第3节 主旨大意题-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案学生用书

英语 题型四 文章出处题/写作对象题一体裁内容法 ①时事性比较强，有通迅社名称newspaper 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识， ②新产品/新影片/演出介绍→advertisement 能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出 ③文章中有click here/website等网络用语website 处或类别。写作对象题要求考生根据短文内 ④旅游景点方面的介绍travel guide 容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。解此 ⑤生活的各个层面（时间，名人或娱乐等方面的介绍）】 更加贴近幕后的一些东西→magazine 类试题常用“体裁内容法”。解题技法如： ⑥活动介绍notice/announcement 典例呈现 解题技法 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·C篇)Reading Art:Art for Book [第一步] 锁定题干关键词：the text Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object-the book,re- most probably taken from presented here in almost three hundred artworks from muse- [第二步]查找定位到原文：根据第一 ums around the world... In this "book of books,"artworks are selected and ar- 段的第一句Reading Art:Art for Book ranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between Lovers is a celebration of an everyday different eras and cultures... object-the book,represented here in ，。 almost three hundred artworks from muse- ..From a 21st-century point of view,the printed book is certainly ancient,but it remains as interactive as any bat- ums around the world.第二段的第一句In tery-powered e-reader... this“book of books,”..以及第四段的 28.Where is the text most probably taken from? the printed book is..可知，文中描述了 A.An introduction to a book. 这本书的主题和内容，很有可能是一本 B.An essay on the art of writing. 书的序言或者简介。 C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings. 自主解答： C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套课时作业3~5 第3节主旨大意题 主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能 力，也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要 从文章中提炼、提取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此，遇 到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断，建议学生将此类题目放 在最后来做。 16 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 题型剖析 熟知题型特点与设问方式 明了主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰选项的特征 1.主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的 前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较 正 2.确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 题 为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题归纳 选 3.精确性强，不会改变原文语言表意的程度及 题和文章大意题。 项 读 2.标题归纳题要求学生选出文章的最佳标 征 感情色彩。 题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或 4.含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 段落的主旨大意。 1.把握主旨大意题常见的设问方式 以偏 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个 What is the best title for the text? 概全 方面 What is the passage mainly about? Which of the following is the best title for 主题 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际所 题 the passage? 扰 过大 论的内容 特 Which is the most suitable title for the 选 项 text?What is the first paragraph mainly 特 断章 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要 征 about? 取义 观点 2.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度 (1)标题归纳题、文章大意题； 无中 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖 (2)段落大意题。 生有 题型突破 题型一 标题归纳题 标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章 的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感情色彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文 内容并提炼文章主旨。 理解标题的3大特点 巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个 概括性 准确而又简短 选项能准确概括主旨； 2.反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它 好标题的 标题外延正好与文 精准性 们作标题写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和 3大特点 章内容相符 原文对照，一一排除不符选项； 概括全文内容并 3.研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰 覆盖性 提炼文章主旨 词的变化、结构、概括性等，排除过于具体化、细节 化、绝对化的选项。 17 英语 典例呈现 解题技法 (2025·浙江1月卷阅读C)A novel design approach to [第一步] 读文章，理清结构 gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred 引入话题：矩阵 to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot Para.1 more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the 式花园 designing.Eschewing fertilizers()and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like na- 矩阵式种植的 ture does. Para.2 起源，种植方法 The concept was born when German city planners sought 以及优势 to plant large areas of parkland after World War lI in a repro- ducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners 矩阵式种植的 created planting mixes that could be used modularly(模块化). Para.3 推广和流行及 In a matrix garden,plants with similar cultural needs are 其艺术价值 grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground,forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water 矩阵式种植设 Para.4 and discourages weeds. 计的科学性 Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popu- larized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes 矩阵式种植省 while playing with color and form,including four-season inter- Para.5 时省力及其环 est and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round, 保理念 they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail,from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed [第二步] 析选项，斟酌判断 heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix 园艺的未 涵盖性强， gardens appear wild,they are carefully planned,with cultural 来是回归 覆盖全文 needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of "right 自然习性 plant,right place",they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions,and arrange them according to 大自然对所 移花接木， their patterns of growth. B 有的生命 The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and 偷换概念 视同仁 planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should 矩阵式花 not need the life support we give most gardens:fertilizer,di- 移花接木， 园需要更 viding,regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots, 偷换概念 多关爱 they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 31.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? 老花园也能 无中生有， A.The future of gardening is WILD 创造奇迹 生搬硬套 B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE [第三步] 对比选项得出答案 D.Old garden plots work WONDERS 自主解答： 18 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 题型二 文章大意题 文章大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过 行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。掌握寻找文章主题的3个小技巧，可以快速确定文章 大意。 解答文章大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法： 1.根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句 新闻报道类文章首句是主题句： 主题句是文章首句 首句语言精练，中间段说明论证，尾段与首句呼应 主题句在文末→夹叙夹议类文章文末的议论部分隐含主题句 主题句在段中→首段举例或谈论个别现象时，主题句则在后面的段落出现 主题 句法 最后观点为主题句→文章中出现两种或两种以上的观点时，最后出现的观点为主题句 2.根据行文标志来定位主题句 段落中出现表示转折的词语，如but、however、in fact、actually等，转折词后的句子很 转折词 可能是主题句 表示总结或结论的词语，如therefore、thus、in short、conclude等，总结词后的内容往 总结词 往是文章的主题句 疑问句 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题句 若全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中出现的高频词找出文章主题句。任何一篇文章 高频 都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即 词法 高频词，也叫作主题词。抓住它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 逆向 在两个选项看上去都十分正确且无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写 思维 文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容相比较，接近的即为正确选项 法 19 英语 典例呈现 解题技法 (2025·北京卷阅读D)The call to“know yourself”has 第一步] 读文章，理清结构 been there since ancient times,but our sense of self doesn't al- 提出观点：讲述自己的 ways match what others perceive.Considering the stories we Para. tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. 故事更好地调整认知 For many years,psychologists saw identity as a combina- tion of someone's values,beliefs,goals and social roles.Then, 理论背景：Bob Johnson Para.2 in the 1980s,Bob Johnson created the life story model of identi- 的“身份故事模型” ty,in which he proposes that,as we go through life,these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal sto- 发展过程与影响：拥有 ry through which we understand our lives. Our life story is something that starts coming together in Para.3 连贯个人故事的人往往 our teenage years,when we begin to organise our lives into 具有更强的身份认同感 chapters around key events or life changes,and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and,to a varying ex- 研究发现：幸福感与某 tent,the story's author.People with more consistent stories Para.4 tend to have a stronger sense of identity,and they feel their life 些故事主题的关联 has more meaning,direction and sense of purpose.Such people show greater overall life satisfaction,too. 研究警示：西方文化过 Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being Para.5 度推崇“救赎式故事”， and certain story themes.He discovered that whether someone 反而造成额外压力 describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health.Another key 行动建议：翻开新篇章， theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after Para.6 stressful events."People could talk about gaining knowledge or 启动新的自我故事 personal growth,"says Johnson.His research shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions.The [第二步] 析选项，斟酌判断 good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story. 自我认同是 涵盖性强， Lisa Green,another researcher,sounds a few notes of 如何运作的 覆盖全文 caution ()For instance,hearing about the power of re- demptive(拯救性的)stories,.many people may feel forced to 故事讲述者 find a positive angle on horrible events.She says that Western 移花接木， culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining be- B 是如何炼 偷换概念 hind every cloud. 成的 If you want to turn over a new leaf,though,one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals the start of 个人故事如 生搬硬套 a new "chapter".Contrary to popular doubt,resolutions made 何引发怀疑 无中生有 on 1 January are more effective for this reason.So,whether your goal is saving money or getting fit,there is no better time 时机如何影 to become the author of our own destiny(命运). 生搬硬套 34.What is the passage mainly about? D 响个人身份 无中生有 A.How self-identity works. 认同 B.How story-tellers are made. C.How personal stories raise doubts. [第三步] 对比选项得出答案 D.How timing affects personal identity. 自主解答： 20 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 题型三 段落大意题 段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的提炼和概括。概括、总结、 归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 定位段落主题句，首尾兼顾定段意 常用写作架构 总分式（总 段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是 每一文段都要围绕一个特定的主 分/总分总) 例子或论证 题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落 段落开头是举例子或层层推进的论 的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特 分总式 述，段尾才是段落主题句 别注意“首尾兼顾”，即问题所涉及段落 的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现 段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得 主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以 分总分式 出结论，这个结论就是段落主题句， 迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断 后面的内容只是拓展该结论 主旨，其准确性更高。 段落虽无主题句，但可以通过一些关 无主题句式 键词或相似结构归纳出段落主题句 典例呈现 解题技法 (2026·全国二卷阅读C)Appropriately,the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains.A month after visiting the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton,I went hiking 第三段讲述了作者和朋 with friends in the Pala group.Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut,we 友徒步时，发现不同测 began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters().Why did 高仪读数存在细微差 they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next?This sense of un- 异，这份疑惑促使作者 certainty led me to think about the meaning of zero.This is how I began my 开始探究海平面的概念 search for the conceptual history of sea level. 史，即交代了开展此项 29.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.How the altimeter was invented. 研究的起因。 B.What initiated the author's research. 自主解答： C.Why the digital readings varied. D.Where the author spent his holiday. C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套课时作业6一7 21英语讲解 第一板块核心素养之阅读篇 专题一阅读理解 随堂小测夯基础 1.stands Sonder Lum Hotel stands right across the street from the stadium [析成分]Sonder Lum Hotel地点状语pool [翻译]就在体育场街对面坐落着松德林酒店，该酒店 提供宽敞的客房和全年开放的露天屋顶泳池。 2.]looked at I looked at the wooden bookshelf [析成分]bookshelf并列looked原因状语 [翻译]我意味深长地看着存放着至少三本完整词典 的木质书架，而凯文因为我拒绝用手机查单词，明显不 耐烦地叹了口气。 3.took It took him several attempts to locate the target word [析成分]target word时间状语 [翻译]他翻着厚厚的词典，花了好几次令人祖丧的尝 试才找到那个他几乎记不清拼写的目标单词。 4.]consist of They consist of an electric motor [析成分]an electric motor后置定语energy [翻译]这类装置配有一台电动机，它能收集制动过程 中产生的能量，而传统制动系统会将这部分能量以热能 形式散发。 5.[]were greeted they were greeted with such en- thusiasm [析成分]结果状语时间定语the10 families [翻译]第一次前去探访时，已经定居在此的十户人家 给予了他们十分热情的接待，于是他们决定搬到这里。 6.has been around The idea of sea level as a ref- erence point for elevations has by now been around for so long L析成分]idea插入语go essentially unnoticed [翻译]将海平面作为海拔参照基准的概念由来已久， 早已被人们习以为常、视而不见：我们随口提及它，却从 未深究它的含义。 7.[分析]kept asking he kept asking whether I had memorized every single word [析成分]时间状语宾语伴随后置定语 [翻译]当他瞪大震惊的眼睛一页页翻书时，他不断询 问我是否记住了这本厚重工具书里的每一个单词。 8.]decided,began I decided that I would accu- mulate vocabulary and began marking every vocabulary entry [析成分]宾语定语目的状语 [翻译]我决定尽可能多地积累词汇，并开始用细铅笔 标记每一个我查阅的词条，以此记录我的学习进度。 9.L分析]plants New York City plants tens of thou sands of trees every year 2 讲解册参考答案 册参考答案 [析成分]trees目的宾语 [翻译]为了持续扩大城市绿地面积，纽约市每年种植 数万棵树木，这些树木带来诸多环境效益以及美丽的城 市景观。 10.was ordered,matched The beauty group was ordered to judge and score artwork;the control group matched sketches to clay pieces [析成分]clay artwork主语补足语clay pieces [翻译]审美组被要求对他们看到的每一件黏土艺术 品进行评判和打分，而对照组只需要将草图与展出的 真实黏土作品配对。 第1节细节理解题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现B题型二典例呈现D 题型三典例呈现B题型四典例呈现C 第2节推理判断题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现C题型二典例呈现A 题型三典例呈现 A题型四典例呈现A 第3节主旨大意题 题型突破 题型一典例呈现A题型二典例呈现A 题型三典例呈现B 第4节词句猜测题 题型突破 题型一No.1典例呈现DNo.2典例呈现B No.3典例呈现D 题型二典例呈现C题型三典例呈现C 专题二阅读七选五 探究一依据设空位置定思考方向 微课一 技巧一典例呈现B技巧二典例呈现A 技巧三 典例呈现E 微课二 关系一 典例呈现D关系二典例呈现F 关系三典例呈现 F关系四 典例呈现G 关系五典例呈现B关系六 典例呈现A 关系七典例呈现A 微课三 技巧一典例呈现F技巧二典例呈现C 技巧三典例呈现F 探究二巧用“4技法”妙解细节题 技法一典例呈现F技法二典例呈现E 技法三 典例呈现D技法四典例呈现C 第二板块核心素养之语言运用篇 专题三完形填空 探究一5大方法速判句内层次题 方法一典例呈现D方法二典例呈现C 方法三典例呈现D方法四典例呈现B 方法五典例呈现B 83