专题11 完形填空命题深度探究（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年春季高考英语

专题11 完形填空命题深度探究 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一：句内层次题（重点） 2 考点二：句组层次题（重点） 6 考点三：语篇层次题（难点） 9 实战演练 34 考试要求 上海高考英语完形填空体裁议论文、说明文为主，夹叙夹议文次之，文章选材颇具哲理性，可读性较强。在语言结构方面，长难句较多，逻辑思辨能力强，理解难度较大，在选项词性上以实词为主，其中动词、名词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，特别注重对文章上下文语境的理解把握。考点设置上，句内层次题(答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭句子本身可知答案)和句组层次题(答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示)所占比重较大，语篇层次题(答案中整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局)考查难度较大。主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。偶尔会有过渡词、介词短语、动词短语、连词等。 命题分析 题型与分值 15 道题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 语篇特征 1. 词数一般在 350-450 词之间。2. 文本多选自外刊原文，如卫报、纽约时报、经济学人等。3. 体裁以说明文为主，尤其是知识前沿类文章。4. 逻辑紧凑严密，难度高于一般阅读材料。 核心考查 1. 词汇：以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时也会考查逻辑衔接词或短语，注重词汇在语境及篇章结构中的最优匹配。2. 逻辑：考查句子内部、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果等。3. 篇章结构理解：要求考生把握文章的整体结构和主旨，根据上下文进行推理和判断。 命题特点 1. 语义优先于语法原则，更强调对词汇语义的准确理解和运用。2. 上下文语境分析原则，答案往往需要通过对上下文的细致分析才能得出。3. 设题注重句内层次题，如利用句内语法结构、词汇线索暗示、习惯搭配及固定结构等解题。4. 文章阅读难易度指数较大，区分度高，长难句较多，是高考重难题型之一。 · 考点一：句内层次题 解题策略 解题线索主要集中在句子内部，选项的正确与否取决于对句子结构、语法、词汇搭配等的理解。解题线索分布在句中。这类题目通常聚焦考查词汇的用法、固定搭配、语法结构等。 1．利用句内语法结构或对应成分分析法解题 2. 利用句内词汇线索暗示分析法解题 3.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 4. 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 例1（2025·上海浦东新区一模） Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is more (22)_________: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. 21. A. live B. casual C. adorable D. interactive 22. A. substantial B. urgent C. reasonable D. practical 例2 【2025~2026 学年金山区二模 】 原文节选: To 27 _______the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 例3 【2025~2026 学年宝山区二模】 原文节选: Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them ____33____. As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. 33. A. fascinated B. relaxed C. amused D. updated · 考点二：句组层次题 解题策略 解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。 1．利用语义复现解题 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 3．利用逻辑关系解题 4．利用语境暗示分析法解题 例1（2025·上海嘉定一模） Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, ____33____ journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or ____35____ — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 33. A. short B. affordable C. safe D. personal 34. A. unlock B. complicate C. complement D. expose 35. A. motivations B. interests C. results D. questions 例2 【2025~2026 学年闵行区二模】 For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from ____26____. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____27____ what we really think. 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 例3 【2025~2026 学年浦东新区二模 】 原文节选 It’s widely claimed that sports and other indoor activities have their benefits, but ___29___them exclusively means kids aren’t developing executive function skills independently. 29. A. getting through B. identifying with C. longing for D. relying on · 考点三：语篇层次题 解题策略 解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。 1. 利用语义复现解题 2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 3. 利用逻辑关系解题 例1 【2025-2026学年·上海长宁一模】 47 , they checked to see which genes were especially active in the enamel-producing cells. It turned out that genes designed to bind to calcium were particularly busy. ......... But these findings are 54 . As any dentist will tell you, prevention is better than cure. 55 , a better cure would be always welcome. There is no doubt that this research offers a new prospect for future dental care. 47. A. Then B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Still 55. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Instead 例2（2025·上海闵行一模） Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging（无线电标记）. To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 22 . ...... They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos' activities without the use of any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers' knowledge could be effectively 29 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. ...... If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 32 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. ............ 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 例3（2025·上海宝山一模） At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. __21__ , people's facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people's language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help __22__ that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is __23__. Even when people don't lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are __24__ with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid __25__ their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so __26__ when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) __27__ to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one's eyes may be a sign of __28__ with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes __29__, they might just be tired. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don't like. And posture also __34__. Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel __35__ or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 22. A. provide B. develop C. discover D. arouse 24. A. cooperating B. negotiating C. investigating D. interacting 25. A. misguiding B. misinterpreting C. mistrusting D. mismanaging 34. A. adjusts B. follows C. moves D. matters 一、模拟试题选 （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation 二、名校试题精选 （上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷） How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 1 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 2 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 3 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 4 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 5 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 6 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 7 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 8 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 9 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 10 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 11 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 12 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 13 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 14 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 15 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 1．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 2．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 3．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 4．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 5．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 6．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 7．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 8．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 9．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 10．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 11．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 12．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 13．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 14．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 15．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 三、真题演练 （2025·上海卷·高考真题· 完形填空篇） In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen ____21____; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the ____22____ of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their ____23____ mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these ____24____ groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen ___25___; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should ____26____ solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might ____27____ remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team ____28____ hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved ____29____. One key moment came when the team faced the ____30____ of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have ____31____ the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to ____32____ unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former ____33____, enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological ____34____ and historical significance. The result is an approach that ____35____ environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 21. A. in time B. under discussion C. for good D. in isolation 22. A. difference B. change C. sum D. management 23. A. respective B. deserted C. transitional D. shared 24. A. diverse B. educational C. foreign D. regional 25. A. slowly B. alongside C. overnight D. properly 26. A. unlock B. skip C. interpret D. classify 27. A. similarly B. otherwise C. altogether D. eventually 28. A. consequently B. regretfully C. fortunately D. initially 29. A. unrealistic B. invaluable C. misleading D. conventional 30. A. establishment B. decoration C. removal D. coverage 31. A. sustained B. replaced C. reformed D. ruined 32. A. cause B. mask C. prevent D. suffer 33. A. presence B. expression C. pollution D. strategy 34. A. supervision B. integrity C. guidance D. occupation 35. A. accesses B. balances C. evaluates D. traces 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 完形填空命题深度探究 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 核心考点精讲 5 考点一：句内层次题（重点） 2 考点二：句组层次题（重点） 6 考点三：语篇层次题（难点） 9 实战演练 34 考试要求 上海高考英语完形填空体裁议论文、说明文为主，夹叙夹议文次之，文章选材颇具哲理性，可读性较强。在语言结构方面，长难句较多，逻辑思辨能力强，理解难度较大，在选项词性上以实词为主，其中动词、名词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，特别注重对文章上下文语境的理解把握。考点设置上，句内层次题(答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭句子本身可知答案)和句组层次题(答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示)所占比重较大，语篇层次题(答案中整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局)考查难度较大。主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。偶尔会有过渡词、介词短语、动词短语、连词等。 命题分析 题型与分值 15 道题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 语篇特征 1. 词数一般在 350-450 词之间。2. 文本多选自外刊原文，如卫报、纽约时报、经济学人等。3. 体裁以说明文为主，尤其是知识前沿类文章。4. 逻辑紧凑严密，难度高于一般阅读材料。 核心考查 1. 词汇：以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时也会考查逻辑衔接词或短语，注重词汇在语境及篇章结构中的最优匹配。2. 逻辑：考查句子内部、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系，如并列、转折、递进、因果等。3. 篇章结构理解：要求考生把握文章的整体结构和主旨，根据上下文进行推理和判断。 命题特点 1. 语义优先于语法原则，更强调对词汇语义的准确理解和运用。2. 上下文语境分析原则，答案往往需要通过对上下文的细致分析才能得出。3. 设题注重句内层次题，如利用句内语法结构、词汇线索暗示、习惯搭配及固定结构等解题。4. 文章阅读难易度指数较大，区分度高，长难句较多，是高考重难题型之一。 · 考点一：句内层次题 解题策略 解题线索主要集中在句子内部，选项的正确与否取决于对句子结构、语法、词汇搭配等的理解。解题线索分布在句中。这类题目通常聚焦考查词汇的用法、固定搭配、语法结构等。 1．利用句内语法结构或对应成分分析法解题 2. 利用句内词汇线索暗示分析法解题 3.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 4. 利用生活常识和文化背景解题 例1（2025·上海浦东新区一模） Browse through any social-media feed, and before long a cute video will appear. The supply of these (21)_________ clips, short parts of videos, is huge. On one social media platform there are 65 million videos tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is more (22)_________: those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times. 21. A. live B. casual C. adorable D. interactive 22. A. substantial B. urgent C. reasonable D. practical 答案：21. C 22. A 21. C：句内层次题。根据前文 “a cute video will appear” 以及后文 “those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times” 可知，这里说的是可爱的视频片段，“adorable” 意为 “可爱的”，符合语境。“live” 意为 “现场的”；“casual” 意为 “随意的”；“interactive” 意为 “互动的”，均不符合此处对可爱视频片段的描述，所以选 C。 22. A：句内层次题。由前文The supply of these (21)_______ clips, short parts of videos, is huge. 及下句 “those videos have been viewed more than 625 billion times” 可知，对可爱视频的需求是巨大的。“substantial” 意为 “大量的，可观的”，符合语境。“urgent” 意为 “紧急的”；“reasonable” 意为 “合理的”；“practical” 意为 “实际的”，均不符合需求巨大这一语境，所以选 A。 例2 【2025~2026 学年金山区二模 】 原文节选: To 27 _______the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. 27. A. allow for B. look into C. rule out D. open up 答案：27. C 解析：句内层次题。线索全部在本句内部。本句后半句 “实验时完全不放置食物” 是关键提示，实验目的是排除蜜蜂依靠视觉、嗅觉找甜食这种可能性。固定短语 rule out 意为 “排除”，完全贴合本句实验操作逻辑，其余短语代入本句语义不通，无需阅读上下段落。 例3 【2025~2026 学年宝山区二模】 原文节选: Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them ____33____. As the investors left, Emma turned to Oliver. “That was amazing. 33. A. fascinated B. relaxed C. amused D. updated 答案：33. D 解析：句内层次题。句意：Oliver感谢了大家，并承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。A. fascinated使着迷；B. relaxed放松；C. amused逗乐；D. updated更新。根据前文“Oliver thanked everyone and promised to keep them”可知，Oliver承诺随时向他们通报最新情况。keep sb. updated为固定短语，意为“让某人了解最新情况”。故选D。依靠本句固定搭配直接作答。本句固定短语 keep sb. updated，表示 “随时向某人同步最新消息”，是英语商务场景固定搭配，仅通过空格所在单句短语约束就能确定答案，不依赖上下文投资者对话内容。 考查动词词义辨析。 · 考点二：句组层次题 解题策略 解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。 1．利用语义复现解题 2． 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题 3．利用逻辑关系解题 4．利用语境暗示分析法解题 例1（2025·上海嘉定一模） Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations. Instead, it should be a creative, ____33____ journey. He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, Rovelli offers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just about facts or ____35____ — it’s about curiosity, wonder, and the joy of discovering new possibilities. 33. A. short B. affordable C. safe D. personal 34. A. unlock B. complicate C. complement D. expose 35. A. motivations B. interests C. results D. questions 【答案】 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carlo Rovelli的书中强调了非功利性学习的重要性，鼓励对知识的追求与探究。 【33题详解】 句组层次题。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这应该是一次创造性的个人之旅。A. short短的；B. affordable可负担的；C. safe安全的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“Rovelli also emphasizes that learning should never be limited by rules or expectations.”和下文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn. By doing so, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us.”可知，学习永远不应该受到规则或期望的限制，这应该是有创造性的个人的旅程，深入了解自己和周围的世界。故选D。 【34题详解】 句组层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，他相信我们可以更深入地了解自己和周围的世界。A. unlock揭开，揭示；B. complicate复杂化；C. complement补足，补充；D. expose揭露。根据上文“He encourages readers to ask big questions, follow their interests, and take time to reflect on what they learn.”可知，关注自己的兴趣，反思自己所学的东西，这会使人更深入了解自己和周围的世界，unlock a deeper understanding of表示“深入了解”。故选A。 【35题详解】 句组层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness一书中，Rovelli衷心提醒我们，学习不仅仅是关于事实或结果，而是关于好奇心、好奇心和发现新可能性的乐趣。A. motivations动机；B. interests兴趣；C. results结果；D. questions问题。根据文章开头“Carlo Rovelli’s book, There Are Places in the World Where Rules Are Less Important Than Kindness, offers a refreshing perspective on learning, urging readers to pursue curiosity and exploration without worrying about practical outcomes.”可知，Rovelli提醒我们的是，学习不仅仅是关于实际的结果，而是关于学习过程中的乐趣。故选C。 例2 【2025~2026 学年闵行区二模】 For many people, being authentic — showing one’s true self — is far from ____26____. As social beings, we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____27____ what we really think. 26. A. ideal B. natural C. comfortable D. easy 答案：26. D 句组层次题。。句意：对很多人来说，做真实的自己——展示真实的自我——远非易事。A. ideal理想的；B. natural自然的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. easy容易的。根据后文“we are used to adapting to our environment, which makes it difficult to ____ what we really think.”可知，此处表示做真实的自己不容易。故选D。仅看 26 空所在单句无法判断，必须结合后一句句组逻辑。后句完整语义：作为社会人，我们习惯迎合环境，很难表达真实想法。两句构成因果句组：正因为人们习惯伪装，所以做真实的自己一点都不容易。easy（容易）对应后句 difficult 形成反义呼应，单句缺少完整因果线索，必须结合下一句才能锁定选项。 例3 【2025~2026 学年浦东新区二模 】 原文节选 It’s widely claimed that sports and other indoor activities have their benefits, but ___29___them exclusively means kids aren’t developing executive function skills independently. 29. A. getting through B. identifying with C. longing for D. relying on 答案：29. D 解析：句组层次题。句意：人们普遍认为体育和其他室内活动有其好处，但仅仅依靠它们意味着孩子们无法独立发展执行功能技能。A. getting through通过；B. identifying with认同；C. longing for渴望；D. relying on依靠。根据前文“sports and other indoor activities have their benefits”以及转折词but可知，此处指仅仅依靠这些室内活动是不够的。故选D。 本句内部 but 只能看出转折关系，完整语义需要结合下一句句组补充线索。下句：如果没有独自处理难题的练习，青少年遇到非常规现实生活时会手足无措。两句构成转折句组：室内活动虽有好处，但只一味依赖室内活动，孩子无法独立锻炼处事能力。rely on（依赖）匹配两句逻辑，单句无法判断空格短语含义。 · 考点三：语篇层次题 解题策略 解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。 1. 利用语义复现解题 2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题 3. 利用逻辑关系解题 例1 【2025-2026学年·上海长宁一模】 47 , they checked to see which genes were especially active in the enamel-producing cells. It turned out that genes designed to bind to calcium were particularly busy. ......... But these findings are 54 . As any dentist will tell you, prevention is better than cure. 55 , a better cure would be always welcome. There is no doubt that this research offers a new prospect for future dental care. 47. A. Then B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Still 55. A. Likewise B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Instead 【答案】 47.A 55.C 【解析】 47. 语篇层次题。A. Then（然后） Therefore（因此） Otherwise（否则） Still（仍然） 答案：A. Then（然后） 解析：根据上下文，研究人员首先检查了釉质细胞中特别活跃的基因。然后，他们检查了哪些基因在产生釉质的细胞中特别活跃。Then表示时间上的顺序关系。 55. A.语篇层次题。 Likewise（同样地） Furthermore（此外） Nevertheless（然而） Instead（代替） 答案：C. Nevertheless（然而） 解析：根据上下文，文章提到预防胜过治疗，然而更好的治疗方法总是受欢迎的。Nevertheless表示转折关系，即尽管如此。 例2（2025·上海闵行一模） Effective monitoring of endangered species is key to their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits of wild animals is essential to ensure their habitat remains free from development and illegal hunters. Traditional methods of monitoring wild animals, especially large ones, include radio-tagging（无线电标记）. To do this, individual animals must at first be captured so that collars can be 22 . ...... They could effectively create a true picture of individual rhinos' activities without the use of any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Consequently, the team were interested to know whether the trackers' knowledge could be effectively 29 a computerized technique for monitoring animal movement. ...... If that is done repeatedly, conservationists can draw up a 32 of all, or at least a significant proportion of the individuals within the population. After that, conservationists can use it to identify an animal and its movements by its print. ............ 21. A. flexibility B. diet C. movement D. behavior 答案：C 21. C：语篇层次题。文章围绕监测濒危物种展开，研究野生动物的移动、活动范围和习性对保护其栖息地至关重要。“movement”（移动）符合语境，而 “flexibility”（灵活性）、“diet”（饮食）、“behavior”（行为）在文中虽也相关，但结合后文主要讨论通过监测动物移动来保护它们，“movement” 最为合适，所以选 C。 例3（2025·上海宝山一模） At times we all wish that we knew what other people were thinking. __21__ , people's facial expressions, movements and posture (姿势) can communicate a lot about what is going on in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in people's language can require a lot of skill, but Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help __22__ that ability. Small changes in body language can help you recognize if someone is __23__. Even when people don't lie directly, they sometimes try to hide their feelings. Whether you are __24__ with people in business or in your personal life, recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own. According to Navarro, establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid __25__ their body language. Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things, so __26__ when people use certain expressions. Recognizing this baseline can help you understand whether expressions and gestures indicate a(n) __27__ to something you said or not. For example, rubbing one's eyes may be a sign of __28__ with a topic. But if the person has been rubbing their eyes __29__, they might just be tired. Proximity (接近，亲近) to other people is also part of body language. People stand closer to people they like or feel comfortable with than to strangers or people they don't like. And posture also __34__. Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel __35__ or uncomfortable. Body language can communicate a lot about people's thoughts and feelings, and thus, help you relate to them. 22. A. provide B. develop C. discover D. arouse 24. A. cooperating B. negotiating C. investigating D. interacting 25. A. misguiding B. misinterpreting C. mistrusting D. mismanaging 34. A. adjusts B. follows C. moves D. matters 答案解析 22. B：这本书能帮助 “培养” 理解肢体语言隐藏信息的能力。“develop”（培养，发展）符合语境，“provide” （提供）、“discover”（发现）、“arouse”（唤起）均不能准确表达培养能力的意思，所以选 B。 语篇层次题。文章中提到 “Understanding these messages hidden in people's language can require a lot of skill（理解隐藏在人们语言中的这些信息需要很多技巧）”，后文紧接着介绍 “Joe Navarro's book What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 22 that ability（乔・纳瓦罗的《身体语言密码》这本书能帮助…… 那种能力）”。从语篇整体来看，文章旨在阐述身体语言能传达很多信息，但理解这些信息需要能力，而这本书的出现就是要助力人们去更好地掌握这种理解身体语言所传达信息的能力，所以这里用 “develop（发展，培养）”，意味着帮助读者去提升、培养解读身体语言信息的能力，契合整个语篇围绕身体语言以及如何更好理解它这一脉络展开的内容。 24. D：无论是在商业还是个人生活中与他人 “互动”，识别这些感觉都有助于兼顾双方利益。“interacting”（互动）符合语境，“cooperating”（合作）、“negotiating”（谈判）、“investigating”（调查）都过于片面，不能涵盖各种与他人打交道的情况，所以选 D。 语篇层次题。文中先是说 “Whether you are 24 with people in business or in your personal life（无论你在商务中还是个人生活中与人们……）”，后面又提到 “recognizing these feelings can help you look out for their interests and your own（识别这些情感能帮助你留意他们的和你自己的利益）”。从语篇的角度去理解，整个篇章重点在讲述身体语言对于人们了解他人想法、感受的重要性，而此处描述的在商务和个人生活不同场景下，需要一个能体现与他人相处交往且通过这种相处去识别情感、照顾彼此利益的词，“interacting（互动，交往）” 就很好地契合了这一整体语境，它能涵盖不同场景下与他人打交道的情况，是顺着语篇围绕身体语言在人际交往中的作用这一核心思路来的。 25. B：根据后文提到面部表情和手势可能有多种含义，可知建立一个人行为的基线对于避免 “误解” 其肢体语言很重要。“misinterpreting”（误解）符合语境，“misguiding”（误导）、“mistrusting”（不信任）、“mismanaging”（管理不善）均不符合，所以选 B。 语篇层次题。文中先是指出 “establishing a baseline for how a person behaves is important to avoid 25 their body language.（为一个人的行为建立一个基准对于避免…… 他们的身体语言是很重要的）”，随后解释 “Most facial expressions and gestures can mean several different things（大多数面部表情和手势可能意味着几种不同的情况）”。从语篇理解的层面，整个部分是在讲解如何准确通过身体语言去判断他人想法，因为身体语言的表意具有复杂性，所以才强调要建立基准，其目的就是避免错误解读，“misinterpreting（误解，曲解）” 准确地对应了语篇中关于身体语言理解存在难度以及要正确解读它这一整体内容，是基于对这一环节在整个语篇中作用的把握来选择的答案。 34. D：姿势也 “很重要”。“matters”（重要）符合语境，“adjusts”（调整）、“follows”（跟随）、“moves”（移动）均不符合姿势重要这一语境，所以选 D。 语篇层次题。文中先是在多处举例介绍身体语言的不同方面，像面部表情、动作等所传达的信息，接着提到 “And posture also 34. Sitting or standing up straight can show that someone feels confident, while sitting with crossed arms indicates that they feel 35 or uncomfortable.（姿势也……。坐直或站直能表明某人感觉自信，而交叉双臂坐着表明他们感觉…… 或不舒服）”。从语篇的角度出发，整体是在全面阐述身体语言的各个构成要素及其表意功能，姿势作为其中一部分，这里用 “matters（有关系，要紧）” 体现出姿势在整个身体语言体系中的重要性，它和前面所讲的面部表情等其他要素一样，都能传达人们内心的想法和感受，是对语篇围绕身体语言多方面表意展开论述的补充与完善，所以该题答案是基于语篇对身体语言整体构成及作用的描述来确定的。 一、模拟试题选 （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Who, or what, do you trust? Every day, we turn to the internet to ____21____: should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver? We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by ____22____, many of us wouldn’t even buy a toaster without first checking reviews. Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost ____23____ — why wouldn’t you ask Google first? And yet, when it comes to many more fundamental choices — like what we choose to study — we often trust our instincts. This, argues economist Seth Davidowitz, is where we are going wrong. ____24____, following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths. In his new book Don’t Trust Your Gut: Using data instead of instinct to make better choices, Seth Davidowitz brings together “credible answers to ____25____ questions” as revealed by vast online data, so we can apply them in order to be more successful and happier. “While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out, ____26____,” he writes. Some findings are indeed ____27____, going against common belief — for example, the overstated advantage of youth in starting a business. Others, however, may be more ____28____ expectations: we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV. Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ____29____ than anticipated. On the other hand, we underestimate the ____30____ to our mood from visiting museums or libraries. From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ____31____ on key decisions and, where possible, tries it out for himself. In his book he writes that he used AI, market research and statistical analysis — putting more than 100 edited images of himself into an online survey — to find out that people generally prefer him with glasses and a beard. Though entertaining, his book is most ____32____ when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example. But his somewhat idealist view of data may create a ____33____ with a world already transformed by it. ____34____ may not lie, as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests. When our ____35____ is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware, perhaps success isn’t always a matter of making the right decision. 21. A. make decisions B. express opinions C. gain knowledge D. achieve success 22. A. experience B. freedom C. technology D. power 23. A. rewarding B. exhausting C. effortless D. unthinkable 24. A. By contrast B. After all C. Even so D. In short 25. A. important B. obvious C. factual D. uncomfortable 26. A. remain B. disagree C. approve D. vary 27. A. misleading B. original C. surprising D. experimental 28. A. dependent on B. beneficial to C. consistent with D. strict about 29. A. attentive B. confused C. confident D. happy 30. A. boost B. cost C. risk D. boredom 31. A. convenience B. guidance C. diversity D. precision 32. A. recreational B. complicated C. popular D. practical 33. A. conflict B. conversation C. balance D. relationship 34. A. Books B. Resources C. Numbers D. Instincts 35. A. identity B. behaviour C. status D. reputation 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨数据优于直觉，理性抉择并反思数据局限性。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天，我们都会求助于互联网来做决定：我们应该住在那家酒店、在这家餐厅吃饭、乘坐那位司机的车吗？A. make decisions做决定；B. express opinions表达意见；C. gain knowledge获得知识；D. achieve success取得成功。根据下文“should we stay at that hotel, eat at this restaurant, ride with that driver?”可知，后文列举的住宿、就餐、出行选择均属于日常决策，说明我们上网是为求助于互联网来做决定。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经如此习惯科技提供的大规模参考信息，很多人就连买一个烤面包机都要先查看评论。A. experience经验；B. freedom自由；C. technology科技；D. power力量。根据上文“We have become so used to the large-scale insights provided by”以及常识可知，互联网属于科技，此处指我们已经习惯于科技所提供的见解。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们的可及性和明显的权威性意味着，随便挑选一件电器几乎是不可想象的——你为什么不先问问谷歌呢？A. rewarding值得的；B. exhausting令人疲惫的；C. effortless不费力的；D. unthinkable不可想象的。根据上文“Their accessibility and apparent authority mean that simply picking an appliance at random is almost”可知，人们习惯查网络参考，网络有可及性和明显的权威性，因此盲目选购家电是人们不会考虑、无法想象的事。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：毕竟，跟随我们的直觉会导致我们按照隐藏的偏见行事，或者继续走死胡同。A. By contrast相比之下；B. After all毕竟；C. Even so即便如此；D. In short简言之。根据下文“following our instincts can lead us to act on hidden prejudices or to keep following dead-end paths”可知，此处是在解释为什么我们不应该仅仅依靠直觉来做决定，after all表示“毕竟”，用于引出解释或理由。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新作《别信直觉：用数据而非本能做出更好的选择》一书中，塞思・达维多维茨整合了海量网络大数据所揭示的、各类重要人生问题的可靠答案，以便我们借鉴运用，从而收获更大的成功与幸福感。A. important重要的；B. obvious明显的；C. factual事实的；D. uncomfortable令人不适的。根据后文“From work to relationships, Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for ______on key decisions”可知，这本书提及工作、人 际关系等，都是人生关键重要的问题。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己，但事实证明，数字并不认同，”他写道。A. remain保持；B. disagree不同意；C. approve批准；D. vary变化。根据上文“While we often think we know how to better ourselves, the numbers, it turns out”可知，句首的“While”引导让步状语从句，表示转折。从句说“虽然我们常常认为自己知道如何提升自己”，主句则应该表达与之相反的意思，即实际情况（数字）与我们的想法不一致。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些发现确实令人惊讶，与普遍看法相悖——例如，年轻人创业的优势被夸大了。A. misleading误导的；B. original原始的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. experimental实验的。根据下文“going against common belief”可知，有些发现与普遍看法相悖，因此是令人惊讶的。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，其他一些发现可能更符合人们的预期：我们常常高估了诸如吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣。A. dependent on依靠；B. beneficial to有益于；C. consistent with符合；D. strict about严格。根据下文“we often overestimate the pleasure of passive activities such as snacking and watching TV”可知，前文发现违背常识，此处转折，表示另一部分和预期相符，我们常常高估了吃零食和看电视等被动活动的乐趣，这是符合人们预期的。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伦敦经济学院的研究发现，即使是放松也往往让人感觉不如预期的快乐。A. attentive专注的；B. confused困惑的；C. confident自信的；D. happy快乐的。根据上文“Research by the London School of Economics found that even relaxing tends to make people feel less ”可知，前文提到高估被动活动的愉悦感，此处对应放松的实际幸福感、快乐感更低。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我们低估了参观博物馆或图书馆对我们情绪的提升作用。A. boost提升；B. cost成本；C. risk风险；D. boredom无聊。根据上文“On the other hand, we underestimate the”以及下文“from visiting museums or libraries”可知，前文被动活动幸福感偏低，对比可知文化活动能改善、提升心情。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从工作到人际关系，塞思·戴维维茨都从数据中寻求关键决策的指导，并在可能的情况下亲自尝试。A. convenience便利；B. guidance指导；C. diversity多样性；D. precision精确。根据上文“Seth Davidowitz looks to the data for”以及下文“on key decisions”可知，塞思·戴维维茨主张用数据辅助选择，即数据为决策提供参考指导。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的书很有趣，但当它挑战流行假设并证明什么对大多数人最有效时，它才最实用，这样我们所有人都可以从他们的例子中学习。A. recreational娱乐的；B. complicated复杂的；C. popular流行的；D. practical实用的。根据下文“when it challenges popular assumptions and demonstrates what works best for most people, so that all of us might learn from their example”可知，当它挑战流行假设并展示对大多数人最有效的方法，以便我们所有人都能学习，这解释了这本书的价值所在。这种能够被人们学习并应用的特性就是“实用性”。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他对数据有些理想化的看法可能会与一个已经被数据改变的世界产生冲突。A. conflict冲突；B. conversation对话；C. balance平衡；D. relationship关系。根据下文“but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture, especially when they are controlled by corporate interests”可知，下文指出数据存在局限性、受企业利益操控，说明塞思·戴维维茨的理想数据观和现实存在矛盾。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字可能不会说谎，正如塞思·戴维维茨所写的那样——但它们也没有揭示出完整、复杂的画面，尤其是当它们被企业利益控制时。A. Books书籍；B. Resources资源；C. Numbers数字；D. Instincts直觉。根据上文“as Seth Davidowitz writes — but nor do they reveal the complete, complex picture”以及前文多次提到的“numbers”可知，全文核心围绕数据对比直觉展开，此处指代前文反复提及的数字，此处指数字可能不会说谎，但也没有揭示出完整、复杂的画面。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们的行为已经在以我们没有意识到的方式被数据塑造时，也许成功并不总是做出正确决定的问题。A. identity身份；B. behaviour行为；C. status地位；D. reputation名声。根据下文“is already being shaped by data in ways of which we aren’t aware”可知，日常生活中依靠数据做各类选择、被数据影响生活方式，都属于行为层面的塑造，此处指我们的行为已经在以我们没有意识到的方式被数据塑造。故选B。 二、名校试题精选 （上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷） How to be more efficient: stop ‘precrastinating’ Whether or not we care to admit it, we’re all familiar with procrastination: waiting until the last minute to catch up with pressing tasks, often leading to subpar (低于标准的)or incomplete work. The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time. But in your quest to 1 procrastination, is it possible to go too far? David Rosenbaum, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside, certainly think so. His research focuses on the perils of “precrastination”, the 2 to rush too quickly into tasks. It can 3 an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning — in other words, haste makes waste. 4 a procrastinator, who might leave an inbox full of emails untouched until the next day, a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning. 5 they know most of the emails are unimportant, they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible. In some cases, this can mean draining the precious energy they might need for a more 6 task later on. So why do people precrastinate? Rosenbaum says that for most, it’s tough to 7 reaching for low-hanging fruit. If something is immediately 8 to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it. Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market. 9 , when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about — “I can wrap this up in five minutes. Why not take care of it now?” Personality 10 such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy can predict precrastination behaviors, Rosenbaum says, but the evolutionary impulse behind them is universal. The real 11 of precrastination comes when, in your rush to finish, you encounter the naturally higher chance of doing your work incompletely or inaccurately. In the case of emails, sometimes waiting to 12 can show respect for careful thought over expediency, especially if the content of the message is emotional. Of course, precrastination is not without its 13 , but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense. Chronic precrastinators must also realize that it’s OK to 14 trivial things, because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day, Rosenbaum says. He argues that the managers of today would be wise to acknowledge that it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible. “It should be agreed in our society that it’s okay to smell the flowers,” he says. “To be 15 , mindful and to be allowed to slow down.” 1．A．beat B．enhance C．adapt D．reveal 2．A．feasibility B．tendency C．possibility D．activity 3．A．rise from B．result from C．result in D．end with 4．A．With regards to B．In terms of C．In response to D．As opposed to 5．A．Only if B．Even if C．As if D．What if 6．A．common B．minor C．special D．urgent 7．A．overcome B．realize C．sense D．resist 8．A．desirable B．available C．approachable D．agreeable 9．A．Especially B．Fairly C．Similarly D．Arguably 10．A．traits B．drawbacks C．themes D．strengths 11．A．upside B．downside C．feature D．value 12．A．respond B．read C．reflect D．edit 13．A．shortcomings B．interests C．benefits D．improvements 14．A．take on B．set aside C．put forward D．break down 15．A．intentional B．imaginative C．deliberate D．impulsive 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“提前拖延症”这一现象，分析其定义、表现、成因、弊端及合理应对方式，区分其与普通拖延症的不同。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在你努力克服拖延症的过程中，有可能做得太过火吗？A. beat克服，击败；B. enhance增强；C. adapt适应；D. reveal揭示。根据前文“The antidote — while easier said than done — is simply to start on your assignments sooner, long before the cut-off time.”可知，此处指努力克服拖延症。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的研究重点是“提前拖延症”的危害，即过于仓促地投入任务的倾向。A. feasibility可行性；B. tendency倾向，趋势；C. possibility可能性；D. activity活动。根据前文“precrastination”的定义，结合空后“to rush too quickly into tasks”可知，此处指的是一种行为倾向。故选B。 3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它会导致不必要的精力消耗，而稍微计划一下就可以避免 —— 换句话说，欲速则不达。A. rise from由……引起；B. result from由……导致；C. result in导致，引起；D. end with以……结束。根据空后“an expenditure of unnecessary effort that could be avoided with a bit of planning”可知，此处指提前拖延症会导致这种后果。故选C。 4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与拖延者不同，拖延者可能会把收件箱里满满的邮件留到第二天再处理，而提前拖延者会在早上第一件事就阅读并回复每一封邮件。A. With regards to关于；B. In terms of就……而言；C. In response to作为对……的回应；D. As opposed to与……相反，相对于。根据后文对“procrastinator”和“precrastinator”行为的对比可知，此处指 与拖延者相反。故选D。 5．考查连词短语辨析。句意：即使他们知道大多数邮件都不重要，他们也会选择尽快处理掉。A. Only if只有；B. Even if即使，尽管；C. As if好像；D. What if要是……会怎样。根据空前后“they know most of the emails are unimportant”和“they would choose to clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处存在转折让步关系。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，这可能意味着耗尽他们之后可能需要用于更紧急任务的宝贵精力。A. common普通的；B. minor次要的；C. special特殊的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文“clear them off as soon as possible”可知，此处指这些精力本可以用于更紧急的任务，urgent符合语境，与前文unimportant形成对比。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，对大多数人来说，很难抗拒唾手可得的成果。A. overcome克服；B. realize意识到；C. sense感觉到；D. resist抵抗，抗拒。根据后文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”可知，此处指人们很难抗拒容易得到的东西。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果某样东西立刻对你可用，你会本能地去争取它。A. desirable令人向往的；B. available可获得的，可用的；C. approachable可接近的；D. agreeable令人愉快的。根据后文“Think about the sweet attraction of free food samples at the market.”可知，免费食物样品是可获得的，此处指容易得到的东西会吸引人。故选B。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样地，当你完成简单的短期任务时，你需要考虑的事情就少了一件 ——“我可以在五分钟内完成这件事。为什么不现在就处理呢？”A. Especially尤其；B. Fairly相当；C. Similarly同样地；D. Arguably可以说。前文“If something is immediately ____ to you, you’re instinctively wired to go for it.”和后文“when you complete simple short-term tasks, you have one fewer thing to think about”逻辑一致，是同样道理。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，诸如责任心、渴望取悦他人和精力充沛等人格特质可以预测提前拖延行为，但它们背后的进化冲动是普遍存在的。A. traits特质，特征；B. drawbacks缺点；C. themes主题；D. strengths优势。根据空后“such as conscientiousness, eagerness to please and high energy”可知，这些都是人的人格特质。故选A。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：提前拖延症真正的弊端在于，当你急于完成任务时，你自然会有更高的几率把工作做得不完整或不准确。A. upside优势，好处；B. downside弊端，缺点；C. feature特征；D. value价值。根据空后“doing your work incompletely or inaccurately”可知，这是提前拖延症的弊端。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以邮件为例，有时候等待回复可以体现出重视深思熟虑而非急于求成，尤其是当邮件内容涉及情感时。A. respond回应，回复；B. read阅读；C. reflect反思；D. edit编辑。根据前文“a precrastinator would read and respond to each of them first thing in the morning”可知，此处指与提前回复相反——等待回复。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，提前拖延症并非没有好处，但关键是只有在合理的时候才这样做。A. shortcomings缺点；B. interests兴趣；C. benefits好处，益处；D. improvements改进。根据后文“but it’s critical to do so only when it makes sense”可知，此处存在转折，指提前拖延症也有好处。故选C。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗森鲍姆说，长期的提前拖延者也必须意识到，把琐碎的事情放在一边是可以的，因为它们在当天晚些时候不会需要太多的脑力。A. take on承担；B. set aside搁置，留出；C. put forward提出；D. break down分解，崩溃。根据后文“because they will not require huge mental energy later in the day”可知，此处指可以搁置琐碎的事情。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“在我们的社会中，应该达成共识，停下来闻闻花香是可以的。放慢脚步，保持从容和专注。”A. intentional故意的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. deliberate从容的，深思熟虑的；D. impulsive冲动的。根据前文“it’s not always best to do everything as quickly as possible”和“smell the flowers” 三、真题演练 （2025·上海卷·高考真题· 完形填空篇） In the scientific field, just as important as raising our voices is how we come together. Progress doesn’t happen ____21____; it’s fueled by cooperation. Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the ____22____ of its parts. I’ve witnessed that cooperative power firsthand through an initiative called Native Plant Hub. This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners. Their ____23____ mission? Addressing critical shortages in native plant materials to support fire reduction, foreign species control, and habitat restoration across the western United States. It couldn’t have succeeded without the combined expertise of these ____24____ groups. Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen ___25___; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment. It’s a model for how we should ____26____ solutions that encourage innovation and transform the world. That’s why I’m so passionate about the CES network — it’s right there in the name: Cooperative Ecosystem Studies. Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress. Through partnerships, improvements emerge that might ____27____ remain difficult to achieve. For example, a project highlight I’m currently writing looks at the cooperation between University of Oregon researchers and the Park Service to study the cultural landscape of Carlsbad Caverns. When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team ____28____ hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation. But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved ____29____. One key moment came when the team faced the ____30____ of a worsening historic wooden staircase, which had become a habitat for microorganisms. Without precautions(预防措施,), disturbing the structure could have ____31____ the cave’s delicate ecosystem. Before removing it, the microbiologist proposed covering the staircase to ____32____ unintended harm. After the successful relocation, the team proposed using projected images to illustrate its former ____33____, enabling visitors to appreciate its historical significance. This cooperation — combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation — safeguarded both the cave’s ecological ____34____ and historical significance. The result is an approach that ____35____ environmental conservation and cultural preservation, ensuring the long-term protection of our national parks. Too often, scientific research operates separately. But real progress doesn’t come from opposition; it comes from cooperation. 21. A. in time B. under discussion C. for good D. in isolation 22. A. difference B. change C. sum D. management 23. A. respective B. deserted C. transitional D. shared 24. A. diverse B. educational C. foreign D. regional 25. A. slowly B. alongside C. overnight D. properly 26. A. unlock B. skip C. interpret D. classify 27. A. similarly B. otherwise C. altogether D. eventually 28. A. consequently B. regretfully C. fortunately D. initially 29. A. unrealistic B. invaluable C. misleading D. conventional 30. A. establishment B. decoration C. removal D. coverage 31. A. sustained B. replaced C. reformed D. ruined 32. A. cause B. mask C. prevent D. suffer 33. A. presence B. expression C. pollution D. strategy 34. A. supervision B. integrity C. guidance D. occupation 35. A. accesses B. balances C. evaluates D. traces 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章强调科学进步依赖合作而非孤立，以本土植物中心和洞穴保护项目为例，说明跨领域协作能创造更大价值，实现生态与文化保护的平衡。 【21题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：进步并非孤立发生；它是合作推动的。A. in time及时；B. under discussion讨论中；C. for good永远；D. in isolation孤立地。根据“it’s fueled by cooperation”和下文“Like a music band where every instrument plays its part, scientists from different backgrounds harmonize their expertise (专门技术) to create something greater than the 　2　 of its parts.(就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。)”可知，只有相互合作，才能取得进步，所以进步并非是孤立发生的。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一支乐队，每种乐器各司其职，来自不同背景的科学家协调他们的专业知识，创造出比各部分总和更伟大的东西。A. difference不同；B. change变化；C. sum总和；D. management管理。根据第1小题可知，合作可以推动进步的产生，所以乐队通过各个乐器的合作配合演奏出的乐曲，要胜于单个乐器的简单相加；同样，来自不同背景的科学家协调融合他们的专业知识所创造出来的东西，也要比单个知识简单相加的总和更伟大。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的共同使命？A. respective各自的、分别的；B. deserted荒废的；C. transitional过渡的；D. shared共同的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，这里是问的这些聚集着共同的使命。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有这些不同群体的综合专业知识，它就不会成功。A. diverse不同的、各种各样的；B. educational教育的；C. foreign外国的；D. regional区域的。根据上文“This initiative brings together local governments, tribal communities, academic institutions, and private landowners.(这一倡议将地方政府、部落社区、学术机构以及私人土地所有者聚集在一起。)”可知，成功依赖于这些不同群体的综合的专业知识。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的。A. slowly缓慢地；B. alongside在旁边；C. overnight一夜之间；D. properly适当地、正确地。根据下文“they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”可知，大规模的保护工作是一个长期的过程，所以不是一夜之间就能完成的。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个为我们提供应该如何解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方案的范例。A. unlock解锁；B. skip跳过、略过；C. interpret解释；D. classify分类。根据上文“Each contributes something essential, proving that large-scale conservation efforts don’t happen 　　5　　; they require long-term investment, cooperation, and commitment.(每一个都贡献了一些必不可少的东西，证明了大规模的保护工作不是一夜之间就能完成的；它们需要长期的投资、合作以及承诺。)”和本句中的“innovation and transform”可知，大规模的保护工作需要长期的投资、合作和承诺才能实现，这为如何能找到并实施——即解锁鼓励创新和改变世界的解决方法提供了范例。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过合作，可以产生进步，否则这些进步可能难以实现。A. similarly相似地；B. otherwise否则；C. altogether总共；D. eventually最终。根据上文“Exchanging knowledge and expertise is the foundation of scientific progress.(知识交流与专业互鉴是科学进步的基础。)”可知，相互合作是取得科学进步的基础，否则难以取得进步。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。A. consequently因此、结果；B. regretfully遗憾地、懊悔地；C. fortunately幸运地；D. initially开始、最初。根据下文“But once involved, the microbiologist’s advice proved 　9　.(但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。)”可知，大学团队应该一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，直到参与其中才发现引进的微生物学家建议的宝贵。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但一旦参与其中，这位微生物学家的建议就被证明是非常宝贵的。A. unrealistic不切实际的；B. invaluable极宝贵的、无价的；C. misleading误导的；D. conventional惯例的。根据上文“When the Service suggested bringing in a cave microbiologist, the university team 　8　 hadn’t considered the role of microscopic life in preservation.(当公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队最初并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用。)”可知，两句之间为转折关系，说明公园管理局建议引进洞穴微生物学家时，大学团队一开始并没有考虑到微生物在保护中的作用，但是当微生物学家参与其中后，他所提出的建议应该被证明是非常有效、非常宝贵的。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个关键时刻到来了，团队面临着拆除一座日益恶化的历史木楼梯的问题，该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地。A. establishment建立；B. decoration装饰；C. removal移走、清除；D. coverage覆盖、新闻报道。根据下文的“Before removing it,(在拆除它之前)”可知，团队面临的应该是要拆除一座历史木楼梯的问题。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果没有预防措施，扰乱结构可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。A. sustained维持；B. replaced代替；C. reformed改革；D. ruined毁坏、破坏。根据上文的“which had become a habitat for microorganisms(该楼梯已成为微生物的栖息地)”和常识可知，如果没有预防措施，拆除一座日益恶化的、已成为微生物栖息地的历史木楼梯，扰乱了楼梯的结构，很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拆除它之前，微生物学家建议覆盖楼梯以防止意外伤害。A. cause引起；B. mask掩饰、遮盖；C. prevent阻止、防止；D. suffer遭受。根据第11小题和常识可知，如果不采取预防措施，那么扰乱楼梯结构就很可能会破坏洞穴脆弱的生态系统，所以在拆除前覆盖楼梯，是为了防止意外的伤害。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功搬迁后，团队建议用投影图像来展示其昔日的存在，让游客领略其历史意义。A. presence存在；B. expression表达；C. pollution污染；D. strategy策略。根据句中的“relocation”和“projected images”可知，历史木楼梯已经成功搬走，所以根据团队建议，游客们只能通过投影图像来看到它昔日存在时的全貌。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。A. supervision监督、管理；B. integrity完整性；C. guidance指导；D. occupation职业、占用。根据第11、12小题和上文的“After the successful relocation”可知，历史木楼梯被成功搬迁，并未破坏洞穴的生态系统，所以保障了它的完整性。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法，确保我们国家公园的长期保护。A. accesses接近、进入；B. balances平衡；C. evaluates评估；D. traces追踪。根据上文“This cooperation—combining scientific expertise with cultural preservation—safeguarded both the cave’s ecological 　14　 and historical significance.(这种合作将科学专业知识与文化遗产保护结合起来，保障了洞穴的生态完整性和历史意义。)”可知，这种合作既保护了文化遗产，又保护了生态环境，是一种平衡环境保护和文化保护的方法。故选B。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $