Unit 5 Period 3 Developing ieas&Presenting ideas（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

分层作业 Unit 5 Period 3 Developing ideas&Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 本地的；本国的___________ 2.观察（到）；注视___________ 3. 提醒，使想起___________ 4.根_________________ 5. 射杀___________________ 6.物种，种________________ 7.凝视，盯着看 ___________ 8..野生动植物________________ 9. 奶油，乳脂___________ 10.材料，成分；因素___________ 11.不受约束的；松散的 ___________ 12.辣椒 __________ 13.甜椒，胡椒粉；___________ 14.洋葱，葱头__________ 【答案】 1．native 2．observe 3．remind 4．root 5．shoot 6．species 7．stare 8．wildlife 9．cream 10．ingredient 11．loose 12．chilli 13．pepper 14. onion 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．The new bridge will successfully ________ (连接) the two towns together. 2．The loss of biodiversity has caused ________ (遍及全世界) worry among biologists. 3．Lonesome George has become a ________ (传说，传奇(故事)) among wildlife protection workers worldwide. 4．The ________(巨大的，特大的) tortoises on the Galápagos Islands drew Darwin’s attention during his voyage. 5．Fossils give us evidence about the ________(原始的，低等的) forms of life on the earth. 6．Scientific research helped break the ________ (神话) about how species came into existence. 7．We are trying to find out the __________ (根源) of the problem. 【答案】 1．connect/link/join 2．worldwide 3．legend 4．giant 5．primitive 6．myth 7．root 三、单句语法填空。 1．More (surprising), plants also use sound to communicate. 2．When a plant is attacked, it sends warning signals to its neighbors. 3．Scientists have discovered that plants can (tell) their friends from enemies. 4．Smoke (detect) are very important in preventing fires. 5．The research shows that plants are far (smart) than we used to think. 6．There has been a sharp (decline) in the number of wild plants. 答案： 1． surprisingly 2．out 3．tell 4．detectors 5．smarter 6．Decline 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 这种植物原产于南美洲。 This kind of plant ________ South America. 2．很难察觉他表情的任何变化。 It was hard ________ any change in his expression. 3．别把这次事故归咎于他。 Don’t ________ him ________ the accident. 4．近年来这个地区野生动物的数量一直在减少。 The number of wild animals in this area ________ in recent years. 5．被眼前的景象吓坏，他僵在原地，不知说什么。 Terrified by the scene in front of him, he  __________ __________  to the spot, wondering what to say. 6．例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能家居将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。 For example, if a water pipe ________________, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will ________________it and provide you with the ________________ information. 【答案】 1．is native to 2．to detect 3．blame for 4．has been declining 5．was rooted 6．starts leaking detect relevant 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五、语法填空 This year marks the 54th anniversary (周年) of the discovery of QingHaoSu, 1 is used as the main part for  the most common and effective antimalarial (抗疟疾的) treatment today. According to the World Health Organization, QingHaoSu is 2 (benefit) to millions of people in the world. Until now, China 3 (train) thousands of anti-malaria workers for developing countries 4 built malaria prevention and control centers for 30 countries. During the 1940s, China was attacked by malaria, with nearly 30 million cases each year. In June 2021, the WHO announced China had finished the 5 (remove) of this disease within its borders. Tu YouYou was excited to hear the WHO’s announcement. But it was natural for a sense of responsibility 6 (follow) quickly, inspiring Tu to ask her workmates how many countries had not defeated malaria and how Chinese researchers could help. During a meeting 7 (organize) by some officials, Tu said 8 number of cases and death rates of malaria have increased in some parts of the world. The disease 9 (remain) a serious public health challenge, and it is important for the international society to work together to achieve a malaria-free world, she added. At the age of 96, Tu may not be able to work as hard as she did decades ago, but she reads monthly news on her team's research and often offers her advice 10 key projects. 【答案】 1．which 2．beneficial 3．has trained 4．and 5．removal 6．to follow 7．organized 8．the 9．remains 10．on 【导语】文章主要讲述青蒿素发现54周年，介绍青蒿素的作用、中国在抗疟疾领域做出的贡献以及屠呦呦对全球消除疟疾的看法。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：今年是青蒿素发现54周年，青蒿素如今是最常见、最有效的抗疟疾治疗药物的主要成分。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是QingHaoSu，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 2．考查形容词。句意：据世界卫生组织称，青蒿素对世界上数百万人有益。提示词作表语表示属性，用形容词beneficial，且be beneficial to是固定短语，意为“对……有益”。 3．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。空白处是谓语动词，根据时间状语Until now可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；主语China是单数，助动词用has。 4．考查连词。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。根据“trained thousands of anti‑malaria workers(培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员)”以及“built malaria prevention and control centers(建立了疟疾防控中心)”可知，两者之间是并列的谓语动作，应用并列连词and连接。 5．考查名词。句意：2021年6月，世界卫生组织宣布中国已在境内消除该疾病。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，提示词remove的名词形式是removal，该词为不可数名词。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随之而来的自然是一份责任感，促使屠呦呦询问同事还有多少国家尚未战胜疟疾，中国研究者可以提供哪些帮助。本句中it为形式主语，根据“for a sense of responsibility”可知本句使用了动词不定式的复合结构，空白处应填动词不定式，作主语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰名词meeting，organize和逻辑主语meeting之间是被动关系，用过去分词。 8．考查冠词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”。 9．考查时态。句意：她补充道，该疾病仍然是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，国际社会通力合作实现无疟疾世界十分重要。空白处为本句谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the disease为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式remains。 10．考查介词。句意：96岁的屠呦呦或许无法像几十年前那样高强度工作，但她会阅读团队每月的研究新闻，并且经常就重点项目给出建议。offer advice on…是固定搭配，意为“就……给出建议。 6． 阅读理解 A While researchers have long known that the global sea level is rising, a new study suggests that many have vastly underestimated how high the ocean waters are today. The study provides a wake-up call. “We finally have a really full-blown, comprehensive effort to sort this out, and the result — it’s somewhat dramatic,” says Torbjorn Tornqvist, a geologist at Tulane University. “It turns out that we’ve been comparing apples to oranges nearly all the time.” Many scientists have estimated coastal sea levels — and the risk they pose to nearby communities — based on calculations involving the Earth’s gravity and rotation (自转), called geoid models. But that’s an oversimplification. “In reality, the sea level is influenced by additional factors such as winds, ocean currents, tides, as well as the temperature and salt content of the seawater,” says study co-author Philip Minderhoud. “The actual amount may therefore differ.” So, Minderhoud and his team analyzed 385 published studies on sea-level rise and coastal risks published from 2009 to 2025. More than 99% of them didn’t use real sea-level measurements, which are available through satellite images and elsewhere, made errors with the data, or didn’t properly document their processes, the team found. Their corrected calculations suggest that calculation gaps are the largest in Southeast Asia, where the coastal sea level is, on average, a little over three feet higher than previously assumed. If the water worldwide rises by that amount — which could happen by 2100 — the researchers estimate that up to 37% more land area and 68% more people, or about 132 million individuals, will be below sea level than past studies have predicted. “Simply put, if sea level in reality is higher for your particular island or coastal city than was previously assumed, the impacts from sea-level rise will materialize sooner than projected,” Minderhoud says. The findings have important implications for people in Southeast Asia and other locations where estimates of sea-level rise have been particularly off, and where people are especially weak against dangers. 1．What is Tornqvist’s attitude to scientists’ dependence on geoid models? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Negative. D．Tolerant. 2．How did Minderhoud and his team prove their assumption? A．By making experiments. B．By quoting an expert. C．By analyzing documents. D．By defining a concept. 3．Why does the author mention the statistics in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate the importance of coasts. B．To compare different kinds of sea levels. C．To indicate the difficulty in correcting. D．To show the result of data inaccuracy. 4．What does the underlined word “materialize” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Occur. B．Gather. C．Stop. D．Survive. B When acoustic (声音的) ecologist Marcus Maeder first placed a listening device in the soil, he was unprepared for what he heard. All sorts of strange sounds flooded his headphones, revealing a dynamic world hidden beneath the seemingly quiet ground. Ecologists have long known that soil is home to vast biodiversity. In just a single cup of dirt, researchers have counted up to 100 million life forms, ranging from tiny bacteria to larger insects and earthworms. These underground creatures play a vital role in cycling nutrients and supporting life on Earth. Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. They’ve found that something as simple as a metal nail pushed into the dirt can become a sort of listening post if equipped with the right sensors. The acoustic data helps scientists answer fundamental questions, like how creatures communicate or when plants grow their roots. Beyond basic research, underground acoustics could also help us take better care of the environment and detect pests (害虫) like root-feeding insects, which cause billions of dollars in damage annually. By identifying the distinctive sounds of these pests, scientists hope to develop more eco-friendly strategies that reduce the need for widespread chemical use. However, scientists are also recording less welcome sounds: human-made noises, such as construction or traffic, are detectable underground. More concerning is the finding that in intensively farmed areas, the natural sounds of soil life are fading, indicating a worrying decline in biodiversity. To help more people realize what we’re in danger of losing, Maeder has started a citizen science project that lends people in Switzerland acoustic sensors to listen for underground activities themselves. The recordings are being gathered into a national library of soil sounds with the hope of raising awareness. Demand so far is high, Maeder says. “The sensors are always booked.” 5．What is the main focus of soil bioacoustics? A．Studying underground life. B．Tracking plant growth. C．Monitoring noise pollution. D．Capturing natural sounds. 6．What is a practical application of soil bioacoustics according to the text? A．Boosting farm output. B．Enabling targeted pest control. C．Improving traditional farming. D．Eliminating the need for chemical use. 7．What does the high demand for sensors in Maeder’s project suggest? A．Public interest in soil ecology. B．Severe decline in soil health. C．Easy access to monitoring tools. D．Need to increase project funding. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why Soil Is No Longer Silent? B．Uncovering an Underground World C．How Human Noise Affects Biodiversity? D．Listening to the Hidden Sounds of Soil 答案: 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项新研究指出，由于科学家们依赖简化模型，全球海平面高度的估算被严重低估，特别是在东南亚地区。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We finally have a really full-blown, comprehensive effort to sort this out, and the result — it’s somewhat dramatic,” says Torbjorn Tornqvist, a geologist at Tulane University. “It turns out that we’ve been comparing apples to oranges nearly all the time.” (“我们终于有了一项真正全面、综合的努力来厘清这个问题，而结果——相当惊人，”杜兰大学地质学家Torbjorn Tornqvist说。“事实证明，我们几乎一直在犯‘拿苹果和橘子比’的错误。”)”可知，Tornqvist对科学家依赖大地水准面模型持否定态度。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So, Minderhoud and his team analyzed 385 published studies on sea-level rise and coastal risks published from 2009 to 2025. (因此，Minderhoud和他的团队分析了2009年至2025年间发表的385项关于海平面上升和沿海风险的研究)”可知，他们通过分析文献来证明自己的假设。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If the water worldwide rises by that amount — which could happen by 2100 — the researchers estimate that up to 37% more land area and 68% more people, or about 132 million individuals, will be below sea level than past studies have predicted. (如果全球海平面上升达到那个幅度——这可能在2100年前发生——研究人员估计，将有比以往研究预测多出37%的陆地面积和68%的人口(约1.32亿人)处于海平面以下)”可知，作者提到这些统计数据是为了展示数据不准确所导致的结果。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“if sea level in reality is higher for your particular island or coastal city than was previously assumed, the impacts from sea-level rise will materialize sooner than projected (如果现实中你的岛屿或沿海城市的海平面高于此前假设，那么海平面上升的影响将比预期更早materialize)”可知，影响将更早“出现”或“发生”。故划线词意为“发生”，与“Occur”同义。 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了土壤生物声学这一新兴科学领域，科学家通过记录土壤中的声音来研究地下生物世界。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. They’ve found that something as simple as a metal nail pushed into the dirt can become a sort of listening post if equipped with the right sensors. The acoustic data helps scientists answer fundamental questions, like how creatures communicate or when plants grow their roots.(如今，在一个相对较新的科学领域——土壤生物声学中，越来越多的生物学家正在收集地下的声音，以此打开一扇通往这个复杂而神秘世界的窗户。他们发现，只需将一枚简单的金属钉插入泥土中，并配备合适的传感器，它就能成为一个监听点。声学数据帮助科学家回答基本问题，例如生物如何交流，或者植物何时生长根系)”可知，土壤生物声学的主要研究重点是地下生命。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Beyond basic research, underground acoustics could also help us take better care of the environment and detect pests (害虫) like root-feeding insects, which cause billions of dollars in damage annually. By identifying the distinctive sounds of these pests, scientists hope to develop more eco-friendly strategies that reduce the need for widespread chemical use.(除了基础研究，地下声学还可以帮助我们更好地保护环境，并检测害虫，如每年造成数十亿美元损失的食根昆虫。通过识别这些害虫的独特声音，科学家希望开发更环保的策略，减少对广泛使用化学品的需求)”可知，土壤生物声学的一个实际应用是实现有针对性的害虫控制。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To help more people realize what we’re in danger of losing, Maeder has started a citizen science project that lends people in Switzerland acoustic sensors to listen for underground activities themselves. The recordings are being gathered into a national library of soil sounds with the hope of raising awareness. Demand so far is high, Maeder says. “The sensors are always booked.” (为了帮助更多人意识到我们面临失去的东西，Maeder启动了一个公民科学项目，向瑞士民众借出声学传感器，让他们自己倾听地下活动。这些录音正在被收集到一个国家土壤声音库中，希望提高人们的意识。Maeder说，到目前为止需求量很高。“传感器总是被预订一空。”)”可推知，传感器的高需求表明公众对土壤生态学的兴趣。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“When acoustic (声音的) ecologist Marcus Maeder first placed a listening device in the soil, he was unprepared for what he heard. All sorts of strange sounds flooded his headphones, revealing a dynamic world hidden beneath the seemingly quiet ground. (当声学生态学家Marcus Maeder第一次将听音设备放入土壤中时，他对所听到的声音毫无准备。各种奇怪的声音涌入他的耳机，揭示了一个隐藏在看似安静的地面之下的动态世界)”和第三段“Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. (如今，在一个相对较新的科学领域——土壤生物声学中，越来越多的生物学家正在收集地下的声音，以此打开一扇通往这个复杂而神秘世界的窗户)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过倾听土壤中的声音来研究地下生物世界。故D项“Listening to the Hidden Sounds of Soil (倾听土壤隐藏的声音)”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。 七、完形填空 We see different natural phenomena around us every day, but few of us really understand why they 1 . From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing, most natural phenomena are based on basic scientific 2 . Learning about them not only helps us know the world better but also makes our life more 3 . A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It appears when sunlight passes through small water 4 in the air, usually after rain. The light splits into different 5 , making a colorful arc in the sky. Many people think rainbows can only be seen after rain, but in fact, they can also appear near waterfalls or on sunny days with heavy mist. Seasonal changes are another common phenomenon. The four seasons happen because the earth 6 around the sun. When part of the earth is closer to the sun, it is summer; when it is 7 away, it is winter. This change also 8 the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle. Many people are afraid of thunder and lightning, but they are also normal natural phenomena. Lightning is caused by the movement of electric charges in clouds, and thunder is the 9 made by lightning heating the air. We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms to keep 10 . Some other small phenomena, like water turning into ice in winter or leaves falling in autumn, are also 11 by scientific rules. We often take them for granted, but if we 12 carefully, we can find science everywhere in our life. Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious and 13 the world. It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition, and makes us think more 14 . We should keep observing and learning to 15 the secrets of nature and science. 1．A．disappear B．happen C．die D．end 2．A．rules B．stories C．dreams D．mistakes 3．A．meaningless B．interesting C．boring D．tiring 4．A．stones B．drops C．trees D．hills 5．A．parts B．sizes C．shapes D．colors 6．A．turns B．runs C．travels D．moves 7．A．farther B．closer C．higher D．lower 8．A．stops B．influences C．harms D．destroys 9．A．light B．sound C．smell D．taste 10．A．safe B．dangerous C．warm D．cold 11．A．controlled B．broken C．stopped D．made 12．A．ignore B．observe C．forget D．hate 13．A．fear B．respect C．damage D．change 14．A．blindly B．wisely C．angrily D．sadly 15．A．discover B．hide C．cover D．lose 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 答案：1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】主要介绍了一些常见自然现象背后的科学原理，如彩虹、季节变化、雷电等，强调了解这些现象不仅能让我们更好地认识世界，还能让生活更有趣，鼓励我们保持观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：我们每天都能看到周围不同的自然现象，但很少有人真正理解它们为什么会发生。A. disappear消失；B. happen发生；C. die死亡；D. end结束。根据前文“but few of us really understand”以及后文“From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing”可知，这里说的是人们不理解自然现象发生的原因。 2．考查名词。句意：从天空中的彩虹到季节的变化，大多数自然现象都基于基本的科学规律。A. rules规律；B. stories故事；C. dreams梦想；D. mistakes错误。根据常识以及后文（倒数第二段）“scientific rules”可知，自然现象基于科学规律。 3．考查形容词。句意：了解它们不仅能帮助我们更好地了解世界，还能让我们的生活更有趣。A. meaningless无意义的；B. interesting有趣的；C. boring无聊的；D. tiring累人的。根据前文“not only helps us know the world better”可知，了解自然现象背后的科学知识会让生活更有趣。 4．考查名词。句意：当阳光穿过空气中的小水滴时，彩虹就会出现，通常是在雨后。A. stones石头；B. drops水滴；C. trees树；D. hills小山。根据后文“usually after rain.”可知，彩虹形成与空气中的小水滴有关。 5．考查名词。句意：光线分裂成不同的颜色，在天空中形成一道彩色的弧线。A. parts部分；B. sizes尺寸；C. shapes形状；D. colors颜色。根据后文“making a colorful arc”可知，彩虹呈现出不同颜色，是因为光分裂成不同颜色。 6．考查动词。句意：四季的形成是因为地球围绕太阳转动。A. turns转动（常指自身转动）；B. runs跑；C. travels旅行；D. moves移动，根据常识可知，地球绕太阳公转。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：当地球的一部分离太阳更近时，就是夏天；当它离得更远时，就是冬天。A. farther更远；B. closer更近；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。与前面“closer to the sun”相对，这里指离太阳更远是冬天。 8．考查动词。句意：这种变化也影响植物的生长和动物的活动，形成一个平衡的自然循环。A. stops停止；B. influences影响；C. harms伤害；D. destroys破坏。根据后文“the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle.”可知，季节变化对动植物有影响，从而形成自然循环。 9．考查名词。句意：闪电是由云层中电荷的移动引起的，而雷声是闪电加热空气产生的声音。A. light光；B. sound声音；C. smell气味；D. taste味道。根据前文“thunder”以及常识可知，雷声是一种声音。 10．考查形容词。句意：在雷雨中，我们应该远离开阔的地方和高大的树木以确保安全。A. safe安全的；B. dangerous危险的；C. warm温暖的；D. cold寒冷的。根据前文“We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms”可知，远离这些地方是为了保证安全。 11．考查动词。句意：其他一些小现象，比如冬天水结冰或秋天树叶掉落，也受科学规律的控制。A. controlled控制；B. broken打破；C. stopped停止；D. made制作。根据后文“by scientific rules.”可知，这些自然现象受科学规律控制。 12．考查动词。句意：我们常常认为它们是理所当然的，但如果我们仔细观察，就能在生活中处处发现科学。A. ignore忽视；B. observe观察；C. forget忘记；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“we can find science everywhere in our life.”可知，仔细观察才能发现生活中的科学。 13．考查动词。句意：了解自然现象教会我们保持好奇并尊重世界。A. fear害怕；B. respect尊重；C. damage破坏；D. change改变。根据前文“Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious”可知，了解自然现象让我们尊重世界。 14．考查副词。句意：它帮助我们区分科学与迷信，让我们更明智地思考。A. blindly盲目地；B. wisely明智地；C. angrily生气地；D. sadly悲伤地。根据前文“It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition”可知，了解自然现象能让人明智思考。 15．考查动词。句意：我们应该持续观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。A. discover发现；B. hide隐藏；C. cover覆盖；D. lose失去。根据前文“We should keep observing and learning”可知，观察学习是为了发现自然和科学的秘密。 A （2025·天津·高考真题）There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory (跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal (鼻子的) intelligence. 1．What is the author’s purpose of mentioning wine experts in Paragraph 1? A．To present a misunderstanding. B．To support a commonly held view. C．To share a personal experience. D．To criticize a certain group of people. 2．What did researchers find about the human sense of smell a decade ago? A．Humans are very sensitive to natural gas. B．Humans can smell extremely weak odours. C．Humans excel in identifying chemicals in the air. D．Humans do worse in detecting smells than animals. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Overusing the sense of smell may weaken other senses. B．Hunger has little connection with the sense of smell. C．The colour of food may help bring out its smell. D．Sharpening the senses boosts memory capacity. 4．When predicting a smell, the brain may make a re-evaluation if________. A．an unpleasant smell is quickly detected B．cross-sensory influences are maximized C．the sense of smell is frequently disturbed D．the perceived smell goes against the expectation 5．According to Paragraph 5, the evolution of the sense of smell has much to do with________. A．easy access to food sources B．human curiosity about nature C．sensory knowledge about food D．dangers in natural environments 6．What does the passage focus on? A．How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B．How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C．How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D．How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. B （2025·天津·高考真题）Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 7．Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B．To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C．To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D．To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 8．What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A．Broader science education. B．More advanced facilities for experiments. C．Deeper understanding of the brain power. D．More investment in next-generation scientists. 9．How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A．They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B．They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C．They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D．They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 10．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 11．What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A．Correct ideas are testable. B．Untestable ideas can be true. C．Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D．An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 答案：1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们对葡萄酒专家的看法存在误导，实则人类嗅觉十分灵敏，且会结合多种感官与自身状态运作，嗅觉进化与食物感官知识相关，能让生活更鲜活。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell.(对于葡萄酒专家，人们总会有些反感的地方。品酒活动已成为特权阶层的典型代表，这些人整天都沉浸在一杯上等葡萄酒之中。这种对葡萄酒专家的负面看法不仅不正确，而且也是对我们的嗅觉能力普遍贬低的一部分)”可推知，作者提及葡萄酒专家的目的是指出一种误解。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs.(十年前，研究人员发现，人类往往能在比动物更低浓度的情况下察觉到气味，其嗅觉能力甚至超过了除狗之外的大多数其他动物)”可知，十年前研究人员发现人类能够闻到极其微弱的气味。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel.(尽管我们的大脑在进行视觉分析方面表现出色，但人类的嗅觉却能对周围环境形成整体印象，这种印象是综合了我们所有感官所获取的信息。当我们闻到一种气味时，我们会根据所看到的、听到的、想到的以及所感受到的来对其进行解读)”可知，嗅觉会结合视觉、听觉等其他感官进行解读。由此推知，食物的颜色可能有助于增强其气味。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling.(大脑尤其会致力于对未来气味进行预测，而当这些预测被一种令人意外的气味所打破时，大脑的多个区域会做出反应，试图重新评估我们实际所闻到的气味)”可知，在预测一种气味时，如果所感知到的气味与预期不符，大脑可能会重新进行评估。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第五段“Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences.(葡萄酒专家在嗅觉预测方面非常出色。浅宝石红色的色泽可能会引导专家从一款优质葡萄酒中嗅出苹果或草莓的香气。嗅觉的进化是在自然环境中发生的，当时感官需要协同工作以寻找潜在的食物来源并记住食用它们的后果。葡萄酒品鉴师的出色能力得益于他们对感官对应关系的了解)”可知，嗅觉的进化与对食物的感官认知有着密切关系。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers.(事实上，人类是敏感的嗅觉动物)”结合文章围绕嗅觉展开，核心论述嗅觉并非独立运作，而是结合视觉、听觉、情绪等其他感官，通过预测、评估等过程发挥作用。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是嗅觉是如何通过与其他感官的相互作用而发挥作用的。故选B。 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出科学是探索宇宙的有力工具，但存在局限，包括需先进设备、人类认知待进化、有根本性难题难突破，还补充不可测试的想法未必错误。 【详解】7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. (科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于其有效应用至关重要。有时我会把刀柄当作锤子来使用，但要是手边有更合适的工具就好了。就科学而言，它在能进行测试的事物上表现得非常出色，但对于那些无法测试的事物则不然。)”可知，作者在第一段中提及“刀”和“锤子”是为了强调使用合适的工具以达到预期效果的重要性。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. (我们的大脑能够完成并且已经完成了大量的工作。但也有其局限性。有时，如果我们持续努力足够长的时间，这些局限性就会消失——我们只是需要更先进的设备和实验来得出答案。以这种方式在现代科学领域开辟新领域可能会耗费大量资源。下一代超级计算机或极其巨大的望远镜价格不菲，但这些可能是解决宇宙中一些未解之谜所必需的。)”可知，在科学领域开拓新领域时，通常需要更先进的实验设备。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. (倘若我们的DNA进化程度再提高1.2%呢？那我们的大脑又会具备怎样的能力呢？抽象思维的水平或许会令人难以想象。)”可知，作者认为人类的认知能力尚未进一步进化以更好地了解宇宙。故选C。 10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方。)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. (如果一个想法无法进行验证，这并不意味着它就是错误的。这意味着目前它还无法被验证。而这些无法验证的想法恰恰往往是最具趣味性的，可能是因为它们已经困扰人类数百年之久。)”可知，作者认为不可测试的想法也可能是正确的。故选B。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 3 Developing ideas&Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】 1．native 2．observe 3．remind 4．root 5．shoot 6．species 7．stare 8．wildlife 9．cream 10．ingredient 11．loose 12．chilli 13．pepper 14. onion 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 【答案】 1．connect/link/join 2．worldwide 3．legend 4．giant 5．primitive 6．myth 7．root 三、单句语法填空 【答案】 1． surprisingly 2．out 3．tell 4．detectors 5．smarter 6．Decline 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】 1．is native to 2．to detect 3．blame for 4．has been declining 5．was rooted 6．starts leaking detect relevant 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五、语法填空 【答案】 1．which 2．beneficial 3．has trained 4．and 5．removal 6．to follow 7．organized 8．the 9．remains 10．on 【导语】文章主要讲述青蒿素发现54周年，介绍青蒿素的作用、中国在抗疟疾领域做出的贡献以及屠呦呦对全球消除疟疾的看法。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：今年是青蒿素发现54周年，青蒿素如今是最常见、最有效的抗疟疾治疗药物的主要成分。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是QingHaoSu，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 2．考查形容词。句意：据世界卫生组织称，青蒿素对世界上数百万人有益。提示词作表语表示属性，用形容词beneficial，且be beneficial to是固定短语，意为“对……有益”。 3．考查时态。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。空白处是谓语动词，根据时间状语Until now可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时；主语China是单数，助动词用has。 4．考查连词。句意：到目前为止，中国已经为发展中国家培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员，并为30个国家建立了疟疾防控中心。根据“trained thousands of anti‑malaria workers(培训了数千名抗疟疾工作人员)”以及“built malaria prevention and control centers(建立了疟疾防控中心)”可知，两者之间是并列的谓语动作，应用并列连词and连接。 5．考查名词。句意：2021年6月，世界卫生组织宣布中国已在境内消除该疾病。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，提示词remove的名词形式是removal，该词为不可数名词。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：但随之而来的自然是一份责任感，促使屠呦呦询问同事还有多少国家尚未战胜疟疾，中国研究者可以提供哪些帮助。本句中it为形式主语，根据“for a sense of responsibility”可知本句使用了动词不定式的复合结构，空白处应填动词不定式，作主语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰名词meeting，organize和逻辑主语meeting之间是被动关系，用过去分词。 8．考查冠词。句意：在一些官员组织的一场会议上，屠呦呦表示，世界部分地区疟疾病例数与死亡率有所上升。the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”。 9．考查时态。句意：她补充道，该疾病仍然是一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，国际社会通力合作实现无疟疾世界十分重要。空白处为本句谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the disease为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式remains。 10．考查介词。句意：96岁的屠呦呦或许无法像几十年前那样高强度工作，但她会阅读团队每月的研究新闻，并且经常就重点项目给出建议。offer advice on…是固定搭配，意为“就……给出建议。 6． 阅读理解 答案: 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项新研究指出，由于科学家们依赖简化模型，全球海平面高度的估算被严重低估，特别是在东南亚地区。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We finally have a really full-blown, comprehensive effort to sort this out, and the result — it’s somewhat dramatic,” says Torbjorn Tornqvist, a geologist at Tulane University. “It turns out that we’ve been comparing apples to oranges nearly all the time.” (“我们终于有了一项真正全面、综合的努力来厘清这个问题，而结果——相当惊人，”杜兰大学地质学家Torbjorn Tornqvist说。“事实证明，我们几乎一直在犯‘拿苹果和橘子比’的错误。”)”可知，Tornqvist对科学家依赖大地水准面模型持否定态度。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“So, Minderhoud and his team analyzed 385 published studies on sea-level rise and coastal risks published from 2009 to 2025. (因此，Minderhoud和他的团队分析了2009年至2025年间发表的385项关于海平面上升和沿海风险的研究)”可知，他们通过分析文献来证明自己的假设。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“If the water worldwide rises by that amount — which could happen by 2100 — the researchers estimate that up to 37% more land area and 68% more people, or about 132 million individuals, will be below sea level than past studies have predicted. (如果全球海平面上升达到那个幅度——这可能在2100年前发生——研究人员估计，将有比以往研究预测多出37%的陆地面积和68%的人口(约1.32亿人)处于海平面以下)”可知，作者提到这些统计数据是为了展示数据不准确所导致的结果。 4．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“if sea level in reality is higher for your particular island or coastal city than was previously assumed, the impacts from sea-level rise will materialize sooner than projected (如果现实中你的岛屿或沿海城市的海平面高于此前假设，那么海平面上升的影响将比预期更早materialize)”可知，影响将更早“出现”或“发生”。故划线词意为“发生”，与“Occur”同义。 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了土壤生物声学这一新兴科学领域，科学家通过记录土壤中的声音来研究地下生物世界。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. They’ve found that something as simple as a metal nail pushed into the dirt can become a sort of listening post if equipped with the right sensors. The acoustic data helps scientists answer fundamental questions, like how creatures communicate or when plants grow their roots.(如今，在一个相对较新的科学领域——土壤生物声学中，越来越多的生物学家正在收集地下的声音，以此打开一扇通往这个复杂而神秘世界的窗户。他们发现，只需将一枚简单的金属钉插入泥土中，并配备合适的传感器，它就能成为一个监听点。声学数据帮助科学家回答基本问题，例如生物如何交流，或者植物何时生长根系)”可知，土壤生物声学的主要研究重点是地下生命。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Beyond basic research, underground acoustics could also help us take better care of the environment and detect pests (害虫) like root-feeding insects, which cause billions of dollars in damage annually. By identifying the distinctive sounds of these pests, scientists hope to develop more eco-friendly strategies that reduce the need for widespread chemical use.(除了基础研究，地下声学还可以帮助我们更好地保护环境，并检测害虫，如每年造成数十亿美元损失的食根昆虫。通过识别这些害虫的独特声音，科学家希望开发更环保的策略，减少对广泛使用化学品的需求)”可知，土壤生物声学的一个实际应用是实现有针对性的害虫控制。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To help more people realize what we’re in danger of losing, Maeder has started a citizen science project that lends people in Switzerland acoustic sensors to listen for underground activities themselves. The recordings are being gathered into a national library of soil sounds with the hope of raising awareness. Demand so far is high, Maeder says. “The sensors are always booked.” (为了帮助更多人意识到我们面临失去的东西，Maeder启动了一个公民科学项目，向瑞士民众借出声学传感器，让他们自己倾听地下活动。这些录音正在被收集到一个国家土壤声音库中，希望提高人们的意识。Maeder说，到目前为止需求量很高。“传感器总是被预订一空。”)”可推知，传感器的高需求表明公众对土壤生态学的兴趣。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“When acoustic (声音的) ecologist Marcus Maeder first placed a listening device in the soil, he was unprepared for what he heard. All sorts of strange sounds flooded his headphones, revealing a dynamic world hidden beneath the seemingly quiet ground. (当声学生态学家Marcus Maeder第一次将听音设备放入土壤中时，他对所听到的声音毫无准备。各种奇怪的声音涌入他的耳机，揭示了一个隐藏在看似安静的地面之下的动态世界)”和第三段“Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. (如今，在一个相对较新的科学领域——土壤生物声学中，越来越多的生物学家正在收集地下的声音，以此打开一扇通往这个复杂而神秘世界的窗户)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过倾听土壤中的声音来研究地下生物世界。故D项“Listening to the Hidden Sounds of Soil (倾听土壤隐藏的声音)”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。 七、完形填空 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．A 【导语】主要介绍了一些常见自然现象背后的科学原理，如彩虹、季节变化、雷电等，强调了解这些现象不仅能让我们更好地认识世界，还能让生活更有趣，鼓励我们保持观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。 【详解】1．考查动词。句意：我们每天都能看到周围不同的自然现象，但很少有人真正理解它们为什么会发生。A. disappear消失；B. happen发生；C. die死亡；D. end结束。根据前文“but few of us really understand”以及后文“From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing”可知，这里说的是人们不理解自然现象发生的原因。 2．考查名词。句意：从天空中的彩虹到季节的变化，大多数自然现象都基于基本的科学规律。A. rules规律；B. stories故事；C. dreams梦想；D. mistakes错误。根据常识以及后文（倒数第二段）“scientific rules”可知，自然现象基于科学规律。 3．考查形容词。句意：了解它们不仅能帮助我们更好地了解世界，还能让我们的生活更有趣。A. meaningless无意义的；B. interesting有趣的；C. boring无聊的；D. tiring累人的。根据前文“not only helps us know the world better”可知，了解自然现象背后的科学知识会让生活更有趣。 4．考查名词。句意：当阳光穿过空气中的小水滴时，彩虹就会出现，通常是在雨后。A. stones石头；B. drops水滴；C. trees树；D. hills小山。根据后文“usually after rain.”可知，彩虹形成与空气中的小水滴有关。 5．考查名词。句意：光线分裂成不同的颜色，在天空中形成一道彩色的弧线。A. parts部分；B. sizes尺寸；C. shapes形状；D. colors颜色。根据后文“making a colorful arc”可知，彩虹呈现出不同颜色，是因为光分裂成不同颜色。 6．考查动词。句意：四季的形成是因为地球围绕太阳转动。A. turns转动（常指自身转动）；B. runs跑；C. travels旅行；D. moves移动，根据常识可知，地球绕太阳公转。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：当地球的一部分离太阳更近时，就是夏天；当它离得更远时，就是冬天。A. farther更远；B. closer更近；C. higher更高；D. lower更低。与前面“closer to the sun”相对，这里指离太阳更远是冬天。 8．考查动词。句意：这种变化也影响植物的生长和动物的活动，形成一个平衡的自然循环。A. stops停止；B. influences影响；C. harms伤害；D. destroys破坏。根据后文“the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle.”可知，季节变化对动植物有影响，从而形成自然循环。 9．考查名词。句意：闪电是由云层中电荷的移动引起的，而雷声是闪电加热空气产生的声音。A. light光；B. sound声音；C. smell气味；D. taste味道。根据前文“thunder”以及常识可知，雷声是一种声音。 10．考查形容词。句意：在雷雨中，我们应该远离开阔的地方和高大的树木以确保安全。A. safe安全的；B. dangerous危险的；C. warm温暖的；D. cold寒冷的。根据前文“We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms”可知，远离这些地方是为了保证安全。 11．考查动词。句意：其他一些小现象，比如冬天水结冰或秋天树叶掉落，也受科学规律的控制。A. controlled控制；B. broken打破；C. stopped停止；D. made制作。根据后文“by scientific rules.”可知，这些自然现象受科学规律控制。 12．考查动词。句意：我们常常认为它们是理所当然的，但如果我们仔细观察，就能在生活中处处发现科学。A. ignore忽视；B. observe观察；C. forget忘记；D. hate讨厌。根据后文“we can find science everywhere in our life.”可知，仔细观察才能发现生活中的科学。 13．考查动词。句意：了解自然现象教会我们保持好奇并尊重世界。A. fear害怕；B. respect尊重；C. damage破坏；D. change改变。根据前文“Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious”可知，了解自然现象让我们尊重世界。 14．考查副词。句意：它帮助我们区分科学与迷信，让我们更明智地思考。A. blindly盲目地；B. wisely明智地；C. angrily生气地；D. sadly悲伤地。根据前文“It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition”可知，了解自然现象能让人明智思考。 15．考查动词。句意：我们应该持续观察和学习，去发现自然与科学的秘密。A. discover发现；B. hide隐藏；C. cover覆盖；D. lose失去。根据前文“We should keep observing and learning”可知，观察学习是为了发现自然和科学的秘密。 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们对葡萄酒专家的看法存在误导，实则人类嗅觉十分灵敏，且会结合多种感官与自身状态运作，嗅觉进化与食物感官知识相关，能让生活更鲜活。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell.(对于葡萄酒专家，人们总会有些反感的地方。品酒活动已成为特权阶层的典型代表，这些人整天都沉浸在一杯上等葡萄酒之中。这种对葡萄酒专家的负面看法不仅不正确，而且也是对我们的嗅觉能力普遍贬低的一部分)”可推知，作者提及葡萄酒专家的目的是指出一种误解。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs.(十年前，研究人员发现，人类往往能在比动物更低浓度的情况下察觉到气味，其嗅觉能力甚至超过了除狗之外的大多数其他动物)”可知，十年前研究人员发现人类能够闻到极其微弱的气味。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel.(尽管我们的大脑在进行视觉分析方面表现出色，但人类的嗅觉却能对周围环境形成整体印象，这种印象是综合了我们所有感官所获取的信息。当我们闻到一种气味时，我们会根据所看到的、听到的、想到的以及所感受到的来对其进行解读)”可知，嗅觉会结合视觉、听觉等其他感官进行解读。由此推知，食物的颜色可能有助于增强其气味。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling.(大脑尤其会致力于对未来气味进行预测，而当这些预测被一种令人意外的气味所打破时，大脑的多个区域会做出反应，试图重新评估我们实际所闻到的气味)”可知，在预测一种气味时，如果所感知到的气味与预期不符，大脑可能会重新进行评估。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第五段“Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences.(葡萄酒专家在嗅觉预测方面非常出色。浅宝石红色的色泽可能会引导专家从一款优质葡萄酒中嗅出苹果或草莓的香气。嗅觉的进化是在自然环境中发生的，当时感官需要协同工作以寻找潜在的食物来源并记住食用它们的后果。葡萄酒品鉴师的出色能力得益于他们对感官对应关系的了解)”可知，嗅觉的进化与对食物的感官认知有着密切关系。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers.(事实上，人类是敏感的嗅觉动物)”结合文章围绕嗅觉展开，核心论述嗅觉并非独立运作，而是结合视觉、听觉、情绪等其他感官，通过预测、评估等过程发挥作用。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是嗅觉是如何通过与其他感官的相互作用而发挥作用的。故选B。 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出科学是探索宇宙的有力工具，但存在局限，包括需先进设备、人类认知待进化、有根本性难题难突破，还补充不可测试的想法未必错误。 【详解】7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. (科学是解开宇宙奥秘的有力工具，但了解其局限性对于其有效应用至关重要。有时我会把刀柄当作锤子来使用，但要是手边有更合适的工具就好了。就科学而言，它在能进行测试的事物上表现得非常出色，但对于那些无法测试的事物则不然。)”可知，作者在第一段中提及“刀”和“锤子”是为了强调使用合适的工具以达到预期效果的重要性。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. (我们的大脑能够完成并且已经完成了大量的工作。但也有其局限性。有时，如果我们持续努力足够长的时间，这些局限性就会消失——我们只是需要更先进的设备和实验来得出答案。以这种方式在现代科学领域开辟新领域可能会耗费大量资源。下一代超级计算机或极其巨大的望远镜价格不菲，但这些可能是解决宇宙中一些未解之谜所必需的。)”可知，在科学领域开拓新领域时，通常需要更先进的实验设备。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. (倘若我们的DNA进化程度再提高1.2%呢？那我们的大脑又会具备怎样的能力呢？抽象思维的水平或许会令人难以想象。)”可知，作者认为人类的认知能力尚未进一步进化以更好地了解宇宙。故选C。 10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. (有时我们所遭遇的限制是根本性的。存在着一些自然法则，即便我们的大脑变得再先进，我们也可能永远无法理解。还有一些实验我们可能永远无法进行。我们或许永远无法验证是什么导致了宇宙的诞生，以及是什么导致了宇宙诞生的原因。这就是科学可能永远无法取得突破的地方。)”可知，第4段传达了有些关于宇宙的谜题远远超出了科学探索的范畴。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. (如果一个想法无法进行验证，这并不意味着它就是错误的。这意味着目前它还无法被验证。而这些无法验证的想法恰恰往往是最具趣味性的，可能是因为它们已经困扰人类数百年之久。)”可知，作者认为不可测试的想法也可能是正确的。故选B。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 3 Developing ideas&Presenting ideas 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 本地的；本国的___________ 2.观察（到）；注视___________ 3. 提醒，使想起___________ 4.根_________________ 5. 射杀___________________ 6.物种，种________________ 7.凝视，盯着看 ___________ 8..野生动植物________________ 9. 奶油，乳脂___________ 10.材料，成分；因素___________ 11.不受约束的；松散的 ___________ 12.辣椒 __________ 13.甜椒，胡椒粉；___________ 14.洋葱，葱头__________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．The new bridge will successfully ________ (连接) the two towns together. 2．The loss of biodiversity has caused ________ (遍及全世界) worry among biologists. 3．Lonesome George has become a ________ (传说，传奇(故事)) among wildlife protection workers worldwide. 4．The ________(巨大的，特大的) tortoises on the Galápagos Islands drew Darwin’s attention during his voyage. 5．Fossils give us evidence about the ________(原始的，低等的) forms of life on the earth. 6．Scientific research helped break the ________ (神话) about how species came into existence. 7．We are trying to find out the __________ (根源) of the problem. 三、单句语法填空。 1．More (surprising), plants also use sound to communicate. 2．When a plant is attacked, it sends warning signals to its neighbors. 3．Scientists have discovered that plants can (tell) their friends from enemies. 4．Smoke (detect) are very important in preventing fires. 5．The research shows that plants are far (smart) than we used to think. 6．There has been a sharp (decline) in the number of wild plants. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 这种植物原产于南美洲。 This kind of plant ________ South America. 2．很难察觉他表情的任何变化。 It was hard ________ any change in his expression. 3．别把这次事故归咎于他。 Don’t ________ him ________ the accident. 4．近年来这个地区野生动物的数量一直在减少。 The number of wild animals in this area ________ in recent years. 5．被眼前的景象吓坏，他僵在原地，不知说什么。 Terrified by the scene in front of him, he  __________ __________  to the spot, wondering what to say. 6．例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能家居将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。 For example, if a water pipe ________________, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will ________________it and provide you with the ________________ information. 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五、语法填空 This year marks the 54th anniversary (周年) of the discovery of QingHaoSu, 1 is used as the main part for  the most common and effective antimalarial (抗疟疾的) treatment today. According to the World Health Organization, QingHaoSu is 2 (benefit) to millions of people in the world. Until now, China 3 (train) thousands of anti-malaria workers for developing countries 4 built malaria prevention and control centers for 30 countries. During the 1940s, China was attacked by malaria, with nearly 30 million cases each year. In June 2021, the WHO announced China had finished the 5 (remove) of this disease within its borders. Tu YouYou was excited to hear the WHO’s announcement. But it was natural for a sense of responsibility 6 (follow) quickly, inspiring Tu to ask her workmates how many countries had not defeated malaria and how Chinese researchers could help. During a meeting 7 (organize) by some officials, Tu said 8 number of cases and death rates of malaria have increased in some parts of the world. The disease 9 (remain) a serious public health challenge, and it is important for the international society to work together to achieve a malaria-free world, she added. At the age of 96, Tu may not be able to work as hard as she did decades ago, but she reads monthly news on her team's research and often offers her advice 10 key projects. 6． 阅读理解 A While researchers have long known that the global sea level is rising, a new study suggests that many have vastly underestimated how high the ocean waters are today. The study provides a wake-up call. “We finally have a really full-blown, comprehensive effort to sort this out, and the result — it’s somewhat dramatic,” says Torbjorn Tornqvist, a geologist at Tulane University. “It turns out that we’ve been comparing apples to oranges nearly all the time.” Many scientists have estimated coastal sea levels — and the risk they pose to nearby communities — based on calculations involving the Earth’s gravity and rotation (自转), called geoid models. But that’s an oversimplification. “In reality, the sea level is influenced by additional factors such as winds, ocean currents, tides, as well as the temperature and salt content of the seawater,” says study co-author Philip Minderhoud. “The actual amount may therefore differ.” So, Minderhoud and his team analyzed 385 published studies on sea-level rise and coastal risks published from 2009 to 2025. More than 99% of them didn’t use real sea-level measurements, which are available through satellite images and elsewhere, made errors with the data, or didn’t properly document their processes, the team found. Their corrected calculations suggest that calculation gaps are the largest in Southeast Asia, where the coastal sea level is, on average, a little over three feet higher than previously assumed. If the water worldwide rises by that amount — which could happen by 2100 — the researchers estimate that up to 37% more land area and 68% more people, or about 132 million individuals, will be below sea level than past studies have predicted. “Simply put, if sea level in reality is higher for your particular island or coastal city than was previously assumed, the impacts from sea-level rise will materialize sooner than projected,” Minderhoud says. The findings have important implications for people in Southeast Asia and other locations where estimates of sea-level rise have been particularly off, and where people are especially weak against dangers. 1．What is Tornqvist’s attitude to scientists’ dependence on geoid models? A．Favorable. B．Unconcerned. C．Negative. D．Tolerant. 2．How did Minderhoud and his team prove their assumption? A．By making experiments. B．By quoting an expert. C．By analyzing documents. D．By defining a concept. 3．Why does the author mention the statistics in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate the importance of coasts. B．To compare different kinds of sea levels. C．To indicate the difficulty in correcting. D．To show the result of data inaccuracy. 4．What does the underlined word “materialize” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Occur. B．Gather. C．Stop. D．Survive. B When acoustic (声音的) ecologist Marcus Maeder first placed a listening device in the soil, he was unprepared for what he heard. All sorts of strange sounds flooded his headphones, revealing a dynamic world hidden beneath the seemingly quiet ground. Ecologists have long known that soil is home to vast biodiversity. In just a single cup of dirt, researchers have counted up to 100 million life forms, ranging from tiny bacteria to larger insects and earthworms. These underground creatures play a vital role in cycling nutrients and supporting life on Earth. Now, in a relatively new scientific field, known as soil bioacoustics, a growing number of biologists are collecting underground noises to open a window into this complex and mysterious world. They’ve found that something as simple as a metal nail pushed into the dirt can become a sort of listening post if equipped with the right sensors. The acoustic data helps scientists answer fundamental questions, like how creatures communicate or when plants grow their roots. Beyond basic research, underground acoustics could also help us take better care of the environment and detect pests (害虫) like root-feeding insects, which cause billions of dollars in damage annually. By identifying the distinctive sounds of these pests, scientists hope to develop more eco-friendly strategies that reduce the need for widespread chemical use. However, scientists are also recording less welcome sounds: human-made noises, such as construction or traffic, are detectable underground. More concerning is the finding that in intensively farmed areas, the natural sounds of soil life are fading, indicating a worrying decline in biodiversity. To help more people realize what we’re in danger of losing, Maeder has started a citizen science project that lends people in Switzerland acoustic sensors to listen for underground activities themselves. The recordings are being gathered into a national library of soil sounds with the hope of raising awareness. Demand so far is high, Maeder says. “The sensors are always booked.” 5．What is the main focus of soil bioacoustics? A．Studying underground life. B．Tracking plant growth. C．Monitoring noise pollution. D．Capturing natural sounds. 6．What is a practical application of soil bioacoustics according to the text? A．Boosting farm output. B．Enabling targeted pest control. C．Improving traditional farming. D．Eliminating the need for chemical use. 7．What does the high demand for sensors in Maeder’s project suggest? A．Public interest in soil ecology. B．Severe decline in soil health. C．Easy access to monitoring tools. D．Need to increase project funding. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why Soil Is No Longer Silent? B．Uncovering an Underground World C．How Human Noise Affects Biodiversity? D．Listening to the Hidden Sounds of Soil 七、完形填空 We see different natural phenomena around us every day, but few of us really understand why they 1 . From rainbows in the sky to seasons changing, most natural phenomena are based on basic scientific 2 . Learning about them not only helps us know the world better but also makes our life more 3 . A rainbow is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It appears when sunlight passes through small water 4 in the air, usually after rain. The light splits into different 5 , making a colorful arc in the sky. Many people think rainbows can only be seen after rain, but in fact, they can also appear near waterfalls or on sunny days with heavy mist. Seasonal changes are another common phenomenon. The four seasons happen because the earth 6 around the sun. When part of the earth is closer to the sun, it is summer; when it is 7 away, it is winter. This change also 8 the growth of plants and the activities of animals, forming a balanced natural cycle. Many people are afraid of thunder and lightning, but they are also normal natural phenomena. Lightning is caused by the movement of electric charges in clouds, and thunder is the 9 made by lightning heating the air. We should stay away from open places and tall trees during thunderstorms to keep 10 . Some other small phenomena, like water turning into ice in winter or leaves falling in autumn, are also 11 by scientific rules. We often take them for granted, but if we 12 carefully, we can find science everywhere in our life. Understanding natural phenomena teaches us to be curious and 13 the world. It helps us tell the difference between science and superstition, and makes us think more 14 . We should keep observing and learning to 15 the secrets of nature and science. 1．A．disappear B．happen C．die D．end 2．A．rules B．stories C．dreams D．mistakes 3．A．meaningless B．interesting C．boring D．tiring 4．A．stones B．drops C．trees D．hills 5．A．parts B．sizes C．shapes D．colors 6．A．turns B．runs C．travels D．moves 7．A．farther B．closer C．higher D．lower 8．A．stops B．influences C．harms D．destroys 9．A．light B．sound C．smell D．taste 10．A．safe B．dangerous C．warm D．cold 11．A．controlled B．broken C．stopped D．made 12．A．ignore B．observe C．forget D．hate 13．A．fear B．respect C．damage D．change 14．A．blindly B．wisely C．angrily D．sadly 15．A．discover B．hide C．cover D．los 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A （2025·天津·高考真题）There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours (气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory (跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal (鼻子的) intelligence. 1．What is the author’s purpose of mentioning wine experts in Paragraph 1? A．To present a misunderstanding. B．To support a commonly held view. C．To share a personal experience. D．To criticize a certain group of people. 2．What did researchers find about the human sense of smell a decade ago? A．Humans are very sensitive to natural gas. B．Humans can smell extremely weak odours. C．Humans excel in identifying chemicals in the air. D．Humans do worse in detecting smells than animals. 3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Overusing the sense of smell may weaken other senses. B．Hunger has little connection with the sense of smell. C．The colour of food may help bring out its smell. D．Sharpening the senses boosts memory capacity. 4．When predicting a smell, the brain may make a re-evaluation if________. A．an unpleasant smell is quickly detected B．cross-sensory influences are maximized C．the sense of smell is frequently disturbed D．the perceived smell goes against the expectation 5．According to Paragraph 5, the evolution of the sense of smell has much to do with________. A．easy access to food sources B．human curiosity about nature C．sensory knowledge about food D．dangers in natural environments 6．What does the passage focus on? A．How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B．How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C．How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D．How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. B （2025·天津·高考真题）Science serves as a powerful tool for unlocking the mysteries of the universe, but understanding its limitations is essential for its effective application. There are occasions where I have used the handle of a knife as a hammer (锤子), but the result would have been better if I’d had a more suitable tool at hand. As far as science goes, it is really good at testing things that are testable, but not so for those that are not. We can do, and have done, an impressive amount with our brains. But there are limits. Sometimes these limits go away if we keep at it for long enough — we just need better facilities and experiments to get the answer. Breaking new ground in modern science this way can be costly. Next-generation supercomputers or incredibly large telescopes are expensive, yet these may be required to find answers to some of the unsolved mysteries of the universe. Sometimes the limits we encounter in trying to unlock the nature of the universe are cognitive (认知的). Think about this: human DNA is only about 1.2 percent different from that of chimps (黑猩猩). Chimps are smart, no question. But could you teach them advanced mathematics? What if our DNA were another 1.2 percent further evolved than it is? What might our brains be capable of then? The level of abstract thinking might be unimaginable. Sometimes the limits we hit are fundamental. There are laws of nature we may never be able to understand, however advanced our brains might become. There are experiments we might never be able to perform. We may never be able to test what caused the universe to be created, and what caused the cause of the universe being created. This is where science may never break through. For something to be considered scientific, it must, by definition, be testable. There is a problem here: it may not need to be testable right now, but it must be testable at some point in the future by experiment. If an idea is untestable, that doesn’t mean it is wrong. It means it is untestable for now. These untestable ideas also happen to be some of the most interesting ones, probably because they’ve puzzled humanity for centuries. 7．Why does the author mention “knife” and “hammer” in Paragraph 1? A．To demonstrate how tools can be used creatively. B．To highlight consequences of using a wrong tool. C．To show the necessity of keeping a handy tool within reach. D．To stress the need for the right tool to achieve desired results. 8．What is often required in breaking new ground in science? A．Broader science education. B．More advanced facilities for experiments. C．Deeper understanding of the brain power. D．More investment in next-generation scientists. 9．How does the author assess human beings in terms of their cognitive capacity? A．They are just 2.4% away from true abstract thinking. B．They are slightly smarter than other intelligent beings. C．They are yet to evolve further to learn more about the universe. D．They are good at solving problems with advanced mathematics. 10．What message does Paragraph 4 convey? A．Some puzzles about the universe are way beyond scientific exploration. B．Experimental research lays solid foundations for space technology. C．Boundaries of science can be pushed back with determined efforts. D．Limitations of science may result from insufficient testing. 11．What has the author added to the definition of a scientific idea? A．Correct ideas are testable. B．Untestable ideas can be true. C．Some scientific ideas may never be testable. D．An idea must be testable to be seen as correct. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $