing is also a talent for many Latin Americans. Many singers there are internationally famous. Shakira from Colombia and Rihanna from Barbados are famous Latin American musicians. Their music usually has strong rhythms, which is a tradition in Latin music. Would you like to go to Latin America and enjoy its sights and sounds? Carnivals Latin Americans know how to have fun. They hold world-famous carnivals. From late January to early March is the carnival season. People dress in colorful clothes, hold parades, and have a good time. Brazil’s Carnival is the biggest carnival in the world. Lots of people join it every year. Xi in Latin America From Nov 30 to Dec 1, the 13th Group of 20 summit took place in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Argentina and took part in the summit. Later, he went to Panama, another country in Latin America. Xi spoke highly of the rich culture of Latin America. He encouraged Chinese teenagers to go to Argentina for soccer training. He also said that he hopes China, Argentina and Panama can work together more in the future. Quick facts Latin America includes more than 30 countries and areas. They are all in the south of the United States in the American continent. Latin America starts from Mexico in North America. Then, it goes through the Caribbean and down into South America. Many people in Latin America are mixed-blood. Natives, Africans and Europeans have lived together in Latin America for more than 400 years. Most Latin American countries speak Spanish, but people in Brazil speak Portuguese. A few of the smaller countries speak some other languages as well. 1．What kinds of natural beauty are there in Latin America? __________________________________________________________ 2．Which dance genres come from Latin America according to the passage? __________________________________________________________ 3．What is the time period of the carnival season? __________________________________________________________ 4．Where did the 13th Group of 20 summit take place? __________________________________________________________ 5．What language do Brazilians speak? __________________________________________________________ Passage 6 Mount Huangshan Mount Huangshan is in the south of Anhui Province. It is one of the most famous mountains in China. It is also one of the greatest natural wonders in the world. Mount Huangshan is famous for four wonders: strange pine trees, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. Every year, millions of tourists come to visit it. The strange pine trees are very special. They grow in the rocks. Some are tall and some are short. Some are straight and some are curved. The strange rocks have different shapes. Some look like animals, such as monkeys, lions and camels. Some look like humans. The sea of clouds is very beautiful. When you stand on the top of the mountain, you can see clouds around you. It looks like a wonderful world. The hot springs are clear and clean. They can help people keep healthy. Many people say Mount Huangshan is the most beautiful mountain in China. If you visit it, you will never forget it. 1．Where is Mount Huangshan? __________________________________________________________ 2．What are the four wonders of Mount Huangshan? __________________________________________________________ 3．Where do the strange pine trees grow? __________________________________________________________ 4．What do the strange rocks look like? __________________________________________________________ 5．What can the hot springs help people do? __________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature阅读表达题型专练 (人与自然) 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．It’s 6,440 kilometers long. 2．They can be made into medicine to help people. 3．We can make a poster about protecting the Amazon Rainforest./We can plant more trees in the Amazon Rainforest. (言之有理即可) Passage 2 1．77.8 meters 2．In Yichang, Hubei. 3．No, it isn’t. 4．I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky. Passage 3 1．A shining pearl in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. 2．Because it seems that the water pours down from a big teapot. 3．The (Hukou) waterfall. 4．Smoke from the river./Boats on land./Rainbows in the sunshine. 5．Yes, I do. Because I want to enjoy its special beauty and amazing views like “smoke from the river” in person. Passage 4 1．77. 8 metres. 2．In Yichang, Hubei. 3．Because of the poem by Li Bai. 4．I like Huangguoshu Waterfall best. Because it is the largest waterfall in China and one of the most famous natural wonders in Asia, and it looks like a “white curtain” pouring from the sky, producing thunderous sounds. （开放性试题，言之有理即可） Passage 5 1．It’s in the north of Hunan Province. 2．To enjoy the beautiful sights around Dongting Lake. 3．We can see birds flying and milu deer eating grass (in East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve). 4．①Setting up East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve. ② Do not allow factories to put wastewater into the lake. ③ Planting colourful flowers and green trees along the lake. (答出任意两条即可) 5．To ask people/us to protect the environment of Dongting Lake. Passage 6 1．Yes, it is. 2．About 330 square kilometers. 3．Because it has a long history and it is a great place for birdwatching./Because it has historical meaning to them, and it gives joy to their present life./Because it is of both historical meaning and present joy to them. 4．I would like to visit in spring because I can see the beautiful sea of flowers around the lake. Passage 7 1．Because of its good environment./ Because it has good environment. 2．Yes, we/I do. /Yes. 3．When birds are searching for food. 4．To identify the birds. 5．How to watch the birds./How to go birdwatching. Passage 8 1．Green reeds wave (under the blue sky) and the fresh smell of the water plants. 2．Many birdwatchers and photographers from different cities. 3．It’s warm in spring and autumn, but hot in summer and cold in winter. 4．Because they have thick feathers to keep them warm in cold weather. 5．Because the wetland’s water is rich in nutrients. Passage 9 1．Around 1000s. 2．Because of the beautiful mountain landscape and cool weather. 3．People can see snow and ski. 4．It’s nearly 10 square kilometres. 5． I will go to see the rare Chinese mergansers. Because I like wild animals. (开放性题目，言之有理即可) 培优 提高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1.Climate change 2.For 14 days 3.16 years old. 4.Mount Muztagata. 5.Yes, we should. Because we have only one Earth, we should protect it. （开放题，答案不唯一） Passage 2 1．5,895 metres above sea level. 2．Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 3．For about 11,000 years. 4．Global warming. 5．The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. Passage3 1．It is located in Southwest Asia./In Southwest Asia. 2．Because it is so salty that almost nothing can live in it. 3．The Dead Sea is salty. 4．It gets only a little rain and so little fresh water gets into it each year. 5．I want to float on the water and read a book. Because it is a unique experience I can’t have in other places. Passage 4 1．No, there aren’t. 2．It’s cool and often windy. 3．From the beach. 4．The islanders are often friendly, and they like to talk. 5．Yes, I want to travel to the Hebrides Islands because I enjoy the quiet beauty and the unique landscapes. Additionally, I am interested in experiencing the local culture and interacting with the friendly islanders. Passage 5 1．Volcanoes, high mountains, large grasslands and rainforests. 2．Samba, rumba, cha cha and tango. 3．From late January to early March. 4．In Buenos Aires. 5．They speak Portuguese. Passage 6 1．It is in the south of Anhui Province. 2．They are strange pine trees, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs. 3．They grow in the rocks. 4．Some look like animals and some look like humans. 5．They can help people keep healthy. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $