课时作业5 推理判断题(3)-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

课时作业5 A(记叙文) More than three centuries after she made an adventurous transatlantic voyage to study butterflies,a rare copy of the hand-coloured masterwork by the great naturalist and artist Maria Merian is returning to Amsterdam. Metamorphosis of the Suriname is one of the most fascinating(有吸引力的)books in natural history.It included some 60 richly col- oured plates illustrating the different stages of development that she had observed in Suriname's insects.Metamorphosis of the Su- riname is a work of art and scientific scholar- ship.Merian recorded the local names of plants and insects she studied.In contrast to other European naturalists,she credited local people with helping her discover the colony's wildlife,although didn't name individuals. Born in 1647 in Frankfurt,Germany, Merian learned to paint in her artist father's workshop,and became fascinated by silk- worms,moths and butterflies.At that time, insects were believed to spring forth magically from mud,waste and plant matter in a process known as“spontaneous generation”. While Merian was not the first to show the transformation from egg to adult insect,her artistic talents helped to bring this message to a wider audience.The pioneering work of Me- rian was celebrated for its scientific accuracy and for bringing a new standard of precision to scientific illustration. In 1691,Merian moved to Amsterdam and opened her own studio.She worked as an independent artist and prepared specimens for a growing market of collectors.In Amster- dam,Merian had access to some of the finest natural history collections in the world.As she associated with famous scholars,physi- cians and botanists,ideas for her own voyage of discovery began to take shape.At 52,she embarked on(开始)a self-funded voyage to Suriname,driven by curiosity about the lives of insects. Her image would be dismissed as a fanta- sy.In the 18th century,people responded: "that's what you get when you send a woman to tropical places.She probably made that 2 准理判断题(3) up".But scientists later confirmed her find- ings.The spider plate was a very good exam- ple of how Merian worked.She was a really good observer. 1.What do we know about Metamorphosis of the Suriname? A.It won a book award for art. B.It listed the names of local helpers. C.It recorded Merian's transatlantic voyage. D.It was based on Merian's own observa- tions. 2.What was the significance of Merian's work? A.It had extremely high artistic value. B.It was the first natural history book. C.It shaped our understanding of insects. D.It introduced a creative research theory. 3.What can be inferred about nature study in Merian's time? A.It lacked convincing evidence. B.It was conducted in tough places. C.It was considered the domain of men. D.It greatly improved women's social status. B(记叙文) More than 20 years ago,Yung-Chi Cheng,a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea:What if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer?What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better?No one had done it before.Fellow re- searchers and experts advised him to change course,because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky.But Cheng didn't let the idea go. Now,in a landmark moment in cancer research,Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug,YIV-906.Shwu-Huey Liu,a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng's Yale lab,spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale's library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs.She returned with Huang Qin Tang,a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses,based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug's effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients.The positive effects dis- played again and again,YIV-906 not only re- duced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer sur- vival rates. All they need now are larger data sets.When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now,YIV-906 may find it- self next in a long line of breakthrough drugs de- veloped from natural products,which includes a malaria(疟疾)treatment developed from the Chi nese herb ginghao,the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey,but if Cheng and his team are successful,it could create a new approach for treating cancer.They called the new approach“WE”medicine,a combina- tion of Western medicine and Eastern medi- cine."It's a totally new model.I've met with a lot of doubt,but think the results will speak for themselves,Cheng said. 4.What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng's research？ A.Creative.B.Comprehensive. C.Conventional.D.Challenging. 5.Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A.She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B.She desired to find inspiration for trea- ting diseases. C.She tried to document the history of Chi- nese herbs. D.She determined to find a cure for stom- ach illnesses. 6.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.Steps of the drug testing. B.The application of YIV-906. C.Effects of the clinical trial. D.The effectiveness of YIV-906. 7.Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A.To illustrate the value of botanical drugs. B.To advocate the adoption of“WE”medi cine. C.To praise Tu's contributions to drug de- velopment. D.To highlight its success in medicine de- velopment. C(说明文) The earth has officially passed its first climate tipping point -a point where many small changes lead to a sudden big shift in the climate system,just like the last straw that breaks a camel's back. Rising ocean temperatures have pushed warm water corals worldwide beyond their tolerance limits.Corals are now dying at a re- cord rate,threatening not only the reefs but also the livelihoods of about one billion people who depend on the ocean.Scientists reached this conclusion in the Global Tipping Points Report 2025,led by the University of Exeter and involving more than 160 researchers from 23 countries. Worse still,this is just the beginning. The world has already suffered hundreds of extreme weather events in recent years,and more tipping points are approaching rapidly. If the Earth continues to warm,the Amazon rainforest may die back,ice sheets could melt quickly,and a key ocean-current system might break down.Of these threats,the Am- azon is a major concern.Deforestation there, combined with rising temperatures,has greatly increased the risk of reaching more tipping points soon.Without immediate ac- tion,these crises will only worsen,affecting every corner of the globe. Still,there may be a silver lining.Steve Smith,a geographer at the University of Ex- eter,notes:"Since 2023,we've witnessed encouraging developments in the global adop- tion of clean technologies."Electric vehicles and solar-cell tech are among them,and bat- tery prices have dropped. The report stresses that governments need a complete reform in their climate poli- cies.Immediate action is required to cut harmful emissions,remove carbon dioxide, and protect forests.Delaying will only lead to more serious climate damage.Everyone should act now before it is too late,whether by choosing low-carbon products or spreading the message of climate protection. 8.How does the author explain "tipping point”in Paragraph 1? A.By listing a fact. B.By stating an argument. C.By raising a question. D.By making a definition. 8 9.What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest in Paragraph 3? A.It has already died back completely. B.It may face potential ecological collapse. C.It has been saved from the tipping point. D.It is threatened by ineffective local ac- tion. 10.What does the underlined phrase "a silver lining"mean in Paragraph 4? A.An amazing sight. B.A hidden concern. C.A promising sign. D.A natural wonder. 11.What is this text mainly about? A.Steps to protect endangered ecosys- tems. B.Climate crises and urgent action nee- ded. C.Recent progress in clean energy tech- nologies. D.The Amazon's role in causing climate disasters. D(说明文) In most theoretical models examining how reputations impact people's desire to co- operate with one another,reputations are de- fined as either good or bad,based on limited information.These models have typically as- sumed that a single action determines someone's reputation. There is a lot of information available about people's behavior in today's world,especially with social media.A research by biology professor Je- shua Plotkin's team showed that looking at multi- ple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain cooperation,a method they call "look twice,forgive once'”. The basic idea in this study is that if you observe two interactions of somebody and at least one of them is an action that you would consider good,then you cooperate with that person,but otherwise you reject them. The research points out that even if dif- ferent people in a society subscribe to differ- ent standards of judgment,"look twice,for- give once"still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation.Plotkin says that this O method maintains cooperation without refer- ring to reputations released by public institu- tions.It offers an important alternative when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation. Plotkin says all researchers were sur- prised that the“look twice,.forgive once'” strategy couldn't be displaced by other strate- gies,such as always cooperating or always re- jecting,looking at more than two actions from a person,or forgiving a different pro- portion of“bad actions”.Perhaps most sur- prisingly looking more than twice didn't gen- erate an additional benefit."Information turned out to be a double-edged sword,so that even,when information was freely acces- sible,individuals were typically unable to use all of it,”he adds. Plotkin notes that the overall simplicity and reliability of their findings indicate that this behavioral strategy might be old in hu- man societies.The researchers see potential for anthropologists(人类学家)and behavioral scientists to build on their work. 12.How does Plotkin's method of judging be- havior differ from prior models? A.It relies mainly on social media. B.It emphasizes public reputation. C.It requires less personal information. D.It takes into account more behaviors. l3.What can be inferred about the“look twice” method? A.It broadens the definition of reputation. B.It develops alternative ways to cooper- ate. C.It encourages concentration on good behav- iors. D.It aims to provide a solution to social problems. 14.What does the underlined word "consen- sus"in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Agreement.B.Resources. C.Motivation.D.Benefits. 15.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about con- cerning the“look twice'”strategy? A.Its effectiveness.B.Its application. C.Its disadvantages.D.Its influence. 911.B[推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇以一袋薯 片扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾 等人类在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生态系统的危害，如 改变动物行为、引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出小径拍照 等行为对自然和野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动 对自然环境的不良影响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野 外不留下痕迹。] D.[语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了历史 上技术突破利弊共存，如今A】使人类认知面临过时风险， 引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。 l2.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes,each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (causing risks.Fire could warm us or destroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war.”可知，技术突破既有积极的一 面，也有消极的一面，这体现了事物都有两面性。] l3.A[推理判断题。根据第二段“For the first time in history,human cognition itself is at risk of being out- of-date”可知，作者说“But today,something is differ- ent.”指的是人类认知开始面临过时的情况。] 14.C[推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过列举“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes 火的发现到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged our physical reach,the Internet expanded our access to information,and computers increased our ability to compute,.”等例子，来阐迷不同技术的特点以及人工智 能与以往技术的不同，从而呈现文章的主旨。] l5.A[观，点态度题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can?And, more importantly,what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaran- teed?”以及最后一段“AI's capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak posi- tion,one where we must confront our own limitations." 可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表示担忧。] 课时作业5推理判断题(3) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伟 大的博物学家和艺术家玛丽亚·梅里安(Maria Merian)进 行了一次充满冒险的跨大西洋之旅以研究蝴蝶，三个多世 纪后，她的一本手绘彩色杰作的稀有副本正回归阿姆斯特 丹。《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》是自然历史领域最具吸引力 的书籍之一。文章同时讲述了梅里安的生平以及她做出 的贡献。 1.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Metamorphosis of the Suriname is one of the most fascinating(有吸引力的) books in natural history.It included some 60 richly col- oured plates illustrating the different stages of develop- ment that she had observed in Suriname's insects." 知，《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》是基于梅里安自己的观察(It was based on Merian's own observations.),书中有大约 60幅色彩丰富的插图，描绘了她在苏里南观察到的昆虫 的不同发育阶段。 2.CL推理判断题。根据第三段中“At that time,insects were believed to spring forth magically from mud,waste and plant matter in a process known as spontaneous generation'...The pioneering work of Merian was cel- ebrated for its scientific accuracy and for bringing a new standard of precision to scientific illustration..”可知，当 时人们认为昆虫是通过“自然发生”从泥土、废物和植物 物质中神奇地产生的，而梅里安的开创性工作以其科学 30 练习册参考答案 准确性和为科学插图带来新的精确标准而受到赞蓉，她 的艺术才能让更多人了解到昆虫从卵到成虫的转变，说 明她的作品塑造了我们对昆虫的理解(It shaped our un derstanding of insects.) 3.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her image would be dismissed as a fantasy.In the 18th century,people re- sponded:'that's what you get when you send a woman to tropical places..She probably made that up'.”可知，在l8 世纪，人们认为派一个女人去热带地区得到的结果可能 是编造的，这暗示在梅里安那个时代，自然研究被认为 是男性的领域(It was considered the domain of men,)。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了耶 鲁大学癌症药物开发教授郑永齐研究一种新的治疗癌症 的方法。 4.D[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course,because devel- oping botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn't let the idea go..”可推知，研究人员最初 认为郑永齐的研究是具有挑战性的。] 5.B[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Shwu-Huey Liu,a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng's Yale lab,spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale's library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs.She returned with Huang Qin Tang,a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses,based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice,”可推知，刘淑 惠参考中国古代文献是因为她希望找到治疗疾病的 灵感。] 6.D[段落大意题。根据第三段“What followed were years of additional testing of the drug's effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving o- ver 200 patients.The positive effects displayed again and again,Y1V-906 not only reduced the side effects of radi- ation treatment,but also led to faster recovery and lon- ger survival rates..”可知，第三段主要讲了YIV-906的有 效性。 7.A[推理判断题。根据第四段中“When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now,YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (treatment developed from the Chinese herb ginghao,the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou."可推知，作 者提到中药青蒿是为了说明植物性药物的价值。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地 球已经越过了第一个气候临界点，气候危机日益严重，并 强调了采取紧急行动以应对气候变化的必要性。 8.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“The earth has officially passed its first climate tipping point -a point where many small changes lead to a sudden big shift in the cli- mate system,just like the last straw that breaks a camel's back,.(地球已经正式越过了第一个气候临界，点 一许多小的变化导致气候系统突然发生大的转变，就 像压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。)”可知，作者通过下定义 的方式解释了“tipping point”。] 9.B[推理判断题。根据第三段“If the Earth continues to warm,the Amazon rainforest may die back,ice sheets could melt quickly,and a key ocean-current system might break down.Of these threats,the Amazon is a major concern.Deforestation there,combined with ris- ing temperatures,has greatly increased the risk of reac 英语 hing more tipping points soon.(如果地球继续变暖，亚 马逊雨林可能会退化，冰盖可能会迅速融化，一个关键 的洋流系统可能会崩潰。在这些威胁中，亚马逊雨林是 一个主要关注点。那里的森林砍伐，加上气温上升，大 大增加了很快达到更多临界点的风险。)”可知，亚马逊 雨林可能面临潜在的生态崩溃。] l0.C[词句猜测题。根据第四段“Still,there may be a silver lining.Steve Smith,a geographer at the Univer- sity of Exeter,notes:'Since 2023,we've witnessed en- couraging developments in the global adoption of clean technologies.'Electric vehicles and solar-cell tech are among them,and battery prices have dropped.(尽管如 此，仍可能有a silver lining。埃克塞特大学地理学家史 蒂夫·史密斯指出：‘自2023年以来，我们见证了全球 采用清洁技术的令人鼓舞的发展。’电动汽车和太阳能 电池技术就是其中之一，电池价格也有所下降。)”可 知，尽管气候危机严重，但清洁技术的发展带来了希 望。因此，a silver lining的意思是“一个有希望的迹 象”。门 1l.BL主旨大意题。根据第一段“The earth has officially passed its first climate tipping point -a point where many small changes lead to a sudden big shift in the cli- mate system,just like the last straw that breaks a came's back.(地球已经正式通过了它的第一个气候临 界点一在这个临界，点上，许多微小的变化会导致气 候系统的突然大转变，就像压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草 一样。)”、最后一段“The report stresses that govern ments need a complete reform in their climate policies Immediate action is required to cut harmful emissions, remove carbon dioxide,and protect forests..(报告强调， 各国政府需要对其气候政策进行彻底改草。需要立即 采取行动，减少有害排放，清除二氧化碳，保护森林。)” 以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了地球已经越过了 第一个气候临界，点，气候危机日益严重，并强调了采取 紧急行动的必要性，包括减少有害排放、去除二氧化碳 和保护森林等，故文章的主旨大意是：气候危机和需要 采取的紧急行动。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生物学 教授Jeshua Plotkin团队的研究成果。该研究提出了一种 新的行为判断方法一一“看两次，原凉一次”，即通过观察 一个人的多个行为，并原凉其部分不良行为，来决定是否 与其合作。研究表明，这种方法在促进合作方面具有显著 效果，即使在信息自由获取的情况下，个体通常无法使用 所有信息。 12.D[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“looking at multi ple actions and forgiving some bad actions is a method of judging behavior that is sufficient to sustain coopera tion,a method they call‘look twice,forgive once'.”可 知，Plotkin的方法与之前的模型不同之处在于它考虑 了更多的行为。] l3.BL推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to dif- ferent standards of judgment,...It offers an important alter- native when public institutions exist but decrease of trust in them prevents cooperation.”可推知，该方法提出了一种在 信任公共机构不足的情况下促进合作的另一种方式，因此 可以推断出它开发了其他合作方式。 l4.A[词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“The research points out that even if different people in a society subscribe to dif- ferent standards of judgment,'look twice,forgive once'still generates sufficient consensus to promote cooperation." 30 知，划线词上文提到了社会中不同的人有不同的判断标 准，划线词下文提到了促进合作，可推理出划线单词“con sensus”的意思是“共识”，与A项“Agreement(一致)”含义 接近。 l5.AL推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Plotkin says all researchers were surprised that the 'look twice,forgive once'strategy couldn't be displaced by other strategies, such as always cooperating or always rejecting,looking at more than two actions from a person,or forgiving a different proportion of'bad actions'.Perhaps most sur- prisingly looking more than twice didn't generate an ad- ditional benefit.”可知，本段提到了所有研究人员都感 到惊讶的是，“看两次，原谅一次”的策略无法被其他策 略所取代。也许最令人惊讶的是，观察超过两次并没 有带来额外的好处，可推理出第五段主要讲述了“看两 次”策略的有效性。门 课时作业6主旨大意题(1) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了天 生缺少左手的作者从隐藏自身缺陷到最终接纳自我独特 性的心路历程，强调了自我接纳的重要性。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“I gently pushed him a side and figured out a way to do it with one hand..”可知， 作者通过自己的方式解决了系鞋带问题。] 2.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“That relationship en- ded after ten years,but I kept the self-love and compas- sion I learned from it.From that point on,I saw my difference as something unique and beautiful about me, something that should be shown,not hidden,”可知，作 者在关系结束后，拥有了从那段关系中学到的自爱和同 理心，认为应该展示而不是隐藏自身缺陷，可推理出作 者形成了积极的心态。] 3.D[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者天生残疾，全文围绕 作者从自卑到接纳身体独特性的转变展开，作者最后认为 自己应该展示而不是隐藏，D项“The Acceptance of Unique- ness(接纳独特性)”表达的含义准确概括了文章主旨，适合 用作本文标题。 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍少年本杰 明·戴雏斯发现校园塑料垃圾堆积的环境问题，自主研发 回收设备，将塑料瓶与3D打印废料加工为优质打印耗材， 历经质疑与反复试验最终取得成功，并立志用创新行动助 力环保、激励青少年关注现实问题。 4.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“Benjamin's inspiration struck when he noticed massive amounts of plastic waste piling up in his school's art room.(本杰明注意到学校美 术室推积着大量塑料垃圾，由此产生了研发灵感。)”可 知，校园塑料垃圾问题促使他发明这台回收机器。] 5.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Compared with tradi tional industrial recycling machines,his design uses 70% less energy and produces materials of higher quality.(5 传统工业回收设备相比，他的设计能耗降低百分之七 十，且产出耗材质量更高。)”可知，该机器具备节能的 优势。] 6.A[推理判断题。根据第二段“Determined to find a practical solution,he began to research ways to change waste into valuable resources.Over 18 months,he worked patiently in his garage,researching,designing, and constructing different models until he finally created a small,and advanced machine..(他决心找到一个切实可 行的解决方案，于是开始研究如何将废弃物转化为有价 值的资源。在长达18个月的时间里，他一直耐心地在 自己的车库里工作，进行研究、设计和建造各种模型，直 2