课时作业3 推理判断题(1)-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

课时作业3扌 A(记叙文) Babe Ruth,known by nicknames like the “Sultan of Swat”and the“Colossus of Clout",was famous for his amazing skills on the baseball field.But not many people know that he was also a pioneer in cancer treat- ment.Born in February 1895,Babe Ruth was already the undoubted king of baseball by the time he turned 30.His career was filled with record-breaking achievements,including set- ting new single-season home run records three years in a row.Despite his success on the field, his lifestyle off the field was not very healthy, which eventually led to health problems. In 1925,Ruth collapsed due to severe stomach pain caused by his poor diet,which included eating too many hot dogs and drink- ing lots of soda.This event sparked rumors (谣言)about his death but actually led to a suspension from baseball in 1925.When he became seriously ill in 1946,doctors discov- ered he had nasopharyngeal cancer.Tradition- al treatments did not stop the progress of his illness.In 1947,Dr.Richard Lewisohn sug- gested that Ruth participate in a clinical trial for teropterin,an experimental drug that had only been tested on rats before.This made Ruth one of the first patients to receive chem- otherapy(化疗). "I realized that if anything was learned about that type of treatment,whether good or bad,”Ruth wrote in his autobiography,“it would be useful in the future for doctors and maybe for a lot of people with the same prob- lem as mine.” Ruth's response to the treatment was ini- tially positive,though it did not last long.He passed away on August 16,1948,but his leg- acy in both sports and medicine lives on. Thanks to Ruth and other early participants, chemotherapy became widely available in the 1950s,significantly improving survival rates for various types of cancer. 1.What can be inferred about Babe Ruth in Para- graph 1? A.He was known for his nicknames. B.He was the best baseball player of his time. 2 准理判断题(1) C.His training method off the field ruined his health. D.Few people know that he devoted a lot to cancer treatment. 2.What does the author want to show by quo- ting Ruth's autobiography in Paragraph 3? A.Ruth's achievements in baseball. B.Ruth's curiosity about chemotherapy. C.Ruth's doubt about the new treatment. D.Ruth's contribution to cancer treatment. 3.Which of the following words can best de- scribe Babe Ruth? A.Modest and generous. B.Ambitious and proud. C.Energetic and devoted. D.Optimistic and courageous. B(说明文) For thousands of years,people have changed food to please their sense of taste. More than 3,000 years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today,cooked corn kernels(玉米粒)in a so lution of wood ash or limestone.The process unlocked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn,making it easier to chew. With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century,the industrial-scale transforma- tion of food became possible.According to the UN,the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20%between 1961 and 2021,to 3,500 kilocalories.In that time,obesity rates have more than tripled;today,nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight. Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap,tasty snacks may itself be harmful.A particular tar- get is“ultra-processed foods'”(UPFs),heavi- ly processed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.At the heart of the debate is a ques- tion:are UPFs unhealthy because their nutri- tional content is poor,or does the processing somehow pose risks in itself?At the turn of the 21st century some scientists noticed that people in Brazil were buying less sugar and oil than in the past.Yet rates of obesity were still rising.This unintentionally occurred with the growing popularity of packaged desserts and ready-made meals. By now numerous studies have shown that people who consume diets high in UPFs tend to have more health problems.But a re- cent analysis by Samuel Dicken and Rachel Batterham at University College London re- viewed 37 studies and found that even after adjusting for fat,sugar and salt UPFs were still strongly linked to poor health.That sug- gests there is more to their harm than just a poor nutrient profile. Where those harms come from is still un- clear,however.With so many influential cau- ses that could also explain poor health-such as income and education-observational stud- ies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. Arne Astrup,a Danish researcher,argues that evidently most of the studies that make statistical adjustments to try to isolate() the effects of processing are "not good enough”. 4.Why did Mesoamericans process corn ker- nels? A.To ensure better consumption. B.To enable easy handling. C.To discover new solutions. D.To facilitate safe storage. 5.What do the data in Paragraph 2 show? A.The history of food industry. B.The benefits of preserved food. C.The results of food mass production. D.The development of food processing. 6.What can be inferred about ultra-processed foods? A.Their popularity is in decline. B.Their presence changes Brazilians'diet. C.Their nutrients can make up for their risks. D.Their processing methods arouse con- cerns. 7.Why do observational studies fail to deter- mine the effects of UPFs? A.Many factors affect the results. B.The related statistics are inaccurate. C.The studies lack enough evidence. D.The causes of harm remain unknown. C(说明文) When you listen to music,it's not just your ears that are engaged.The areas of your brain responsible for emotion and memory al- so become active.The hippocampus(海马体)， essential for memories,works closely with the amygdala(杏仁体)，the brain's emotional center.. This explains why some songs are both memorable and emotional.Given music's ability to evoke emo- tions and trigger memories,we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories, through the process of memory reactivation. To test this,we conducted a three-day ex- periment.On the first day,participants memorized neutral stories.The next day,they recalled the stories while listening to positive,negative music, or in silence,with fMRI(功能性磁共振成像) scans recording their brain activity.On the final day,they recalled the stories without music.The results were remarkable.When recalling neutral stories,participants listening to emotionally charged music were more likely to add new emo- tional elements into the story that matched the mood of the music. The brain scans from the experiment were even more interesting.When participants recalled stories with music,there was in- creased activity in the hippocampus and amyg- dala.This is why a song associated with a signif- icant life event can feel so powerful-it activates both emotion-and memory-processing regions at the same time.We also observed strong com- munication between these emotional memory processing areas of the brain and the areas in- volved in visual sensory processing.This sug- gests that music might add emotional details into memories while participants are visually imagining the stories. Our findings indicate that music serves as an emotional lure(诱饵)，becoming intertwined with memories and subtly altering their emotional tone. For people dealing with conditions such as depres- sion or PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)，where negative memories can be overwhelming,carefully chosen music might help reconstruct those memories in a more positive light and potentially reduce their negative emotional impact over time.It also paves new paths for exploring music-based interventions in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions. 2 8.What is the purpose of the experiment? A.To illustrate an argument. B.To draw a comparison. C.To clarify a misconception. D.To confirm an assumption. 9.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A.Music-aided memories are richer. B.Music makes life more powerful. C.Brain areas work independently. D.Music has little impact on brain. 10.What's the author's attitude toward the potential of music in mental health treat- ment? A.Skeptical. B.Positive. C.Indifferent. D.Negative. 11.Which would be the best title for the pas- sage？ A.Music Can Alter the Emotional Tone of Memory B.Music Can Separate Emotions from Memory C.Music Can Promote Brain Activity D.Music Can Help Improve Memory D(说明文) Artificial intelligence (Al)is often seen as a tool that replaces human labor.Howev- er,a new study from Swansea University of- fers a different view.It suggests that AI can act as a creative partner,encouraging explo- ration and inspiration. Researchers carried out one of the largest studies on how people work with AI during creative tasks.More than 800 participants joined an online experiment.They used an AI system to design virtual cars.Instead of sim- ply finding the best design quickly,the sys- tem used a method called MAP-Elites.It cre- ated visual galleries filled with many different design possibilities.These galleries showed a wide range of car concepts,including highly effective designs,unusual ideas,and even some intentionally poor ones. Dr Walton,the lead author of the study, explained,"People often think AI speeds up tasks or improves efficiency,but our findings show something more interesting.When peo- ple were shown AI-generated design sugges- tions,they spent more time on the task,pro- duced better designs,and felt more involved. It was not just about efficiency.It was about creativity and cooperation. 2 The study also points out a problem with how AI design tools are usually assessed. Standard measurements often focus on simple behaviors,such as how often users click on or copy Al suggestions.According to the re- searchers,these measures miss important as- pects of the experience,such as how Al influ- ences people's thoughts,emotions,and will- ingness to explore new ideas. Dr Walton emphasized that variety in Al- generated output played a key role."Partici- pants responded most positively to galleries that included a wide variety of ideas,inclu- ding bad ones.These helped them move be- yond their first thoughts and explore a wider range of designs.This structured diversity prevented early fixation and encouraged crea- tive risk-taking..” As AI become more common in home in creative fields,from engineering to music and game design,understanding how humans and AI work together is essential.The question is not only what AI can do,but how it can help us think,create,and collaborate more effec- tively. 12.What do the findings of the study mainly disapprove of AI? A.It pushes users to try new ideas. B.It takes over jobs done by people. C.It supports deeper involvement in tasks. D.It serves as an inspiring creative part- ner. 13.How did the AI system in the experiment differ from conventional ones? A.It was used to improve work speed. B.It optimized designs automatically. C.It presented diverse visual options. D.It was designed to reduce human effort. 14.What is the major limitation of current AI assessment methods? A.They ignore Al's mental impact. B.They miss the process of creation. C.They fail to track users'behaviors. D.They focus on the quality of a task. 15.What is Dr Walton's attitude towards Al in creative tasks? A.Doubtful. B.Fearful. C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned. 315.CL标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Despite being more digitally connected than ever,we are loneli- er and more anxious..”、第三段中“While these conven iences offer short-term relief,they may weaken our thinking skills.”以及第四段中“That is the problem:the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us." 可知，文章主要讲述了现代生活中人们过于依赖智能 手机和各种智能技术，造成了一些不良后果，如焦虑、 抑郁、思维能力下降等。作者认为，我们应该适当减少 对这些便利的依赖，通过面对一些“微小的不便”来增 强自己的抗逆力，C选项“不适感：韧性的隐藏来源”最 符合文章主旨。] 课时作业3推理判断题(1) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了棒 球传奇人物贝比·鲁斯(Babe Ruth)不仅在棒球领域取得 了卓越成就，还是癌症治疗领域的先驱。 1.B[推理判断题。根据第一段“Babe Ruth,known by nicknames like the 'Sultan of Swat'and the 'Colossus of Clout',was famous for his amazing skills on the baseball field.But not many people know that he was also a pio- neer in cancer treatment.”可推知，贝比·鲁斯是他那个 时代最棒的棒球运动员。」 2.D[推理判断题。根据第三段中引用的鲁斯自传的话 "'I realized that if anything was learned about that type of treatment,whether good or bad,'Ruth wrote in his autobiography,'it would be useful in the future for doc- tors and maybe for a lot of people with the same problem as mine.’”以及最后一段“Thanks to Ruth and other ear- ly participants,chemotherapy became widely available in the 1950s,significantly improving survival rates for vari- ous types of cancer..”可推知，作者通过引用鲁斯自传中 的话是想表明鲁斯对癌症治疗的贡献。] 3.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“But not many people know that he was also a pioneer in cancer treatment." 推知，鲁斯是勇敢的；根据第三段中引用的鲁斯自传的 话“‘I realized that if anything was learned about that type of treatment,whether good or bad,'Ruth wrote in his autobiography,'it would be useful in the future for doctors and maybe for a lot of people with the same problem as mine..,”以及第四段中“Ruth's response to the treatment was initially positive,though it did not last long. 可推知，鲁斯是乐观的；故面对疾病，鲁斯表现出了乐观、开 朗、积极治疗且充满勇气。门 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数 千年来人类不断加工食物以满足口味需求，19世纪食品工 业化后，食物供应增加但肥胖率飙升。如今超加工食品因 加工方式引发担忧，虽与健康问题相关，但其危害根源受 多种因素千扰仍未明确。 4.A[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The process un locked nutrients and softened the tough outer shells of the corn,making it easier to chew.”可知，中美洲人加工玉米粒 是为了让其更易于食用。] 5.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“With the invention of canned goods in the 19th century,the industrial-scale transformation of food became possible...In that time, obesity rates have more than tripled;today,nearly one in three people globally is obese or overweight..”可知，这 些数据展示了食品大规模生产带来的结果，包括食物供 应增加以及肥胖率上升等情况。] 29 练习册参考答案 6.D[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Now worries are mounting that the heavy processing used to cook up cheap,tasty snacks may itself be harmful.A particular target is 'ultra-processed foods'(UPFs),heavily pro- cessed foods like ice-cream or instant noodles.”可知，超 加工食品的加工方式引发了担忧。」] 7,A[细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“With so many influential causes that could also explain poor health- such as income and education -observational studies a- lone cannot offer conclusive answers.”可知，许多因素会 影响结果，所以仅仅是观察性研究无法确定超加工食品 的影响。] C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项 关于音乐对记忆影响的实验，主要探讨音乐与人类大脑记 忆和情感之间的关系，向读者解释了音乐如何改变现有记 忆的情感内容。 8.DL推理判断题。根据第一段“we supposed it could al ter the emotional content of existing memories,through the process of memory reactivation.”以及第二段“To test this,we conducted a three-day experiment.”可知， 进行这个实验是为了验证“音乐可能通过再激活来改变 现有记忆的情感内容。”这一假设。] 9.A[推理判断题。根据第三段内容“When participants recalled stories with music,there was increased activity in the hippocampus and amygdala...This suggests that music might add emotional details into memories while participants are visually imagining the stories.”可知，音 乐能激活海马体和杏仁体等区域，还可能在参与者视觉 想象故事时为记忆注入情感细节，说明有音乐辅助的记 忆更丰富。] l0.B[观点态度题。根据最后一段“It also paves new paths for exploring music-based interventions in the treatment of depression and other mental health condi- tions.”可知，作者认为精心桃选的音乐对治疗抑郁症和 其他心理健康问题开辟了新道路，所以作者的态度是积 极的。] 11.A[标题归纳题。本文主要围绕音乐对记忆的情感基 调的影响展开。开篇“we supposed it could alter the emotional content of existing memories,through the process of memory reactivation.”提出假设，接着通过实 验，发现参与者在听着有情感倾向的音乐回忆中性故事 时，更有可能给故事添加与音乐情绪相符的情感元素。 且大脑扫描的结果进一步表明了音乐能融入情感细节， 改变记忆的情感基调，A项“音乐可以改变记忆的情感 基调”最适合作为本文标题。 D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是 关于人工智能在创意任务中的作用，研究表明，人工智能 可作为创意伙伴。 l2.B「细节理解题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (Al)is often seen as a tool that replaces human labor. However,a new study from Swansea University offers a different view.It suggests that Al can act as a crea- tive partner,encouraging exploration and inspiration." 可知，该研究不同意人工智能是替代人力的工具这一 常见观点。门 l3.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead of simply find- ing the best design quickly,the system used a method called MAP-Elites.It created visual galleries filled with many different design possibilities..”可知，实验中的人 工智能系统能够呈现多样的视觉选择而传统系统无法 做到。] 英语 14.A[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“According to the researchers,these measures miss important aspects of the experience,such as how Al influences people's thoughts,emotions,and willingness to explore new ideas..”可知，当前的衡量标准忽略了体验的重要方面， 比如人工智能如何影响人们的思想、情感和探索新想 法的意愿。由此可推知，当前人工智能的衡量标准忽 略了心理影响。] l5.CL推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr Walton,the lead author of the study,explained,'People often think Al speeds up tasks...about efficiency.It was about crea- tivity and cooperation.,”和倒数第二段中Dr Walton说 的话“Participants responded most positively to galleries that included a wide variety of ideas,including bad ones.These helped them move beyond their first thoughts and explore a wider range of designs.This structured diversity prevented early fixation and encour- aged creative risk-taking..”可知，他认为人工智能能激 发创意，提升参与感，鼓励探索。故其态度是支持的。」 课时作业4推理判断题(2) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Halli因肌肉疾病使用轮椅，在回到冰岛后面临诸多不便， 于是他决定利用自己的资源发起“Ramp Up Reykjavik”非 营利项目，旨在为雷克雅未克市中心建造永久斜坡，以方 便轮椅通行。他的行动证明了共同努力可以使社会更加 包容。 l.A[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“As he waited outside,he thought about how often he had been exclu- ded from places like restaurants and stores because they were not accessible.”以及第三段中的“After selling his company,Ueno,to Twitter (now X),he decided to use his resources to make Iceland more wheelchair-friendly." 可知，是缺乏轮椅通道激发了Halli启动“Ramp Up Rey- kjavik”项目。] 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Halli,a successful digital designer,had lived in many cities worldwide and no- ticed how differently they approached accessibility.After sell- ing his company,Ueno,to Twitter (now X),he decided to use his resources to make Iceland more wheelchair-friendly. 以及最后一段中“He hopes his work inspires others.Re cently,a woman built a ramp at her home so her wheelchair- using friend could visit easily..”可知，Halli决定利用自己的资 源让冰岛更加适合轮椅出行，旨在让冰岛变得更加包容，同 时他的工作激励了其他人，比如那位为轮椅朋友在家中建 造坡道的女性。由此表明，Hali是一个有启发性且富有开 创精神的人。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘Equal ac cess is not a reality yet,'he says,but change starts with one person.’”可知，Halli期望人们从小事做起实 现平等无障碍。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作 者在60岁时决定独自旅行，克服内心的恐惧和不安，勇敢 追求梦想的故事，鼓励人们无论年龄多大都要追随自己的 梦想。 4.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet as I turned60,the inner call grew increasingly urgent,accompanied by fears that I had missed my last chance,(然而，当我60岁时， 内心的呼唤变得越来越迫切，同时我也担心自己错过了 最后的机会。)”可知，作者60岁时决定独自旅行是因为 她最终回应了内心的呼唤。 30 5.B[推理判断题。根据第三段“According to a travel survey,I am far from alone.Among more than 2,800 respondents,20%of people over 50 plan to travel alone, and9I%have experienced such trips,.(根据一项旅行调 查，我并不孤单。在2800多名受访者中，20%的50岁 以上的人计划独自旅行，9]%的人有过这样的旅行经 历。)”可知，提到旅行调查的目的是为了证明作者的选 择是被广泛分享的，即很多人都有独自旅行的想法或 经历。] 6.D[推理判断题。根据第四段“The real inner conflict appeared when I was about to book my flight.Part of me silently prayed that the payment might not go through. However,I realized that the mixed feelings of excitement and terror are quite normal.(当我准备预订机票时，真 正的内心冲突出现了。我内心的一部分默默祈祷付款 可能不会成功。然而，我意识到兴奋和恐惧的混合感觉 是很正常的。)”可知，作者在预订机票时既兴奋又恐惧， 内心很矛盾。] 7.C[推理判断题。根据第一段“At60,I finally decided to pursue a dream that I had ignored for decades:trave- ling solo along Australia's western coast.(60岁时，我终 于决定追求一个我忽略了几十年的梦想：独自沿着澳大 利亚西海岸旅行。)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述 了作者在60岁时决定独自旅行，尽管面临内心的恐惧和 不安，但在家人的支持和自己的决心下，最终决定勇敢 追求梦想的故事。作者想传达的信息是，无论年龄多 大，都应该追随自己的梦想。门 C,[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活 动，特别是游客在自然保护区的不当行为，对自然环境造成的负 面影响。 8.B[词义猜测题。根据文章划线句子上文“A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Cav- erns National Park,New Mexico.This cave is almost cut off from the outside world,so introducing anything for- eign can be harmful.”以及“Soon,small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat,spreading the pollu- ti0n.”可知，一袋薯片掉落在洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小 时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之前薯片已经吸引了微小 生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物 也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以Ashley说“But that can be all it takes.”意思是损害已经造成了。] 9.A[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Leaving waste in- troduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results.Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down.'Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,says Watts.Everyone loses in this case’”可知，在公共土地上留下的外来垃圾会让动物接 触到非自然的食物，进而改变它们的行为，有时还会带 来灾难性的后果，比如尝到垃圾味道的熊会对人类构成 威胁。] 10.D[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘It's just such a hard thing to resist,'says Blye...including reducing the risk of erosion and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state.”可知，Blye说人们看到拍照机会很难抗拒，对敏 感生态系统的风险并不明显。人们很容易想到那边有 野花不应该踩到，但这些对沙漠生命至关重要的微小生 态系统有很多益处，而且需要数百年才能恢复到原来的 状态。所以作者在第五段提到野花是为了表明我们对 大自然敏感性的无意识。门