学考专题13 阅读理解：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题13 阅读理解 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 阅读理解的试题类型 知识点二 阅读理解的解答策略 练|巩固提升训练 一、能力考查 阅读题考查的不是“读懂大意”的模糊感觉，而是五类可训练、可检验的能力。每道题都在测量其中某一项，先认清考查维度，才能对症下药。 表1 能力维度与典型设问 能力维度 考查内涵 典型设问 理解具体信息 提取文中的事实、数据、时间、地点、人物等细节 According to the passage, ... / Which of the following is TRUE? 概括主旨要义 提炼文章或段落中心，为文章选择标题 What is the main idea? / What is the best title? 推断词义语义 依据上下文推断生词、短语的含义及代词指代 The underlined word “...” probably means ... 判断与推理 依据证据推断隐含信息、作者态度、写作目的与文章出处 What can we infer? / The author’s attitude is ... 理解篇章结构 把握语篇结构与段落间的逻辑衔接 主要对应第二节七选五 二、语篇类型与命题特点 高考阅读的四篇语篇通常由应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文构成，各自承担不同的考查功能。拿到一篇文章，先判断语篇类型，就能预判设题方向、选择阅读方式。 表2 四类语篇的设题侧重与阅读策略 语篇类型 常见题材 设题侧重 阅读策略 应用文 广告、通知、活动介绍、旅游指南 细节理解为主（时间、费用、条件、规则） 扫读定位，不必逐句阅读 记叙文 人物故事、生活经历、成长感悟 细节 + 推理（情感变化、事件因果） 抓住时间线、情感线与事件意义 说明文 科学研究、社会现象、技术介绍 细节 + 词义 + 推理（概念、机制、结论） 理清说明对象、结构层次与结论句 议论文 观点评论、社会问题、价值讨论 主旨 + 推理（论点、论据、作者态度） 抓住论点、论证结构与让步转折 三、四大题型专项突破 四选一阅读的 15 道题，按考查能力可归纳为四类题型：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题。以下逐一讲透“概念界定—命题规律—干扰项—解题步骤—例题验证”。 （一）细节理解题 1. 概念界定与设问特征 细节理解题考查对文中具体事实信息的提取与理解，是题量最大的题型，约占四选一阅读的 50%—60%。典型设问有：According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE / NOT TRUE?；What / When / Where / Why / How ...?；From the passage we know that ...。 2. 正确项的三大命题方式 （1）同义替换：用近义词或短语改写原文，如把 an increase in 换成 a rise in、把 roughly 换成 about；（2）反向改写：用“反义词 + 否定”表达相同意思，如把 rarely 换成 not often；（3）信息重组：把原文分散在不同句子的信息重新组合成一个选项。凡正确项，必能在原文找到一一对应的证据句。 3. 六类干扰项及其识别 表3 细节题六类干扰项 干扰类型 设置特征 识别要点 正反颠倒 把原文意思说反（加 not、否定词或反义表达） 比对选项与原文的肯定/否定 无中生有 原文完全没有提及的内容 回文找不到依据即排除 偷换概念 替换关键名词或限定词（如 all→some、原因换成结果） 关注 every/all/some/most 等限定词 张冠李戴 把 A 的特征或数据安到 B 身上 核对主语、对象与数据的对应关系 答非所问 信息本身正确，但不回答题干所问 先看问题指向，再比对选项 以偏概全 用部分事实概括整体情况 留意范围大小与程度词 4. 解题三步 第一步定位：按题序原则回文——第 1 题的答案一般出现在文章前部，后一题的答案在文中的位置通常不早于前一题。圈画题干中的关键词（专有名词、数字、时间、大写词），用扫读快速锁定信息句。 第二步比对：将选项与原文证据句逐词比对，识别“换说法”的同义改写；注意时态、数量、对象是否被偷换。 第三步排除：优先排除含绝对词的选项（all, never, always, none, every 等——除非原文同样绝对），再利用六类干扰项特征逐一剔除，最后用证据句反证正确项。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·说明文节选）Walking is one of the simplest and most effective forms of exercise. According to a recent study of more than 30,000 adults, just 11 minutes of brisk walking a day can reduce the risk of early death by nearly a quarter. The researchers found that even those who walked far less than the recommended 150 minutes a week still benefited. However, they noted that the benefits increased with the amount of activity, without any upper limit being identified. 题目：According to the study, walking about 11 minutes a day ______. A. is the recommended amount for most adults B. can cut the risk of early death by about 25% C. only benefits people who walk over 150 minutes a week D. has an upper limit beyond which it does no good 答案：B。 解题思路：题干关键词 11 minutes 定位到第二句，原文 reduce the risk of early death by nearly a quarter 与选项 B 的 cut ... by about 25% 构成同义替换（nearly a quarter ≈ about 25%）。 干扰项分析：A 偷换概念——“recommended amount”在原文指每周 150 分钟，不是 11 分钟；C 正反颠倒——原文说“远低于推荐量的人同样受益”，与选项相反；D 正反颠倒——原文明确没有发现上限（without any upper limit）。 （二）主旨大意题 1. 三类小题 （1）文章主旨题：What is the passage mainly about?；（2）段落大意题：What is the second paragraph mainly about?；（3）标题选择题：Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?。 2. 主题句的位置规律 文章主题句多在首段（开门见山）或末段（总结收束）；段落主题句多在段首，少数在段尾或段中。尤其要注意转折信号词（however, but, yet）之后，往往跟着作者真正的观点。 3. 解题策略 （1）高频词复现法：全文反复出现的词往往指向主题；（2）首尾段呼应法：将首段与末段对照，重合之处即主旨；（3）结构推断法：记叙文抓事件的意义，说明文抓说明对象与结论，议论文抓中心论点。 4. 标题选择三原则与干扰项特征 好标题必须“涵盖全文、精准概括、简洁醒目”（一般 6—10 个词且含关键词）。主旨题的干扰项有三种典型失真：以偏概全（只概括某个段落）、范围过大（把具体话题泛化为大主题）、偏离主题（拿细节或例子当标题）。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·议论文节选）Every year, billions of plastic bottles end up in landfills or the ocean. Recycling seems an obvious solution, yet fewer than 30 percent of plastic bottles are actually recycled. One reason is that many bottles are made of mixed materials that are hard to process. Another is that recycling is often not economically attractive. Some experts argue that instead of focusing on recycling, we should reduce the production of plastic in the first place. After all, the best way to deal with waste is not to create it at all. 题目：What is the passage mainly about? A. The difficulty of recycling plastic bottles B. The history of plastic production C. How to turn plastic bottles into new products D. The benefits of using plastic bottles 答案：A。 解题思路：文章主体论述塑料瓶回收率低的两大原因（材质复杂、经济上不划算），末尾提出“从源头减量”。用高频词复现法可发现 recycling 贯穿全文，因此主旨是“回收塑料瓶的困难”。 干扰项分析：B 无中生有——全文未谈塑料生产的历史；C 以偏概全——文末“减少生产”恰恰反对依赖回收利用；D 正反颠倒——文章讲的是塑料瓶带来的问题而非好处。 （三）推理判断题 1. 概念界定与设问特征 推理判断题要求读者在理解字面信息的基础上，依据证据推断出“文中未明说但可以推出”的内容。典型设问：What can we infer / imply / suggest from ...?；We can conclude that ...；The author’s attitude toward ... is ...；The passage is probably taken from ...。 2. 四大推理类型 表4 四大推理类型及推理依据 推理类型 推理依据 典型设问 隐含细节推理 文中证据 + 生活逻辑推出的信息 What can we infer from ...? 观点态度推理 用词褒贬色彩、语气、举例倾向 The author’s attitude is ... 写作目的推断 语篇功能：告知、劝诫、呼吁、说明 The purpose of the passage is ... 文章出处推断 体裁特征与目标读者 The text is probably taken from ... 3. 推理的两条红线 一是基于原文证据：推理必须由文内信息推出，不能凭空发挥；二是控制推断幅度：正确项往往是原文信息的“再近一步”，推得过远、加上了原文支撑不了的内容即为过度推断。 4. 干扰项特征 （1）过度推断：超出文本能支撑的范围；（2）偷换概念：推理过程中悄悄替换关键概念；（3）照抄原文：直接引用原文句子——推理题的正确项一般不是原文原句；（4）常识替代：用生活常识或背景知识代替文本依据。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·记叙文节选）When Li Hua was 12, a car accident left him unable to walk. For two years he stayed at home, refusing to see most of his old friends. Then a neighbour invited him to a wheelchair basketball game. “At first I only watched,” he recalled. “But the players were laughing so hard that I couldn’t help joining.” Three years later, Li Hua is the captain of his city’s wheelchair basketball team and often visits hospitals to encourage newly injured patients. “The chair doesn’t define who I am,” he says. “It just changed the way I play.” 题目：What can we infer from the passage about Li Hua? A. He had lost hope completely after the accident. B. He was inspired by the joy of the players. C. He had played basketball before the accident. D. He refuses to meet his old friends now. 答案：B。 解题思路：由“the players were laughing so hard that I couldn’t help joining”可推出：是球员们的快乐感染了他，促使他加入（inspired by the joy）。这是典型的隐含细节推理，证据句明确。 干扰项分析：A 过度推断——原文只说两年不愿见朋友，未说“完全失去希望”，且后文发生了转变；C 无中生有——文中没有提到他受伤前是否打篮球；D 正反颠倒——拒绝见朋友是受伤后那两年的事，现在他常去医院鼓励新伤患者。 （四）词义猜测题 1. 三类设问 （1）猜单词：The underlined word “...” probably means ...；（2）猜短语：The underlined phrase ... is closest in meaning to ...；（3）猜指代：What does the underlined word “it / they / this” refer to?。 2. 六大猜测策略 表5 六大词义猜测策略 策略 识别信号 操作要点 定义解释法 is, means, that is; 破折号、括号、同位语 答案就藏在紧挨着的解释中 同义反义法 or, that is（同义）；but, however, while（反义） 找并列或对比的另一半 构词法 前缀、后缀、词根 拆词：如 bioluminescence→bio（生物）+ luminescence（发光） 逻辑关系法 because, so, therefore（因果）；and（并列） 由因果或并列的另一端推断 举例语境法 such as, for example, like 从例子归纳共同特征 常识经验法 生活背景与学科常识 结合语境合理联想，不能脱离文本 3. 指代题解题要领 向前就近找最近的名词或代词，遵循单复数一致原则，把找出的对象代入原句，检验语义是否通顺。注意代词 it/they/this 通常指代前文刚出现的事物，而不是后文。 4. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·说明文节选）Bioluminescence—the production of light by living organisms—is one of nature’s most fascinating wonders. Fireflies use it to attract mates, while some deep-sea fish use it to lure prey into their mouths. Recently, scientists have been studying how this phenomenon could inspire new lighting technologies that require no electricity. 题目：The underlined word “lure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. attack B. attract C. frighten D. observe 答案：B。 解题思路：第一句破折号后给出 bioluminescence 的定义（定义解释法）；前一句中 fireflies 用它 attract mates（吸引伴侣），lure 与 attract 形成同义复现；再结合“把猎物引到嘴边”的语境，答案锁定 attract。 干扰项分析：A、C、D 均与“引向嘴边”的语境不符——深海鱼发光是为了引诱猎物靠近，而不是攻击、吓唬或观察。 四、解题流程与策略 （一）解题总流程 无论哪种题型，都遵循同一条五步流程。熟练后，步骤之间无缝衔接，即可在 40 分钟内完成整套阅读。 图1 阅读理解解题总流程 要点提示：预览题干不是读选项，而是圈关键词、判题型；略读只需 1—2 分钟，抓首尾段与段首句；定位遵循题序原则；精读比对是得分关键；复查时重点盯住推理题与带 NOT / EXCEPT 的细节题。 （二）三种阅读方法 表8 略读、扫读与精读的适用场景 方法 任务 单篇用时 适用 略读 skimming 把握主旨、结构、观点走向 1—2 分钟 主旨题、整体判断 扫读 scanning 快速查找特定信息 秒级定位 细节题关键词定位 精读 close reading 逐句理解难点句、证据句 按需使用 推理、词义、长难句 （三）时间分配建议 表9 40 分钟阅读时间分配方案 板块 建议用时 说明 A 篇（应用文） 5 分钟 扫读为主，直接按题干回文 B 篇（记叙文） 8 分钟 理清时间线与情感线 C 篇（说明文） 9 分钟 理清结构层次与结论句 D 篇（说明/议论文） 10 分钟 难点句可先跳过，最后回读 七选五 8 分钟 先读首尾段，再逐空匹配线索 说明：若单篇超时，先标记跳过，保住整体节奏；完成全部题目后如有富余时间，再回攻难题。 （四）长难句拆分四步法 第一步找谓语：定位主句谓语动词，判断句子有几个分句；第二步去修饰：暂时剔除从句、插入语和非谓语短语；第三步划主干：抽出主谓宾（表）；第四步译全句：先译主干，再逐层添上修饰成分。 例句：Scientists who study the human brain have found that the memories we form during sleep, when the brain replays the day’s events at high speed, are often stronger than those formed while we are awake. 拆解：主句谓语为 have found；who study the human brain 是定语从句修饰 Scientists；that 引导宾语从句，其主语 the memories 后接定语从句 we form during sleep，中间插入时间状语从句 when the brain replays ...；主干为 Scientists have found that the memories are often stronger than those。全句译为：研究人脑的科学家发现，我们在睡眠中形成的记忆——睡眠时大脑会高速回放白天发生的事情——往往比清醒时形成的记忆更牢固。 （五）高频逻辑信号词 表10 常见逻辑关系与信号词 逻辑关系 信号词（高频） 转折 however, but, yet, while, whereas, nevertheless 因果 because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, as a result, lead to 让步 although, though, even though, despite, in spite of 举例 for example, for instance, such as, like 递进 moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more 总结 in conclusion, in short, to sum up, in a word, overall 对比 on the contrary, in contrast, compared with, rather than 用法提示：转折与让步信号词后常接作者真实观点（主旨题、推理题的重要线索）；因果信号词帮助判断细节题中“原因/结果”的对应；七选五中信号词是最直接的衔接线索。 （六）错题归因与整理 表11 五类错因与对应对策 错因 表现 对策 词汇障碍 关键句生词多、熟词生义不认识 建立真题高频词汇本，重点整理熟词生义 长难句障碍 句子结构理不清、读不懂 每天按四步法拆解 3 句长难句 定位失误 找错信息句、答非所问 训练题干关键词圈画与题序定位 推理过度 想得太多、脱离文本 默念“证据在哪”，只往前推一步 粗心失分 看漏 NOT / EXCEPT，选成相反项 圈画题干否定词，完卷后复查细节题 语篇一（说明文） Getting a good night’s sleep does more than refresh the body—it also helps the brain organise what we have learned. Scientists have long known that memories are not fixed at the moment we experience something. Instead, they are processed and strengthened while we sleep, a process known as consolidation. In a study at a German university, researchers asked volunteers to learn a set of new words in the evening. Half of them slept normally, while the other half stayed awake all night. The next morning, both groups were tested on the words. Those who had slept remembered nearly 20 percent more words than those who had not. Brain scans showed that during deep sleep, the volunteers’ brains “replayed” the new words at high speed, moving them from a temporary storage area to a more permanent one. Interestingly, the quality of sleep matters as much as the quantity. Studies suggest that interrupted sleep—even if the total time is the same—seriously weakens the effect. This is why experts advise students to keep a regular sleep schedule, especially before exams. Pulling an all-nighter may feel productive at the moment, but the memories formed in a tired brain are less likely to survive the night. So next time you stay up late to review, remember: your brain does its best revision while you are asleep. 1. What does the underlined word “consolidation” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The process of making memories stronger and more stable. B. The process of forgetting unimportant information. C. The process of learning something new very quickly. D. The process of passing information between people. 2. In the German study, volunteers who slept ______. A. remembered about 20% more words than those who stayed awake B. learned the new words much faster than the other group C. forgot most of the words they had learned D. were tested while they were still asleep 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. An all-nighter is the best way to prepare for exams. B. Interrupted sleep has little effect on memory. C. A regular sleep schedule helps keep memories strong. D. Deep sleep prevents the brain from forming new memories. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The relationship between sleep and memory. B. The importance of exams for students. C. The dangers of staying up late. D. The way the brain works during the day. 语篇二（议论文） Reading has never been easier than it is today. With a smartphone in hand, we can open a book, a news article or a long report in seconds. Yet many people complain that they can no longer read as deeply as they used to. Why? Part of the answer lies in the way digital reading trains our brains. When we scroll through social media, we are used to short pieces of information and constant change. Our attention is trained to jump from one item to the next. When we open a long article, the brain tends to skim rather than truly concentrate, skipping sentences that require slow, careful thought. Another reason is the constant interruption. A notification, a message or an advertisement can break our focus at any moment. Research shows that it takes, on average, more than 20 minutes to return to deep concentration after an interruption. Reading a difficult book with a phone beside us is therefore like trying to build a sandcastle in a storm. The good news is that our reading habits can be retrained. Psychologists suggest setting aside a fixed time for reading each day, turning off all notifications, and starting with short but demanding texts—a poem, a page of philosophy—before moving to longer books. The key is to treat deep reading as a skill that needs daily practice, just like playing an instrument. In a world designed to capture our attention, the ability to read deeply is not a luxury but a necessary skill. It protects our ability to think carefully, to question and to imagine—qualities that no app can offer. 1. According to the passage, why do people find it hard to read deeply? A. Because digital reading makes the brain used to jumping between short items. B. Because smartphones are too heavy to hold for a long time. C. Because long articles are becoming fewer and fewer. D. Because people prefer poems to novels. 2. What does the underlined word “interruption” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Something that keeps breaking our attention. B. Something that helps us concentrate. C. Something that we enjoy reading. D. Something that makes reading faster. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Reading habits can be changed through practice. B. Social media is the main cause of all reading problems. C. Deep reading is unnecessary in the digital age. D. Phones should be banned in schools. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards deep reading? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 【答案与解析】 答案：语篇一：1.A　2.A　3.C　4.A；语篇二：1.A　2.A　3.A　4.A。 语篇一第 1 题（词义猜测）：A。第一段对 consolidation 直接给出定义——记忆“被加工并被强化”（“processed and strengthened”）的过程，即“使记忆更强、更稳定”，属定义解释法。 语篇一第 2 题（细节理解）：A。原文 Those who had slept remembered nearly 20 percent more words than those who had not，选项 A 为同义替换。B 偷换概念（实验比的是记忆量而非学习速度）；C 正反颠倒；D 无中生有（测试在次日早晨进行）。 语篇一第 3 题（推理判断）：C。由专家建议“保持规律作息”（keep a regular sleep schedule）可推出：规律睡眠有助于维持记忆。A 与原文“熬夜复习看似高效实则不利”相反；B 与“睡眠质量受损严重影响效果”相反；D 与“深睡恰恰是记忆被强化之时”相反。 语篇一第 4 题（主旨大意）：A。全文围绕“睡眠如何帮助大脑巩固记忆”展开，首段点题、末段收束，高频词 sleep 与 memory 复现。B、C 均为文中的局部细节，D 偏离主题。 语篇二第 1 题（细节理解）：A。第二段明确给出原因——数字阅读让大脑习惯于在短信息之间跳跃，注意力被训练成“跳来跳去”。B、C、D 均为无中生有。 语篇二第 2 题（词义猜测）：A。interruption 前后语境是“通知、消息、广告随时打断我们的专注”，即“不断打断注意力的事物”。B 与语境相反，C、D 无中生有。 语篇二第 3 题（推理判断）：A。第四段提出“阅读习惯可以被重新训练”（can be retrained），并建议“每天练习”，据此可推出习惯可通过练习改变。B 范围过大（社交媒体并非所有问题的根源）；C 与末段“必要技能”相反；D 无中生有（文中未讨论禁手机）。 语篇二第 4 题（观点态度）：A。末段称深度阅读“不是奢侈品而是必要技能”（not a luxury but a necessary skill），用词褒义，态度明确积极。B、C、D 均与文本不符。 【语篇二深度精读】 1. 参考译文 阅读从来没有像今天这样容易。手机在手，几秒钟就能打开一本书、一篇新闻或一份长篇报告。然而许多人抱怨，自己再也无法像过去那样深入阅读了。为什么呢？ 部分答案在于数字阅读对大脑的训练方式。刷社交媒体时，我们习惯了碎片信息和不断变化，注意力被训练成从一个条目跳到下一个。打开长文章时，大脑倾向于略读而非真正集中，跳过那些需要缓慢、仔细思考的句子。 另一个原因是持续不断的打断。一条通知、一条消息或一则广告随时都能打破我们的专注。研究表明，一次打断后，平均需要 20 多分钟才能恢复深度专注。把手机放在身边读一本难书，就像在暴风雨中堆沙堡。 好消息是，阅读习惯可以重新训练。心理学家建议每天留出固定阅读时间、关闭所有通知，先从简短而有难度的文本（一首诗、一页哲学）读起，再过渡到更长的书。关键在于把深度阅读当作一项需要每日练习的技能，就像练习乐器一样。 在一个以吸引我们注意力为设计目标的世界里，深度阅读的能力不是奢侈品，而是必要技能。它保护我们仔细思考、质疑和想象的能力——这些品质是任何应用程序都无法提供的。 2. 长难句分析 句一：When we scroll through social media, we are used to short pieces of information and constant change.（时间状语从句 + 主句）主干为 we are used to ...，译为：当我们刷社交媒体时，已习惯于碎片化的信息和不断的变化。 句二：In a world designed to capture our attention, the ability to read deeply is not a luxury but a necessary skill.（过去分词短语作后置定语 + not ... but ... 并列结构）主干为 the ability is not a luxury but a necessary skill，译为：在一个以吸引注意力为设计目标的世界里，深度阅读的能力不是奢侈品，而是必要的技能。 3. 重难词汇梳理 scroll through 滚动浏览；be used to + n. 习惯于（区别于 used to do 过去常常）；constant 不断的、持续的；skim 略读；interruption 打断；notification 通知；set aside 留出；demanding 费力的、要求高的；capture 吸引、捕获；luxury 奢侈品、奢侈（此处为名词作表语）。 1 Making my way slowly along the cliff (悬崖) face, I gazed (注视) at the great appearance of each temple I passed. As I entered the first cave and looked up at the feitian—an imagined flying god in Buddhist art, I wondered how many hundreds of thousands of others, from near and far, have looked at the same great paintings and statues. Sometime between the 4th and 14th century, Mogao was an important Buddhist center connecting East Asia and South Asia. Hundreds of caves were carved into a cliff face running along the Daquan River. Located on the ancient Silk Road, one of the great trade routes in ancient times, it created an environment of artistic and cultural exchange between the different cultures. My personal adventure to Dunhuang had taken me, by way of train and bus, from Xining in Qinghai Province to Lanzhou in Gansu Province, and through the Jiayu Pass. From there, I continued on through Yumen Pass, also known as the Jade Gate, and crossed the Gobi Desert to find this small and sleepy desert town, and to see these caves for myself. As I explored the temples,I was amazed by the vividness (生动性) of the paintings and statues. It was almost as though they were painted or carved the day before. I had discovered the reason why people travel. There are more than 2,000 coloured statues that were carved 1,500 years ago. More than 1,400statues are well-protected so they can still be appreciated. During the thousand years of artistic activity,the style of the wall paintings and statues changed. The early caves show greater Indian and Western influences,while during the Tang Dynasty the influences of Chinese painting styles became noticeable. Today, the Mogao Caves stand out from the desert like a shinning pearl on the Silk Road. 1．What do we know about Mogao? A．It was a Buddhist center in West Asia. B．It can be easily reached by train and bus. C．It has carved caves on Daquan Mountains. D．It was the meeting point for different cultures. 2．Which is the writer's travelling route (路线) according to paragraph 3? A．B． C．D． 3．What made the writer amazed? A．The well-protected temples. B．The large number of tourists. C．The preserved coloured statues. D．Some paintings made not long ago. 4．Which of the following best describes the wall paintings and statues? A．Highly developed. B．Plain. C．Culturally mixed. D．Noticeable. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要通过作者的经历介绍了丝绸之路上的一颗明珠——莫高窟。 1．细节理解题。由第二段“Located on the ancient Silk Road, one of the great trade routes in ancient times, it created an environment of artistic and cultural exchange between the different cultures.”(它地处古丝绸之路，是古代重要的贸易路线之一，创造了不同文化之间艺术和文化交流的环境。)可知，莫高窟融合了不同的文化。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。由第三段“My personal adventure to Dunhuang had taken me, by way of train and bus, from Xining in Qinghai Province to Lanzhou in Gansu Province, and through the Jiayu Pass. From there, I continued on through Yumen Pass, also known as the Jade Gate, and crossed the Gobi Desert to find this small and sleepy desert town, and to see these caves for myself.”(我个人到敦煌的冒险经历带我乘坐火车和公共汽车，从青海省的西宁到甘肃省的兰州，并通过嘉峪关。从那里，我继续穿过玉门关，也被称为玉门，越过戈壁沙漠，找到这个沉睡的小沙漠小镇，并亲眼看看这些洞穴。)可知，作者的路线是西宁→兰州→嘉峪关→玉门关→敦煌。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。由第四段“As I explored the temples, I was amazed by the vividness (生动性) of the paintings and statues.”(当我探索这座寺庙时，我被这些画作的栩栩如生所震撼。)可知，保存完好的彩色雕像让作者很惊讶。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由第五段“The early caves show greater Indian and Western influences, while during the Tang Dynasty the influences of Chinese painting styles became noticeable.(早期的洞穴显示出较大的印度和西方影响，而在唐代，中国绘画风格的影响变得明显。)可知，壁画和雕塑融合了不同的文化。故选C项。 2 A traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be effective at reducing complications following a heart attack after a large-scale, clinical trial. The medicine, known as tongxinluo, is made of extracts derived from seven herbs and various animals. The compound, whose name means “to open the network of the heart,” has long been used as a traditional Chinese treatment for patients who have had heart attacks and／or strokes (中风).Based on promising results in cellular (细胞的) and animal models， the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. The latest study, which has been published in JAMA, represents one of the first times that a traditional Chinese medicine has been tested in a large-scale, Western-style clinical trial. The authors of the study, who include researchers from several Chinese universities and hospitals, in collaboration with experts from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center-found that tongxinluo reduced the risk of heart attacks (known as myocardial infarctions), deaths and other major cardiovascular complications for at least a year after a first heart attack. Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. The study involved 3,777 patients at 124 clinical centers in China who had suffered the most severe form of heart attack-known as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI. Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. “Thus the findings may not be generalizable throughout the world or to women,” he said. “Furthermore, the patients were less frequently-compared to the United States, for example-treated with traditional proven medicine after their myocardial infarctions. Therefore, the effect of the Chinese medicine may have been enlarged, by the lack of patient exposure to proven therapies. Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. 5．Why did the Chinese authority approve the use of tongxinluo? A．Because it is made of the essence from seven herbs and animals. B．Because it has already been used in traditional Chinese medicine. C．Because it has been published in Western-style journals and magazines. D．Because it has had effective results in treating patients with heart attacks and strokes. 6．What was the limitation of the study? A．The authors have only worked with one university. B．The research subjects are mainly Chinese male. C．The American patients used the unproved medicine. D．The expert Matthew Saybolt did not participate in the study. 7．What is Saybolt’s attitude towards the study? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Improvements of the study. B．Weaknesses of the study. C．Results of the study. D．Benefits of the study. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中药“通心络”的相关内容。该药已被中国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗中风和心绞痛，最近的一项研究发现它还可以降低心脏病发作后的死亡和其他主要心血管并发症的风险，但这项研究也存在一些局限性。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Based on promising results in cellular(细胞的)and animal models, the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. (基于在细胞和动物模型上的有希望的结果，中国国家食品药品监督管理局于 1996 年批准其用于治疗中风和心绞痛——一种以反复发作的胸痛为特征的心脏病。)”可知，中国当局批准使用通心络是因为它在治疗中风和心绞痛方面有显著效果。故选 D。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段“Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. (Saybolt 说，他还观察到这项研究进行方式的一些弱点，其中之一是参与者完全是中国公民，而且主要是男性。)”可知，这项研究的局限性之一是参与者主要是中国男性。故选 B。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. (哈肯萨克子午线泽西海岸大学医学中心的心脏病专家马修·萨博尔特（Matthew Saybolt）没有参与最新的研究，他在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示，在审查了这篇论文后，他发现最新的研究“很有说服力”。“我不知道还有其他类似的研究中药的大型、运行良好的试验。这是一种很少进行的研究类型，我祝贺作者们的工作和在如此有声望的医学杂志上发表。”)”可知，Saybolt 对这项研究的评价是积极的，他认为这是一项罕见的研究，并祝贺作者在如此有声望的医学杂志上发表。由此推知，Saybolt 对这项研究的态度是客观的。故选 A。 8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. (需要进一步的研究来解决这些问题，并且在这种治疗方法得到美国食品和药物管理局的批准之前，需要在其他人群中复制这项研究中显示的益处。)”可知，最后一段主要是关于这项研究的改进方向。故选 A。 训练 1 Which book you should read based on your next travel destination Haruki Murakami’s “1Q84” is a dystopian adventure that’s perfect for the plane ride to Japan. Famed Japanese author Haruki Murakami creates an alternate 1984 called 1Q84 where nothing feels right and everything is slightly different. Set in Tokyo, Japan, this dystopian, mystery-filled fantasy novel is sure to keep your captivated during your trip. Bring “One Hundred Years of Solitude” to read in South America. A significant work of literature, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s classic follows generations of the Buendia family as they live in their South-American town. Garcia Marquez’s magical realism paired with his lush descriptions makes the book a perfect read for visiting some of the breathtaking sights of South America. Consider picking up “The Great Gatsby” if you’re going to The Hamptons in New York. Although the “West Egg” and “East Egg” in the classic novel more greatly resemble the Great-Neck and Port-Washington peninsulas (半岛) on Long Island, F. Scott Fitzgerald is believed to have been inspired by the Hamptons when crafting this book. Set in the Jazz Age, the book’s decadence, hot summers, and longing for past lovers make it a great companion for pool hopping, charcuterie eating, and luxury shopping in The Hamptons. As you’re travelling around Amsterdam, read “The Fault in Our Stars”. Previously adapted into a film in 2014, John Green’s story of star-crossed teenagers famously includes a trip to Amsterdam. The Anne Frank House and The Rijksmuseum are two of many major destinations mentioned in the book. Plus, the bench from the film adaptation of this novel has ever become its own tourist spot. 1．If you are into parallel existence and you are full of imagination, which book would you like to pick up? A．The Fault in Our Stars. B．One Hundred Years of Solitude. C．1Q84. D．The Great Gatsby. 2．Which one of the followings is NOT true? A．Generations of the Buentia family live in their South-American town. B．One Hundred Years of Solitude is a book mainly about sights of South America. C．“West Egg” and “East Egg” are both place names. D．The Great Gatsby is written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. 3．An excerpt from the book: One might marvel at the insanity (疯狂) of the situation: A mother sends her16-year-old daughter alone with a 17-year old boy out into a foreign city. According to the introduction mentioned above, which city is probably this foreign city? A．Tokyo. B．New York. C．Amsterdam. D．Sao Paulo. 2 I’ve always taken pride in being organized. But my daughter Lizzie’s graduation week proved otherwise. Between my end-of-the-year teaching responsibilities and preparing for her graduation ceremony, my home fell into total disorganization. Each time I rushed out of the door, I whispered to myself: No one will ever know. I’ll fix it tomorrow. Before heading to the graduation ceremony, I glanced back at the clutter and persuaded myself again. At 3:00 am, exhausted but happy, we finally drove home. A security car sped past. My son Adam stood outside our front door, looking worried. “I called the security car,” he explained. “When I came home, the place seemed broken into.” My husband, still catching his breath, immediately asked how long the security staff had stayed to check the house, and Adam replied that they had spent around half an hour conducting a full inspection. Later, I learned that the security team had gone through every inch of our messy house. At that moment, I could picture the security guards driving away, shaking their heads. I can’t imagine living like that: Food everywhere. Clothes thrown all over. The whole scene like a hoarder (囤积癖) situation. My face burned. All the weekend, I had comforted myself with the lie that my chaos was private. But here was the truth: Disorder has a way of revealing itself. The people who saw my mess weren’t judging a busy mother — they were judging a life they assumed was always out of control. Walking upstairs at last, I whispered to myself: Why did I think no one would ever know? That night taught me something deeper. The messes we try to hide — whether in our homes or our hearts — always find a way of being seen. The true inner peace doesn’t come from hiding them perfectly, but from letting others understand the full picture of who we truly are. 4．What does the underlined word “clutter” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．A shortage of budget. B．A pile of papers. C．A collection of valuables. D．A state of disorder. 5．Why did Adam call the security car? A．He found the door was left unlocked. B．He suspected something was wrong. C．He noticed some expensive items missing. D．He wanted to get the furniture removed. 6．How did the author probably feel before going upstairs? A．Relieved. B．Amused. C．Embarrassed. D．Confused. 7．What does the author’s experience show? A．Perfection is not beyond reach. B．It’s never too late to fix a mistake. C．True comfort lies in accepting our real selves. D．Keeping organized is vital to maintaining self-image. 3 Say you’re at a party. Some exchanges are quite pleasant, while others are exhausting. Then you meet someone with whom you instantly connect. The conversation feels effortless. The mystery behind why we click with some people but not others has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Research shows that when we socialize, we not only mirror each other’s behaviors but also sync (同步) our physical states and even brain patterns. Neuroscientists call this “interpersonal synchrony.” You can think of it as an unconscious signal that helps us understand whether someone is a friend or not. So what should we make of all this? We should probably give ourselves a break if we cannot claim to like everyone we meet. “If I’m syncing with you, I can understand and respond to you more easily,” says Dr. Oliver Wilder, a researcher at MIT’s Affective Computing Group. “When we are out of sync,” he says, “the brain has to work harder to correct its predictions.” That is why, when you do click with someone, the connection is so special that it deserves your attention and care. However, synchrony can also become too much — such as when your friend’s stress makes you stressed, and you both become increasingly upset until a big argument breaks out. The key in such situations is to become aware that you may be unconsciously mirroring the other person’s emotions. Once you notice it, simple actions such as deepening your breathing, changing your posture and relaxing your facial muscles can gradually change the rhythm of the interaction, often encouraging the other person to calm down as well. “It’s your natural human tendency to sync with someone else,” says Dr. Richard Palumbo, a Synchrony researcher. “What’s not so natural is being aware of it.” Sometimes we need to disconnect to adjust ourselves and stay true to who we are. But the relationships that last are still the ones where you are in sync more than you are not — and learning to go with this natural rhythm is what matters. 8．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain the cause of social exhaustion. B．To introduce the topic with a familiar scene. C．To compare two types of party conversations. D．To show how scientists study social behavior. 9．What does “interpersonal synchrony” refer to? A．A signal that helps us adapt to new friends. B．An ability only seen among close friends. C．A tendency to copy others’ words and gestures. D．A state of matching others’ inner and outer states. 10．How will our brain react when it is not in sync with others? A．It needs more effort to understand others. B．It gives up related predictions fast. C．It immediately ignores others’ signals. D．It changes our physical states quickly. 11．What conclusion can we draw from the passage? A．Social harmony depends on shared interests. B．Stressful friends should be kept at a distance. C．Synchrony is natural but needs our awareness. D．Lasting friendships require constant synchrony. 4 Kindness is typically understood as actions intended to benefit others at some cost to oneself. Research reveals that while genetic factors play a minor role in shaping these prosocial (亲社会的) habits, individual differences in kindness largely come from children’s everyday experiences outside the home environment. School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs aim to provide these crucial experiences, and a growing body of evidence shows they effectively boost prosocial behavior, emotional well-being, and academic performance among young learners. Building on this foundation, researchers developed Learn Kind, an eight-part program specifically designed for students in grades K-8. Rather than simply telling children to “be nice”, the program treats kindness as an object of scientific inquiry. Students are invited to act as “student scientists”, discovering for themselves how compassionate (有同情心的) actions work. Through engaging classroom activities, they perform real-world acts of kindness and directly test hypotheses (假设), such as whether helping others increases personal happiness over time. To evaluate the program, 50 teachers, who reported on more than 1,000 students, participated in a randomized controlled trial. Half of the classes were randomly assigned to teach Learn Kind during the fall term, while the remaining classes served as a waitlist control group. Teachers systematically rated students across various dimensions, including kindness grades, prosocial behavior, emotional management, classroom focus, and academic progress in mathematics and reading. The findings were rather striking. Students in the Learn Kind group improved by roughly one full letter grade in kindness, moving from a C to a B average. They also showed enhanced focus, better peer relationships, and higher test scores. A follow-up assessment conducted three months later revealed that these positive gains largely remained over time. These promising results suggest that kindness is not merely an inborn characteristic, but a skill that can be acquired through structured experience. Researchers hope to expand Learn Kind into a “virtual laboratory”, integrating additional virtues like honesty and gratitude to help children develop into kinder, happier individuals. 12．How does Learn Kind develop kindness in students? A．By lecturing on moral standards. B．By setting prosocial examples. C．By rewarding sympathetic behavior. D．By guiding scientific exploration. 13．What is the purpose of a randomized controlled trial? A．To meet students’ demands. B．To record students’ daily acts of kindness. C．To test the effectiveness of the course. D．To select the most compassionate children. 14．What can be inferred about the Learn Kind group? A．They gained brief mental sharpness. B．They preferred learning within school settings. C．They acquired complicated research techniques. D．They made measurable advances in multiple areas. 15．What does the research prove about kindness? A．It is a trainable quality. B．It calls for collective efforts. C．It is genetically determined. D．It dominates individual happiness. 5 For people living with dementia (痴呆), daily activities gradually grow mentally challenging. They may struggle to dress themselves, manage household chores or follow familiar schedules, losing independence and self-confidence over time. Fortunately, newly-developed AI glasses tailored for dementia sufferers offer a promising future. Scheduled for official launch in the UK in 2027, this pioneering device has produced encouraging results in trials and won wide recognition from users and specialists. Created by CrossSense, the AI glasses contain an inbuilt smart assistant named “Wispy”. It identifies everyday objects and sends timely voice reminders to wearers. The assistant adapts flexibly to individual lifestyles and progressive disease changes. When patients lose track of routine steps, Wispy guides them gently to restore their confidence in daily activities. Engineered for everyday use, the glasses help users with tasks including dressing, housekeeping, drink preparation and family communication. Capable of working with prescription lenses (处方镜片) and hearing aids, it enjoys high practicality for long-term daily use. Weighing under 3 ounces, the device sits lightly on the wearer. Its internal battery runs for one hour, and a matched portable power bank supports all-day outdoor and indoor use. In trial assessments, three-quarters of participants saw marked improvements in life quality. The invention claimed the Longitude Prize on Dementia, an honored award backed by the Alzheimer’s Society and Innovate UK, for its creative and practical value. Among the participants is 70-year-old London resident Carole Grieg, founder of the ForgetMeNots dementia support group. Impressed by the glasses’ ability to preserve users’ independence, Carole commented, “I think it is an excellent concept, with the possibility to provide real, reliable support for people like me.” Carole’s viewpoint resonates (引起共鸣) widely. “For many of us, our world slowly shrinks as the condition advances. Innovations like this bring genuine hope, and I know I will rely on them as my own circumstances shift.” 16．What does paragraph 1 say about the glasses? A．They are aimed at making life easier. B．They are available now for purchase. C．They help treat vision-related conditions. D．They demonstrate UK’s tech development. 17．Which is a feature of Wispy? A．It collects users’ activity data. B．It offers customized guidance. C．It slows the progress of dementia. D．It provides professional medical advice. 18．What can we know about Carole? A．She is the developer of the device. B．She sees the potential of the device. C．She is far from satisfied with the device. D．She owes her survival to the device. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tech Innovation Brings New Hope B．A Cure for Dementia Is Discovered C．Challenges Faced by Dementia Sufferers D．A Designer Behind Pioneering AI Glasses 参考答案 1 1．C 2．B 3．C 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本前往旅行目的地时可以阅读的文学作品。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Famed Japanese author Haruki Murakami creates an alternate 1984 called 1Q84 where nothing feels right and everything is slightly different. Set in Tokyo, Japan, this dystopian, mystery-filled fantasy novel is sure to keep your captivated during your trip. (日本著名作家村上春树创造了另一个1984，名为1Q84，在那里一切都感觉不对劲，一切都略有不同。以日本东京为背景，这本反乌托邦、充满神秘的奇幻小说一定会让你在旅途中着迷)”可知，《1Q84》这本书涉及平行存在，充满神秘，因此适合对平行存在感兴趣、充满想象力的读者。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A significant work of literature, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s classic follows generations of the Buendia family as they live in their South-American town. (作为一部重要的文学作品，加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯的经典作品讲述了布恩迪亚家族几代人在南美小镇上的生活)”和第三段中“Although the “West Egg” and “East Egg” in the classic novel more greatly resemble the Great-Neck and Port-Washington peninsulas (半岛) on Long Island, F. Scott Fitzgerald is believed to have been inspired by the Hamptons when crafting this book. (虽然经典小说中的“West Egg”和“East Egg”更像长岛的大颈和华盛顿港半岛，但人们认为，弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德在创作这本书时受到了汉普顿斯的启发)”可知，布恩迪亚家族家族几代人都住在他们的南美小镇上，“West Egg”和“East Egg”都是地名，《了不起的盖茨比》是弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德写的，A、C、D与文意相符。根据第二段中“Garcia Marquez’s magical realism paired with his lush descriptions makes the book a perfect read for visiting some of the breathtaking sights of South America. (加西亚·马尔克斯的魔幻现实主义与他丰富的描写相结合，使这本书成为参观南美洲一些令人惊叹的景点的完美读物)”可知，B项“《百年孤独》是一本主要描写南美洲风景的书”与文意不符。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Previously adapted into a film in 2014, John Green’s story of star-crossed teenagers famously includes a trip to Amsterdam. (约翰·格林的故事曾于2014年被改编成电影，讲述了一群命运多舛的青少年，其中有一段著名的阿姆斯特丹之旅)”可知，《无比美妙的痛苦》这本书中包含青少年前往阿姆斯特丹的故事，再结合题干中“有人可能会对这种疯狂的情况感到惊讶：一位母亲把她16岁的女儿和一个17岁的男孩单独送到一个外国城市”的摘要可知，该摘要出自《无比美妙的痛苦》这本书，这座外国城市是阿姆斯特丹。故选C项。 2 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．C 【解析】这篇文章主要讲述了作者本以有条理为荣，因忙碌家中变得杂乱。儿子误以为遭入室盗窃叫来安保，混乱被人看见。这件事让她领悟，应接纳并展现真实的自己。 4．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Between my end-of-the-year teaching responsibilities and preparing for her graduation ceremony, my home fell into total disorganization.( 在年底教学任务和准备她毕业典礼之间，我的家彻底乱成一团。)”以及后文反复出现的“messy house”、“chaos”、“disorder”等对应表达，可知，前文交代家里因为忙碌变得一团糟，第二段作者出发前回头看了一眼家里的clutter，再次自我安慰。由此可推断clutter指代“杂乱、混乱的状态”，与D项A state of disorder“一种混乱的状态”含义一致。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中““I called the security car,” he explained. “When I came home, the place seemed broken into.”(“我叫了安保车，”他解释道，“我回到家时，房子好像被人闯入了。”)”可知，亚当回家后觉得家里看起来像是被人破门而入了，也就是怀疑家里出了状况、不对劲，所以叫了安保车。 6．推理判断题。根据第六段中“My face burned. All the weekend, I had comforted myself with the lie that my chaos was private.( 我的脸瞬间发烫。整个周末，我都用“我的混乱是私事”的谎言安慰自己。)”可知，作者一直以为家里的混乱只有自己知道，结果安保人员彻底检查了乱糟糟的房子，她想到对方会怎么看待自己，脸都发烫了，可见她当时非常尴尬。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The true inner peace doesn’t come from hiding them perfectly, but from letting others understand the full picture of who we truly are.(真正的内心平静并非来自完美地隐藏它们，而是让他人了解我们最真实的完整面貌。)”可知，作者通过这件事领悟到：我们试图隐藏的混乱总会暴露，真正的内心平静不是完美掩饰，而是接纳完整真实的自己，也让别人看见真实的我们。 3 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 【解析】本文主要介绍的是人际同步现象，解释了人与人社交时一拍即合或相处费力背后的原理，说明人际同步是人的本能，但需要我们主动觉察，学会合理运用它来维系人际关系。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Say you’re at a party. Some exchanges are quite pleasant, while others are exhausting. Then you meet someone with whom you instantly connect. The conversation feels effortless.(设想你正在一场派对上。有些交流十分愉快，而另一些却让人疲惫不堪。这时你遇到一个人，和他一见如故，交谈毫不费力。)”和第二段“Research shows that when we socialize, we not only mirror each other’s behaviors but also sync (同步) our physical states and even brain patterns. Neuroscientists call this “interpersonal synchrony.”(研究表明，我们社交时，不仅会模仿彼此的行为，还会同步身体状态，甚至大脑活动模式。神经科学家称之为“人际同步”。)”可知，第一段用派对这个熟悉场景，引出“人际同步” 的话题。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Research shows that when we socialize, we not only mirror each other’s behaviors but also sync (同步) our physical states and even brain patterns. Neuroscientists call this “interpersonal synchrony.”(研究表明，我们社交时，不仅会模仿彼此的行为，还会同步身体状态，甚至大脑活动模式。神经科学家称之为“人际同步”。)”可知，“人际同步”指的是行为、身体状态、大脑模式（外在+内在）和别人匹配。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段““When we are out of sync,” he says, “the brain has to work harder to correct its predictions.”(“当我们不同步时”，他说，“大脑就要耗费更多精力，去修正预判。”)”可知，当我们的大脑与他人不同步时，会耗费更多精力理解对方。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““It’s your natural human tendency to sync with someone else,” says Dr. Richard Palumbo, a Synchrony researcher. “What’s not so natural is being aware of it.”(同步研究学者理查德・帕伦博博士说：“与他人保持同步是人类与生俱来的本能。但觉察到这种同步，却并非本能。”)”可知，同步是人的本能，但需要我们主动觉察。 4 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．A 【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了Learn Kind课程，以科学探究方式培养学生善心。实验证实它能在多方面提升学生，证明善良是可后天习得的能力。 12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Rather than simply telling children to “be nice”, the program treats kindness as an object of scientific inquiry. Students are invited to act as “student scientists”, discovering for themselves how compassionate (有同情心的) actions work.( 该课程并非简单地告诉孩子们“要友善”，而是将善良视为一个科学探究的对象。学生们被鼓励扮演“学生科学家”，亲自探索富有同情心的行为是如何发挥作用的。)”可知，Learn Kind通过引导科学探索来培养学生善良品质。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To evaluate the program, 50 teachers, who reported on more than 1,000 students, participated in a randomized controlled trial.( 为了评估该计划，共有50名教师参与了一项随机对照试验，他们提交了1000多名学生的相关情况报告。)”以及“Teachers systematically rated students across various dimensions, including kindness grades, prosocial behavior, emotional management, classroom focus, and academic progress in mathematics and reading.( 教师们对学生们在多个维度上进行了系统性评分，包括友善程度、亲社会行为、情绪管理、课堂专注力以及数学和阅读方面的学业进步。)”可知，随机对照试验的目的是测试课程的有效性。 14．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Students in the Learn Kind group improved by roughly one full letter grade in kindness, moving from a C to a B average. They also showed enhanced focus, better peer relationships, and higher test scores.( 学习善良组的学生在善良方面的平均得分从C提高到B，大约提高了整整一个字母评分等级。此外，他们的专注力得到提升，同伴关系更融洽，考试成绩也更高。)”可知，关于“Learn Kind”小组可以推断出他们在多个领域取得了可衡量的进步。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These promising results suggest that kindness is not merely an inborn characteristic, but a skill that can be acquired through structured experience.( 这些鼓舞人心的结果表明，友善并非与生俱来的特质，而是一种可以通过有结构的经验习得的技能。)”可知，研究证明善良并非天生特质，而是可以通过结构化训练获得的技能。 5 16．A 17．B 18．B 19．A 【解析】本文主要介绍一款面向痴呆症患者的 AI 智能眼镜，介绍它的功能、产品优势、试验效果以及使用者的正面评价。 16．细节理解题。 根据第一段“For people living with dementia (痴呆), daily activities gradually grow mentally challenging. They may struggle to dress themselves, manage household chores or follow familiar schedules, losing independence and self-confidence over time. Fortunately, newly-developed AI glasses tailored for dementia sufferers offer a promising future.(对于痴呆症患者而言，日常活动会渐渐变得困难。他们可能难以自行穿衣、做家务或者遵循熟悉的日常安排，久而久之丧失生活自理能力与自信心。幸运的是，一款专为痴呆症患者研发的新型 AI 眼镜前景广阔。)”可知，痴呆症患者在日常生活中面临穿衣、做家务等诸多挑战，而这款为他们量身定制的AI眼镜能帮助他们应对这些困难，提供一个充满希望的未来。这表明该眼镜的目的是为了让患者的生活变得更轻松。 17．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The assistant adapts flexibly to individual lifestyles and progressive disease changes. When patients lose track of routine steps, Wispy guides them gently to restore their confidence in daily activities.(该助手能够灵活适配个人生活方式以及不断发展的病情。当患者忘记日常步骤时，Wispy 会温和地引导他们，帮助重拾日常活动的信心。)”可知，Wispy能够根据用户个人的具体情况和病情提供针对性的引导，即提供定制化的指导。 18．推理判断题。 根据第五段Carole的评价“I think it is an excellent concept, with the possibility to provide real, reliable support for people like me.(我认为这个想法很棒，有望为像我一样的人提供真实可靠的帮助。)”和最后一段“Innovations like this bring genuine hope, and I know I will rely on them as my own circumstances shift.(这类创新带来了真正的希望，如果我的情况发生变化，我知道我会依靠它。)”可以看出，她对这款眼镜评价很高，并充分看到了该设备在未来帮助痴呆症患者方面的巨大潜力。 19．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其是第二段“Created by CrossSense, the AI glasses contain an inbuilt smart assistant named “Wispy”. It identifies everyday objects and sends timely voice reminders to wearers. The assistant adapts flexibly to individual lifestyles and progressive disease changes. When patients lose track of routine steps, Wispy guides them gently to restore their confidence in daily activities.(这款 AI 眼镜由 CrossSense 公司研发，内置名为“Wispy”的智能助手。它可以识别日常物品，并及时向佩戴者发送语音提醒。该助手能够灵活适配个人生活方式以及不断发展的病情。当患者忘记日常步骤时，Wispy 会温和地引导他们，帮助重拾日常活动的信心。)”和最后一段“Innovations like this bring genuine hope, and I know I will rely on them as my own circumstances shift.(这类创新带来了真正的希望，如果我的情况发生变化，我知道我会依靠它。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一款专为痴呆症患者研发的AI智能眼镜，详细阐述了它的功能、特点以及在试验中取得的良好效果，因此A选项“Tech Innovation Brings New Hope(科技创新带来新希望)”最能准确概括全文主旨，可作为最恰当的标题。 一、阅读理解 A Apple is expected to present its most radical (重大的，彻底的) iPhone redesign in years this Wednesday — giving new CEO John Ternus an early test of whether he can restart innovation at the tech giant during a challenging time. The California-based company is set to show its first-ever foldable iPhone at its annual product show, alongside new high-end iPhone 18 models. The new device — said to have names like iPhone Ultra or iPhone Fold — is expected to be about the size of a passport when fully folded, with the capacity to fold out to a wider display with a roughly 4:3 aspect ratio (宽高比). The foldable marks a major change to iPhone’s familiar design, coming as Apple looks for another breakout hardware success. Its Vision Pro headset drew wide public attention in 2024 yet has failed to win over consumers. The launch comes days after Ternus took over from longtime CEO Tim Cook last Tuesday. The 50-year-old Apple veteran previously ran the company’s hardware division. He inherits a firm facing doubts over its artificial intelligence strategy, including a long-delayed rebuild of Siri, and whether it can deliver another hit as its current product lines grow old. Whether new products can satisfy picky customers will be a key question for Wednesday’s event. Apple may also present a long-rumored home hub (枢纽，中心设备) with a display and smart-speaker functions, acting as a control center for smart devices and entertainment. Apple is also expected to show finished major system software versions. The foldable will run a special system version adapted for its two-screen design. For years, critics have argued Apple has only improved a decade-old design formula. A successful foldable would silence such criticism and prove the world’s most valuable company can still surprise users. However, a disappointing launch would deepen doubts about Apple’s future and whether Ternus, Cook’s hand-picked successor, is fit to lead the firm into its next decade. 1．What do we know about Apple’s first foldable iPhone? A．It has already been officially named iPhone Ultra. B．It will replace all the existing iPhone 18 models. C．It will open out to a wider screen with an approximately 4:3 aspect ratio. D．It will be as large as a passport when unfolded. 2．What was John Ternus’s position before becoming CEO? A．He led Apple’s artificial intelligence research team. B．He designed the Vision Pro headset in 2024. C．He served as Apple’s longtime head of marketing. D．He was in charge of the company’s hardware department. 3．What can we learn about Apple’s Wednesday event? A．It will mainly focus on the sales data of new products. B．A smart home device may be shown at the event. C．The finished system software will not be displayed. D．The foldable iPhone will use the same system as ordinary iPhones. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Apple’s new foldable iPhone? A．Objective B．Pessimistic C．Fully supportive D．Indifferent 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍苹果即将发布首款折叠iPhone，新CEO面临考验，这款产品的成败将影响外界对苹果创新能力的评价。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The new device — said to have names like iPhone Ultra or iPhone Fold — is expected to be about the size of a passport when fully folded, with the capacity to fold out to a wider display with a roughly 4:3 aspect ratio.(这款新设备，据传叫iPhone Ultra或者iPhone Fold，完全折叠时大约和护照一样大，可以展开成更宽的屏幕，宽高比约为4比3。)”可知，这款折叠iPhone展开后屏幕宽高比大约为4:3。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The 50-year-old Apple veteran previously ran the company’s hardware division.(这位50岁的苹果老员工此前主管公司的硬件部门。)”可知，John Ternus在担任CEO之前负责苹果硬件部门。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Apple may also present a long-rumored home hub with a display and smart-speaker functions, acting as a control center for smart devices and entertainment.(苹果也可能展出一款传闻已久、带有屏幕和智能音箱功能的家居枢纽设备，作为智能设备和娱乐的控制中心。)”可知，一款智能家居设备有可能在本次发布会上亮相。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“A successful foldable would silence such criticism and prove the world’s most valuable company can still surprise users. However, a disappointing launch would deepen doubts about Apple’s future and whether Ternus, Cook’s hand-picked successor, is fit to lead the firm into its next decade.(如果折叠手机大获成功，这些批评声将会平息，证明这家全球市值最高的公司仍能给用户惊喜。但如果发布效果不佳，会加深人们对苹果未来以及库克选定的继任者Ternus能否带领公司迈入下一个十年的质疑。)”可知，作者既说明了产品成功带来的积极影响，也点明失败会引发的问题，态度客观。 B If someone knocked on your front door intending to murder a guest, would you lie to protect this person: to claim that they aren’t in your house when, in fact, they are? Misleading a would-be murderer in order to save an innocent life is self-evidently better than sticking to the principle that lying is wrong. Or, is it? Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”. Untruth is injurious to humanity as a whole, and this makes truth-telling a universal duty. Yet real-world circumstances are rarely so simple. History provides many situations in which such questions became painfully real. During World War II, many Europeans lied to invaders to protect innocent civilians. Among those who joined the resistance movement and were later honored as national heroes, some went far beyond what could reasonably have been expected and struggled with both their deeds and their own heroic status. Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows. Indeed, we may need to be courageous enough to pay a moral price on others’ behalf. Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country. No moral rule could tell him which duty mattered more. Instead of searching for certainty, Sartre argued, he had to choose for himself — and live with the consequences. According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom. We must act, then try to live with the consequences of our actions. While Kant and Sartre reached different conclusions, there is one common ground: an insistence that each of us owes a duty to truth which we must find a way to honor, no matter what our circumstances. Kant believed that truthfulness is the foundation of moral life. Sartre saw that honesty begins with admitting that no universal rule can remove every uncertainty. Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us. 5．Which statement explains Kant’s refusal to lie? A．The belief in free will should guide moral decisions. B．Moral duties should remain constant across situations. C．Moral choices should focus on protecting the innocent. D．Personal judgment should outweigh universal principles. 6．What does the word “certitude” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Evidence. B．Support. C．Responsibility. D．Certainty. 7．What does Sartre’s example of the young man mainly illustrate? A．Moral choices may involve conflicting responsibilities. B．Moral courage depends on following universal principles. C．Public duties should be prioritized over family obligations. D．Historical situations can help identify the more important duty. 8．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Duty to Tell the Truth B．The Courage to Act C．The Moral Price of Lying D．The Gift of Freedom 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 【解析】文章主要探讨康德与萨特关于道德选择、真话原则及不确定情形下行动勇气的观点。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”.(哲学家伊曼努尔·康德给出了不同答案：绝对诚实是唯一合乎道德的准则。他写道：“在所有陈述中保持真诚，是理性神圣而无条件的命令，不受任何权宜之计的限制。”)”可知，康德主张诚实是无条件的道德准则，道德义务不因场景改变而变化。 6．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom.(萨特认为，情境中存在太多不确定性，任何关于责任的通用框架都无法解决它。没有原则指导我们的决定。但这不代表要绝望。正如萨特告诉那个年轻人：“只能相信我们的本能”。正是在缺乏certitude的情况下采取行动的勇气，定义了人类自由这份馈赠。)”，前文出现uncertainty（不确定性），由此推断certitude意为“确定性”，对应D选项Certainty（确定性）。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country.(让·保罗·萨特讲述了一个年轻人在两种道德之间犹豫不决——对完全依靠他的母亲的同情道德，以及他想要为国战斗这种更广层面的道德。)”可知，这个例子说明道德选择中会出现互相冲突的责任。 8．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的 “Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows.(因此，勇气也意味着承担后续的后果。)”以及第五段中的 “It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom.(正是在缺乏确定性的情况下采取行动的勇气，定义了人类自由这份馈赠。)”和末段“Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us.(我们大多数人永远不会直面战争的危险。即便如此，日常生活却不断要求我们在信息不全、无法确保成功的情况下做出抉择。每一个决定，无论大小，都需要我们接受不确定性。无论我们所处的时代会提出多么怪异或严苛的要求，坦然承担这些重担的决心，塑造了我们本身)”可知，全文核心是在不确定的道德困境下，付诸行动的勇气。B选项The Courage to Act（行动的勇气）最适合作为标题。 C Kanà: tsyakon yahà: kohwe’ne ase’shón:’a. In Mohawk, this means “I put the vegetables in the soup pot.” and it means a lot to me. Nearly a decade ago, after my grandmother passed, I felt called to her garden, where I spent my time working through layers of earth that held memories. The interesting finds included ceramic dishes, old sneakers, a dirt-stained doll, and a rusty spoon. I packed up the spoon along with my gardening tools, wondering about the meals it saw or the many mouths it fed in its lifetime. After preparing the land, I spread soil and planted seeds. But a historic drought hit. The plants struggled to thrive, and some died. These challenges guided me to think about my ancestors and what a bad growing season would mean for them. Despite our best efforts, gardening humbles us and teaches us that we are still only human, subject to forces beyond our control. Finally, late rain came. The garden was restored with beans, sunflowers, and a special blue corn. A knowledge keeper told me this corn was originally Tuscarora — by planting it, I had actually brought it home. I realized that this gardening project, with its challenges, was itself a homecoming and a way to honor my grandmother. That fall, I tasted the soup at the ceremony. Every vegetable came from our land, grown from seeds carried by ancestors’ hands. Eating it felt healing — my body remembered this reunion. For me, food means connecting to land, honoring traditions, feeding community, and giving thanks for all that sustains us. We continue ceremonies to honor those before us and show love for future generations. The seeds will persist and continue to grow and provide. We exist as humans in the present, but we are aware of our position in a line of continuity that connects descendants and ancestors — much like the seeds. Kanà: tsyakon yahà: kohwe’ne ase’shón:’a. I put the vegetables in the soup pot. 9．What was the author thinking about when collecting the rusty spoon? A．The happy days with grandma. B．Its past experience of being used. C．The delicious soup she could cook. D．Other treasures buried in the garden. 10．What message does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 intend to convey? A．Nature can defeat even the most careful planning. B．Humans should give up farming in drought areas. C．A bad growing season is that important for ancestors. D．Ancestors suffered so much from the natural challenges. 11．What made the author consider gardening a homecoming? A．Rebuilding the garden. B．Recovering a native plant. C．Returning to her birthplace. D．Recalling her grandmother. 12．What do the seeds stand for in the last but one paragraph? A．Powerful nature. B．Honoring ceremonies. C．Generational bonds. D．Supporting community. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C 【解析】文章主要讲述作者在祖母离世后打理菜园，历经干旱种下原生玉米，借农耕感悟种子承载的世代联结。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I packed up the spoon along with my gardening tools, wondering about the meals it saw or the many mouths it fed in its lifetime.(我把这把勺子和园艺工具一起收好，思索着它曾见证过哪些饭菜，一生中喂饱过多少人。)”可知，作者在思考这把勺子过往的使用经历。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Despite our best efforts, gardening humbles us and teaches us that we are still only human, subject to forces beyond our control.(尽管我们拼尽全力，园艺却让我们谦卑，教会我们人类终究只是凡人，受制于我们无法掌控的力量。)”可知，这里想表达大自然可以挫败人类再周密的计划。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A knowledge keeper told me this corn was originally Tuscarora — by planting it, I had actually brought it home. I realized that this gardening project, with its challenges, was itself a homecoming and a way to honor my grandmother.(一位知识传承者告诉我这种玉米原本属于图斯卡罗拉部族——种下它，实际上就是把它带回故土。我意识到这个历经重重困难的园艺项目本身就是一场回归，也是缅怀祖母的一种方式。)”可知，找回并种植本土作物让作者认为这场园艺是一次回归。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We exist as humans in the present, but we are aware of our position in a line of continuity that connects descendants and ancestors — much like the seeds.(我们作为人类活在当下，但我们清楚自己处在连接后代与祖先的延续脉络之中——正如种子一般。)”可知，种子代表代代之间的联结。 D More than 30,000 square miles of the Amazon have been lost since the 1970s. About 10,000 acres of forest have been destroyed every day since 1988. Now scientists may have a “secret weapon” that could not only help reforest the Amazon, but other damaged forests around the world. And it comes from soil deep in the region’s past. The people living along today’s Amazonia ameliorated the originally poor soil over many human generations. The soils were enriched with charcoal (木炭) from low-intensity fires for cooking and burning rubbish, animal bones, broken pottery and so on. The fertile (肥沃的) result of these processes is Amazonian dark earth (ADE). According to a study, it now may help reforest the same area where it was created. Researchers conducted controlled experiments in a lab. They sampled ADE and the control soil and filled 36 pots with about 6.6 pounds of soil inside a greenhouse with an average temperature of 94°F, representing future global-warming conditions beyond current average temperatures in Amazonia (between 71 and 82°F). One third of the pots only received the control soil, while another third received a 4 to 1 mixture of the control soil and ADE, and the final third received 100% ADE. Following the experiment, the control soils contained fewer nutrients than they had at the start, which reflects uptake by the plants. However, the 100% ADE soils remained richer than control soils, while nutrient levels were intermediate in the 20 percent ADE soils. “Our data showed ADE contains microorganisms that are better at this transformation of soils, thus providing more resources for plant development,” co-author and biologist Anderson Santos de Freitas said. These results were enough to convince the team that ADE can boost plant growth, but it does come with some caution, “ADE has taken thousands of years to build up and would take an equal time to regenerate in nature if used,” co-author and biologist Siu Mui Tsai said. “Our recommendations aren’t to take advantage of ADE itself, but rather to copy its characteristics, particularly its microorganisms, for use in future ecological restoration projects.” 13．What does the underlined word “ameliorated” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Protected. B．Transformed. C．Balanced. D．Provided. 14．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 3 talk about? A．Its purposes. B．Its backgrounds. C．Its design. D．Its significance. 15．What do the researchers find about ADE? A．It affects global warming. B．It fertilizes poor wild soil. C．It consumes microorganisms. D．It boosts nutrient supply. 16．What suggestion did Siu Mui Tsai put forward? A．Developing natural ADE fully. B．Using ADE to plant more trees. C．Making ADE products earlier. D．Learning from ADE’s features. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．D 【解析】文章主要介绍了亚马孙黑土富含微生物、能提升养分供给，并建议借鉴其特性用于未来的生态恢复。 13．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The people living along today’s Amazonia ameliorated the originally poor soil over many human generations. The soils were enriched with charcoal (木炭) from low-intensity fires for cooking and burning rubbish, animal bones, broken pottery and so on. The fertile (肥沃的) result of these processes is Amazonian dark earth (ADE).(生活在今天亚马孙地区的人们经过许多代人ameliorated原本贫瘠的土壤。这些土壤因用于烹饪和焚烧垃圾的低强度用火产生的木炭、动物骨头、破碎陶器等而变得肥沃。这些过程形成的肥沃产物就是亚马孙黑土)”可知，原本贫瘠的土壤因加入木炭、动物骨头等而变得肥沃，说明土壤被“改良”了，画线词“ameliorated”意为“改善、改良”，与“Transformed(改变)”最接近。 14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Researchers conducted controlled experiments in a lab. They sampled ADE and the control soil and filled 36 pots with about 6.6 pounds of soil inside a greenhouse with an average temperature of 94°F, representing future global-warming conditions beyond current average temperatures in Amazonia (between 71 and 82°F). One third of the pots only received the control soil, while another third received a 4 to 1 mixture of the control soil and ADE, and the final third received 100% ADE.(研究人员在实验室进行了对照实验。他们采样了亚马孙黑土和对照土壤，在平均温度为94°F的温室中装入36个花盆，每盆约6.6磅土壤，代表超出亚马孙当前平均气温(71至82°F)的未来全球变暖条件。三分之一的花盆只装对照土壤，另外三分之一装对照土壤与亚马孙黑土4比1的混合物，最后三分之一装100%亚马孙黑土)”可知，第三段主要介绍了研究的实验设计。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Following the experiment, the control soils contained fewer nutrients than they had at the start, which reflects uptake by the plants. However, the 100% ADE soils remained richer than control soils, while nutrient levels were intermediate in the 20 percent ADE soils. “Our data showed ADE contains microorganisms that are better at this transformation of soils, thus providing more resources for plant development,” co-author and biologist Anderson Santos de Freitas said.(实验结束后，对照土壤所含养分比开始时更少，这反映了植物的吸收。然而，100%亚马孙黑土仍比对照土壤更肥沃，而含20%亚马孙黑土的土壤养分水平居中。“我们的数据显示，亚马孙黑土含有更擅长这种土壤转化的微生物，从而为植物发育提供更多资源，”合著者、生物学家安德森·桑托斯·德·弗雷塔斯说)”可知，研究发现亚马孙黑土能增加养分供给。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Siu Mui Tsai的话“Our recommendations aren’t to take advantage of ADE itself, but rather to copy its characteristics, particularly its microorganisms, for use in future ecological restoration projects.(我们的建议不是利用亚马孙黑土本身，而是借鉴它的特性，尤其是其中的微生物，用于未来的生态恢复项目)”可知，Siu Mui Tsai建议借鉴亚马孙黑土的特性。 二、完形填空 Yesterday, my kids and I were in the costume store, getting ready for Halloween, and they saw a Donald Trump mask. “Is he a good guy or a bad guy?” they asked. I knew they were thinking of the most negative character — Will Ferrell in the film Batman, who starts good but becomes bad over the course of the plot, so I said something about how all people have a little good and a little bad in them. Of course, I wanted to say: “Son, that man is not 17 a bad guy, but one of the worst men our species has ever 18 . He had every privilege, every opportunity to do good, but he chose 19 .” We have the opportunity to make this 20 , every day. Maybe Grandpa Milt was really such a 21 . Decades ago, his mother, on her way home from a late-night meeting of her Jewish charity organization, disappeared. She was discovered by workmen in an abandoned lot the following morning, her clothes 22 , her skull (头骨) broken. Alive but 23 , she was brought to Lincoln Hospital and 24 six hours later. This tragedy left him an orphan (孤儿). However, Grandpa didn’t seek revenge. It’s not his 25 . He was the kind of guy who found a way to make a(n) 26 for himself — through excellence. Milt was hardworking, handsome, kind, and all of this made him known. He 27 from New York University with a degree and became a teacher, finally a billionaire. Most likely, he 28 the heartbreak and toughed his way through it, charged forward, 29 a life worth living, and found peace. There is a superpower worth remembering — 30 a wrong can create positive changes in our world today. Sometimes, 31 is the best revenge. 17．A．truly B．normally C．naturally D．merely 18．A．produced B．accepted C．required D．expected 19．A．pity B．evil C．kindness D．freedom 20．A．mistake B．change C．choice D．effort 21．A．case B．trouble C．scene D．point 22．A．returned B．cleaned C．torn D．burned 23．A．unconscious B．unhappy C．unsatisfied D．unharmed 24．A．broke away B．died away C．died out D．passed away 25．A．day B．way C．pay D．say 26．A．name B．fortune C．decision D．agreement 27．A．resigned B．graduated C．retired D．fled 28．A．made use of B．took pride in C．dealt with D．gave away 29．A．created B．changed C．tested D．saved 30．A．learning B．righting C．sharing D．favoring 31．A．politeness B．brightness C．friendliness D．happiness 【答案】 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．D 【解析】本文讲述了作者通过孩子关于好坏的问题联想到Milt爷爷，他在母亲遇害后没有选择复仇，而是努力奋斗创造了有价值的人生，点明活出幸福才是对厄运最好的报复，选择正确的方向可以给世界带来积极改变。 17．考查副词。句意：孩子，那个人不仅仅是个坏人，还是我们人类有史以来产生过的最糟糕的人之一。A. truly真正地；B. normally正常地；C. naturally自然地；D. merely仅仅，只不过。根据下文“but one of the worst men our species has ever ______”可知，作者想要表达的是特朗普不只是坏人，而是最坏的人之一。 18．考查动词。句意：孩子，那个人不仅仅是个坏人，还是我们人类有史以来产生过的最糟糕的人之一。A. produced产生；B. accepted接受；C. required要求；D. expected期待。根据空前“one of the worst men our species has ever”可知，此处指人类历史上出现过的最糟糕的人之一。 19．考查名词。句意：他拥有所有特权，所有做好事的机会，但他选择了邪恶。A. pity遗憾；B. evil邪恶；C. kindness善良；D. freedom自由。根据上文“one of the worst men”和转折词but前的“every opportunity to do good”可知，他有做好事的机会却选择了做坏事，选择了邪恶。 20．考查名词。句意：我们每天都有机会做出这样的选择。A. mistake错误；B. change改变；C. choice选择；D. effort努力。根据上文“but he chose ______”可知，上文提到特朗普选择了邪恶，此处呼应上文的“选择”。 21．考查名词。句意：也许Milt爷爷就是这样的一个例子。A. case实例，案例；B. trouble麻烦；C. scene场景；D. point要点。第三段“We have the opportunity to make this ______, every day.”作者提出每个人每天都要做选择，下文举Milt爷爷的例子来论证观点。 22．考查动词。句意：第二天早上工人在一个废弃的场地发现了她，衣服被撕碎，头骨破裂。A. returned归还；B. cleaned清理；C. torn撕碎；D. burned燃烧。根据下文“her skull (头骨) broken”可知，Milt的母亲遭遇袭击，头骨已经破裂，因此衣服被撕碎符合遭遇伤害的现场特征。 23．考查形容词。句意：她还活着，但失去了意识，被送到林肯医院，六小时后去世。A. unconscious无意识的，昏迷的；B. unhappy不开心的；C. unsatisfied不满意的；D. unharmed未受伤的。根据上文“her skull (头骨) broken”和“Alive but”可知，头骨破裂后活着但陷入昏迷，失去意识。 24．考查动词短语。句意：她还活着，但失去了意识，被送到林肯医院，六小时后去世。A. broke away脱离；B. died away逐渐减弱；C. died out灭绝；D. passed away去世。根据上文“her skull (头骨) broken”和下文“This tragedy left him an orphan (孤儿).”可知，Milt的母亲最终伤重去世，让他成为了孤儿。 25．考查名词。句意：这不是他的行事方式。A. day日子；B. way方式；C. pay工资；D. say发言权。根据上文“However, Grandpa didn’t seek revenge.”可知，Milt不选择复仇，这不是他为人处世的方式。 26．考查名词。句意：他是那种通过卓越努力为自己闯出名声的人。A. name名声，名望；B. fortune财富；C. decision决定；D. agreement协议。根据下文“and all of this made him known”可知，他的努力让他为人所知，闯出了自己的名声，make a name for oneself是固定搭配，表示“为自己闯出名声”。 27．考查动词。句意：他从纽约大学毕业获得学位，成为了一名教师，最终成为亿万富翁。A. resigned辞职；B. graduated毕业；C. retired退休；D. fled逃跑。根据下文“from New York University with a degree”可知，此处指从大学毕业获得学位。 28．考查动词短语。句意：最有可能的是，他处理好了这份心碎，熬了出来，勇往直前，创造了值得过的生活，找到了平静。A. made use of利用；B. took pride in为……骄傲；C. dealt with处理，应对；D. gave away赠送。根据下文“the heartbreak and toughed his way through it”可知，他面对母亲遇害的心碎，处理好了这份痛苦，走了出来。 29．考查动词。句意：最有可能的是，他处理好了这份心碎，熬了出来，勇往直前，创造了值得过的生活，找到了平静。A. created创造；B. changed改变；C. tested测试；D. saved拯救。根据上文“charged forward”和下文“a life worth living”可知，他向前看，创造了有价值的生活。 30．考查动词。句意：有一种值得记住的超能力——纠正恶行可以在我们当今的世界创造积极的改变。A. learning学习；B. righting纠正；C. sharing分享；D. favoring支持。根据上文Milt没有向错误的命运低头，而是选择正确的方向走出了新的生活，结合空后“a wrong can create positive changes in our world today”可知，修正恶行能给我们当下的社会带来积极影响，此处righting和后面的wrong相对应。 31．考查名词。句意：有时候，幸福就是最好的复仇。A. politeness礼貌；B. brightness明亮；C. friendliness友好；D. happiness幸福。根据上一段“Most likely, he ______ the heartbreak and toughed his way through it, charged forward, _______ a life worth living, and found peace.”可知，Milt走出悲剧，没有被仇恨吞噬，获得了平静幸福的生活，由此可知，活出幸福就是对悲剧最好的回击。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Step into any shopping centre in Singapore and you’re likely 32 (find) waiting lines snaking outside shops with catchy names and bright-coloured signboards. Chinese brands (品牌) like Chagee and Mixue are drawing crowds not just in Asia, but 33 (increasing) worldwide. Alongside fashion labels and toy stores, these tea chains represent a shift from low-cost manufacturing (制造) to globally 34 (recognise) consumer brands. Built in the world’s second-largest consumer market, they already have scale (规模) and operational power. However, intense domestic 35 (compete) makes expanding overseas a necessity. China 36 (be) the world’s workshop over the past decades, producing goods for Western companies. In the meanwhile, local suppliers have been learning how to make and sell goods on a large scale. Companies like Miniso have benefited 37 that kind of know-how. The chain store, 38 sells toys and movie products, now operates stores in over half the 39 (country) around the world, prioritizing consumer experience. Beyond consumer goods, BYD has become the world’s largest electric vehicle maker and is now developing ultra-fast charging systems as an effort to build 40 ecosystem around its vehicles. In short, Chinese companies are no longer defined by low prices. They are building brands, adapting to local markets 41 going head-to-head with established global players. 【答案】 32．to find 33．increasingly 34．recognised 35．competition 36．has been 37．from 38．which 39．countries 40．an 41．and 【解析】本文主要以霸王茶姬、蜜雪冰城、名创优品、比亚迪为例，讲述中国企业从过去低成本的“世界工厂”，转型打造国际知名品牌；国内激烈竞争促使企业出海，它们因地制宜打造品牌，和国际老牌企业展开竞争。 32．考查不定式。句意：走进新加坡任意一家购物中心，你很可能看到一些店名吸睛、招牌色彩鲜亮的店铺外排着蜿蜒的长队。sb. be likely to do是固定短语，意为“某人可能做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to find。 33．考查副词。句意：霸王茶姬、蜜雪冰城等中国品牌不仅在亚洲吸引大量顾客，在全球范围内也越来越受欢迎。空格处用副词increasingly修饰形容词worldwide，increasingly意为“越来越多地”。 34．考查形容词。句意：除时装品牌和玩具店外，这些茶饮连锁品牌代表着一种转变：中国正从低成本制造，转向打造获得全球认可的消费品牌。空格处用形容词recognised作定语，修饰名词短语consumer brands，recognised意为“被认可的”。 35．考查名词。句意：然而，国内激烈的竞争，让出海扩张成为必然选择。domestic是形容词，修饰名词，此处表示“竞争”，名词是competition，是不可数名词，作主语。 36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去几十年，中国一直是“世界工厂”，为西方企业生产商品。由over the past decades可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语China是一个国家，助动词用has。 37．考查介词。句意：名创优品这类企业就得益于这类技术经验。benefit from是固定短语，意为“从……获益”，因此空格处用介词from。 38．考查定语从句。句意：这家主营玩具与影视周边产品的连锁店，目前在全球半数以上国家开店，把消费者体验放在首位。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The chain store是物，因此用关系代词which引导定语从句。 39．考查名词的复数。句意：这家主营玩具与影视周边产品的连锁店，目前在全球半数以上国家开店，把消费者体验放在首位。country是可数名词，有很多，因此用复数。 40．考查冠词。句意：除消费品领域外，比亚迪已成为全球最大电动汽车制造商，目前正在研发超快充系统，力图围绕自家汽车打造一个生态体系。ecosystem是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指“一个生态体系”，ecosystem是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an。 41．考查连词。句意：它们正在打造品牌、适配各地本土市场，与老牌国际巨头正面竞争。building brands, adapting to local markets和going head-to-head with established global players之间是并列关系，因此用and表并列。 四、应用文写作 你校英文报Youth Voice栏目正在征稿，对于年轻人是否应当前往偏远地区担任支教老师，同学们持有不同看法。请你围绕“Is It Worthwhile to Be a Volunteer Teacher in Remote Areas?”的讨论，写一篇短文向该栏目投稿。内容包括： 1. 你的观点。 2. 你的理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Is It Worthwhile to Be a Volunteer Teacher in Remote Areas? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                         Is It Worthwhile to Be a Volunteer Teacher in Remote Areas? In my opinion, it is worthwhile for young people to work as volunteer teachers in remote areas. Firstly, children in poor rural areas lack high-quality education, which volunteer teachers can help improve. They bring new ideas and open a bigger world for those kids. Besides, while serving as volunteer teachers, young people can gain precious life experience that they cannot get in cities. They will become more independent and responsible. Although the living conditions there are tough, the efforts they make will change children’s future. So I strongly support this meaningful choice. 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生围绕“年轻人是否应当前往偏远地区担任支教老师”这一话题，向校英文报Youth Voice栏目投稿，阐述自己的观点和理由。 词汇积累 帮助：help → assist 支持：support →back 缺乏：lack → be short of 独立的：independent → self-reliant 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：They bring new ideas and open a bigger world for those kids. 拓展句：They bring new ideas, which can open a bigger world for those kids. 【高分句型1】Firstly, children in poor rural areas lack high-quality education, which volunteer teachers can help improve.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Although the living conditions there are tough, the efforts they make will change children's future.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 阅读理解 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 阅读理解的试题类型 知识点二 阅读理解的解答策略 练|巩固提升训练 一、能力考查 阅读题考查的不是“读懂大意”的模糊感觉，而是五类可训练、可检验的能力。每道题都在测量其中某一项，先认清考查维度，才能对症下药。 表1 能力维度与典型设问 能力维度 考查内涵 典型设问 理解具体信息 提取文中的事实、数据、时间、地点、人物等细节 According to the passage, ... / Which of the following is TRUE? 概括主旨要义 提炼文章或段落中心，为文章选择标题 What is the main idea? / What is the best title? 推断词义语义 依据上下文推断生词、短语的含义及代词指代 The underlined word “...” probably means ... 判断与推理 依据证据推断隐含信息、作者态度、写作目的与文章出处 What can we infer? / The author’s attitude is ... 理解篇章结构 把握语篇结构与段落间的逻辑衔接 主要对应第二节七选五 二、语篇类型与命题特点 高考阅读的四篇语篇通常由应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文构成，各自承担不同的考查功能。拿到一篇文章，先判断语篇类型，就能预判设题方向、选择阅读方式。 表2 四类语篇的设题侧重与阅读策略 语篇类型 常见题材 设题侧重 阅读策略 应用文 广告、通知、活动介绍、旅游指南 细节理解为主（时间、费用、条件、规则） 扫读定位，不必逐句阅读 记叙文 人物故事、生活经历、成长感悟 细节 + 推理（情感变化、事件因果） 抓住时间线、情感线与事件意义 说明文 科学研究、社会现象、技术介绍 细节 + 词义 + 推理（概念、机制、结论） 理清说明对象、结构层次与结论句 议论文 观点评论、社会问题、价值讨论 主旨 + 推理（论点、论据、作者态度） 抓住论点、论证结构与让步转折 三、四大题型专项突破 四选一阅读的 15 道题，按考查能力可归纳为四类题型：细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题。以下逐一讲透“概念界定—命题规律—干扰项—解题步骤—例题验证”。 （一）细节理解题 1. 概念界定与设问特征 细节理解题考查对文中具体事实信息的提取与理解，是题量最大的题型，约占四选一阅读的 50%—60%。典型设问有：According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE / NOT TRUE?；What / When / Where / Why / How ...?；From the passage we know that ...。 2. 正确项的三大命题方式 （1）同义替换：用近义词或短语改写原文，如把 an increase in 换成 a rise in、把 roughly 换成 about；（2）反向改写：用“反义词 + 否定”表达相同意思，如把 rarely 换成 not often；（3）信息重组：把原文分散在不同句子的信息重新组合成一个选项。凡正确项，必能在原文找到一一对应的证据句。 3. 六类干扰项及其识别 表3 细节题六类干扰项 干扰类型 设置特征 识别要点 正反颠倒 把原文意思说反（加 not、否定词或反义表达） 比对选项与原文的肯定/否定 无中生有 原文完全没有提及的内容 回文找不到依据即排除 偷换概念 替换关键名词或限定词（如 all→some、原因换成结果） 关注 every/all/some/most 等限定词 张冠李戴 把 A 的特征或数据安到 B 身上 核对主语、对象与数据的对应关系 答非所问 信息本身正确，但不回答题干所问 先看问题指向，再比对选项 以偏概全 用部分事实概括整体情况 留意范围大小与程度词 4. 解题三步 第一步定位：按题序原则回文——第 1 题的答案一般出现在文章前部，后一题的答案在文中的位置通常不早于前一题。圈画题干中的关键词（专有名词、数字、时间、大写词），用扫读快速锁定信息句。 第二步比对：将选项与原文证据句逐词比对，识别“换说法”的同义改写；注意时态、数量、对象是否被偷换。 第三步排除：优先排除含绝对词的选项（all, never, always, none, every 等——除非原文同样绝对），再利用六类干扰项特征逐一剔除，最后用证据句反证正确项。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·说明文节选）Walking is one of the simplest and most effective forms of exercise. According to a recent study of more than 30,000 adults, just 11 minutes of brisk walking a day can reduce the risk of early death by nearly a quarter. The researchers found that even those who walked far less than the recommended 150 minutes a week still benefited. However, they noted that the benefits increased with the amount of activity, without any upper limit being identified. 题目：According to the study, walking about 11 minutes a day ______. A. is the recommended amount for most adults B. can cut the risk of early death by about 25% C. only benefits people who walk over 150 minutes a week D. has an upper limit beyond which it does no good 答案：B。 解题思路：题干关键词 11 minutes 定位到第二句，原文 reduce the risk of early death by nearly a quarter 与选项 B 的 cut ... by about 25% 构成同义替换（nearly a quarter ≈ about 25%）。 干扰项分析：A 偷换概念——“recommended amount”在原文指每周 150 分钟，不是 11 分钟；C 正反颠倒——原文说“远低于推荐量的人同样受益”，与选项相反；D 正反颠倒——原文明确没有发现上限（without any upper limit）。 （二）主旨大意题 1. 三类小题 （1）文章主旨题：What is the passage mainly about?；（2）段落大意题：What is the second paragraph mainly about?；（3）标题选择题：Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?。 2. 主题句的位置规律 文章主题句多在首段（开门见山）或末段（总结收束）；段落主题句多在段首，少数在段尾或段中。尤其要注意转折信号词（however, but, yet）之后，往往跟着作者真正的观点。 3. 解题策略 （1）高频词复现法：全文反复出现的词往往指向主题；（2）首尾段呼应法：将首段与末段对照，重合之处即主旨；（3）结构推断法：记叙文抓事件的意义，说明文抓说明对象与结论，议论文抓中心论点。 4. 标题选择三原则与干扰项特征 好标题必须“涵盖全文、精准概括、简洁醒目”（一般 6—10 个词且含关键词）。主旨题的干扰项有三种典型失真：以偏概全（只概括某个段落）、范围过大（把具体话题泛化为大主题）、偏离主题（拿细节或例子当标题）。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·议论文节选）Every year, billions of plastic bottles end up in landfills or the ocean. Recycling seems an obvious solution, yet fewer than 30 percent of plastic bottles are actually recycled. One reason is that many bottles are made of mixed materials that are hard to process. Another is that recycling is often not economically attractive. Some experts argue that instead of focusing on recycling, we should reduce the production of plastic in the first place. After all, the best way to deal with waste is not to create it at all. 题目：What is the passage mainly about? A. The difficulty of recycling plastic bottles B. The history of plastic production C. How to turn plastic bottles into new products D. The benefits of using plastic bottles 答案：A。 解题思路：文章主体论述塑料瓶回收率低的两大原因（材质复杂、经济上不划算），末尾提出“从源头减量”。用高频词复现法可发现 recycling 贯穿全文，因此主旨是“回收塑料瓶的困难”。 干扰项分析：B 无中生有——全文未谈塑料生产的历史；C 以偏概全——文末“减少生产”恰恰反对依赖回收利用；D 正反颠倒——文章讲的是塑料瓶带来的问题而非好处。 （三）推理判断题 1. 概念界定与设问特征 推理判断题要求读者在理解字面信息的基础上，依据证据推断出“文中未明说但可以推出”的内容。典型设问：What can we infer / imply / suggest from ...?；We can conclude that ...；The author’s attitude toward ... is ...；The passage is probably taken from ...。 2. 四大推理类型 表4 四大推理类型及推理依据 推理类型 推理依据 典型设问 隐含细节推理 文中证据 + 生活逻辑推出的信息 What can we infer from ...? 观点态度推理 用词褒贬色彩、语气、举例倾向 The author’s attitude is ... 写作目的推断 语篇功能：告知、劝诫、呼吁、说明 The purpose of the passage is ... 文章出处推断 体裁特征与目标读者 The text is probably taken from ... 3. 推理的两条红线 一是基于原文证据：推理必须由文内信息推出，不能凭空发挥；二是控制推断幅度：正确项往往是原文信息的“再近一步”，推得过远、加上了原文支撑不了的内容即为过度推断。 4. 干扰项特征 （1）过度推断：超出文本能支撑的范围；（2）偷换概念：推理过程中悄悄替换关键概念；（3）照抄原文：直接引用原文句子——推理题的正确项一般不是原文原句；（4）常识替代：用生活常识或背景知识代替文本依据。 5. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·记叙文节选）When Li Hua was 12, a car accident left him unable to walk. For two years he stayed at home, refusing to see most of his old friends. Then a neighbour invited him to a wheelchair basketball game. “At first I only watched,” he recalled. “But the players were laughing so hard that I couldn’t help joining.” Three years later, Li Hua is the captain of his city’s wheelchair basketball team and often visits hospitals to encourage newly injured patients. “The chair doesn’t define who I am,” he says. “It just changed the way I play.” 题目：What can we infer from the passage about Li Hua? A. He had lost hope completely after the accident. B. He was inspired by the joy of the players. C. He had played basketball before the accident. D. He refuses to meet his old friends now. 答案：B。 解题思路：由“the players were laughing so hard that I couldn’t help joining”可推出：是球员们的快乐感染了他，促使他加入（inspired by the joy）。这是典型的隐含细节推理，证据句明确。 干扰项分析：A 过度推断——原文只说两年不愿见朋友，未说“完全失去希望”，且后文发生了转变；C 无中生有——文中没有提到他受伤前是否打篮球；D 正反颠倒——拒绝见朋友是受伤后那两年的事，现在他常去医院鼓励新伤患者。 （四）词义猜测题 1. 三类设问 （1）猜单词：The underlined word “...” probably means ...；（2）猜短语：The underlined phrase ... is closest in meaning to ...；（3）猜指代：What does the underlined word “it / they / this” refer to?。 2. 六大猜测策略 表5 六大词义猜测策略 策略 识别信号 操作要点 定义解释法 is, means, that is; 破折号、括号、同位语 答案就藏在紧挨着的解释中 同义反义法 or, that is（同义）；but, however, while（反义） 找并列或对比的另一半 构词法 前缀、后缀、词根 拆词：如 bioluminescence→bio（生物）+ luminescence（发光） 逻辑关系法 because, so, therefore（因果）；and（并列） 由因果或并列的另一端推断 举例语境法 such as, for example, like 从例子归纳共同特征 常识经验法 生活背景与学科常识 结合语境合理联想，不能脱离文本 3. 指代题解题要领 向前就近找最近的名词或代词，遵循单复数一致原则，把找出的对象代入原句，检验语义是否通顺。注意代词 it/they/this 通常指代前文刚出现的事物，而不是后文。 4. 例题与解析 （模拟语篇·说明文节选）Bioluminescence—the production of light by living organisms—is one of nature’s most fascinating wonders. Fireflies use it to attract mates, while some deep-sea fish use it to lure prey into their mouths. Recently, scientists have been studying how this phenomenon could inspire new lighting technologies that require no electricity. 题目：The underlined word “lure” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______. A. attack B. attract C. frighten D. observe 答案：B。 解题思路：第一句破折号后给出 bioluminescence 的定义（定义解释法）；前一句中 fireflies 用它 attract mates（吸引伴侣），lure 与 attract 形成同义复现；再结合“把猎物引到嘴边”的语境，答案锁定 attract。 干扰项分析：A、C、D 均与“引向嘴边”的语境不符——深海鱼发光是为了引诱猎物靠近，而不是攻击、吓唬或观察。 四、解题流程与策略 （一）解题总流程 无论哪种题型，都遵循同一条五步流程。熟练后，步骤之间无缝衔接，即可在 40 分钟内完成整套阅读。 图1 阅读理解解题总流程 要点提示：预览题干不是读选项，而是圈关键词、判题型；略读只需 1—2 分钟，抓首尾段与段首句；定位遵循题序原则；精读比对是得分关键；复查时重点盯住推理题与带 NOT / EXCEPT 的细节题。 （二）三种阅读方法 表8 略读、扫读与精读的适用场景 方法 任务 单篇用时 适用 略读 skimming 把握主旨、结构、观点走向 1—2 分钟 主旨题、整体判断 扫读 scanning 快速查找特定信息 秒级定位 细节题关键词定位 精读 close reading 逐句理解难点句、证据句 按需使用 推理、词义、长难句 （三）时间分配建议 表9 40 分钟阅读时间分配方案 板块 建议用时 说明 A 篇（应用文） 5 分钟 扫读为主，直接按题干回文 B 篇（记叙文） 8 分钟 理清时间线与情感线 C 篇（说明文） 9 分钟 理清结构层次与结论句 D 篇（说明/议论文） 10 分钟 难点句可先跳过，最后回读 七选五 8 分钟 先读首尾段，再逐空匹配线索 说明：若单篇超时，先标记跳过，保住整体节奏；完成全部题目后如有富余时间，再回攻难题。 （四）长难句拆分四步法 第一步找谓语：定位主句谓语动词，判断句子有几个分句；第二步去修饰：暂时剔除从句、插入语和非谓语短语；第三步划主干：抽出主谓宾（表）；第四步译全句：先译主干，再逐层添上修饰成分。 例句：Scientists who study the human brain have found that the memories we form during sleep, when the brain replays the day’s events at high speed, are often stronger than those formed while we are awake. 拆解：主句谓语为 have found；who study the human brain 是定语从句修饰 Scientists；that 引导宾语从句，其主语 the memories 后接定语从句 we form during sleep，中间插入时间状语从句 when the brain replays ...；主干为 Scientists have found that the memories are often stronger than those。全句译为：研究人脑的科学家发现，我们在睡眠中形成的记忆——睡眠时大脑会高速回放白天发生的事情——往往比清醒时形成的记忆更牢固。 （五）高频逻辑信号词 表10 常见逻辑关系与信号词 逻辑关系 信号词（高频） 转折 however, but, yet, while, whereas, nevertheless 因果 because, since, as, so, therefore, thus, as a result, lead to 让步 although, though, even though, despite, in spite of 举例 for example, for instance, such as, like 递进 moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more 总结 in conclusion, in short, to sum up, in a word, overall 对比 on the contrary, in contrast, compared with, rather than 用法提示：转折与让步信号词后常接作者真实观点（主旨题、推理题的重要线索）；因果信号词帮助判断细节题中“原因/结果”的对应；七选五中信号词是最直接的衔接线索。 （六）错题归因与整理 表11 五类错因与对应对策 错因 表现 对策 词汇障碍 关键句生词多、熟词生义不认识 建立真题高频词汇本，重点整理熟词生义 长难句障碍 句子结构理不清、读不懂 每天按四步法拆解 3 句长难句 定位失误 找错信息句、答非所问 训练题干关键词圈画与题序定位 推理过度 想得太多、脱离文本 默念“证据在哪”，只往前推一步 粗心失分 看漏 NOT / EXCEPT，选成相反项 圈画题干否定词，完卷后复查细节题 语篇一（说明文） Getting a good night’s sleep does more than refresh the body—it also helps the brain organise what we have learned. Scientists have long known that memories are not fixed at the moment we experience something. Instead, they are processed and strengthened while we sleep, a process known as consolidation. In a study at a German university, researchers asked volunteers to learn a set of new words in the evening. Half of them slept normally, while the other half stayed awake all night. The next morning, both groups were tested on the words. Those who had slept remembered nearly 20 percent more words than those who had not. Brain scans showed that during deep sleep, the volunteers’ brains “replayed” the new words at high speed, moving them from a temporary storage area to a more permanent one. Interestingly, the quality of sleep matters as much as the quantity. Studies suggest that interrupted sleep—even if the total time is the same—seriously weakens the effect. This is why experts advise students to keep a regular sleep schedule, especially before exams. Pulling an all-nighter may feel productive at the moment, but the memories formed in a tired brain are less likely to survive the night. So next time you stay up late to review, remember: your brain does its best revision while you are asleep. 1. What does the underlined word “consolidation” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The process of making memories stronger and more stable. B. The process of forgetting unimportant information. C. The process of learning something new very quickly. D. The process of passing information between people. 2. In the German study, volunteers who slept ______. A. remembered about 20% more words than those who stayed awake B. learned the new words much faster than the other group C. forgot most of the words they had learned D. were tested while they were still asleep 3. What can we infer from the passage? A. An all-nighter is the best way to prepare for exams. B. Interrupted sleep has little effect on memory. C. A regular sleep schedule helps keep memories strong. D. Deep sleep prevents the brain from forming new memories. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The relationship between sleep and memory. B. The importance of exams for students. C. The dangers of staying up late. D. The way the brain works during the day. 语篇二（议论文） Reading has never been easier than it is today. With a smartphone in hand, we can open a book, a news article or a long report in seconds. Yet many people complain that they can no longer read as deeply as they used to. Why? Part of the answer lies in the way digital reading trains our brains. When we scroll through social media, we are used to short pieces of information and constant change. Our attention is trained to jump from one item to the next. When we open a long article, the brain tends to skim rather than truly concentrate, skipping sentences that require slow, careful thought. Another reason is the constant interruption. A notification, a message or an advertisement can break our focus at any moment. Research shows that it takes, on average, more than 20 minutes to return to deep concentration after an interruption. Reading a difficult book with a phone beside us is therefore like trying to build a sandcastle in a storm. The good news is that our reading habits can be retrained. Psychologists suggest setting aside a fixed time for reading each day, turning off all notifications, and starting with short but demanding texts—a poem, a page of philosophy—before moving to longer books. The key is to treat deep reading as a skill that needs daily practice, just like playing an instrument. In a world designed to capture our attention, the ability to read deeply is not a luxury but a necessary skill. It protects our ability to think carefully, to question and to imagine—qualities that no app can offer. 1. According to the passage, why do people find it hard to read deeply? A. Because digital reading makes the brain used to jumping between short items. B. Because smartphones are too heavy to hold for a long time. C. Because long articles are becoming fewer and fewer. D. Because people prefer poems to novels. 2. What does the underlined word “interruption” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Something that keeps breaking our attention. B. Something that helps us concentrate. C. Something that we enjoy reading. D. Something that makes reading faster. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Reading habits can be changed through practice. B. Social media is the main cause of all reading problems. C. Deep reading is unnecessary in the digital age. D. Phones should be banned in schools. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards deep reading? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 【答案与解析】 答案：语篇一：1.A　2.A　3.C　4.A；语篇二：1.A　2.A　3.A　4.A。 语篇一第 1 题（词义猜测）：A。第一段对 consolidation 直接给出定义——记忆“被加工并被强化”（“processed and strengthened”）的过程，即“使记忆更强、更稳定”，属定义解释法。 语篇一第 2 题（细节理解）：A。原文 Those who had slept remembered nearly 20 percent more words than those who had not，选项 A 为同义替换。B 偷换概念（实验比的是记忆量而非学习速度）；C 正反颠倒；D 无中生有（测试在次日早晨进行）。 语篇一第 3 题（推理判断）：C。由专家建议“保持规律作息”（keep a regular sleep schedule）可推出：规律睡眠有助于维持记忆。A 与原文“熬夜复习看似高效实则不利”相反；B 与“睡眠质量受损严重影响效果”相反；D 与“深睡恰恰是记忆被强化之时”相反。 语篇一第 4 题（主旨大意）：A。全文围绕“睡眠如何帮助大脑巩固记忆”展开，首段点题、末段收束，高频词 sleep 与 memory 复现。B、C 均为文中的局部细节，D 偏离主题。 语篇二第 1 题（细节理解）：A。第二段明确给出原因——数字阅读让大脑习惯于在短信息之间跳跃，注意力被训练成“跳来跳去”。B、C、D 均为无中生有。 语篇二第 2 题（词义猜测）：A。interruption 前后语境是“通知、消息、广告随时打断我们的专注”，即“不断打断注意力的事物”。B 与语境相反，C、D 无中生有。 语篇二第 3 题（推理判断）：A。第四段提出“阅读习惯可以被重新训练”（can be retrained），并建议“每天练习”，据此可推出习惯可通过练习改变。B 范围过大（社交媒体并非所有问题的根源）；C 与末段“必要技能”相反；D 无中生有（文中未讨论禁手机）。 语篇二第 4 题（观点态度）：A。末段称深度阅读“不是奢侈品而是必要技能”（not a luxury but a necessary skill），用词褒义，态度明确积极。B、C、D 均与文本不符。 【语篇二深度精读】 1. 参考译文 阅读从来没有像今天这样容易。手机在手，几秒钟就能打开一本书、一篇新闻或一份长篇报告。然而许多人抱怨，自己再也无法像过去那样深入阅读了。为什么呢？ 部分答案在于数字阅读对大脑的训练方式。刷社交媒体时，我们习惯了碎片信息和不断变化，注意力被训练成从一个条目跳到下一个。打开长文章时，大脑倾向于略读而非真正集中，跳过那些需要缓慢、仔细思考的句子。 另一个原因是持续不断的打断。一条通知、一条消息或一则广告随时都能打破我们的专注。研究表明，一次打断后，平均需要 20 多分钟才能恢复深度专注。把手机放在身边读一本难书，就像在暴风雨中堆沙堡。 好消息是，阅读习惯可以重新训练。心理学家建议每天留出固定阅读时间、关闭所有通知，先从简短而有难度的文本（一首诗、一页哲学）读起，再过渡到更长的书。关键在于把深度阅读当作一项需要每日练习的技能，就像练习乐器一样。 在一个以吸引我们注意力为设计目标的世界里，深度阅读的能力不是奢侈品，而是必要技能。它保护我们仔细思考、质疑和想象的能力——这些品质是任何应用程序都无法提供的。 2. 长难句分析 句一：When we scroll through social media, we are used to short pieces of information and constant change.（时间状语从句 + 主句）主干为 we are used to ...，译为：当我们刷社交媒体时，已习惯于碎片化的信息和不断的变化。 句二：In a world designed to capture our attention, the ability to read deeply is not a luxury but a necessary skill.（过去分词短语作后置定语 + not ... but ... 并列结构）主干为 the ability is not a luxury but a necessary skill，译为：在一个以吸引注意力为设计目标的世界里，深度阅读的能力不是奢侈品，而是必要的技能。 3. 重难词汇梳理 scroll through 滚动浏览；be used to + n. 习惯于（区别于 used to do 过去常常）；constant 不断的、持续的；skim 略读；interruption 打断；notification 通知；set aside 留出；demanding 费力的、要求高的；capture 吸引、捕获；luxury 奢侈品、奢侈（此处为名词作表语）。 1 Making my way slowly along the cliff (悬崖) face, I gazed (注视) at the great appearance of each temple I passed. As I entered the first cave and looked up at the feitian—an imagined flying god in Buddhist art, I wondered how many hundreds of thousands of others, from near and far, have looked at the same great paintings and statues. Sometime between the 4th and 14th century, Mogao was an important Buddhist center connecting East Asia and South Asia. Hundreds of caves were carved into a cliff face running along the Daquan River. Located on the ancient Silk Road, one of the great trade routes in ancient times, it created an environment of artistic and cultural exchange between the different cultures. My personal adventure to Dunhuang had taken me, by way of train and bus, from Xining in Qinghai Province to Lanzhou in Gansu Province, and through the Jiayu Pass. From there, I continued on through Yumen Pass, also known as the Jade Gate, and crossed the Gobi Desert to find this small and sleepy desert town, and to see these caves for myself. As I explored the temples,I was amazed by the vividness (生动性) of the paintings and statues. It was almost as though they were painted or carved the day before. I had discovered the reason why people travel. There are more than 2,000 coloured statues that were carved 1,500 years ago. More than 1,400statues are well-protected so they can still be appreciated. During the thousand years of artistic activity,the style of the wall paintings and statues changed. The early caves show greater Indian and Western influences,while during the Tang Dynasty the influences of Chinese painting styles became noticeable. Today, the Mogao Caves stand out from the desert like a shinning pearl on the Silk Road. 1．What do we know about Mogao? A．It was a Buddhist center in West Asia. B．It can be easily reached by train and bus. C．It has carved caves on Daquan Mountains. D．It was the meeting point for different cultures. 2．Which is the writer's travelling route (路线) according to paragraph 3? A．B． C．D． 3．What made the writer amazed? A．The well-protected temples. B．The large number of tourists. C．The preserved coloured statues. D．Some paintings made not long ago. 4．Which of the following best describes the wall paintings and statues? A．Highly developed. B．Plain. C．Culturally mixed. D．Noticeable. 2 A traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be effective at reducing complications following a heart attack after a large-scale, clinical trial. The medicine, known as tongxinluo, is made of extracts derived from seven herbs and various animals. The compound, whose name means “to open the network of the heart,” has long been used as a traditional Chinese treatment for patients who have had heart attacks and／or strokes (中风).Based on promising results in cellular (细胞的) and animal models， the State Food and Drug Administration of China approved its use for the treatment of stroke and angina pectoris—a heart condition characterized by reoccurring chest pain-in 1996. The latest study, which has been published in JAMA, represents one of the first times that a traditional Chinese medicine has been tested in a large-scale, Western-style clinical trial. The authors of the study, who include researchers from several Chinese universities and hospitals, in collaboration with experts from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center-found that tongxinluo reduced the risk of heart attacks (known as myocardial infarctions), deaths and other major cardiovascular complications for at least a year after a first heart attack. Matthew Saybolt, a cardiologist with the Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center who was not involved in the latest study, told Newsweek that he found the latest research “compelling” after reviewing the paper. “I am not aware of any other large, well-run trials like this studying traditional Chinese medicine. This is a rarely run type of study, and I congratulate the authors for their work and publication in such a prestigious medical journal,” Saybolt said. The study involved 3,777 patients at 124 clinical centers in China who had suffered the most severe form of heart attack-known as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or STEMI. Saybolt said he also observed some weaknesses in the way the study was conducted, one of which was that the participants were entirely Chinese citizens and predominantly male. “Thus the findings may not be generalizable throughout the world or to women,” he said. “Furthermore, the patients were less frequently-compared to the United States, for example-treated with traditional proven medicine after their myocardial infarctions. Therefore, the effect of the Chinese medicine may have been enlarged, by the lack of patient exposure to proven therapies. Further research will be needed to address these matters, and the benefits shown in this study would need to be copied in other populations before the treatment could get approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. 5．Why did the Chinese authority approve the use of tongxinluo? A．Because it is made of the essence from seven herbs and animals. B．Because it has already been used in traditional Chinese medicine. C．Because it has been published in Western-style journals and magazines. D．Because it has had effective results in treating patients with heart attacks and strokes. 6．What was the limitation of the study? A．The authors have only worked with one university. B．The research subjects are mainly Chinese male. C．The American patients used the unproved medicine. D．The expert Matthew Saybolt did not participate in the study. 7．What is Saybolt’s attitude towards the study? A．Objective. B．Optimistic. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful. 8．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Improvements of the study. B．Weaknesses of the study. C．Results of the study. D．Benefits of the study. 训练 1 Which book you should read based on your next travel destination Haruki Murakami’s “1Q84” is a dystopian adventure that’s perfect for the plane ride to Japan. Famed Japanese author Haruki Murakami creates an alternate 1984 called 1Q84 where nothing feels right and everything is slightly different. Set in Tokyo, Japan, this dystopian, mystery-filled fantasy novel is sure to keep your captivated during your trip. Bring “One Hundred Years of Solitude” to read in South America. A significant work of literature, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s classic follows generations of the Buendia family as they live in their South-American town. Garcia Marquez’s magical realism paired with his lush descriptions makes the book a perfect read for visiting some of the breathtaking sights of South America. Consider picking up “The Great Gatsby” if you’re going to The Hamptons in New York. Although the “West Egg” and “East Egg” in the classic novel more greatly resemble the Great-Neck and Port-Washington peninsulas (半岛) on Long Island, F. Scott Fitzgerald is believed to have been inspired by the Hamptons when crafting this book. Set in the Jazz Age, the book’s decadence, hot summers, and longing for past lovers make it a great companion for pool hopping, charcuterie eating, and luxury shopping in The Hamptons. As you’re travelling around Amsterdam, read “The Fault in Our Stars”. Previously adapted into a film in 2014, John Green’s story of star-crossed teenagers famously includes a trip to Amsterdam. The Anne Frank House and The Rijksmuseum are two of many major destinations mentioned in the book. Plus, the bench from the film adaptation of this novel has ever become its own tourist spot. 1．If you are into parallel existence and you are full of imagination, which book would you like to pick up? A．The Fault in Our Stars. B．One Hundred Years of Solitude. C．1Q84. D．The Great Gatsby. 2．Which one of the followings is NOT true? A．Generations of the Buentia family live in their South-American town. B．One Hundred Years of Solitude is a book mainly about sights of South America. C．“West Egg” and “East Egg” are both place names. D．The Great Gatsby is written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. 3．An excerpt from the book: One might marvel at the insanity (疯狂) of the situation: A mother sends her16-year-old daughter alone with a 17-year old boy out into a foreign city. According to the introduction mentioned above, which city is probably this foreign city? A．Tokyo. B．New York. C．Amsterdam. D．Sao Paulo. 2 I’ve always taken pride in being organized. But my daughter Lizzie’s graduation week proved otherwise. Between my end-of-the-year teaching responsibilities and preparing for her graduation ceremony, my home fell into total disorganization. Each time I rushed out of the door, I whispered to myself: No one will ever know. I’ll fix it tomorrow. Before heading to the graduation ceremony, I glanced back at the clutter and persuaded myself again. At 3:00 am, exhausted but happy, we finally drove home. A security car sped past. My son Adam stood outside our front door, looking worried. “I called the security car,” he explained. “When I came home, the place seemed broken into.” My husband, still catching his breath, immediately asked how long the security staff had stayed to check the house, and Adam replied that they had spent around half an hour conducting a full inspection. Later, I learned that the security team had gone through every inch of our messy house. At that moment, I could picture the security guards driving away, shaking their heads. I can’t imagine living like that: Food everywhere. Clothes thrown all over. The whole scene like a hoarder (囤积癖) situation. My face burned. All the weekend, I had comforted myself with the lie that my chaos was private. But here was the truth: Disorder has a way of revealing itself. The people who saw my mess weren’t judging a busy mother — they were judging a life they assumed was always out of control. Walking upstairs at last, I whispered to myself: Why did I think no one would ever know? That night taught me something deeper. The messes we try to hide — whether in our homes or our hearts — always find a way of being seen. The true inner peace doesn’t come from hiding them perfectly, but from letting others understand the full picture of who we truly are. 4．What does the underlined word “clutter” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．A shortage of budget. B．A pile of papers. C．A collection of valuables. D．A state of disorder. 5．Why did Adam call the security car? A．He found the door was left unlocked. B．He suspected something was wrong. C．He noticed some expensive items missing. D．He wanted to get the furniture removed. 6．How did the author probably feel before going upstairs? A．Relieved. B．Amused. C．Embarrassed. D．Confused. 7．What does the author’s experience show? A．Perfection is not beyond reach. B．It’s never too late to fix a mistake. C．True comfort lies in accepting our real selves. D．Keeping organized is vital to maintaining self-image. 3 Say you’re at a party. Some exchanges are quite pleasant, while others are exhausting. Then you meet someone with whom you instantly connect. The conversation feels effortless. The mystery behind why we click with some people but not others has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Research shows that when we socialize, we not only mirror each other’s behaviors but also sync (同步) our physical states and even brain patterns. Neuroscientists call this “interpersonal synchrony.” You can think of it as an unconscious signal that helps us understand whether someone is a friend or not. So what should we make of all this? We should probably give ourselves a break if we cannot claim to like everyone we meet. “If I’m syncing with you, I can understand and respond to you more easily,” says Dr. Oliver Wilder, a researcher at MIT’s Affective Computing Group. “When we are out of sync,” he says, “the brain has to work harder to correct its predictions.” That is why, when you do click with someone, the connection is so special that it deserves your attention and care. However, synchrony can also become too much — such as when your friend’s stress makes you stressed, and you both become increasingly upset until a big argument breaks out. The key in such situations is to become aware that you may be unconsciously mirroring the other person’s emotions. Once you notice it, simple actions such as deepening your breathing, changing your posture and relaxing your facial muscles can gradually change the rhythm of the interaction, often encouraging the other person to calm down as well. “It’s your natural human tendency to sync with someone else,” says Dr. Richard Palumbo, a Synchrony researcher. “What’s not so natural is being aware of it.” Sometimes we need to disconnect to adjust ourselves and stay true to who we are. But the relationships that last are still the ones where you are in sync more than you are not — and learning to go with this natural rhythm is what matters. 8．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain the cause of social exhaustion. B．To introduce the topic with a familiar scene. C．To compare two types of party conversations. D．To show how scientists study social behavior. 9．What does “interpersonal synchrony” refer to? A．A signal that helps us adapt to new friends. B．An ability only seen among close friends. C．A tendency to copy others’ words and gestures. D．A state of matching others’ inner and outer states. 10．How will our brain react when it is not in sync with others? A．It needs more effort to understand others. B．It gives up related predictions fast. C．It immediately ignores others’ signals. D．It changes our physical states quickly. 11．What conclusion can we draw from the passage? A．Social harmony depends on shared interests. B．Stressful friends should be kept at a distance. C．Synchrony is natural but needs our awareness. D．Lasting friendships require constant synchrony. 4 Kindness is typically understood as actions intended to benefit others at some cost to oneself. Research reveals that while genetic factors play a minor role in shaping these prosocial (亲社会的) habits, individual differences in kindness largely come from children’s everyday experiences outside the home environment. School-based social and emotional learning (SEL) programs aim to provide these crucial experiences, and a growing body of evidence shows they effectively boost prosocial behavior, emotional well-being, and academic performance among young learners. Building on this foundation, researchers developed Learn Kind, an eight-part program specifically designed for students in grades K-8. Rather than simply telling children to “be nice”, the program treats kindness as an object of scientific inquiry. Students are invited to act as “student scientists”, discovering for themselves how compassionate (有同情心的) actions work. Through engaging classroom activities, they perform real-world acts of kindness and directly test hypotheses (假设), such as whether helping others increases personal happiness over time. To evaluate the program, 50 teachers, who reported on more than 1,000 students, participated in a randomized controlled trial. Half of the classes were randomly assigned to teach Learn Kind during the fall term, while the remaining classes served as a waitlist control group. Teachers systematically rated students across various dimensions, including kindness grades, prosocial behavior, emotional management, classroom focus, and academic progress in mathematics and reading. The findings were rather striking. Students in the Learn Kind group improved by roughly one full letter grade in kindness, moving from a C to a B average. They also showed enhanced focus, better peer relationships, and higher test scores. A follow-up assessment conducted three months later revealed that these positive gains largely remained over time. These promising results suggest that kindness is not merely an inborn characteristic, but a skill that can be acquired through structured experience. Researchers hope to expand Learn Kind into a “virtual laboratory”, integrating additional virtues like honesty and gratitude to help children develop into kinder, happier individuals. 12．How does Learn Kind develop kindness in students? A．By lecturing on moral standards. B．By setting prosocial examples. C．By rewarding sympathetic behavior. D．By guiding scientific exploration. 13．What is the purpose of a randomized controlled trial? A．To meet students’ demands. B．To record students’ daily acts of kindness. C．To test the effectiveness of the course. D．To select the most compassionate children. 14．What can be inferred about the Learn Kind group? A．They gained brief mental sharpness. B．They preferred learning within school settings. C．They acquired complicated research techniques. D．They made measurable advances in multiple areas. 15．What does the research prove about kindness? A．It is a trainable quality. B．It calls for collective efforts. C．It is genetically determined. D．It dominates individual happiness. 5 For people living with dementia (痴呆), daily activities gradually grow mentally challenging. They may struggle to dress themselves, manage household chores or follow familiar schedules, losing independence and self-confidence over time. Fortunately, newly-developed AI glasses tailored for dementia sufferers offer a promising future. Scheduled for official launch in the UK in 2027, this pioneering device has produced encouraging results in trials and won wide recognition from users and specialists. Created by CrossSense, the AI glasses contain an inbuilt smart assistant named “Wispy”. It identifies everyday objects and sends timely voice reminders to wearers. The assistant adapts flexibly to individual lifestyles and progressive disease changes. When patients lose track of routine steps, Wispy guides them gently to restore their confidence in daily activities. Engineered for everyday use, the glasses help users with tasks including dressing, housekeeping, drink preparation and family communication. Capable of working with prescription lenses (处方镜片) and hearing aids, it enjoys high practicality for long-term daily use. Weighing under 3 ounces, the device sits lightly on the wearer. Its internal battery runs for one hour, and a matched portable power bank supports all-day outdoor and indoor use. In trial assessments, three-quarters of participants saw marked improvements in life quality. The invention claimed the Longitude Prize on Dementia, an honored award backed by the Alzheimer’s Society and Innovate UK, for its creative and practical value. Among the participants is 70-year-old London resident Carole Grieg, founder of the ForgetMeNots dementia support group. Impressed by the glasses’ ability to preserve users’ independence, Carole commented, “I think it is an excellent concept, with the possibility to provide real, reliable support for people like me.” Carole’s viewpoint resonates (引起共鸣) widely. “For many of us, our world slowly shrinks as the condition advances. Innovations like this bring genuine hope, and I know I will rely on them as my own circumstances shift.” 16．What does paragraph 1 say about the glasses? A．They are aimed at making life easier. B．They are available now for purchase. C．They help treat vision-related conditions. D．They demonstrate UK’s tech development. 17．Which is a feature of Wispy? A．It collects users’ activity data. B．It offers customized guidance. C．It slows the progress of dementia. D．It provides professional medical advice. 18．What can we know about Carole? A．She is the developer of the device. B．She sees the potential of the device. C．She is far from satisfied with the device. D．She owes her survival to the device. 19．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tech Innovation Brings New Hope B．A Cure for Dementia Is Discovered C．Challenges Faced by Dementia Sufferers D．A Designer Behind Pioneering AI Glasses 一、阅读理解 A Apple is expected to present its most radical (重大的，彻底的) iPhone redesign in years this Wednesday — giving new CEO John Ternus an early test of whether he can restart innovation at the tech giant during a challenging time. The California-based company is set to show its first-ever foldable iPhone at its annual product show, alongside new high-end iPhone 18 models. The new device — said to have names like iPhone Ultra or iPhone Fold — is expected to be about the size of a passport when fully folded, with the capacity to fold out to a wider display with a roughly 4:3 aspect ratio (宽高比). The foldable marks a major change to iPhone’s familiar design, coming as Apple looks for another breakout hardware success. Its Vision Pro headset drew wide public attention in 2024 yet has failed to win over consumers. The launch comes days after Ternus took over from longtime CEO Tim Cook last Tuesday. The 50-year-old Apple veteran previously ran the company’s hardware division. He inherits a firm facing doubts over its artificial intelligence strategy, including a long-delayed rebuild of Siri, and whether it can deliver another hit as its current product lines grow old. Whether new products can satisfy picky customers will be a key question for Wednesday’s event. Apple may also present a long-rumored home hub (枢纽，中心设备) with a display and smart-speaker functions, acting as a control center for smart devices and entertainment. Apple is also expected to show finished major system software versions. The foldable will run a special system version adapted for its two-screen design. For years, critics have argued Apple has only improved a decade-old design formula. A successful foldable would silence such criticism and prove the world’s most valuable company can still surprise users. However, a disappointing launch would deepen doubts about Apple’s future and whether Ternus, Cook’s hand-picked successor, is fit to lead the firm into its next decade. 1．What do we know about Apple’s first foldable iPhone? A．It has already been officially named iPhone Ultra. B．It will replace all the existing iPhone 18 models. C．It will open out to a wider screen with an approximately 4:3 aspect ratio. D．It will be as large as a passport when unfolded. 2．What was John Ternus’s position before becoming CEO? A．He led Apple’s artificial intelligence research team. B．He designed the Vision Pro headset in 2024. C．He served as Apple’s longtime head of marketing. D．He was in charge of the company’s hardware department. 3．What can we learn about Apple’s Wednesday event? A．It will mainly focus on the sales data of new products. B．A smart home device may be shown at the event. C．The finished system software will not be displayed. D．The foldable iPhone will use the same system as ordinary iPhones. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward Apple’s new foldable iPhone? A．Objective B．Pessimistic C．Fully supportive D．Indifferent B If someone knocked on your front door intending to murder a guest, would you lie to protect this person: to claim that they aren’t in your house when, in fact, they are? Misleading a would-be murderer in order to save an innocent life is self-evidently better than sticking to the principle that lying is wrong. Or, is it? Philosopher Immanuel Kant gave a different answer: absolute honesty is the only morally justifiable policy. “To be truthful in all declarations is,” he wrote, a “sacred unconditional command of reason, and not to be limited by any expediency”. Untruth is injurious to humanity as a whole, and this makes truth-telling a universal duty. Yet real-world circumstances are rarely so simple. History provides many situations in which such questions became painfully real. During World War II, many Europeans lied to invaders to protect innocent civilians. Among those who joined the resistance movement and were later honored as national heroes, some went far beyond what could reasonably have been expected and struggled with both their deeds and their own heroic status. Courage, therefore, also means accepting responsibility for what follows. Indeed, we may need to be courageous enough to pay a moral price on others’ behalf. Jean Paul Sartre described a young man hesitating between two kinds of morality — his morality of sympathy to his mother who depended on him completely, and the morality of a wider scope as he wished to fight for his country. No moral rule could tell him which duty mattered more. Instead of searching for certainty, Sartre argued, he had to choose for himself — and live with the consequences. According to Sartre, there is simply “too much uncertainty embedded in the situation for any universal framing of duty to resolve it”. And there are no principles to guide our decision. Yet, this is no cause for despair. As Sartre told the young man, “Nothing remains but to trust in our instincts”. It is the courage to act in the absence of certitude that defines the gift of human freedom. We must act, then try to live with the consequences of our actions. While Kant and Sartre reached different conclusions, there is one common ground: an insistence that each of us owes a duty to truth which we must find a way to honor, no matter what our circumstances. Kant believed that truthfulness is the foundation of moral life. Sartre saw that honesty begins with admitting that no universal rule can remove every uncertainty. Most of us will never face the dangers of war. Even so, ordinary life constantly asks us to make choices without complete information or guaranteed success. Every decision, large or small, asks us to accept uncertainty. No matter how strange or terrible the demands our times may make, it is the resolution to bear their burdens honestly that defines us. 5．Which statement explains Kant’s refusal to lie? A．The belief in free will should guide moral decisions. B．Moral duties should remain constant across situations. C．Moral choices should focus on protecting the innocent. D．Personal judgment should outweigh universal principles. 6．What does the word “certitude” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Evidence. B．Support. C．Responsibility. D．Certainty. 7．What does Sartre’s example of the young man mainly illustrate? A．Moral choices may involve conflicting responsibilities. B．Moral courage depends on following universal principles. C．Public duties should be prioritized over family obligations. D．Historical situations can help identify the more important duty. 8．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The Duty to Tell the Truth B．The Courage to Act C．The Moral Price of Lying D．The Gift of Freedom C Kanà: tsyakon yahà: kohwe’ne ase’shón:’a. In Mohawk, this means “I put the vegetables in the soup pot.” and it means a lot to me. Nearly a decade ago, after my grandmother passed, I felt called to her garden, where I spent my time working through layers of earth that held memories. The interesting finds included ceramic dishes, old sneakers, a dirt-stained doll, and a rusty spoon. I packed up the spoon along with my gardening tools, wondering about the meals it saw or the many mouths it fed in its lifetime. After preparing the land, I spread soil and planted seeds. But a historic drought hit. The plants struggled to thrive, and some died. These challenges guided me to think about my ancestors and what a bad growing season would mean for them. Despite our best efforts, gardening humbles us and teaches us that we are still only human, subject to forces beyond our control. Finally, late rain came. The garden was restored with beans, sunflowers, and a special blue corn. A knowledge keeper told me this corn was originally Tuscarora — by planting it, I had actually brought it home. I realized that this gardening project, with its challenges, was itself a homecoming and a way to honor my grandmother. That fall, I tasted the soup at the ceremony. Every vegetable came from our land, grown from seeds carried by ancestors’ hands. Eating it felt healing — my body remembered this reunion. For me, food means connecting to land, honoring traditions, feeding community, and giving thanks for all that sustains us. We continue ceremonies to honor those before us and show love for future generations. The seeds will persist and continue to grow and provide. We exist as humans in the present, but we are aware of our position in a line of continuity that connects descendants and ancestors — much like the seeds. Kanà: tsyakon yahà: kohwe’ne ase’shón:’a. I put the vegetables in the soup pot. 9．What was the author thinking about when collecting the rusty spoon? A．The happy days with grandma. B．Its past experience of being used. C．The delicious soup she could cook. D．Other treasures buried in the garden. 10．What message does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 intend to convey? A．Nature can defeat even the most careful planning. B．Humans should give up farming in drought areas. C．A bad growing season is that important for ancestors. D．Ancestors suffered so much from the natural challenges. 11．What made the author consider gardening a homecoming? A．Rebuilding the garden. B．Recovering a native plant. C．Returning to her birthplace. D．Recalling her grandmother. 12．What do the seeds stand for in the last but one paragraph? A．Powerful nature. B．Honoring ceremonies. C．Generational bonds. D．Supporting community. D More than 30,000 square miles of the Amazon have been lost since the 1970s. About 10,000 acres of forest have been destroyed every day since 1988. Now scientists may have a “secret weapon” that could not only help reforest the Amazon, but other damaged forests around the world. And it comes from soil deep in the region’s past. The people living along today’s Amazonia ameliorated the originally poor soil over many human generations. The soils were enriched with charcoal (木炭) from low-intensity fires for cooking and burning rubbish, animal bones, broken pottery and so on. The fertile (肥沃的) result of these processes is Amazonian dark earth (ADE). According to a study, it now may help reforest the same area where it was created. Researchers conducted controlled experiments in a lab. They sampled ADE and the control soil and filled 36 pots with about 6.6 pounds of soil inside a greenhouse with an average temperature of 94°F, representing future global-warming conditions beyond current average temperatures in Amazonia (between 71 and 82°F). One third of the pots only received the control soil, while another third received a 4 to 1 mixture of the control soil and ADE, and the final third received 100% ADE. Following the experiment, the control soils contained fewer nutrients than they had at the start, which reflects uptake by the plants. However, the 100% ADE soils remained richer than control soils, while nutrient levels were intermediate in the 20 percent ADE soils. “Our data showed ADE contains microorganisms that are better at this transformation of soils, thus providing more resources for plant development,” co-author and biologist Anderson Santos de Freitas said. These results were enough to convince the team that ADE can boost plant growth, but it does come with some caution, “ADE has taken thousands of years to build up and would take an equal time to regenerate in nature if used,” co-author and biologist Siu Mui Tsai said. “Our recommendations aren’t to take advantage of ADE itself, but rather to copy its characteristics, particularly its microorganisms, for use in future ecological restoration projects.” 13．What does the underlined word “ameliorated” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Protected. B．Transformed. C．Balanced. D．Provided. 14．Which aspect of the study does paragraph 3 talk about? A．Its purposes. B．Its backgrounds. C．Its design. D．Its significance. 15．What do the researchers find about ADE? A．It affects global warming. B．It fertilizes poor wild soil. C．It consumes microorganisms. D．It boosts nutrient supply. 16．What suggestion did Siu Mui Tsai put forward? A．Developing natural ADE fully. B．Using ADE to plant more trees. C．Making ADE products earlier. D．Learning from ADE’s features. 二、完形填空 Yesterday, my kids and I were in the costume store, getting ready for Halloween, and they saw a Donald Trump mask. “Is he a good guy or a bad guy?” they asked. I knew they were thinking of the most negative character — Will Ferrell in the film Batman, who starts good but becomes bad over the course of the plot, so I said something about how all people have a little good and a little bad in them. Of course, I wanted to say: “Son, that man is not 17 a bad guy, but one of the worst men our species has ever 18 . He had every privilege, every opportunity to do good, but he chose 19 .” We have the opportunity to make this 20 , every day. Maybe Grandpa Milt was really such a 21 . Decades ago, his mother, on her way home from a late-night meeting of her Jewish charity organization, disappeared. She was discovered by workmen in an abandoned lot the following morning, her clothes 22 , her skull (头骨) broken. Alive but 23 , she was brought to Lincoln Hospital and 24 six hours later. This tragedy left him an orphan (孤儿). However, Grandpa didn’t seek revenge. It’s not his 25 . He was the kind of guy who found a way to make a(n) 26 for himself — through excellence. Milt was hardworking, handsome, kind, and all of this made him known. He 27 from New York University with a degree and became a teacher, finally a billionaire. Most likely, he 28 the heartbreak and toughed his way through it, charged forward, 29 a life worth living, and found peace. There is a superpower worth remembering — 30 a wrong can create positive changes in our world today. Sometimes, 31 is the best revenge. 17．A．truly B．normally C．naturally D．merely 18．A．produced B．accepted C．required D．expected 19．A．pity B．evil C．kindness D．freedom 20．A．mistake B．change C．choice D．effort 21．A．case B．trouble C．scene D．point 22．A．returned B．cleaned C．torn D．burned 23．A．unconscious B．unhappy C．unsatisfied D．unharmed 24．A．broke away B．died away C．died out D．passed away 25．A．day B．way C．pay D．say 26．A．name B．fortune C．decision D．agreement 27．A．resigned B．graduated C．retired D．fled 28．A．made use of B．took pride in C．dealt with D．gave away 29．A．created B．changed C．tested D．saved 30．A．learning B．righting C．sharing D．favoring 31．A．politeness B．brightness C．friendliness D．happiness 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Step into any shopping centre in Singapore and you’re likely 32 (find) waiting lines snaking outside shops with catchy names and bright-coloured signboards. Chinese brands (品牌) like Chagee and Mixue are drawing crowds not just in Asia, but 33 (increasing) worldwide. Alongside fashion labels and toy stores, these tea chains represent a shift from low-cost manufacturing (制造) to globally 34 (recognise) consumer brands. Built in the world’s second-largest consumer market, they already have scale (规模) and operational power. However, intense domestic 35 (compete) makes expanding overseas a necessity. China 36 (be) the world’s workshop over the past decades, producing goods for Western companies. In the meanwhile, local suppliers have been learning how to make and sell goods on a large scale. Companies like Miniso have benefited 37 that kind of know-how. The chain store, 38 sells toys and movie products, now operates stores in over half the 39 (country) around the world, prioritizing consumer experience. Beyond consumer goods, BYD has become the world’s largest electric vehicle maker and is now developing ultra-fast charging systems as an effort to build 40 ecosystem around its vehicles. In short, Chinese companies are no longer defined by low prices. They are building brands, adapting to local markets 41 going head-to-head with established global players. 四、应用文写作 你校英文报Youth Voice栏目正在征稿，对于年轻人是否应当前往偏远地区担任支教老师，同学们持有不同看法。请你围绕“Is It Worthwhile to Be a Volunteer Teacher in Remote Areas?”的讨论，写一篇短文向该栏目投稿。内容包括： 1. 你的观点。 2. 你的理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Is It Worthwhile to Be a Volunteer Teacher in Remote Areas? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $