课时作业9 词句猜测题(2)-【创新教程】2027年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案课时作业

课时作业9i A(说明文) When Martin Roth began his career as a forest ranger in the 1980s,his job was to care for the forest in a way that would ensure con- tinuity for decades,even centuries.Now, with climate change,it's more about planning for an uncertain future."It's turned into dis- aster management,"says Roth,for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany double as testing ground for high-tech solutions, earning him the title "digitalforster",which refers to a ranger expert in employing high- tech tools.That was widely celebrated in the German forestry community. After a disastrous storm,the clock starts ticking:Damaged trees need to be removed before the arrival of bark beetles,which mul- tiply in dead trees and can go on to destroy entire forests.While it used to take Roth two and a half hours to cover an acre of forest on foot,drones(无人机)now let him monitor and survey the entire 3,000 acres in a matter of days,so he can quickly locate damaged trees,identify and inform the owners of af- fected plots,and send information to workers on the ground. It takes forest soil decades to recover after being compacted(压实)by heavy logging equip- ment.That's why Roth has digitally mapped all the logging paths and equipped tree harvesters with satellite so the machines can easily follow the same route for decades and easily find them in the cha- otic aftermath of a storm.GPS data is used to re- cord how much wood was taken from which loca- tion-a crucial upgrade in a forest with many dif- ferent owners. Now up to half of European tree species are unsuited to rising temperatures and ex- tended drought periods,so Roth has begun experimenting with new species,planting them in small groups and keeping track of them in his system.With a forest in flux(不断 变化)，there are dozens of areas that need in terventions at different times,and there are not enough employees to keep it all straight, he says:"Either I know it,or the computer knows it,or no one knows it and it's lost. 2: 司句猜测题(2) l.What does the underlined“That”refer to in Paragraph 1? A.The solution. B.The tool. C.The monitor. D.The title. 2.What does Paragraph 2 highlight about technology in forestry? A.Its speed and precision. B.Its operating principles. C.Its considerable expenses. D.Its limitations in application. 3.What does Roth emphasize in the last para- graph? A.The challenges of planting new tree spe- cies. B.The impact of climate change on Europe- an forests. C.The need for more employees in forest management. D.The importance of information manage- ment and recording. B(说明文) Wildlife photographer Ingo Arndt discov- ered his first enormous ant mound(蚁丘)asa child exploring the forest with his father near their home almost 50 years ago.They were bird-watching and came around a bend in a thickly wooded area when there it was:a five- foot-tall mound,standing upward like a large stalagmite(石笋).Arndt wanted to investi- gate more closely,but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp,discomforting his nose."All my life,”he says,“I could remember the smell..” Several years later,Arndt moved to the countryside.He continued his fascination with the mounds and their armies of tiny engi- neers.Outfitted with a high-resolution cam- era,he began photographing the mounds and sharing his imagery with researchers for a sci- entific perspective.It turned out the mound makers were indeed special.They were red wood ants -one of the smallest of all so- called keystone species.Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects 9 of the ecosystem that if they disappeared,it would struggle to adapt.Researchers also ex- plained the smell from the mound.As the in- sects build a nest,they generate formic acid (蚁酸)，the origin of the smell,which helps to fight against enemies. But in recent decades,the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging,urbanization,and wildfires,as well as drought and higher tem- peratures that have become more frequent with climate change.This has led several countries across the ants'range,including Germany,to enlist them as a protected spe- cies by law. Today Arndt's photos put on display that as social insects,these small ants not only form complex societies,but they also cohabi- tate with a wide variety of species,creating a mass of coexisting relationships across a vari- ety of plant and animal species.They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed creatures,we are actually protecting our- selves. 4.How was Arndt's first encounter with the ant mound? A.It reminded him of a bad experience. B.It left him an unforgettable memory. C.It aroused his enthusiasm for nature. D.It inspired him to protect the forests. 5.What does the underlined word“it”in Par- agraph 2 refer to? A.The wooded area. B.The mound maker. C.The keystone species. D.The entire ecosystem. 6.What contributed to the decrease in the number of ants? A.Their worsened habitats. B.Their changing behavior. C.Their severe competition. D.Their limited population. 7.What is the text mainly intended to tell us? A.Massive lives exist on earth. B.Tiny species count in nature. C.Social creatures live in groups. D.Little ants are master architects. & C(说明文) It is not easy to become a doctor in the United States.The first step is getting into a medical college.More than one hundred and twenty American schools offer study pro- grams for people wanting to be doctors. People can get advice about medical schools from many resources.One of these is the Princeton Review.The publication pro- vides information about colleges,study pro- grams and jobs. The Princeton Review says the competi- tion to enter medical schools is strong. American medical schools have only about sixteen thousand of openings.But more than thirty-two thousand students may try it.Many of those are women. Most applicants contact more than one medical school.Some contact many.An im- portant part of the application usually is the Medical College Admission Test which is called MCAT.The Association of American Medical Colleges provides the test by comput- er.It is offered in the United States and other countries. The people who want to enter medical schools are rated(评定)on reasoning,physi- cal and biological sciences and an example of writing.Applicants for medical schools need to do well on the MCAT.They also need a good record in their college studies. Some students work for a year or two in a medical or research job before they attempt to enter a medical school. 8.To enter medical schools is A.effortless B.not competitive C.fiercely competitive D.easy 9.Which of the following is NOT true about the Princeton Review? A.It can give us advice about medical schools. B.It is a great resource for people who want to become doctors. C.It can provide us information about study programs. D.It provides the MCAT test. 30 l0.The underlined word“those'”in the third paragraph refers to A.people who want to be doctors B.people who want to enter a medical school C.people who are tested by MCAT D.doctors in the United States 11.What is the main idea of the passage? A.How to be a good doctor in the United States. B.The importance of the Princeton Review. C.How to prepare for the MCAT. D.How to get into a medical school. D(说明文) UK safety advisers have dismissed con- cerns that highly processed food,also known as ultra-processed food (UPF),is automati- cally unhealthy because of the way it is made or its artificial ingredients.The current way that the UK and most other countries assess the nutritional value of foods-which is gen- erally by how much fat,salt,sugar and calo- ries they contain-remains the best approach to achieving a healthy diet,said a team of sci- entists.They also warned that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy,for instance,if they avoid foods such as yogurts,low-fat spreads,wholemeal bread and food made of grains. Concerns about processed foods have been growing,but it is unclear if there is something uniquely bad about them or if they just tend to be higher in things like fat and sugar.The issue has come into focus this year since Chris van Tulleken,a doctor and TV presenter,published a book called Ultra-Pro- cessed People:Why do we all eat stuff that isn't food...and why can't we stop?Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pioneered in Brazil, where people are advised to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals,and avoid eating factory-made foods. On 27 September,researchers from nu- trition organisations rejected the proposed system."We absolutely need foods to be pro- cessed so that we can feed the world,"said May at the University of Leeds,UK,who is 3对 a member of the British Nutrition Founda- tion.May also said UPF includes products that are both healthy and unhealthy."It's im- portant we don't throw the baby out with the bath water here.There are many components that have a very important role to play in nu- trition and in safety,"he said. Benefits of food processing include the use of preservatives that make food last lon- gest and artificial sweeteners that help people reduce their sugar intake,said May.Other examples of processed foods that can be bene- ficial include baby food,infant formula milk and breads with added vitamins and minerals, said the panel. 12.What can be known from Paragraph 1? A.Low-fat spreads are ultra-processed food. B.Wholemeal bread is unhealthy to us. C.Ultra-processed food doesn't contain sugar. D.The nutritional value of food needs to be precisely recorded. 13.What does Chris van Tulleken suggest people do? A.They should avoid ultra-processed food. B.They should not have homemade food. C.They should consume more Brazilian food. D.They should read more books on healthy food. 14.What does May imply by saying the un- derlined sentence in Paragraph 3? A.Kids should raise their awareness of food safety. B.Children are the biggest victims of ul- tra-processed food. C.Ultra-processed food does cause more damage to children. D.Ultra-processed food has both advanta- ges and disadvantages. 15.What can be the best title for the text? A.How Ultra-processed Food Benefits People B.Ultra-processed Food Isn't Always Un- healthy C.A Popular Book Brings Focus on Ultra- processed Food D.What Health Risks Ultra-processed Food Brings to People6.C[词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Sadly,Matsouka'svi sion is impaired and she suffers from bouts of severe fa- cial pain,a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia( 神经痛).Despite this,Matsouka still keeps knitting one scarf a day,with small imperfections.”可知，Despite this 表示前后是转折关系，后面说她每天仍编织围巾但有小 瑕疵，结合她患有三叉神经痛，可推测前面说的是视力 不好，impaired意思应该是“受损的”，与damaged意思 相近。] 7.D[推理判断题。根据第一段中“In her tiny but cozy Athens apartment,a 93-year-old Greek woman whose name is loanna Matsouka has knit thousands of brightly coloured scarves for children in shelters from Greece to Ukraine一and she has no plans to quit just yet."和第四 段中“Sadly,Matsouka's vision is impaired and she suf- fers from bouts of severe facial pain,a condition known as trigeminal neuralgia(三叉神经痛).Despite this,Mat souka still keeps knitting one scarf a day,with small im- perfections.”以及最后一段中“Angeliki describes her mother,who painstakingly knits into the night,as a liv- ing example of resilience and optimism,”可知，Matsouka 为孩子们编织了大量围巾并送给他们，这体现了她的善 良，尽管她视力受损且饱受病痛折磨，但仍然每天坚持 编织围巾，这体现了她的坚持。所以Kind-hearted and persistent.(心地善良且坚持不懈。)最能描述她。] C.「语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了 SpaceX公司的Falcon9火箭成功，介绍了背后所付出的 努力。 8.DL细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Reentry’by Eric Ber ger,the senior space editor at Ars Technica,describes how this was achieved.The ingredients which produced the Falcon 9 were excellent engineers,a new form of government support for spaceflight,a hard-driving cul- ture and an extraordinarily demanding boss.”可知，Reen try一书讲述的是导致猎鹰9号火箭成功的要素。] g.B[细节理解题。根据第三段“By the time it finally reached orbit -on the fourth attempt -SpaceX had burned through almost all the money that Elon Musk, the company's founder,had available.For the company to have a future,it needed some big government con- tracts,and that required a much larger launcher:the Fal- con 9,which required nine of the Merlin engines that powered the Falcon 1 to be joined together.”可知，猎鹰9 号得到了很大的升级。] l0.A[词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“We were out there beating history,but Elon was still'”以及下文“Like eve- rything else we've ever done,it was way slower than Elon wanted.(就像我们做过的其他事情一样，它比埃隆 想要的要慢得多。)”可知，but表示转折关系，说明尽管 猎鹰9号的首次测试发射取得了成功，但马斯克仍然对 他们很生气，因为他们进展得太慢了。故划线词意思是 “生气”。] ll.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr Musk's employees knew that he really cared about making better rockets,and that he was taking big financial risks.But they came to value his insistence on the overall goal of making a rocket that was largely reusable..”可知，马斯克在制造火箭的过程中，尽管面 临巨大的财务风险，但他仍然坚持制造更好的火箭，并致力 于实现火箭的可重复使用。这说明马斯克是一个坚定且执 着的人。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中 国AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeek-R1在教育技 术中的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展方向。 30 练习册参考答案 l2.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional Al models that rely on pre-programmed answers,Deep- Seek-RI uses reinforcement (learning to simulate human reasoning..”可知，DeepSeek-Rl与传统Al模型 的区别在于它使用强化学习来进行推理。] l3.B[词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to in- dividual progress”可知，DeepSeek能够创建个性化的测 验，根据个人的进度调整难度，由此可知，adaptive的意 思接近于adjustable“可调节的”。] l4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR)into its platform,allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments." 可知，展望未来，DeepSeek旨在将其平台与虚拟现实 (VR)相结合，让学生在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史 事件或科学概念，由此可推知，VR技术将增强互动 学习。] 15.C[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,DeepSeek,a Chinese AI company,has emerged as a pioneer in edu- cational technology.Its latest model,DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students world- wide,”可知，全文讨论了DeepSeek及其模型DeepSeek- R1在教育领域的应用和变革，探讨了AI在教育中的 角色及其带来的影响。] 课时作业9词句猜测题(2) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森 林管理员Martin Roth在面对气候变化时，如何利用高科 技工具来管理和保护森林。 l.D[代词指代题。根据前文“‘It's turned into disaster management,'says Roth,for whom the 3,000 acres of forest along the northeastern shore of Lake Constance in Germany double as testing ground for high-tech solu- tions,earning him the title 'digitalforster',which refers to a ranger expert in employing high-tech tools.”可知，代 词指代前文提到的事物，此处应是“数字护林员”的 称号。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“After a disastrous storm,the clock starts ticking:...so he can quickly lo- cate damaged trees,identify and inform the owners of af- fected plots,and send information to workers on the ground..”可知，本段主要强调了林业技术的速度和 精度。 3.DL细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now up to half of Eu ropean tree species are unsuited to rising temperatures and extended drought periods,...he says:Either I know it,or the computer knows it,or no one knows it and it's lost..”可知，本段Roth强调了信息管理和记录 的重要性。] B.语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Arndt 的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界 中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。 4.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Arndt wanted to investi- gate more closely,but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp,discomfor- ting his nose..‘All my life,’he says,‘I could remember the smell.”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味留下了深刻的印 象，这段经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。] 5 英语 5.D[代词指代题。根据第二段“Keystone species such as elephants and sharks are watched closely because their behaviors affect so many aspects of the ecosystem that if they disappeared,it would struggle to adapt.”可知，大象 和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，如 果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应，所以，划线代 词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。] 6.A[细节理解题。根据第三段“But in recent decades, the population of ants has been declining as the forests have fallen victim to logging,urbanization,and wild- fires,as well as drought and higher temperatures that have become more frequent with climate change.”可知， 蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、千早和 气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化。] 7.B[写作目的题。全文通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁 的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤 其是它们对生态系统的影响。最后一段提到“They are also a reminder that by protecting these unnoticed crea- tures,we are actually protecting ourselves..”进一步，点明 了保护微小物种的意义。」 C.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如 何进入医学院。进入医学院不是一个简单的事情，需要通 过一系列的考试。 8.C[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The Princeton Review says the competition to enter medical schools is strong.”可知，进入医学院竞争是很激烈的。] 9.D[细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“An important part of the application usually is the Medical College Ad- mission Test which is called MCAT.”可知，申请的一个 重要部分通常是医学院入学考试，称为MCAT,该测试 系统并不是由the Princeton Review研发提供的。] lO.B[代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“The Princeton Review says the competition to enter medical schools is strong.”可知，该词指的是想要进入医学院的人。] 1l.D[主旨大意题。根据本文第一句主题句“It is not easy to become a doctor in the United States..”可知，本文主要讲述 的是如何进入医学院。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专 家指出超加工食品并不总是不健康的，研究人员指出超加 工食品既有优点也有缺，点，人们应该理性看待。 l2.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“They also warned that people who cut out all ultra-processed foods could make their diets more unhealthy,for instance,if they avoid foods such as yogurts,low-fat spreads,wholemeal bread and food made of grains.”可知，低脂酱是超加工 食品。] l3.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“Chris van Tulleken has called for more countries to adopt dietary guidelines pio- neered in Brazil,where people are advised to prioritise eating whole foods and homemade meals,and avoid eat- ing factory-made foods.”可知，克里斯·范·图勒肯建 议人们应该避免超加工食品。] 14.D[句意猜测题。根据划线句上文“We absolutely need foods to be processed so that we can feed the world,'said May at the University of Leeds,UK,who is a member of the British Nutrition Foundation.May also said UPF includes products that are both healthy and unhealthy..”以及后文“There are many components that have a very important role to play in nutrition and in safety'”可知，超加工食品包括使康和不健康的产品， 30 并且加工食品养活世界，有许多成分在营养和安全方 面发挥着非常重要的作用，从而可知她想表达的是：超 加工食品既有优点也有缺点。故划线句意思是“超加 工食品既有优点也有缺点”。] 15.B[主旨大意题。根据第一段，并结合文章主要说明 了专家指出超加工食品并不总是不健康的，研究人员 指出超加工食品既有优点也有缺，点，人们应该理性看 待。可知，B选项“超加工食品并不总是不健康的”最符 合文章标题。] 课时作业10阅读七选五(1) A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青 少年时期会经历与他人的冲突以及如何有效管理和解决 这些冲突。 l.D[上文“The teenage years are marked by intense changes-physical,social,emotional,and developmental 一that can be difficult to deal with at times..”提到青少 年经历的剧烈变化有时很难处理，下文“As you grow ol-- der,conflicts with family often increase,mainly due to the desire for more independence,.”提到与家人的冲突， 故空处应是将变化和冲突联系起来，D项“有这么多事情 要做，冲突经常出现也就不足为奇了。”符合语境。门 2.E[根据下文中“As your outlook changes,these strug gles may make it more difficult to navigate relationships with family and cope with peer pressure.”的“these struggles'”可知，空处应是提及“struggles'”,E项“随着你 的成长，这个过程可能会导致你内心和外在的挣扎。”符 合语境。] 3.B[上文“While conflicts are a natural part of this stage of life,there are ways to manage and resolve them pro- ductively.”提到有一些解决冲突的方法，空处应是介绍 具体的方法，结合下文“By expressing your thoughts and feelings clearly,you can prevent misunderstandings and build mutual respect.”可知，空处介绍的方法是关于沟通 交流，B项“最有效的策略是沟通。”符合语境。] 4.AL根据本段中“Staying calm allows you to think more clearly and avoid worsening emotions.Techniques such as deep breathing or temporarily stepping away from the situation can help manage intense feelings..”可知，本段和 情绪有关，A项“情绪调节也很重要。”符合语境。] 5.F[空处位于结尾，应是总结上文，结合上文“While conflicts are a normal part of growing up,they can also be opportunities for personal development and self-dis- covery.”可知，冲突也可以是个人发展和自我发现的机 会，因此积极利用这个机会可以促进个人发展和自我发 现，F项“积极地看待它，你就能解决冲突，促进你的成 长。”符合语境，F项中“boost your growth'”呼应上文 “personal development'"。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什 么是逆境商以及逆境商对生活的影响。 6.F[根据上文“Adversity Quotient（AQ,逆境商数)， which is also known as the 'Adversity Intelligence', measures a person's ability to handle setbacks and strug- gles in difficult situations.Unlike IQ or EQ,AQ focuses on resilience-the power to recover from failures and a- dapt to adversity..”以及下文“Psychologist Dr,Paul Sto Itz,who first proposed the concept in the 1990s,empha- sized that AQ is crucial for personal and professional suc- cess,especially when IQ and EQ levels are similar among individuals.”可知，上文说明了逆境商的特，点，推测本句 是在说明拥有逆境商的人的特质。故F选项“高逆境商 的人在困难面前不会轻易放弃。”符合语境。] 6