内容正文:
英语
探究二4种技巧智取句组层次题
技巧一典例呈现C技巧二典例呈现D
技巧三典例呈现C技巧四典例呈现D
探究三2种思路解决语篇层次题
思路一
典例呈现D思路二典例呈现C
探究四5则防微杜渐,智取拉分题目
防微杜渐一典例呈现C防微杜渐二典例呈现D
防微杜渐三典例呈现B防微杜渐四典例呈现C
防微杜渐五典例呈现D
专题四
语法填空
典例呈现有提示词类
56.to be held 57.frequency 59.were 60.necessities
62.Drawn 64.heading 65.cheaper
无提示词类
58.the 61.for 63.that/which
探究一“有提示词类”解题攻略
第一讲提示词为动词
第1节根据句子成分判定作谓语
No.l典例呈现has produced
No.2典例呈现
[一看]确定时态的4依据时间状语标志词
l.had forgotten[考查时态。句意:他忘了带钱包。for
get在句中作谓语动词,结合上文“my dad reached for his
wallet and froze”可知,“忘记带钱包”发生在掏钱包之
前,表过去的过去,用过去完成时,填had forgotten。]
2.left[考查时态。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会
的一份报告,去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,
这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last
year”可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“leave'”
的过去式是“left”。故填left。]
3.was built[考查时态和语态。句意:…两年后,一座六
米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅
十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语
动词,根据时间状语“Two years later'”可知,本句时态为一般
过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion'”,单数,和动词
“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。]
4.have started[考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年,一
些超市开始出售包装设计为两半,分别装一份的鸡肉或沙
拉。根据“Over the last two years'”可知,此处应用现在完成
时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。]
并列关系
l.stepped[考查时态。句意:意想不到的是,一名男子走
上前,把他的卡递给收银员说:“我来帮忙付吧。”此空与
handed和said由and连接,作并列谓语,三个动作表顺
承关系,都发生在过去,要用一般过去时,step的过去式
是stepped]
2.became[分析句子结构可知,not only与but also连接
的是两个并列谓语,not only后用了一般过去时(did),
but also后也应该使用一般过去时。故填became。]
主从时态呼应
l.improved[分析句子结构可知,此处that引导宾语从
句,而从句中缺少谓语动词,同时根据主句谓语动词
found和时间状语从句中的introduced可知,此处也应用
一般过去时,故填improved。]
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2.is[says后跟的是宾语从句,主句谓语动词为一般现在
时,从句也是叙述现在的情况,故空格处应用一般现在
时,故填is。
语境暗示
walks[walk sb.through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空
处为本句谓语动词,根据上文stys可知,本句时态为一
般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词
应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。]
[二看]确定语态的2策略依据逻辑关系
l.are designed[考查动词语态。句意:大学的设计遵循
法国古典悲剧的三大要素:时间、行动与地,点。主语ui
versities和谓语design是被动关系,描述客观现状,用一
般现在时被动语态,be动词用are。]
2.be offered[动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关
系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could
后动词应用原形。故填be offered。」
3.is viewed/has been viewed[描述人们普遍认知的事情
用一般现在时;此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在
的认知,故也可使用现在完成时;动词-ig形式作主语,
故谓语动词使用第三人称单数:主语与谓语之间存在被
动关系,故填is viewed/,has been viewed。]
主动表被动
1.washes[分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,且表示的
是主语所具有的特征,应考虑用主动形式表示被动意
义。故填washes.]
2.have taken Ltake place没有被动语态,Great changes为
复数,由in the past ten years确定应该用现在完成时,故
填have taken。]
[三看]主谓一致的3原则就近一致
l,are[there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近
一致”原则,即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致,后面
的中心词是activities,应用复数形式,描述一般事实用一
般现在时,故填are。
2.am[根据句中的时间状语At present可知,应用一般
现在时;neither.·.nor.,.连接并列主语时,谓语动词的
数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定,故填am。]
就远一致
l.have been updated[根据时间状语in the past few years可
知,应用现在完成时:分析句子结构可知,句子主语Four
classical plays为复数名词,且和update之间为被动关系,故
填have been updated。」
2.has given[句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐
队成员们已经进行了十场演出。along with连接两个并列
作主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语(The musician)保持一致,
根据时间状语in the last three months,可知谓语动词应该用
现在完成时,故填has given。]
语法一致
1.were[考查动词时态与主谓一致。根据句意可知,时
间状语“at that time”指代前文所述古代时期,因此,空格
所在句的句子时态为一般过去时;句子主语“transporta
tion and communication'”是由and连接的两个并列不可
数名词,主语为复数,故填were。]英语
思路二
利用文章发展脉络解题
[典例呈现]
(2024·新课标I卷)
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks'achieve-
[点拨]
行文脉络:
ments all my life.
Paragraph 1:作者讲述了在
When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 41.won a marathon
race.Feeling motivated,I started running 42.regularly,but then two
生活中,他人的成就对作
things happened.First,a girl I met one day told me she was 43.training
者的激励作用以及消极
for a "super,"referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then,the next
作用。
day I went on my longest run-15 miles.To be honest,I 44.hated it!
Paragraph2:作者曾经受
Between the girl making my 45.achievement seem small and the pure
朋友赢得马拉松比赛的激
boredom of jogging,I decided that the only 46.reason I'd ever run again
励而开始跑步,但后来因
is if a big dog was running after me!
遇到更厉害的跑步者和感
SoI47.turned to cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot..I受到跑步的无聊而放弃。
48.dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my Paragraph3:后来作者转
sister.While she was at work one day,I 49.borrowed her bike and went
而骑自行车,但因爬坡的
for a ride.The 50.problem:The roads there went through large valleys
困难和被人超过的打击而
where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such
放弃。
51.challenges.That day,I got 52.passed by about 100 "local"bikers
Paragraph4:最终,作者意
who were used to such roads.When I got back home,suddenly riding my
识到目标应针对自身
bike didn't seem quite as 53.appealing.
而设。
I've 54.matured a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever
自主解答:
55 I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
55.A.limits
B.dates
C.goals
D.tests
探究四5则防微杜渐,智取拉分题目
高考具有选拔人才的功能,因此每篇完形填空中总有2~3道较难的题目成为学生取得
高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点:①解题信息比较隐蔽;②干
扰项迷惑性较强;③文中人物的情感态度较难把握;④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目,学生
除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外,还应提升思维品质和推理能力,本讲总结了解答完形填
空的五大易错点,旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成,要三思而后决断。
I防微杜渐一☑
因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要
求学生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理判断,从而
作出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则:不急于解答,读完全文后综合考虑再作
判定。
46
[第二板块]
核心素养之语言运用篇
[典例呈现](2026·浙江1月卷)
Ursula has always called the beautiful small town of Beaverton her home.
Al
[点拨]
本题是
though she'd had childhood 21.dreams of exploring the world and studied interna-
语篇层次题,此
tional business with a desire to pursue a 22.career in Toronto,finding a job proved
类题目需要综合
more 23.difficult than she'd expected.
全篇来找线索,
"I decided that if nobody was going to 24.hire me,I would just create a job for
myself,"says Ursula.She was born and raised on a large family farm,so the 25.idea of
仅凭题目所在句
an agriculture tourism business came naturally to her and began to 26.take root.
子易选错答案。
"I 27.proposed the plan to my family,and asked if they could rent me a small 10
根
据前文
acres ()They 28.refused at first,unwilling to take a risk,but I finally
29.managed to get the green light,"she says.
“breathe in the
Four years later,those beautiful 10 acres of fields had turned into 20 acres filled
fresh air,gain a
with over 400,000 sunflowers."30.Admittedly,I had little confidence in the begin-
newfound”以及
ning,says Ursula,"but the Sunflower Farm rose to fame and has become one of
语境可知,游客
the most sought-after 31.destinations in the province."
在农场体验后,
While many visitors have never been to a farm at all,32.let alone a sunflower
farm,the unique setting allows them to 33.leave the city for a while,breathe in the
会对农业产生新
fresh air,gain a newfound 34 for agriculture,and maybe even 35.reconnect
的认识和欣赏。
with their farming roots and what they may have taken for granted for too long.
自主解答:
34.A.demand
B.support
C.appreciation
D.excuse
防微杜渐二■
因不能正确区分形近词或近义词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词让学生辨析,因为词形相近或意义相近,无形
中增加了难度,如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
[典例呈现]
(2025·全国一卷)
[点拨]四个选项是由动词转化而来的形容词,且都以“-d”
结尾,形式相近,容易混淆。“confused'”意为“困惑的”,“inter-
In an instant,a woman raced into
ested'”是“感兴趣的”,“disappointed”表示“失望的”,“encour-
my
house and left happily with the
aged”指“受到鼓舞的”。考生需要根据上下文语境来判断正
vase.
确答案,如果不能准确理解语境或区分这几个形近词的含义,
49 I posted more
就容易选错。根据上文“In an instant,a woman raced into my
49.A.Confused
B.Interested
house and left happily with the vase..”以及作者后文持续发帖
的行为,可推知,此处指作者受到鼓舞。
C.Disappointed
D.Encouraged
自主解答:
防微杜渐三
因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上,命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项,从而造成错
选。对于这些词汇,学生在平时必须高度重视,背熟记熟。
[典例呈现](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
[点拨]根据上文“During my first visit to Italy'”和下文
During my first visit to Italy,I 42
中的“But every time I tried to string a sentence of Italian
to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But
together,the locals smiled at me and praised my lan-
every time I tried to 43.string a sentence of Ital-
guage skills..”可推知,此处指作者第一次到意大利,语言
不通,应该是很难沟通交流。plan to do sth.“计划做某
ian together,the locals smiled at me and
事”;struggle to do sth.“艰难地做某事,努力做某事”;
44.praised my language skills.
refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”;happen to do sth.“碰巧
42.A.planned
B.struggled
做某事”。
C.refused
D.happened
自主解答:
47
英语
防微杜渐四
因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中,对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是学生容易
失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维障碍,造成了不应有的失分。下
面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇
“陷阱”。
[典例呈现](2025·北京卷)
[点拨]“desire to stand out'”是常见搭配,意
At 15,I excelled academically yet felt overshad-
为“渴望脱颖而出”,符合青少年心理。若考
owed and unnoticed.The 1 to stand out consumed生不熟悉“desire”表示“渴望”这一含义,或不
me,pushing me towards a regrettable decision.
能准确理解“stand out'”(脱颖而出),就可能
1.A.promise
B.competition
错选。
C.desire
D.hesitation
自主解答:
防微杜渐五
因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如我们的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能让学生形成一些思维
定式。这些思维定式往往导致我们作出错误的选择。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两
种情况:
1.学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思,而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例:不能用suc
ceed to do sth.表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。
2.学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例:学习wait for后,有些学生在遇到wait后面接
介词时,就选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light..”中不用for。解题时要
注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系,整句理解和整段把握。
[典例呈现](2025·全国一卷)
[点拨]
部分考生可能会误选C.cottage,
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were
这是因为惯性思维认为它与apartment属于
busy emptying out the beloved home our family had spent 23
同类,都和居住场所有关,却忽略了下文“1
years filling up.We had decided on key items for the 42
sit in my apartment today”的暗示,以及cot
we were moving to in town,...
tage指“小屋、村舍,小别墅”,与apartment
。。
“公寓”的词义差别。
I sit in my apartment today,...
自主解答:
42.A.hotel
B.office
C.cottage
D.apartment
©温馨提污
学习至此,请完成配套课时作业16~20
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