课时作业6 主旨大意题(1)-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

课时作业6 A(记叙文) I was born missing my left hand,yet I learned to adapt.One of my earliest memories is my father trying to teach me to tie my shoes.I gently pushed him aside and figured out a way to do it with one hand.My parents tried to make me feel ordinary,but the reality was inescapable. When I was 13,an age when kids are al- ready very self-conscious,I remembered get- ting on the bus and one of the other kids stared just a little too long at my left arm.I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand.I had de- cided that if people knew about my missing hand,they would not want to be around me anymore. Making friends was challenging enough, but finding love was particularly discourag- ing.As I started dating,I made efforts to hide my difference.Eventually we'd reach a point in the relationship where I knew I had to tell the truth.I'd think over the“big reveal'”and build it up in my mind for days.When I had gathered the courage,I let out my secret over the phone and hung up in a panic.Even when I received a call,I couldn't face discussing it, relying on the answering machine. Everyone I shared this with -friend, co-worker or boyfriend -said kind things like,“You shouldn't hide it.”or“It's no big deal."But their words didn't matter to me. The only words that really mattered were the ones I was telling myself,that story of how I was unworthy of love. At 28,tired of hiding,I met someone special.For the first time,I allowed someone to really hold,look at,take pictures of,tou- ch and love my limb-love me. That relationship ended after ten years, but I kept the self-love and compassion I learned from it.From that point on,I saw my difference as something unique and beautiful about me,something that should be shown, not hidden. 总 主旨大意题(1) 1.How did the author tie her shoes? A.By expecting quick success. B.By escaping from tying tries. C.By finding her own method. D.By benefiting from father's aid. 2.What's the author like after the ten-year re- lationship ended? A.She had a positive attitude. B.She hid her difference again. C.She became more dependent. D.She stopped making friends. 3.Which is the best title for the text? A.Dealing with Self-Consciousness B.The Role of Courage in Life C.Overcoming Social Prejudice D.The Acceptance of Uniqueness B(记叙文) At 16,Benjamin Davis,a sophomore at Bishop Feehan High School in Massachu- setts,has invented a revolutionary desktop system that recycles plastic bottles and 3D printing waste into high-quality 3D printing filament(塑料丝).His groundbreaking work won him first place at the 2025 International Science &Engineering Fair (ISEF)and the 75,000 Regeneron Young Scientist Award, bringing him widespread recognition and in- creasing attention from scientific communities around the world. Benjamin's inspiration struck when he noticed massive amounts of plastic waste pil- ing up in his school's art room.As he watched these useless materials being thrown away each day,he felt deeply concerned about the growing environmental damage caused by plastic pollution.Determined to find a practi- cal solution,he began to research ways to change waste into valuable resources.Over 18 months,he worked patiently in his gar- age,researching,designing,and constructing different models until he finally created a small,and advanced machine. His device can shred plastic waste,melt it,and form it into smooth and consistent 3D printing filament in a single continuous process.Compared with traditional industrial recycling machines,his design uses 70%less energy and produces materials of higher quali- 0 ty.Schools and creative spaces across the globe have already expressed strong interest in his invention,and several institutions have requested detailed prototypes for further testing. At first,few were quick to credit some- one of his age with the ability to tackle such a complex technical undertaking.Teachers and peers questioned whether his small machine could work steadily and meet real-world standards.However,Benjamin never lost confidence.He tested more than 50 versions, stayed up late making improvements,and carefully recorded each result until his device performed perfectly. Benjamin now plans to study mechanical engineering at MIT.He hopes his experience will encourage more young people to care a- bout the environment and take practical action to solve real problems. 4.What inspired Benjamin to create the recy- cling machine? A.His enthusiasm for machinery. B.A grand award from a competition. C.The global recognition and attention. D.The plastic waste problem in his school. 5.What is an advantage of Benjamin's ma- chine according to the text? A.It's user-friendly. B.It's cost-effective. C.It's energy-efficient. D.It's high-productive. 6.Which words can best describe Benjamin Davis? A.Creative and committed. B.Kind and responsible. C.Hard-working and humble. D.Insistent and generous. 7.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.A Student's MIT Dream B.The Development of 3D Printing C.The Future Belonging to the Young D.A Teen Turning Waste into Treasure C(说明文) In recent years,artificial intelligence (AI)has become one of the most transforma- tive technologies,driving innovation across industries.However,as the hype(炒作) around AI grows,so does a concerning trend known as“AI washing”.This term refers to the practice of exaggerating or misrepresen- ting a product,service,or company's capabil- ities by falsely claiming it uses Al.Similar to “greenwashing'”in the environmental sector, AI washing misleads consumers,creating a range of problems for the market and society. AI washing occurs when companies mar- ket their products or services as being pow- ered by AI when,in reality,they use simpler technologies or algorithms(算法)that do not qualify as true Al.For example,companies may claim to use AI when human labor is ac- tually performing the tasks.The goal of AI washing is often to capitalize on the buzz around Al,attract investment,or gain a com- petitive edge in the market. AI washing poses several risks and chal- lenges.Firstly,misleading consumers and businesses.When companies falsely claim to use Al,they mislead customers into believing they are purchasing a more advanced or intel- ligent product than what is actually being of- fered.Undermining genuine AI innovation is the second risk.AI washing creates noise in the market,making it harder for truly innova- tive Al companies to stand out.The third one is the erosion(侵蚀、腐蚀)of trust in AI.As more companies engage in AI washing,public trust in AI technologies may erode.No.4 is regulatory and ethical concerns:AI washing can lead to regulatory challenges,as govern- ments and organizations struggle to define and enforce standards for AI technologies.The last but certainly not least is impact on inves- tors.Investors looking to fund promising AI startups may fall victim to AI washing,pou- ring money into companies that do not actual- ly deliver on their AI promises.This can lead to financial losses and a more cautious invest- ment climate. 8.What can we know about Al washing prob- ably? A.It's an outcome of Al development. B.It's practice developed by true Al. C.It's an innovative product of high tech. D.It's falsely considered as true Al. 9.Why do some companies do "AI washing"? A.To provide more employment. B.To gain advantage in the market. C.To solve a range of problems. D.To relieve human labors'burden. 10.Why does the writer think AI washing is risky? A.It causes overuse about Al. B.It serves as an innovative Al product. C.It dominates the processing industry. D.It misleads investment on AI products. 11.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Washed-up AI B.We want AI not AI washing C.Endangered AI technology D.Co-existence of AI and AI washing D(议论文) When someone proposes a false claim, what's the best way to change their mind?A recent paper suggests that immediately nega- ting the claim with evidence isn't especially effective.Instead,"bypassing"the false claim with positive counter ()-claims about the topic might be a better strategy. The classic response to someone presen- ting misinformation is to present counter-evi- dence.As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC)put it,"The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation."Suppose,for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner,saying,"Are these GMOs(转基因产品)？Nah,don't want any more physical reactions."You might then say,"Actually,the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions. But that likely won't work.The APPC team conducted six experiments where they com- pared actually correcting someone with "by- passing"and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes. So,what is bypassing and why is it seeming- ly more effective?Bypassing is where,instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic.For example,if someone tells you that 5G kills birds,tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy.Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on.This is not a battle of arguments or the studies.You are push- 2 ing an argument into a different position.It's using someone's movements and logic against them. There are limitations to what the team at aP- PC has concluded.Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies,not about belief change or belief correction.Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause re- actions,but admit that those are necessary bad things,compared to the positive outcomes you present them with. So,bypassing isn't the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change.Changing someone's belief is a com- plicated psychological topic,and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy.When it comes to poli- cy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine,bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit. 12.According to the APPC research,how does“bypassing”differ from traditional corrections? A.It uses stronger evidence. B.It adopts emotional appeals. C.It offers positive arguments. D.It focuses on unrelated topics. 13.Which can be used as an example of "by- passing”? A.GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so. B.GMOs can produce higher output with less cost. C.5G kill birds,but their benefits out- weigh the risks. D.5G doesn't kill birds,for they show no connection. l4.What do we know about the“bypassing” tool according to the text? A.It is the most reliable way. B.It may help accept policies. C.It appears frequently in debates. D.It is effective in belief correction. 15.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Bypassing:A Better Way to Shift Atti- tudes? B.Changing One's Mind:Bypass Indirectly! C.Challenging Misinformation:Bypass It! D.Negating the Claim:Does It Work? 2英语 hing more tipping points soon.(如果地球继续变暖，亚 马逊雨林可能会退化，冰盖可能会迅速融化，一个关键 的洋流系统可能会崩潰。在这些威胁中，亚马逊雨林是 一个主要关注点。那里的森林砍伐，加上气温上升，大 大增加了很快达到更多临界点的风险。)”可知，亚马逊 雨林可能面临潜在的生态崩溃。] l0.C[词句猜测题。根据第四段“Still,there may be a silver lining.Steve Smith,a geographer at the Univer- sity of Exeter,notes:'Since 2023,we've witnessed en- couraging developments in the global adoption of clean technologies.'Electric vehicles and solar-cell tech are among them,and battery prices have dropped.(尽管如 此，仍可能有a silver lining。埃克塞特大学地理学家史 蒂夫·史密斯指出：‘自2023年以来，我们见证了全球 采用清洁技术的令人鼓舞的发展。’电动汽车和太阳能 电池技术就是其中之一，电池价格也有所下降。)”可 知，尽管气候危机严重，但清洁技术的发展带来了希 望。因此，a silver lining的意思是“一个有希望的迹 象”。门 1l.BL主旨大意题。根据第一段“The earth has officially passed its first climate tipping point -a point where many small changes lead to a sudden big shift in the cli- mate system,just like the last straw that breaks a came's back.(地球已经正式通过了它的第一个气候临 界点一在这个临界，点上，许多微小的变化会导致气 候系统的突然大转变，就像压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草 一样。)”、最后一段“The report stresses that govern ments need a complete reform in their climate policies Immediate action is required to cut harmful emissions, remove carbon dioxide,and protect forests..(报告强调， 各国政府需要对其气候政策进行彻底改草。需要立即 采取行动，减少有害排放，清除二氧化碳，保护森林。)” 以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了地球已经越过了 第一个气候临界，点，气候危机日益严重，并强调了采取 紧急行动的必要性，包括减少有害排放、去除二氧化碳 和保护森林等，故文章的主旨大意是：气候危机和需要 采取的紧急行动。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生物学 教授Jeshua Plotkin团队的研究成果。该研究提出了一种 新的行为判断方法一一“看两次，原凉一次”，即通过观察 一个人的多个行为，并原凉其部分不良行为，来决定是否 与其合作。研究表明，这种方法在促进合作方面具有显著 效果，即使在信息自由获取的情况下，个体通常无法使用 所有信息。 12.D[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“looking at multi ple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain coopera tion,a method they call‘look twice,forgive once'.”可 知，Plotkin的方法与之前的模型不同之处在于它考虑 了更多的行为。] l3.BL推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to dif- ferent standards of judgment,...It offers an important alter- native when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation.”可推知，该方法提出了一种在 信任公共机构不足的情况下促进合作的另一种方式，因此 可以推断出它开发了其他合作方式。 l4.A[词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to dif- ferent standards of judgment,'look twice,forgive once'still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation." 30 知，划线词上文提到了社会中不同的人有不同的判断标 准，划线词下文提到了促进合作，可推理出划线单词“con sensus”的意思是“共识”，与A项“Agreement(一致)”含义 接近。 l5.AL推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the 'look twice,forgive once'strategy couldn't be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting,looking at more than two actions from a person,or forgiving a different proportion of'bad actions'.Perhaps most sur- prisingly looking more than twice didn't generate an ad- ditional benefit.”可知，本段提到了所有研究人员都感 到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策 略所取代。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没 有带来额外的好处，可推理出第五段主要讲述了“看两 次”策略的有效性。门 课时作业6主旨大意题(1) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了天 生缺少左手的作者从隐藏自身缺陷到最终接纳自我独特 性的心路历程，强调了自我接纳的重要性。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“I gently pushed him a side and figured out a way to do it with one hand..”可知， 作者通过自己的方式解决了系鞋带问题。] 2.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“That relationship en- ded after ten years,but I kept the self-love and compas- sion I learned from it.From that point on,I saw my difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should be shown,not hidden,”可知，作 者在关系结束后，拥有了从那段关系中学到的自爱和同 理心，认为应该展示而不是隐藏自身缺陷，可推理出作 者形成了积极的心态。] 3.D[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者天生残疾，全文围绕 作者从自卑到接纳身体独特性的转变展开，作者最后认为 自己应该展示而不是隐藏，D项“The Acceptance of Unique- ness(接纳独特性)”表达的含义准确概括了文章主旨，适合 用作本文标题。 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍少年本杰 明·戴雏斯发现校园塑料垃圾堆积的环境问题，自主研发 回收设备，将塑料瓶与3D打印废料加工为优质打印耗材， 历经质疑与反复试验最终取得成功，并立志用创新行动助 力环保、激励青少年关注现实问题。 4.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“Benjamin's inspiration struck when he noticed massive amounts of plastic waste piling up in his school's art room.(本杰明注意到学校美 术室推积着大量塑料垃圾，由此产生了研发灵感。)”可 知，校园塑料垃圾问题促使他发明这台回收机器。] 5.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Compared with tradi tional industrial recycling machines,his design uses 70% less energy and produces materials of higher quality.(5 传统工业回收设备相比，他的设计能耗降低百分之七 十，且产出耗材质量更高。)”可知，该机器具备节能的 优势。] 6.A[推理判断题。根据第二段“Determined to find a practical solution,he began to research ways to change waste into valuable resources.Over 18 months,he worked patiently in his garage,researching,designing, and constructing different models until he finally created a small,and advanced machine..(他决心找到一个切实可 行的解决方案，于是开始研究如何将废弃物转化为有价 值的资源。在长达18个月的时间里，他一直耐心地在 自己的车库里工作，进行研究、设计和建造各种模型，直 2 到最终造出了一台小巧而先进的机器。)”可知，本杰明 自主构思创新发明，体现creative(富有创造力的)；耗时 十八个月反复研究改造、测试五十余个版本并坚持优化 设备，体现committed(专注投入的)。] 7.D[主旨大意题。全文核心讲述一名青少年利用发明 将塑料废料转化为可用资源，变废为宝的故事。D项“一 个青少年变废为宝”符合主题，适合用作标题。门 C[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近 年来出现了一种令人担忧的趋势一一“A】洗白”。A】洗白 误导消费者，给市场和社会带来了一系列问题。 8.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“AI washing occurs when companies market their products or services as being powered by Al when,in reality,they use simp- ler technologies or algorithms (that do not qualify as true Al.”可知，AI洗白是指公司将其产品或服务宣 传为由AI驱动，而实际上它们使用的是不符合真正AI 标准的更简单的技术或算法。由此可以推测出，AI洗白 被错误地认为是真正的AI。] 9,B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The goal of Al washing is often to capitalize on the buzz around Al,at- tract investment,or gain a competitive edge in the mar- ket.”可知，一些公司进行“A】洗白”是为了在市场上获 得优势。] l0.D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The last but certainly not least is impact on investors....This can lead to financial losses and a more cautious invest- ment climate,”可知，作者认为AI洗白具有风险是因为 它误导了对AI产品的投资。] ll.B[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“In recent years,. artificial intelligence (Al)has become one of the most transformative technologies,...Al washing misleads consumers,creating a range of problems for the market and society.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了近年 来出现了一种令人担忧的趋势一一“AI洗白”。AI洗白 误导消费者，给市场和社会带来了一系列问题。由此可 知，B选项（我们想要AI,而不是AI洗白）最符合文章 标题。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在面 对错误信息时，传统的反驳方式可能不如“绕过”策略有效，并 探讨了“绕过”策略的定义、有效性及其局限性。 l2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence.As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC)put it,'The gold stand- ard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation,’”以及第 三段中“Bypassing is where,instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim,you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic..”可知，APPC的 研究中，“绕过”与传统纠正的区别在于它提供的是积 极的论点。 13.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim,you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic.For example,if someone tells you that 5G kills birds,tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy.”可知，“绕过”策略的例子是提供与错误信息 相关的积极论点。B选项“转基因作物能以较低的成本 产生更高的产量”可以作为“绕过”的例子，因为它提供 了关于转基因产品的积极论，点，而不是直接反驳其安 全性。门 30 练习册参考答案 l4.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中项“When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine,bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit,”可知，根据文章，“绕过”工具可 能有助于接受政策。] 15.A[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“When some one proposes a false claim,what's the best way to change their mind?A recent paper suggests that immedi- ately negating the claim with evidence isn't especially effec- tive.Instead,'bypassing'the false claim with positive count- er(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy..”以 及最后一段“So,bypassing isn't the only tool available,and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change.”可知，文章主要介绍了在处理虚假信息时，用 积极的反论来“绕过”虚假说法可能比用证据直接否定 更有效，并探讨了其与传统反驳方式的区别及其局限 性。所以A选项“绕过：改变态度的更好方法？”能够概 括文章主要内容，最适合作为本文标题。] 课时作业7主旨大意题(2) A[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Singla为通过印度公务员考试不懈努力的故事。 l.D[推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Her parents and brother became her only companions.”以及第四段“The marathon also became a shared experience with her family. ..They also stopped socializing and avoided family gather- ings so Singla did not feel left out or isolated.”可知，从Sin gl准备印度公务员考试的过程中我们能推断出“人多力 量大”。] 2.C[推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Singla's story of endurance and sacrifice at an age when many don't have a clue about what to do with their lives offers a glimpse in- to India's unmerciful exam system;endless cramming, involvement of the family,finding ways to save time and avoiding any distraction from the world.”可知，作者认为 印度的公务员考试是艰难且无情的。] 3.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中 "For close to three years.Gamini Singla stayed away from friends,...dug into text books and studied for up tol0 hours a day..”以及最后一段中“Singla was finally qualified to become a part of the elite()IAS after so many hardships (Indian administrative service),which mostly runs the country through collectors of India's dis- tricts,senior government officials and managers of state- owned companies.”可知，本文主要讲述了Singla经过不 懈努力和付出，最终成功通过印度公务员考试，成为精 英公务员的故事，体现了“没有付出就没有收获”的 道理。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了媒 体素养的重要性，以及如何培养媒体素养。 4.C[词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Whether it's the in- creasing awareness of political disinformation or the threat of Al,discussions about media literacy are on the rise.”以及划线单词句中“The adoption of media literacy in the classroom,however,stagnates.”可知，此处关于媒 体素养的讨论在增加，但是媒体素养在课堂上的普及却 停滞不前。故可猜测划线单词stagnates为“停滞不前” 的意思，和C选项Falls well short“远远不够”意思 相近。 5.DL细节理解题。根据第二段中“The driving force for providing kids with media literacy skills often gets lost in the moral panic over technology and kids....They are 3