课时作业7 主旨大意题(2)-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

课时作业7 A(记叙文) For close to three years.Gamini Singla stayed away from friends,did not go on a va- cation and avoided family meetings and cele- brations.She stopped going to the cinema and stepped away from social media.Instead,at her family home near the northern Indian city of Chan- digarh,she woke up at the crack of dawn,dug in- to text books and studied for up to 10 hours a day. She crammed(死记硬背)，did mock tests,and read newspapers and self-help books.Her parents and brother became her only companions.Loneli- ness was her companion. She was preparing for the country's civil service exams,one of the toughest tests in the world.India's Union Public Service Com- mission (UPSC)exams enable young men and women every year to join in the country's vast civil service. Singla was an engineering graduate.Like the others,she had her sights set on eventu- ally becoming a civil servant.Singla's story of endurance and sacrifice at an age when many don't have a clue about what to do with their lives offers a glimpse into India's unmerciful exam system;endless cramming,involve- ment of the family,finding ways to save time and avoiding any distraction from the world. The marathon also became a shared experi- ence with her family.Singla's parents,both gov- ernment doctors,and her brother,a teacher,all joined in enthusiastically.They read at least three newspapers daily-"newspapers make up 80%of your preparations for the exams"-and marked the important news to speed up his daughter's current affairs knowledge.They also stopped socializing and avoided family gatherings so Singla did not feel left out or isolated. Singla was finally qualified to become a part of the elite(精英)IAS after so many hardships (Indian administrative service), which mostly runs the country through collec- tors of India's districts,senior government officials and managers of state-owned compa- nies.Singla says becoming a civil servant gives her a "great opportunity to make a true differ- ence and impact many lives"in a vast and complex country. 3 主旨大意题(2) 1.What can we infer from the process of Singla' preparing for the India's UPSC exams? A.Nothing can be done without instruction. B.Knowledge starts with practice. C.Everything is difficult before it's easy. D.There is strength in numbers. 2.How does the author like India's UPSC exams? A.Fair and pitiful. B.Cruel and embarrassing. C.Tough and pitiless. D.Incredible and unacceptable. 3.What's the main idea of this text? A.Where there is life,there is hope. B.Nothing is to be got without pains. C.Everyone's flowering season is different. D.Life is challenging for everyone. B(说明文) Media literacy(素养)is finally getting some late-arriving attention.Whether it's the increasing awareness of political disinforma- tion or the threat of Al,discussions about media literacy are on the rise.The adoption of media literacy in the classroom,however, stagnates. The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids.Fear has overrun reason,and people can't decide whether to blame social media,mobile de- vices,tech companies,or the Internet.They are concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations.In response,too many solutions are "ostrich policies(鸵鸟政策)”that want to ban devices and shut down social media but don't address more fundamental issues. Policies that set age limits on social media access and restrict devices during school to minimize disturbance can be helpful but are incomplete solutions.Social media didn't invent bullies(霸凌)or the enormous effect of peer pressure.Social media platforms may be a new battleground,but they are not the source.Unfortunately,many current poli- cies ignore the need to teach kids how to man- age these challenges.There is frighteningly little attention paid to preparing kids to make good decisions when they will,unavoidably, get online. On the bright side,the rapid develop- ment of AI and increasing attention to the amount of misinformation online have helped normalize the acceptance of media literacy as a core skill.While suggestions to limit inappro- priate device use,increase face-to-face sociali- zation,and engage in outdoor play are benefi- cial,they do not build the core skills that will keep kids safe offline and are fundamental to well-being and life success:good citizenship, self-awareness and self-control.Those things take teaching,whether you are online or outside. Media literacy is an essential life skill that,once learned,can be applied to any con- tent.While waiting for public education to catch up,parents and educators can build media literacy skills at home with numerous resources,ranging from family technology contracts and discussion guides to easy activi- ties that can be done at home with kids. 4.What does the underlined word“stagnates” in the first paragraph probably mean? A.Gets far ahead. B.Falls apart suddenly. C.Falls well short. D.Gets started officially. 5.What causes people's moral panic over technology and kids? A.Belief in the rapid growth of new tech- nologies. B.Concern over cutting kids off from the Internet. C.Inability to balance the use of social media and health. D.Fear of technology causing mental health issues in teenagers. 6.What does Paragraph 3 of the text focus on? A.The sources of peer pressure. B.The benefits of minimizing disturbance. C.The problems of current policies. D.The disadvantages of social media plat- forms. 7.Which of the following belongs to media lit- eracy? A.Reducing social media exposure. B.Applying critical thinking to media. C.Increasing face-to-face interactions. D.Recognizing the dangers of social media. 0 C(说明文) Remember the days when we all believed eggs were a nutrition no-no?Fortunately,sci- ence has uncovered a lot about cholesterol and heart health since then.More recent research has shown that while certain foods contain cholesterol,many aren't the main cause of high“bad”cholesterol levels in the blood.. Eggs,prawns,and other high-cholesterol foods once forbidden have now gotten the all- clear. Cholesterol comes in different kinds of protein-containing particles,including high- density lipoproteins(HDLs),low-density lip- oproteins (LDLs),and very low-density lipo- proteins (VLDLs).The cholesterol theory of heart disease is that certain particles,such as LDLs and VLDLs,accumulate and block the vessels.Now that researchers know high- cholesterol foods don't actually raise blood cholesterol,they've had to look to other cul- prits,says registered dietitian Marie Spano. Public enemy number one turns out to be sug- ar.According to research published in JA- MA,a diet high in sugar and sweetened bev- erages like soft drinks are a major source, which drives up bad LDL cholesterol,while depressing levels of good HDL cholesterol. One of the foods often avoided by people with high cholesterol is meat.You may not realize,however,that your body needs some cholesterol-it's used to build cells and cru- cial hormones.A Purdue study showed that adults who are overweight or moderately obese could benefit from a Mediterranean- style diet.According to research in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, lean and unprocessed red meat,when eaten as part of a Mediterranean-style diet,may improve heart health.The consumption of processed meats,but not red meats,is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. "Man-made trans fatty acids raise choles- terol and independently contribute to heart disease risks,says nutritionist Spano.And while many manufacturers have removed or are in the process of removing -trans fats,they still pop up in a surprising number of products,such as prepackaged baked goods,desserts,and even some types of chocolate.Read labels and avoid anything with partially hydrogenated oils listed among the ingredients,"Spano says. 8.What invites harm to the heart? A.High-cholesterol foods. B.Low-cholesterol foods. C.High-density lipoproteins. D.Low-density lipoproteins. g.What does the underlined word“culprits'” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Causes. B.Victims. C.Strategies. D.Targets. 10.What can we know about a Mediterra- nean-style diet? A.Lean processed meat is part of it. B.It has lean unprocessed red meat. C.It is harmful for overweight adults. D.It increases the risk of heart disease. 11.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.What Is Cholesterol? B.What Harms Your Heart? C.What Causes Heart Attacks? D.What Comprises Cholesterol? D(说明文) Flower gardens can be planted near paths by your house or in a separate fenced area for cutting flowers..Mixing marigolds(万寿菊)with your vegetable garden can help keep pests away,and it really works.Line your garden with lavender or peppermint to keep pests away.Did you know that deer are less likely to eat flowers with strong smells?Choose cut flower varieties with scents, such as roses and peonies(牡丹). Flower gardens can also have pests,so you'll want to test what works in your area. In some regions,like the Pacific Northwest, slugs(蛞蝓)can eat your entire dahlia patch.. In Michigan,roses struggle to survive ex- treme temperature changes from summer to winter,so be sure to choose flower varieties that are suitable for your growing zone and sun exposure. This is just a starting point,but we hope we've given you some ideas to explore as you begin your sustainable garden.The great thing is,sus- tainable gardening is easier than farming with pes- ticides if you learn to manage your land properly. You can skip the weed killer,the chemical fertiliz- ers,and the pest control chores if you just keep an eye on your plants or cut off diseased stems to prevent rot or mold from spreading. One final note:drip irrigation is very popular in warmer climates for saving water,but these systems can block with dirt and be difficult to set up.You could try running a pipe from your faucet and splitting it with a timer into zones with wob- bler(摇摆器)sprinklers.Set up the timer to run each sprinkler zone for about half an hour every morning in succession,and never water right be- fore sunset if you're in a mold-prone(容易发霉的) climate.If you remove mold from roses and pest rot from stems and never plant a diseased dahlia to avoid spreading problems to other plants,you'll become a skilled sustainable gardener in no time. 12.What is one method suggested to keep pests away from your vegetable garden? A.Planting roses around the edges. B.Planting marigolds along vegetables. C.Using chemical fertilizers if needed. D.Applying weed killer regularly. 13.What is a common challenge for roses in Michigan as mentioned in the passage? A.Extreme temperature changes. B.Insect infestations in summer. C.Lack of sunlight and water. D.Poor soil quality and pests. 14.What can be inferred about the author's view on sustainable gardening? A.Sustainable gardening is more difficult than using pesticides. B.Sustainable gardening is easier with proper land management. C.The author thinks all gardens should use drip irrigation systems. D.The sustainable gardening is not suit- able for all climates. 15.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The benefits of using pesticides in gar- dening. B.The challenges of growing vegetables in a garden. C.The tips for creating and maintaining a sustainable flower garden. D.The importance of choosing the right flower varieties for different climates. 5到最终造出了一台小巧而先进的机器。)”可知，本杰明 自主构思创新发明，体现creative(富有创造力的)；耗时 十八个月反复研究改造、测试五十余个版本并坚持优化 设备，体现committed(专注投入的)。] 7.D[主旨大意题。全文核心讲述一名青少年利用发明 将塑料废料转化为可用资源，变废为宝的故事。D项“一 个青少年变废为宝”符合主题，适合用作标题。门 C[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近 年来出现了一种令人担忧的趋势一一“A】洗白”。A】洗白 误导消费者，给市场和社会带来了一系列问题。 8.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“AI washing occurs when companies market their products or services as being powered by Al when,in reality,they use simp- ler technologies or algorithms (that do not qualify as true Al.”可知，AI洗白是指公司将其产品或服务宣 传为由AI驱动，而实际上它们使用的是不符合真正AI 标准的更简单的技术或算法。由此可以推测出，AI洗白 被错误地认为是真正的AI。] 9,B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The goal of Al washing is often to capitalize on the buzz around Al,at- tract investment,or gain a competitive edge in the mar- ket.”可知，一些公司进行“A】洗白”是为了在市场上获 得优势。] l0.D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The last but certainly not least is impact on investors....This can lead to financial losses and a more cautious invest- ment climate,”可知，作者认为AI洗白具有风险是因为 它误导了对AI产品的投资。] ll.B[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“In recent years,. artificial intelligence (Al)has become one of the most transformative technologies,...Al washing misleads consumers,creating a range of problems for the market and society.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了近年 来出现了一种令人担忧的趋势一一“AI洗白”。AI洗白 误导消费者，给市场和社会带来了一系列问题。由此可 知，B选项（我们想要AI,而不是AI洗白）最符合文章 标题。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在面 对错误信息时，传统的反驳方式可能不如“绕过”策略有效，并 探讨了“绕过”策略的定义、有效性及其局限性。 l2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence.As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC)put it,'The gold stand- ard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation,’”以及第 三段中“Bypassing is where,instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim,you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic..”可知，APPC的 研究中，“绕过”与传统纠正的区别在于它提供的是积 极的论点。 13.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim,you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic.For example,if someone tells you that 5G kills birds,tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy.”可知，“绕过”策略的例子是提供与错误信息 相关的积极论点。B选项“转基因作物能以较低的成本 产生更高的产量”可以作为“绕过”的例子，因为它提供 了关于转基因产品的积极论，点，而不是直接反驳其安 全性。门 30 练习册参考答案 l4.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中项“When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine,bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit,”可知，根据文章，“绕过”工具可 能有助于接受政策。] 15.A[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“When some one proposes a false claim,what's the best way to change their mind?A recent paper suggests that immedi- ately negating the claim with evidence isn't especially effec- tive.Instead,'bypassing'the false claim with positive count- er(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy..”以 及最后一段“So,bypassing isn't the only tool available,and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change.”可知，文章主要介绍了在处理虚假信息时，用 积极的反论来“绕过”虚假说法可能比用证据直接否定 更有效，并探讨了其与传统反驳方式的区别及其局限 性。所以A选项“绕过：改变态度的更好方法？”能够概 括文章主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。] 课时作业7主旨大意题(2) A[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Singla为通过印度公务员考试不懈努力的故事。 l.D[推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Her parents and brother became her only companions.”以及第四段“The marathon also became a shared experience with her family. ..They also stopped socializing and avoided family gather- ings so Singla did not feel left out or isolated.”可知，从Sin gl准备印度公务员考试的过程中我们能推断出“人多力 量大”。] 2.C[推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Singla's story of endurance and sacrifice at an age when many don't have a clue about what to do with their lives offers a glimpse in- to India's unmerciful exam system;endless cramming, involvement of the family,finding ways to save time and avoiding any distraction from the world.”可知，作者认为 印度的公务员考试是艰难且无情的。] 3.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中 "For close to three years.Gamini Singla stayed away from friends,...dug into text books and studied for up tol0 hours a day..”以及最后一段中“Singla was finally qualified to become a part of the elite()IAS after so many hardships (Indian administrative service),which mostly runs the country through collectors of India's dis- tricts,senior government officials and managers of state- owned companies.”可知，本文主要讲述了Singla经过不 懈努力和付出，最终成功通过印度公务员考试，成为精 英公务员的故事，体现了“没有付出就没有收获”的 道理。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了媒 体素养的重要性，以及如何培养媒体素养。 4.C[词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Whether it's the in- creasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of Al,discussions about media literacy are on the rise.”以及划线单词句中“The adoption of media literacy in the classroom,however,stagnates.”可知，此处关于媒 体素养的讨论在增加，但是媒体素养在课堂上的普及却 停滞不前。故可猜测划线单词stagnates为“停滞不前” 的意思，和C选项Falls well short“远远不够”意思 相近。 5.DL细节理解题。根据第二段中“The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids....They are 3 英语 concerned with claims that technology and social media are the causes of teenage mental health issues despite the weak associations..”可知，对科技的恐惧引起青少年的心 理健康问题导致了人们对科技和孩子的道德恐慌。] 6.C[段落大意题。根据第三段中“Policies that set age limits on social media access and...Unfortunately, many current policies ignore the need to teach kids how to manage these challenges..”可知，第三段主要关注的是 当前政策的问题。] 7.B[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Media literacy is an essential life skill that,...ranging from family technolo- gy contracts and discussion guides to easy activities that can be done at home with kids.”可知，文章强调媒体素养 是一种生活技能，能应用于任何内容，是让孩子在网络世界 做出正确决策，学会应对挑战等的能力。由此可推知，B选 项“对媒体运用批判性思雏”属于这种能力，符合媒体素养 定义。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了胆 固醇与心脏健康的关系，纠正了人们对高胆固醇食物的误 区，指出糖分、人工反式脂肪酸等才是危害心脏的真正因 素，并介绍了有益心脏使康的饮食方式。 8.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The cholesterol theory of heart disease is that certain particles,such as LDLs and VLDLs,accumulate and block the vessels. 脏病的胆固醇理论认为：像低密度脂蛋白这类颗粒会在 血管内推积，从而导致血管堵塞。)”可知，低密度脂蛋白 会对心脏造成伤害。] 9.A[词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词“culprits”前面的 "Now that researchers know high-cholesterol foods don't actually raise blood cholesterol(既然研究人员己经证实， 高胆固醇食物实际上并不会升高血液中的胆固醇)”以 及后句“Public enemy number one turns out to be sugar.. (头号公敌竞然是糖。)”可推知，culprits应含有“原因” 之意。] l0.B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to re search in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, lean and unprocessed red meat,when eaten as part of a Mediterranean-style diet,may improve heart health. The consumption of processed meats,but not red meats,is associated with a higher risk of heart disease. (据《美国临床营养学杂志》的研究显示，瘦红肉及未加 工红肉若作为地中海饮食的一部分食用，或可改善心 脏健康。而加工肉类（而非红肉）的摄入才与更高的心 脏病风险相关。)”可知，地中海式饮食包含瘦的未加工 红肉。 ll.B[主旨大意题。第一段中的“Fortunately,science has uncovered a lot about cholesterol and heart health since then.More recent research has shown that while certain foods contain cholesterol,many aren't the main cause of high 'bad'cholesterol levels in the blood. 运的是，从那时起，科学已经揭示了许多关于胆固醇和 心脏健康的知识。最新研究表明，虽然某些食物含有 胆固醇，但它们中的许多并不是血液中高‘坏’胆固醇 的主要原因。)”是文章主旨句，文章先纠正人们对高胆 固醇食物的误区，接着说明真正危害心脏的是糖分、反 式脂肪酸等，并给出健康饮食建议，即全文围绕“什么 会危害心脏健康”展开，B项最适合作本文的标题。 D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创 建和雏护可持续花园的一些方法和建议，包括种植花卉的 位置、防止害虫的方法、选择适合当地气候的花卉品种，以 及可持续园艺的相关要点等。 30 l2.B[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mixing marigolds(万 with your vegetable garden can help keep pests a- way,and it really works.”可知，在蔬莱园里混种万寿 菊可以帮助驱赶害虫，所以一种使害虫远离蔬菜园的 方法是在蔬菜旁边种植万寿菊。] l3.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中“in Michigan,ross struggle to survive extreme temperature changes from sum- mer to winter,so be sure to choose flower varieties that are suitable for your growing zone and sun exposure.”可知，在 密歌根州，玫瑰难以在从夏天到冬天的极端温度变化中生 存，所以在密歌根州玫瑰面临的常见挑战是极端的温度 变化。门 l4.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中“The great thing is,sus tainable gardening is easier than farming with pesticides if you learn to manage your land properly.”可推知，作者认为 如果学会正确管理土地，可持续园艺比使用杀虫剂的园艺 更容易。] 15.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了 种植花卉的位置和防害虫的方法，第二段提到选择适 合当地气候的花卉品种，第三段强调可持续园艺的好 处和要点，第四段介绍了灌溉系统及相关注意事项，所 以文章的主要内容是关于创建和雏护可持续花园的 建议。] 课时作业8词句猜测题(1) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作 者一家来到波尔沃定居，作者通过阅读来融入当地的生活 的经历。 l.A[推理判断题。根据第三段“It was the most beauti- ful thing I had ever seen:endless shelves carrying tens of thousands of books,records,movies,magazines and newspapers.And the best part was that everything was free.”可知，波尔沃新建的图书馆总是给人留下深刻的 印象。] 2.D[词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Or perhaps I was just scared that something would happen to the books if they were somewhere they didn't seem to belong.”以及 后文“even crime,horror and thriller titles -and I read everything”可知，上文提到了作者担心书籍出现在不属 于它们的地方会发生什么事情，结合“But unlike the real world”中but表示转折，说明但与现实世界不同的是，书 从来不会让作者沮丧一一即使是犯罪、恐怖和惊悚类的 书一一作者什么书都读。故划线词意思是“沮丧的”。] 3.A[标题归纳题。根据第三段“I was 10 years old when the new building of the main library of Porvoo opened its doors to the public.When I visited for the first time,I was so in awe that I cried.”结合文章主要讲述了作者一 家来到波尔沃定居，作者通过阅读来融入当地的生活的 经历。从而推知，A选项“在波尔沃一路阅读”最符合文 章标题。] B.[语篇解读]本文一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了93岁 希腊老人约安娜·马苏卡坚持编织三千余条围巾捐赠儿 童，即便患病仍不停歌，传递善良与温暖。 4.C[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since she accidentally took up knitting in the early 1990s,Matsouka has craf- ted over3,000 scarves..”可知，从20世纪90年代初到现 在已经超过三十年了，所以她己经编织了超过三十年。] 5.B[推理判断题。根据第三段“She recounted drawings and mails her mother has received over the years:Thank you...Be well...Keep going...You gave joy to chil- dren...You gave joy to people...That's her only re- ward一a letter,a few words.,”这些感谢的话语可以推 断出，这些图画和信件表明了人们对她的善良的感激 之情。]