Unit 5 Section Ⅲ（Word练习）-【精讲精练】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从词汇语法基础到语篇综合应用，助力语言能力与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |层级一|词汇拼写、基础语法、句型转换|单句语法填空巩固语法规则，课文语法填空衔接课文语境，夯实语言能力基础| |层级二|语篇理解、综合应用|阅读理解聚焦植物科学发现，完形填空渗透人文关怀，提升思维品质与文化意识|

[对应知能达标训练P56] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．There are many wonderful legends (传说) about this famous hero in my hometown. 2．Asia and Europe，being two different areas，are linked (连接) together by mountains and rivers. 3．Dogs can detect(察觉)sounds that humans cannot perceive，such as high-frequency noises and whispers. 4．Sharks in the sea vary in size from just 20 centimetres (厘米) to 14 metres. 5．We need to find out the root (根源) of the problem before we solve it. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．When computers are networked，they are linked(link) together so that information can be transferred between them. 2．At our factory there are a few machines similar to those used in your company，but with some modifications to suit our production needs. 3．The constructions as well as all the art works of the Forbidden City are (be) well preserved by the professionals. 4．Large amounts of money have been spent(spend) on the bridge，which is to be completed in 2025. 5．The fire is reported to have spread (spread) quickly due to dry and windy conditions yesterday. 6．In everyday communication (communicate)，information conveyed by gestures is often misinterpreted. 7．I will drive away your loneliness by talking about things that interest you. 8．The twins seem to be alike in some ways，but they are quite different in their characters. 9．Early detection (detect) of cancers can greatly increase the chances of cure even if you don't have any symptoms yet. 10．A firm handshake is generally regarded as an indication (indicate) that someone is confident. Ⅲ.完成句子/同义句转换 1．真奇怪，他怎么会以如此不礼貌的方式行事，尤其是在公共场合。 (it作形式主语) It is strange that he should behave in such an impolite manner，especially in public. 2．老师在教室里来来回回走动，手里拿着一本书。(with复合结构) The teacher was walking back and forth in the classroom，with a book in his hand． 3. It is said that a new school will be built in our town next year，which will provide better education facilities for local students. →A new school is said to be built in our town next year，which will provide better education facilities for local students. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 1．It has been believed for a long time that talking plants are fantasy.But new research has revealed that they really can communicate with each other. Some plants are believed to communicate with each other through chemicals.When 2.attacked (attack) by insects，they release tiny amounts of chemicals.This is 3.like a warning or a call for help.When other plants detect 4.the warnings，they release their own chemicals to drive insects away.Some of the chemicals also attract wasps to kill these insects. More 5.surprisingly (surprising)，plants also use sound 6.to communicate (communicate) with each other though people can't hear the sound.Some plants make noises with their roots.Some plants “listen” to tell if their neighbouring plants are 7.helpful (help) or unfriendly.Some plants make clicking noises，8.indicating (indicate) that drought is coming.Most surprisingly of all，plants can form the “wood wide web” to share information or even food with each other. 9．Scientists (scientist) will learn more about the way in 10.which plants communicate with each other. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Plant owners know just how difficult it can be to figure out what they need，especially when leaves start browning or wilting (枯萎).But it turns out that plants may have been telling you all along.A new study found that when plants are stressed，they send out specific sounds that identify what's wrong. Previous studies show that plants shake when under stress，but for years，scientists have debated whether those shaking movements become sound waves.By studying tomato and tobacco plants in an acoustic chamber (隔音箱) inside a greenhouse，researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that it's true—plants cry out for help through sound waves. The more stressed plants were，the more they screamed.They also found that after a certain peak of dehydration (脱水)，the sounds would simply stop.Their findings were published in the journal Cell on Thursday. “Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds，and that these sounds contain information—for example about water shortage or injury，” researcher Lilach Hadany said.“We assume that in nature the sounds made by plants are sensed by creatures nearby，such as bats，mice，various insects，and possibly also other plants that can hear the high frequencies and get relevant information.” But it's not just small animals and insects that can use this information，but humans too，Hadany said.All they need is the “right tools—such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering”． This could prove particularly beneficial in the agriculture industry，as researchers noted in their publication that “more precise irrigation can save up to 50% of the water expenditure (消耗) and increase the yield”．This ability could only get more important as climate change continues to increase the intensity and frequency of droughts and the world continues to deal with food security issues. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，植物在压力下会发出特定声音，这些声音包含缺水或受伤的信息，可被生物感知，可为人类利用，为农业提供更精确的灌溉指导并提高产量。 1．How do plants send out sound waves when under stress? A．By becoming brown and falling leaves. B．By dancing to the wind from side to side. C．By moving with repeated small，quick movements. D．By gradually bending downward and becoming weak. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，植物在受到压力时，会通过反复的小而快速的运动，即摇晃发出声波。故选C。 答案　C 2．Why can insects hear the sounds made by plants? A．They rely on plants making a living. B．They can live in harmony with plants. C．They have the capacity to talk with plants. D．They can hear the sounds at high frequencies. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中最后一句 (我们认为，在自然界中，植物发出的声音会被附近的生物感知，比如蝙蝠、老鼠、各种昆虫，可能还有其他植物，它们能听到高频率的声音并获得相关信息。)可知，昆虫能听到植物发出的声音是因为它们能听到高频率的声音。故选D。 答案　D 3．What could farmers do to their crops if we understood plants more? A．To talk to them freely. B．To irrigate them precisely. C．To harvest them early. D．To make them grow. 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中最后一句和最后一段中第一句可推知，如果我们对植物有更多的了解，农民就能得到合适的工具，精确地灌溉庄稼。故选B。 答案　B 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce a scientific finding. B．To explain a strange phenomenon. C．To recommend an irrigation method. D．To remember some careful researchers. 解析　写作目的题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study found that when plants are stressed，they send out specific sounds that identify what's wrong.(一项新的研究发现，当植物受到压力时，它们会发出特定的声音来识别哪里出了问题。)”可知，本文的目的是介绍一项新的科学发现。故选A。 答案　A B On one hike on Australia's Lord Howe Island，K.C.Burns，a biologist at Victoria University of Wellington，came across a group of staghorn ferns (鹿角蕨).They are common potted plants，but in nature they grow in thick colonies (群落) that stick to treetops.In the volcanic island's undergrown forest，those treetops are right at eye level. Dr.Burns looked closer and realized the plants within the colony were doing different jobs to survive.Ferns growing higher up had long thin leaves that seemed to direct rainwater into the colony's centre.Farther down，ferns grew leaves that were damp to the touch.Some plants weren't reproducing at all—they seemed to have devoted their lives to collecting water for their neighbours' roots.It struck Dr.Burns that the ferns were working together as a kind of super-organism，perhaps like bees that live in colonies. To measure how ferns cooperated，Dr.Burns and his team sampled plants growing at different heights within 24 colonies.They counted two types of leaves on each plant.One type，which they called nest leaves，is rounded and mostly brown，hugging the tree like cupped hands.Other leaves，green and forked，can grow spores (芽孢) on their undersides that will become the next generation of ferns.They found that nest leaves from the bottom of a colony were more absorbent.Since the colony's roots grew in a network，these leaves might help the whole colony keep water. Plants are some of the most flexible living things on Earth，said Karen Kapheim，a biologist who studies the social behaviour of bees.“Maybe it's not surprising that a fern could also develop social tendencies，” she said.“Science is revealing more and more about how plants behave and communicate，” Dr.Kapheim said.“I think adding social behaviour to that fits in with this new，emerging understanding of plants.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家Burns博士在澳大利亚的豪勋爵岛发现鹿角蕨通过分工合作，类似于蜜蜂群居的方式，共同生存和适应环境的现象。 5．What did Dr.Burns find about staghorn ferns? A．They grew slowly on volcanic islands. B．They had a clear division of labour. C．They could hardly survive in nature. D．They competed severely for resources. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr.Burns looked closer and realized the plants within the colony were doing different jobs to survive.(Burns博士仔细观察了一下，发现群落里的植物在做不同的工作来生存。)”可知，Burns博士发现鹿角蕨类植物有明确的分工，并且下文对分工做了具体说明。故选B。 答案　B 6．What role do forked leaves play? A．Directing rainwater. B．Hugging trees. C．Water-keeping. D．Reproducing. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Other leaves，green and forked，can grow spores on their undersides that will become the next generation of ferns.”可知，叉状的叶子起着繁殖的作用。故选D。 答案　D 7．What does Dr.Kapheim imply in the last paragraph? A．Plants are inflexible compared to other living things. B．Ferns' social behaviour is in line with new insights into plants. C．Scientists lack comprehensive knowledge of plant behaviour. D．Ferns' social tendencies contradict general knowledge about plants. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Maybe it's not surprising that a fern could also develop social tendencies，’ she said.”和“I think adding social behaviour to that fits in with this new，emerging understanding of plants.”可推知，蕨类植物的社会行为与对植物的新认识是一致的。故选B。 答案　B 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Staghorn Ferns：a Popular Potted Plant B．Fern Colonies：Survival of the Fittest C．These Plants Work Together as Bees Do D．These Plants Show the Diversity of the Forest 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了生物学家Burns博士在澳大利亚的豪勋爵岛发现鹿角蕨通过分工合作，类似于蜜蜂群居的方式，共同生存和适应环境的现象。因此，C项“这些植物像蜜蜂一样一起工作”契合该现象的核心特点，最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 答案　C Ⅱ.完形填空 When living in Los Angeles，I walked my dog every Sunday morning around a lake near my house. Week after week，I saw the same elderly woman sitting at the edge of the 1 with a small metal cage next to her. My 2 finally got the best of me and I 3 the woman one day.I noticed that it was 4 a small trap and that she had three small turtles in it.In her lap，there was a fourth turtle that she was carefully 5 down with a sponge.I greeted her and asked what she did with these turtles every week.Smiling，she explained that she was cleaning their shells because any seaweed that 6 on a turtle's shell reduces its 7 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming. I was 8 as the woman continued，“I do this every Sunday morning，or life-threatening 9 might appear.” “But don't most turtles live their 10 lives with seaweed on their shells？” I asked.The woman agreed that was the 11 ．I replied，“Well then，you are 12 to do this，but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this.” The woman laughed as she looked 13 down at the small turtle.“Young man，to the world I may be one person，but to this little turtle I am the world.” Indeed，though you may not be able to change the world or 14 everyone，you can still make a big 15 in one person's life.Never choose to not do anything just because you can't do everything. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一位老太太每周日早晨都在湖边用海绵帮海龟刷去身上的海草以便海龟能够很好地吸收热量和正常游泳的故事告诉我们，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮到每一个人，但是我们小小的善举仍能给世界和他人带去很大的影响。 1．A.field B．court C．water D．cliff 解析　根据上文中的“I walked...around a lake”可知，作者每周日早晨都能在湖边看到一位老太太。 答案　C 2．A.pity B．anxiety C．curiosity D．responsibility 解析　根据语境可知，由于耐不住好奇心，作者最终走近那位老太太去一探究竟。get the best of “获胜；胜过；占上风”。 答案　C 3．A.inspired B．assisted C．contacted D．approached 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　D 4．A.naturally B．normally C．originally D．actually 解析　根据语境可知，作者走近一看发现金属笼子实际上是一个捕捉器。 答案　D 5．A.wiping B．turning C．breaking D．pressing 解析　根据下文中的“she was cleaning their shells”可知，老太太正在拿海绵擦拭龟壳。 答案　A 6．A.builds up B．brings up C．sets out D．hands out 解析　根据语境和常识可知，海草会堆积在海龟壳上。 答案　A 7．A.risk B．cost C．burden D．ability 解析　根据语境和常识可知，龟壳上沾满海草会影响海龟吸收热量的能力。 答案　D 8．A.relieved B．impressed C．embarrassed D．disappointed 解析　根据语境和常识可知，一位老太太拿着海绵擦拭海龟壳，这样的举动让作者感到很钦佩。 答案　B 9．A.types B．places C．conditions D．movements 解析　根据上文中的“reduces its 7 to absorb heat and slows down their swimming”可知，这些情况可能会危及海龟的生命。 答案　C 10．A.early B．entire C．energetic D．extraordinary 解析　根据常识和下文中的“but most turtles don't have people around to help them with this”可知，大多数海龟的一生都会伴随这种情况。 答案　B 11．A.magic B．reality C．purpose D．experience 解析　根据常识可知，作者说的是一种实际情况。 答案　B 12．A.police B．clumsy C．considerate D．ridiculous 解析　根据上文中讲述的老太太拿海绵擦拭龟壳，因为龟壳上的海草影响海龟吸收热量的能力可知，老太太的行为是非常体贴的。 答案　C 13．A.gently B．proudly C．nervously D．strangely 解析　根据语境可知，老太太如此关爱海龟，因此她看海龟的目光应是非常温柔的。 答案　A 14．A.know B．love C．own D．help 解析　根据语境可知，尽管我们无法改变世界或帮助到每一个人，但我们仍然可以通过自己的一些小小的举动来给世界和别人带去很大的影响。 答案　D 15．A.deal B．difference C．fortune D．decision 解析　参见上题解析。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $