内容正文:
英语
第4节
词句猜测题
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单
词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新意,还可
以是对代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外,阅读文章时,常常也会遇到一些过去未
见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
题型剖析
词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇上下文等理解生词的能力。
主要通过以下两点进行考查:
1.要求根据阅读材料,结合学生应用的常识和经验判断生词、词组或熟词在特定语境中的含义以
及一些句子的意思;
2.代词指代题也是词义猜测题的常考类型。
题型突破
题型一
词义猜测题一3种技法
词句猜测题是一种阅读技巧和能力,主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定
的某一个单词或词组的能力,而这些单词或词组往往都超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中却起着一
定的作用。由此看来,猜测词义能力的高低,直接影响着阅读理解得分的高低,对能否取得好的
高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。
●[No.1]利用逻辑关系猜测词义
阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的,根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。
对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。解题技法如:
反义
根据划线词的反
表转折:but,however,otherwise,though,even though
关系
义词猜测词义
表对比:unlike.,in contrast,while,on the contrary,on the other hand,
rather than,instead of
根据划线词的相
同义
表类同:similarly,like,or,namely,in other words,that is to say,just as,
同或相近意义的
关系
and,also,as well as,the same as,as...as...
词语猜测词义
因果
根据前后因果关
表原因:because,since,because of,due to,thanks to,for,as a result of
关系
系猜测词义
表结果:so,therefore,.so that,so/such..that.,lead to/result in/,contribute
to,as a result
22
[第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇
典例呈现
解题技法
(2026·浙江首考卷阅读C)When it came to faking a review,
根据第四段中的“A lengthy,
length was important to believability,as was detail.A long,nega-
positive review,on the other
tive review of a hotel,complete with lots of information,tended to
hand,was regarded as suspi-
convince participants.A lengthy,positive review,on the other
cious,and participants tended
to trust writers that kept their
hand,was regarded as suspicious,and participants tended to trust
glowing reviews short.
writers that kept their glowing reviews short.Emotion was also im-方面,冗长的好评被认为是可
portant in convincing readers一or the lack of emotion,at least.疑的,受试者往往更信任那些
Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the保持glowing评论简短的作
writers expressed their feelings in a big way.The more dispassionate
者。)”可知,此处“glowing re-
that negative write-up,the more likely it was to take the reader in.
views”与前文“positive review
29.What does the underlined word "glowing"in Paragraph 4
(好评)”构成同义指代,由此猜
测glowing意为“赞美的、表扬
mean?
的”。
A.Funny.
B.Abusive.C.Insightful.D.Praising.
自主解答:
●[No.2]利用语法关系猜测词义
在做阅读理解题目时,利用语法关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。解题技法如:
下定义:be,mean,refer to,be called/named,namely,that is,be considered等词语后面的内
容是对前面的注解性说明,相当于对前面的词语下定义
同位语(从句):同位语(从句)是对其前内容的解释说明,也可以帮助猜测词义
定语从句:尤其注意which/.who后的非限制性定语从句:
法关系
举例:for example,for instance,such as,like,include,including等后的内容也有助于猜测
标点符号:注意破折号、冒号、分号后的内容;注意引号或括号中的内容
典例呈现
解题技法
(2024·北京卷阅读C)The18th-century philosopher Kant ar--
根据第二段“If empirical(实证
gued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves
experience fails to reveal re-
that are unknowable.While he held the notion that objective reality
ality,reasoning won't reveal real-
exists,he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and
shaping our perceptions.Modern sciences have revealed that our
ity either since it relies on con-
perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of cepts and words that are contin-
processing by sensory systems and cognitive(认知的)functions in
gent on our social,cultural and
the brain.No one knows exactly what happens within this black
psychological histories..”可知,句
box.If empirical(实证的)experience fails to reveal reality,reason-
ing won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words
中that引导限制性定语从句,指
that are contingent on our social,cultural and psychological histo-
代先行词concepts and words,.且
ries.Again,a black box.
结合常识,概念和词语取决于我
29.What does the phrase "contingent on"underlined in Paragraph 2
probably mean?
们的社会、文化和心理历史,推
A.Accepted by.
B.Determined by.
测划线短语表示“取决于”。
C.Awakened by.
D.Discovered by.
自主解答:
23
英语
●[No.3]利用构词法关系猜测词义
利用构词法不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义,然后再结合语境猜测,这样事半功倍,而且具
有双重保险,大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以建议考生在做题时可以利用构词法的,一定先
利用构词法,再结合语境解题。解题技法如:
否定前缀或后缀,与原单词构成反义词,如dis,un,im-,less
派
后缀改变词性不改变词义,如deliver→delivery
法
前缀co表示“共同”:re表示“又,再”;trans-表示“转移”
法
合
依据合成词组成新词,结合语境猜测词义,如blackboard
法
形容词转化为动词
化
种词性用作另一
种词性而词形不变
动词转化为名词
名词转化为动词
典例呈现
解题技法
(新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)I decided to think up a method of dealing
with forbidden fruit.
根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后
缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做
某事的人或物”;offend为动词,
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring,
意为“违反;冒犯”。所以offender
and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the
有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合
things I had in it..ThenIwould trytoremember the different pos:上文中出現的forbidden fruit以
sessions I supposedly had taken away-since I seldom actually kept
them.Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I
及下文提到的return the belong
ing可推断,划线词所在句表示,
would return the belonging.
通常the offender会在放学的时
25.What do the underlined words "the offender"in Paragraph 8 refer to?
候过来,作者就会把东西归还给
A.The student's parent.
他/她。因此,the offender就是
B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
携带违禁物品的人。
C.The author's grandchild.
自主解答:
D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
题型二
代词指代题
就近原则法
代词指代题常出现在人物或事
第一步明确
代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词
物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,
代词所指代内
所指代的内容在这一句的前一句
考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不
容的位置
中,或者前几句中
定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有
时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的
it/this/that可指代一件事
指代内容。
就
it/he/them/they/one/those指上文
第二步:熟悉
提到的人或物
◆[设问方式]
代词的含义
which./that/who等关系代词指代所
1.What does the underlined word
“this/it/them/which..”refer to?
法
修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中
which指代前面整句话的内容
2.The underlined part"it/that/they/
which..."in Paragraph...refers
1.用所找的指代内容替换划线代词,
to“
99
第三步:替换
核实句意是否合理通顺
解此类试题常用“就近原则法”
核实再比较
2.比较所指代部分与选项,确定意思
巧判断。解题技法如:
最接近的选项
24
[第一板块]
核心素养之阅读篇
典例呈现
解题技法
(2026·全国二卷阅读C)In this book I examine three crucial stages in
根据最后一段中的
the history of mean sea level.These stages mirror the development of human
"the issue of sea-level
conceptions of the sea.Since I began thinking about this project in August
rise and the need to
2011,the issue of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only
place it historically
become more urgent:between then and the end of 2022 the global sea rose by
have
only
become
almost 5 centimeters,about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since
more urgent'”可知,此
1993.
处it指代前文的“the
30.What does the underlined word "it"refer to in the last paragraph?
issue'”,即海平面上升
A.The book.
B.The project.
这一问题。
C.The issue.
D.The development.
自主解答:
题型三
句意猜测题
意义吻合法
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本
找到该句,对原句进行语法和逻辑
意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确
关系的准确分析。对需要推理的句
理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。
返回
意理解,首先要理解句子前后的语
◆[设问方式]
原文
境,其次对此句在文章中的意思进
1.What does the underlined sentence in Par-
行合理的推断,最后再归纳总结
agraph...mean?
2.Which of the following best explains the
合
underlined sentence in Paragraph...?
找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项,
一
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合
归纳
般来说,正确选项的意思与原句
总结
的意思完全相同,只是用其他的英
适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。解此类
语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思
试题常用“意义吻合法”。解题技法如:
典例呈现
解题技法
(浙江卷·B)Money with no strings attached.It's not something
you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a
本题利用意义吻合法解题:
board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that
根据第一段中的Give What
read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”
You Can,Take What You
24.What does the expression "money with no strings attached"in Para-
Need(尽你所能,取你所需)可
graph 1 mean?
知,此处money with no strings
A.Money spent without hesitation.
attached的意思应该是“无条
B.Money not legally made.
件提供钱”。
C.Money offered without conditions.
自主解答:
D.Money not tied together.
⊙温馨提弱
学习至此,请完成配套课时作业8~9
25英语讲解
第一板块核心素养之阅读篇
专题一阅读理解
随堂小测夯基础
1.stands Sonder Lum Hotel stands right across
the street from the stadium
[析成分]Sonder Lum Hotel地点状语pool
[翻译]就在体育场街对面坐落着松德林酒店,该酒店
提供宽敞的客房和全年开放的露天屋顶泳池。
2.]looked at I looked at the wooden bookshelf
[析成分]bookshelf并列looked原因状语
[翻译]我意味深长地看着存放着至少三本完整词典
的木质书架,而凯文因为我拒绝用手机查单词,明显不
耐烦地叹了口气。
3.took It took him several attempts to locate the
target word
[析成分]target word时间状语
[翻译]他翻着厚厚的词典,花了好几次令人祖丧的尝
试才找到那个他几乎记不清拼写的目标单词。
4.]consist of They consist of an electric motor
[析成分]an electric motor后置定语energy
[翻译]这类装置配有一台电动机,它能收集制动过程
中产生的能量,而传统制动系统会将这部分能量以热能
形式散发。
5.[]were greeted they were greeted with such en-
thusiasm
[析成分]结果状语时间定语the10 families
[翻译]第一次前去探访时,已经定居在此的十户人家
给予了他们十分热情的接待,于是他们决定搬到这里。
6.has been around The idea of sea level as a ref-
erence point for elevations has by now been around for so
long
L析成分]idea插入语go essentially unnoticed
[翻译]将海平面作为海拔参照基准的概念由来已久,
早已被人们习以为常、视而不见:我们随口提及它,却从
未深究它的含义。
7.[分析]kept asking he kept asking whether I had
memorized every single word
[析成分]时间状语宾语伴随后置定语
[翻译]当他瞪大震惊的眼睛一页页翻书时,他不断询
问我是否记住了这本厚重工具书里的每一个单词。
8.]decided,began I decided that I would accu-
mulate vocabulary and began marking every
vocabulary entry
[析成分]宾语定语目的状语
[翻译]我决定尽可能多地积累词汇,并开始用细铅笔
标记每一个我查阅的词条,以此记录我的学习进度。
9.L分析]plants New York City plants tens of thou
sands of trees every year
2
讲解册参考答案
册参考答案
[析成分]trees目的宾语
[翻译]为了持续扩大城市绿地面积,纽约市每年种植
数万棵树木,这些树木带来诸多环境效益以及美丽的城
市景观。
10.was ordered,matched The beauty group was
ordered to judge and score artwork;the control group
matched sketches to clay pieces
[析成分]clay artwork主语补足语clay pieces
[翻译]审美组被要求对他们看到的每一件黏土艺术
品进行评判和打分,而对照组只需要将草图与展出的
真实黏土作品配对。
第1节细节理解题
题型突破
题型一典例呈现B题型二典例呈现D
题型三典例呈现B题型四典例呈现C
第2节推理判断题
题型突破
题型一典例呈现C题型二典例呈现A
题型三典例呈现
A题型四典例呈现A
第3节主旨大意题
题型突破
题型一典例呈现A题型二典例呈现A
题型三典例呈现B
第4节词句猜测题
题型突破
题型一No.1典例呈现DNo.2典例呈现B
No.3典例呈现D
题型二典例呈现C题型三典例呈现C
专题二阅读七选五
探究一依据设空位置定思考方向
微课一
技巧一典例呈现B技巧二典例呈现A
技巧三
典例呈现E
微课二
关系一
典例呈现D关系二典例呈现F
关系三典例呈现
F关系四
典例呈现G
关系五典例呈现B关系六
典例呈现A
关系七典例呈现A
微课三
技巧一典例呈现F技巧二典例呈现C
技巧三典例呈现F
探究二巧用“4技法”妙解细节题
技法一典例呈现F技法二典例呈现E
技法三
典例呈现D技法四典例呈现C
第二板块核心素养之语言运用篇
专题三完形填空
探究一5大方法速判句内层次题
方法一典例呈现D方法二典例呈现C
方法三典例呈现D方法四典例呈现B
方法五典例呈现B
83