微课二 运用“4妙招”破解长难句-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案学生用书

英语 微课二运用“4 阅读理解得分低，根本原因是句子太长或 者句子结构复杂，使考生看不懂。句子太长或 者句子结构复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还 包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔 现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语 等等。 塑招一 寻谓语，提主干 般情况下，我们可以根据谓语来确定其主 语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上 的谓语时，则该句可能是并列句或复合句（并列 谓语的情况除外)。 (2026·全国二卷阅读D)That energy can be immediately used to accelerate(加速) the vehicle or,in the case of the Barcelona 例 subway system,sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. 寻谓语 本句的谓语为：can be immediately 分 used to accelerate(加速)；sent 析 提主干 本句的主干为：That energy can be immediately used...or sent. 主语“That energy”后接情态动词 “can be'”,然后由连词“or”连接两 个过去分词“used”和“sent”,构成 并列的被动谓语。第一个谓语部 分“immediately used to accelerate the vehicle”中，“immediately”为 副词作状语修饰“used”,不定式短 语“to accelerate the vehicle”作目 分 的状语。插入的介词短语“in the 析成分 case of the Barcelona subway sys- tem”为条件状语，限定第二个谓语 所描述的情形。第二个谓语部分 "sent along cables to supply electrici- ty for the station or for electric car chargers'”中，“along cables”为介 词短语作方式状语，不定式短语 “to supply electricity..”作目的 状语。 回收的能量可立刻用于车辆加速；而巴塞罗 句 那地铁系统中，这份能量还能通过电缆输 意 送，为车站设施或是电动汽车充电桩供电。 妙招”破解长难句 妙招二 提主干，去枝叶 般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的 信息为主要信息，从句、状语或定语等所表达 的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干被提炼出 来，就能完全把握句子的核心意义，也就不会 思维混乱，主次不分。 (2026·全国二卷阅读D)Alvaro Luna,a professor of electrical engineering,said that the system is innovative in so far as it 例 allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses-in this case powering elec- tric cars parked nearby. Alvaro Luna said that the system 提主干 is innovative. 主语“Alvaro Luna'”后的“a profes- sor of electrical engineering”是名 词短语作同位语，说明其身份；“in 分 so far as it allows for recycled en- ergy to be redirected to specific 去枝叶 local uses'”是由“in so far as”引导 的状语从句，对表语“innovative” 进行范围限定；破折号后的“in this case powering electric cars parked nearby'”是对“specific local uses”的具体举例说明。 电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗·卢纳表示，这套系统 的创新之处在于，它可以将回收的能源重新 句意 调配，供给本地特定用途 此处就是为附 近停放的电动汽车供电。 趣招三 寻关联，辨逻辑 些长难句其实是由若干分句组成的并列 句或复合句，它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。 如果找准这些关联词，我们就能够弄清楚句与句 之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清楚主句和从句的意 义，那么长句就容易理解了。 (2026·全国一卷阅读A)If you enter through the wrong access point,you'll be turned around and redirected,so it is 例 strongly suggested that you download your parking pass to your smartphone before ar- riving at the venue you'll be turned around and redirec- 提主干ted;it is suggested that you download your parking pass. If引导条件状语从句，that引导主 分 析 语从句(it为形式主语)，so连接结 寻关联，果并列分句；through the wrong 辨逻辑 access point地点状语，strongly副 词修饰suggested,before arriving at the venue时间状语。 如果你从错误的入口进入，会被折返引导， 句意因此强烈建议你在到达场馆前将停车票下 载到智能手机上。 塑招四 看搭配，防分隔 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭 配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。 考生若不受分隔现象的干扰，就会看清句子的 本来面目，对句意的理解就不会发生偏差。 口随堂小测夯基础 分析下列长难句并尝试翻译 1.（2026·全国一卷阅读A改编)Right across the street from the stadium stands Sonder Lum Hotel that provides spacious guest rooms and an open rooftop pool open all year round. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 ,主干为 工析成分] 本句中that引导定语从句修饰 Right across the street from the stadium 前置，open all year round形容词短语作后置定语修 饰 [翻译] 6 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 (2026·全国一卷阅读C)Oaks and sweet gums,which currently account for a major- 费 ity of the city's trees,produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called iso- prene. which引导非限制性定语从句修 Oaks and sweetgums,called 看搭配 isoprene过去分词短语作后置 定语。 析 which currently account for a ma jority of the city's trees为定语从 防分隔 句，修饰Oaks and sweetgums,把 主语Oaks and sweetgums和谓语 produce分隔开。 句： 目前占城市树木大多数的橡树和枫香树会 意 大量释放一种名为异戊二烯的化学物质。 夯基础固能力检测随堂效果 2.(2026·全国一卷阅读B改编)1 looked pointedly at the wooden bookshelf that stored at least three complete dictionaries while Kevin sighed out of obvious impa- tience at my refusal to use a phone for word search. [分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 主干为 析成分] 本句中that引导定语从句修饰 ,while引导 句；pointed ly副词修饰 out of obvious impa- tience at my refusal to use a phone for word search作 [翻译] 英语 3.(2026·全国一卷阅读B改编)It took him several frustrating attempts to locate the target word whose spelling he barely re- membered while flipping through the thick dictionary pages. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 主干为 [析成分]whose引导定语从句修饰 ,while引导省略式 从句；sev eral frustrating attempts为宾语，barely副 词修饰remembered,the thick dictionary pages为flipping through的宾语。 [翻译] 4.(2026·全国二卷阅读D)They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 ,主干为 [析成分]关系代词which引导定语从句 修饰先行词 ,在该定语从 句中，过去分词短语used in the braking ac- tion作 ,修饰energy;其后that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes为关系代词that引导的定语从句， 修饰先行词 ,说明在传统刹车系统 中这部分能量的去向。 [翻译] 5.(2026·全国二卷阅读B)On their first trip out,they were greeted with such enthusi- asm from the 10 families who'd already es- tablished homes there that they decided to J01n. [分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 主干为 [析成分]本句中such...that..引导 的是 从句；句首On their first trip out是介词短语作 状语；from thel0 families是介词短语作后置 修饰enthusiasm,表示热情欢迎的来源。定 语从句“who'd already established homes there”修饰先行词 ,说明 这些家庭的状况。 [翻译] 6.(2026·全国二卷阅读C)The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go es- sentially unnoticed -we mention it with out even considering what it means. [分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 主干为 [析成分]本句中主语The idea of sea lev- el as a reference point for elevations中，核 心名词 被介词短语of sea level所 修饰，而as a reference point for elevations 又进一步说明sea level的功能身份；by now 为时间 for so long as to go essen- tially unnoticed为结果状语，使用了so,.· asto..结构。破折号后的分句we men tion it without even considering what it means是对前文 的具体阐释。 [翻译] 7.(2026·全国一卷阅读B改编)While he was turning page after page with wide shocked eyes,he kept asking whether I had memorized every single word contained in- side the heavy reference book. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 ，主干为 [析成分]本句中While引导 从 句，whether引导 从句；page after page作宾语，with wide shocked eyes 状语，contained inside the heavy refer- ence book过去分词短语作 修 饰wOrd。 [翻译] 8.(2026·全国一卷阅读B改编)I decided that I would accumulate vocabulary as much as possible and began marking every vocabulary entry that I searched up with a thin pencil to track my learning progress. [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 [分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 continuously不定式作 状语，every year时间状语，numerous environmental 主干为 benefits和beautiful city landscapes并 列 [翻译] 析成分]本句中第一个that引导 从句，第二个that引导 从句 10.(2026·全国一卷阅读D改编)The beauty 修饰entry;as much as possible程度状语， group was ordered to judge and score each with a thin pencil方式状语，to track my clay artwork they saw,while the control learning progress不定式作 group only matched sketches to the real clay [翻译] pieces on show. [分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 9.(2026·全国一卷阅读C改编)To expand 主干为 urban green areas continuously,New York City plants tens of thousands of trees every year that bring numerous environmental benefits as well as beautiful city land- [析成分]本句中they saw为省略that scapes. 的定语从句修饰 ,while引 工分析] 寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 导对比并列分句；to judge and score不定 主干为 式作 ,on show后置定 语修饰 析成分]本句中that引导定语从句修饰 [翻译] To expand urban green areas [题型篇阅读之解题技法提升 高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅 要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅 读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，为了帮助考生清楚地了解 英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年高考真题阅读理解题的命题特点。 洞悉考情明方向 考情考向科学备考 [近三年高考考情分析] 2026 2025 202+ 年份/ 卷别 全国一卷 全国二卷 全国一卷 全国二卷 新课标I卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 全国甲卷 内容 A D C B:C D :A B C D A:B:C:D:A:B:C D:A B:C:D 应 应 记 议 应记议 文体 论 用 叙论 用 明 文 文 文 文 文 文 文 文文 义义义 文文文文文 难度 易 难 易 中 易 易 易 中！难易：中中难 细节 0 2 3 2 1 理解题 推理 0 2 1 2 7 1 2 1 判断题 主旨 1 大意题 词句 0:0 1 猜测题 1 英语 [近三年高考命题规律] 语篇体裁 以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文与应用文为辅 包含了新课程标准中全部主题语境（人与自我、人与社会、人与自然），以人与社会 主题语境 主题居多 从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力四个方面对学生的英语学科核心素 题 核心素养 养进行综合考查 包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题，其中以细节理解题 与趋势 设题特点 为主 在充分理解文章主题语境和语篇大意的基础上，根据题干在原文中找到确定正 解题方法 确选项的依据 考生要加强对阅读速度和理解精准度训练，并要重视向长文阅读和名著阅读的 备考建议 方向发展 ☐策略指导握技法 剖析题型掌握方法 阅读理解的四种题型 ★针对不同类型的题目，可采用不 同的理解技巧，多法并举。 细节理解题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 饲句猜测题 ★能力要求： ①理解文中具体信息、主旨和意义； 详读文章寻细节 忠实原文深推理 速读文章寻主题 字斟句酌猜词义 在阅读文章 通过语篇逻 运用略读、扫 结合已有的 ②理解文章的基本结构、作者的意 的同时，从中获 辑关系，研究细 读和跳读等技巧快 常识和经验，根 取某些特定的直 节的暗示，推敲 速阅读，浏览标题 据上下文提供的 图、观点和态度； 接信息或理解特 作者的态度，理 开头和结尾等部分 信息，顺藤摸瓜 定信息的意义 解文章寓意，从 搜寻关健词和主题 寻求词句在特定 学会抓文章中的 ③做出简单判断和推理； 而对整篇文章进 句，掌握文章大意 语境中要表达的 关键词句 行推理和判断 具体含义 ④根据上下文推断词汇的含义等。 真题引领悟考法 感悟真题考场夺冠 ●[典例呈现] (2026·全国二卷阅读C) The idea of sea level as a reference point The peak of Mount Qomolangma, for elevations has by now been around for so 8,849 meters above sea level.Chimborazo, long as to go essentially unnoticed-we men- 6,263 m;Mont Blanc,4,806 m;Pradidali tion it without even considering what it hut,at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolo- means.That the concept has a history is easi- mites,2,278 m.It is common practice to pro- ly ignored.We tend to forget that sea level is vide the elevation(高度)of a place.Simple a product of technically and culturally deter- readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables.But elevation is neces- mined assumptions.In this book I tell a story sarily relative:only the choice of a reference of these assumptions. point allows us to express numerically the Appropriately,the book took shape dur- height of an object or a location. ing a summer spent between sea and 8 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 mountains.A month after visiting the French 28.What does the author point out at the be Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of ginning of the text? Nice and Menton,I went hiking with friends A.Some mountains are getting higher. in the Pala group.Resting on a pass near the B.Data on wearables are misleading. Pradidali hut,we began discussing the read- C.The concept of elevation is relative. ings offered by our altimeters(测高仪).Why D.The reference point is hard to locate. did they vary ever so slightly from one instru- 29.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? ment to the next?This sense of uncertainty A.How the altimeter was invented. led me to think about the meaning of zero. B.What initiated the author's research. This is how I began my search for the concep- C.Why the digital readings varied. tual history of sea level. D.Where the author spent his holiday. In this book I examine three crucial sta- 30.What does the underlined word“it”refer ges in the history of mean sea level.These to in the last paragraph? A.The book.B.The project. stages mirror the development of human con- C.The issue. D.The development. ceptions of the sea.Since I began thinking 31.What can be the title of the book men- about this project in August 2011,the issue of tioned in the text? sea-level rise and the need to place it histori- A.The Altimeter:A Must-Have cally have only become more urgent:between B.Sea Level:A History then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose C.Meaning of Zero:Nothing or Every- by almost 5 centimeters,about half of the thing overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993. D.Mountains to Seas:Ups and Downs 考场思维 第一步[ 速览全文 本文讲述了作者撰写海平面相关书籍的缘由，并介绍了该书的研究内容，同时指 了解大意 出研究海平面变化在当下有着重要的现实意义。 T28 定位 根据第-段中的“But elevation is necessarily relative:only the choice of 节理解 a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location..”可知，作者开篇指出海拔高度这个概念是相对的。故选C。 T29 定位 第三段讲述了作者和朋友徒步时，发现不同测高仪读数存在细微差异 大意 这份疑惑促使作者开始探究海平面的概念史，即交代了开展此项研究 第二步口 细审题干 的起因。故选B。 定位原文 T30 根据最后一段中的“the issue of sea--level rise and the need to place it 定位 义猪 historically have only become more urgent'”可知，此处it指代前文的 “the issue”,即海平面上升这一问题。故选C。 题 作者在第二段指出海平面是技术和文化建构的产物，并表示“1his T 推理判断题 定位 book Itellastory of these assumptions.”,第四段又提到“In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level..”,由此可推 断，这本书的核心内容是探究海平面的概念发展历史。A、C、D三项均 偏离书籍的主旨，B项最贴合书籍主题。故选B。 第三步 有的放矢 核对答案 通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的信息区间，仔细对比，再次核对答案。 9英语讲解 第一板块核心素养之阅读篇 专题一阅读理解 随堂小测夯基础 1.stands Sonder Lum Hotel stands right across the street from the stadium [析成分]Sonder Lum Hotel地点状语pool [翻译]就在体育场街对面坐落着松德林酒店，该酒店 提供宽敞的客房和全年开放的露天屋顶泳池。 2.]looked at I looked at the wooden bookshelf [析成分]bookshelf并列looked原因状语 [翻译]我意味深长地看着存放着至少三本完整词典 的木质书架，而凯文因为我拒绝用手机查单词，明显不 耐烦地叹了口气。 3.took It took him several attempts to locate the target word [析成分]target word时间状语 [翻译]他翻着厚厚的词典，花了好几次令人祖丧的尝 试才找到那个他几乎记不清拼写的目标单词。 4.]consist of They consist of an electric motor [析成分]an electric motor后置定语energy [翻译]这类装置配有一台电动机，它能收集制动过程 中产生的能量，而传统制动系统会将这部分能量以热能 形式散发。 5.[]were greeted they were greeted with such en- thusiasm [析成分]结果状语时间定语the10 families [翻译]第一次前去探访时，已经定居在此的十户人家 给予了他们十分热情的接待，于是他们决定搬到这里。 6.has been around The idea of sea level as a ref- erence point for elevations has by now been around for so long L析成分]idea插入语go essentially unnoticed [翻译]将海平面作为海拔参照基准的概念由来已久， 早已被人们习以为常、视而不见：我们随口提及它，却从 未深究它的含义。 7.[分析]kept asking he kept asking whether I had memorized every single word [析成分]时间状语宾语伴随后置定语 [翻译]当他瞪大震惊的眼睛一页页翻书时，他不断询 问我是否记住了这本厚重工具书里的每一个单词。 8.]decided,began I decided that I would accu- mulate vocabulary and began marking every vocabulary entry [析成分]宾语定语目的状语 [翻译]我决定尽可能多地积累词汇，并开始用细铅笔 标记每一个我查阅的词条，以此记录我的学习进度。 9.L分析]plants New York City plants tens of thou sands of trees every year 2 讲解册参考答案 册参考答案 [析成分]trees目的宾语 [翻译]为了持续扩大城市绿地面积，纽约市每年种植 数万棵树木，这些树木带来诸多环境效益以及美丽的城 市景观。 10.was ordered,matched The beauty group was ordered to judge and score artwork;the control group matched sketches to clay pieces [析成分]clay artwork主语补足语clay pieces [翻译]审美组被要求对他们看到的每一件黏土艺术 品进行评判和打分，而对照组只需要将草图与展出的 真实黏土作品配对。 第1节细节理解题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现B题型二典例呈现D 题型三典例呈现B题型四典例呈现C 第2节推理判断题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现C题型二典例呈现A 题型三典例呈现 A题型四典例呈现A 第3节主旨大意题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现A题型二典例呈现A 题型三典例呈现B 第4节词句猜测题 题型突破 题型一No.1典例呈现DNo.2典例呈现B No.3典例呈现D 题型二典例呈现C题型三典例呈现C 专题二阅读七选五 探究一依据设空位置定思考方向 微课一 技巧一典例呈现B技巧二典例呈现A 技巧三 典例呈现E 微课二 关系一 典例呈现D关系二典例呈现F 关系三典例呈现 F关系四 典例呈现G 关系五典例呈现B关系六 典例呈现A 关系七典例呈现A 微课三 技巧一典例呈现F技巧二典例呈现C 技巧三典例呈现F 探究二巧用“4技法”妙解细节题 技法一典例呈现F技法二典例呈现E 技法三 典例呈现D技法四典例呈现C 第二板块核心素养之语言运用篇 专题三完形填空 探究一5大方法速判句内层次题 方法一典例呈现D方法二典例呈现C 方法三典例呈现D方法四典例呈现B 方法五典例呈现B 83