专题12 高频考点：特殊句式（复习讲义）（江苏专用）2027年春季高考英语

专题12 高频考点：特殊句式 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：强调句（重点） 3 考点二：倒装句（重点） 5 考点三：省略、there be与虚拟语气（重点） 6 考点四：祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 特殊句式是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语语法填空与单项填空的常考点。近五年江苏合格考中，特殊句式考查集中在强调句与倒装句的辨认和运用，以及省略、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句的基本用法。合格考命题强调在真实语境中运用基础语法，话题多涉及科技创新、健康生活、校园活动与文化传承等。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 强调句与倒装句 5年2考 It is/was...that/who...强调句；not...until的强调；否定词提前与only+状语提前的部分倒装 预测2026年在单项填空、语法填空中考查强调句与倒装句 省略、there be与交际句式 5年3考 状语从句的省略；there be句型的时态与主谓一致；祈使句、感叹句和情景交际用语 预测2026年在单项填空与完形填空中考查祈使句与日常交际用语 特殊句式是与基本句型相对而言的，主要包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句等。它们并不改变句子的基本信息，而是通过调整语序、增删成分使表达更有力、更简洁或更符合交际习惯。合格考主要考查这些句式的辨认与基本运用，其中强调句的判定和倒装的触发条件是最常见的考查点。 知识点1 强调句 强调句用来突出句子的某一成分，最基本的结构是It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。 ①基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分。被强调部分指人时可用who，其余情况一律用that，且that或who都不能省略。It was my English teacher that/who helped me a lot. ②强调句的判定方法 去掉It is/was和that后，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的句子，即为强调句。It was in 2024 that our school held its first science festival.（去掉后为Our school held its first science festival in 2024.） ③not...until的强调 not...until结构被强调时用It is/was not until...that...，that不能用when代替。It was not until midnight that he finished his science report. ④疑问形式与注意事项 一般疑问句为Is/Was it...that...?；特殊疑问句为疑问词 + is/was it that...?。被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，其后仍用that，不用when或where。 知识点2 倒装句 倒装句指谓语或谓语的一部分提到主语之前。全部谓语置于主语之前叫完全倒装，只把助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前叫部分倒装。 ①here / there引导的完全倒装 Here comes the bus. / There goes the bell. 注意：主语是人称代词时不倒装，应说Here you are. / There he comes. ②否定词置于句首的部分倒装 never、hardly、seldom、little、not only、neither、nor等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Never have I seen such a beautiful paper-cutting exhibition. / Not only did he come, but he also stayed to help. ③so / neither / nor引导的倒装 “So + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也一样”；“Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”。He likes reading, and so do I. / She can't swim, and neither can her brother. ④only + 状语置于句首的部分倒装 only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）并置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem. / Only when the rain stopped did he go out. 知识点3 省略、there be句型与其他特殊句式 ①状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it，且从句中含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。When (he was) asked about it, he said nothing. / While (I was) reading, I heard a knock at the door. ②there be句型 there be表示“某处有某物”，be动词与后面最近的名词保持数的一致；there be还可与情态动词、seem to、used to等连用。There are many students in the reading room. / There must be something wrong with the machine. ③祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you，否定式为Don't + 动词原形；感叹句用What + 名词短语或How + 形容词/副词；反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”。Open the window, please. / What a wonderful performance it is! / You are a student, aren't you? 必记结论：强调句的基本结构是It is/was...that/who...，去掉It is/was和that后句子依然完整；被强调部分是时间或地点状语时仍用that，不能用when、where；否定词或only+状语置于句首时用部分倒装；here、there置于句首且主语为名词时用完全倒装，主语为代词时不倒装；there be句型中be动词与最近的主语保持数的一致；祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 强调句与其他从句混淆：判定方法是去掉It is/was和that看句子是否完整。It was in the park that I met him.（强调句）/ It was the park where I met him.（定语从句）。 ❌ 倒装误用：here、there置于句首时，若主语是人称代词则不能倒装，应说Here you are.，不能说Here are you.。 ❌ 反意疑问句前后不一致：应遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”；主句为I think/believe + that从句时，附加问句与从句的主语和谓语保持一致，如I think he is right, isn't he?。 · 考点一 强调句 例1It was my English teacher ______ helped me a lot with my spoken English. 例2It was not until midnight ______ he finished his science report. 解题策略 1.还原判定法去掉It is/was和that后句子仍然完整，即为强调句，否则就是其他从句。 2.that优先法被强调部分指人时可用that或who，指物、时间、地点时一律用that。 3.not...until法not...until的强调句结构为It is/was not until...that...，不能用when。 · 强调句考点总结 项目 用法要点 基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分 被强调部分指人 可用that或who 被强调部分指物/时间/地点 一律用that，不能用which、when、where not...until的强调 It is/was not until...that... 【变式训练1·基础巩固】It was in the school library ______ I first met my best friend. 【变式训练2·能力提升】It is not until we lose our health ______ we realize how important it is. · 考点二 倒装句 例1Never ______ I seen such a wonderful paper-cutting exhibition before. 例2______ in this way can we protect our traditional culture better. 解题策略 1.否定词提示法never、hardly、seldom、little、not only、neither、nor置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 2.only状语提示法only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 3.主语性质法here、there置于句首时，主语是名词用完全倒装，主语是人称代词则不倒装。 · 倒装句考点总结 结构 使用条件 示例 Here / There + 谓语 + 主语 主语为名词时用完全倒装 Here comes the bus. Never / Hardly / Seldom … + 助动词 + 主语 否定词置于句首，部分倒装 Never have I seen such a sight. So / Neither / Nor + 助动词 + 主语 表示“也一样”或“也不” He likes music, and so do I. Only + 状语 + 助动词 + 主语 only修饰状语并置于句首 Only then did he know the truth. 否定词在句中（不倒装） 语序正常 I have never seen such a sight. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】______ comes the bus! Let's get on it quickly. 【变式训练2·能力提升】He didn't finish his homework, and ______ did his deskmate. · 考点三 省略、there be句型与虚拟语气 例1When ______ (ask) about the secret of success, the young scientist smiled and said, "Keep trying." 例2If I ______ (be) you, I would take part in the speech contest. 解题策略 1.省略判定法状语从句主语与主句一致或从句主语为it，且从句含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be。 2.there be一致法there be句型中be动词与后面最近的名词保持数的一致，如There is a book and two pens on the desk. 3.虚拟过去式法与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句用过去式（be用were），主句用would/could/might + 动词原形。 · 省略、there be与虚拟语气考点总结 句式 使用要点 示例 状语从句的省略 主语一致且含be时可省略主语和be When (he was) asked, he said nothing. there be句型 be与最近的名词保持数的一致 There is a pen and two books on the desk. there be的扩展 可与情态动词、seem to连用 There must be something wrong. 虚拟条件句（与现在相反） 从句用过去式，be用were If I were you, I would try again. 虚拟条件句（与过去相反） 从句用had done，主句用would have done If he had come, we would have won. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】While ______ (wait) for the bus, I read an article about Chinese tea culture. 【变式训练2·能力提升】There ______ (be) a lot of useful information about healthy eating on the school website. · 考点四 祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 例1______ (Turn) off the lights before you leave the lab, please. 例2______ wonderful the Chinese paper-cutting is! It looks like a real flower. 解题策略 1.祈使句判断法句子以动词原形开头、表达请求或命令时用祈使句，主语you被省略；否定祈使句用Don't开头。 2.感叹句判断法What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语；How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，选择依据是看感叹的中心词是名词还是形容词、副词。 3.反意疑问句法前肯后否、前否后肯；主句为I think/believe + that从句时，附加问句与从句的主语和谓语保持一致。 · 祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句考点总结 句式 使用要点 示例 祈使句（肯定） 以动词原形开头，省略主语you Open the window, please. 祈使句（否定） Don't + 动词原形 Don't be late again. What感叹句 What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语 What a clever boy he is! How感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 How fast he runs! 反意疑问句 前肯后否、前否后肯 You are a student, aren't you? 祈使句的反意疑问 附加问句用will you或won't you Come here, will you? 【变式训练1·基础巩固】______ (not be) afraid of making mistakes when you speak English. 【变式训练2·能力提升】______ a beautiful city Nanjing is! I hope to visit it again. 一、单句语法填空 1. It was in 2024 ______ our school held its first science and technology festival. 2. It was my deskmate ______ helped me carry all the books to the classroom. 3. It was not until 10 p.m. ______ he finished his science homework. 4. Never ______ I heard such an interesting story about the Great Wall. 5. Hardly ______ he arrived at the station when the train left. 6. ______ in this way can we improve our spoken English quickly. 7. Here ______ (come) the bus; let's get on it. 8. He likes playing basketball, and so ______ his brother. 9. She has never been abroad, and ______ has her sister. 10. When ______ (ask) why he chose teaching, he said he loved children. 11. While ______ (read) in the library, I found an interesting book on Chinese tea. 12. There ______ (be) two new libraries and a gym in our school. 13. If I ______ (be) you, I would join the English club. 14. If I had more free time, I ______ (read) more books about Chinese history. 15. ______ (Turn) down the music, please. Your sister is sleeping. 16. ______ beautiful the traditional Chinese lanterns are! 17. ______ a wonderful performance the students gave last night! 18. You haven't finished your homework, ______ you? 二、语法填空 Last Friday our school held a science and technology festival. 1. There ______ (be) over 800 students and teachers on the playground that morning. 2. ______ was our headmaster who gave a speech at the opening ceremony. "3. ______ (not be) afraid to ask questions," he said. "4. ______ wonderful it is to see young people thinking freely!" During the festival, 5. ______ did the students show their inventions but they also explained the science behind them. Never 6. ______ I seen so many clever ideas in one morning. One team even designed a small robot 7. ______ could pick up rubbish on the campus. 8. ______ I were a member of that team, I would be very proud. 9. ______ waiting for the results, we talked about our favourite inventions. "10. ______ in this way can we turn our ideas into real things," said one student. 三、真题演练 1.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）— May I use your dictionary? I'm stuck in the sentence. — It's just on my desk. ______ A. Got it B. My pleasure C. Help yourself D. Come to power 2.（2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）Tang shouted in that direction, but there 37 ______ (be) no response. 3.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. 该句属于何种句式？ A. 祈使句 B. 感叹句 C. 反意疑问句 D. 强调句 4.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）It doesn't have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long. 后半句nor does it have to be for that long属于何种句式？ A. 强调句 B. 部分倒装 C. 全部倒装 D. 虚拟语气 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 高频考点：特殊句式 内容导航 命题分析与考情透视 1 知识网络梳理 2 考核心考点精讲 3 考点一：强调句（重点） 3 考点二：倒装句（重点） 5 考点三：省略、there be与虚拟语气（重点） 6 考点四：祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 7 实战演练 8 考试要求 特殊句式是江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语语法填空与单项填空的常考点。近五年江苏合格考中，特殊句式考查集中在强调句与倒装句的辨认和运用，以及省略、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句的基本用法。合格考命题强调在真实语境中运用基础语法，话题多涉及科技创新、健康生活、校园活动与文化传承等。 命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 强调句与倒装句 5年2考 It is/was...that/who...强调句；not...until的强调；否定词提前与only+状语提前的部分倒装 预测2026年在单项填空、语法填空中考查强调句与倒装句 省略、there be与交际句式 5年3考 状语从句的省略；there be句型的时态与主谓一致；祈使句、感叹句和情景交际用语 预测2026年在单项填空与完形填空中考查祈使句与日常交际用语 特殊句式是与基本句型相对而言的，主要包括强调句、倒装句、省略句、there be句型、祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句等。它们并不改变句子的基本信息，而是通过调整语序、增删成分使表达更有力、更简洁或更符合交际习惯。合格考主要考查这些句式的辨认与基本运用，其中强调句的判定和倒装的触发条件是最常见的考查点。 知识点1 强调句 强调句用来突出句子的某一成分，最基本的结构是It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。 ①基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分。被强调部分指人时可用who，其余情况一律用that，且that或who都不能省略。It was my English teacher that/who helped me a lot. ②强调句的判定方法 去掉It is/was和that后，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的句子，即为强调句。It was in 2024 that our school held its first science festival.（去掉后为Our school held its first science festival in 2024.） ③not...until的强调 not...until结构被强调时用It is/was not until...that...，that不能用when代替。It was not until midnight that he finished his science report. ④疑问形式与注意事项 一般疑问句为Is/Was it...that...?；特殊疑问句为疑问词 + is/was it that...?。被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，其后仍用that，不用when或where。 知识点2 倒装句 倒装句指谓语或谓语的一部分提到主语之前。全部谓语置于主语之前叫完全倒装，只把助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前叫部分倒装。 ①here / there引导的完全倒装 Here comes the bus. / There goes the bell. 注意：主语是人称代词时不倒装，应说Here you are. / There he comes. ②否定词置于句首的部分倒装 never、hardly、seldom、little、not only、neither、nor等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Never have I seen such a beautiful paper-cutting exhibition. / Not only did he come, but he also stayed to help. ③so / neither / nor引导的倒装 “So + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也一样”；“Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”。He likes reading, and so do I. / She can't swim, and neither can her brother. ④only + 状语置于句首的部分倒装 only修饰状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）并置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Only in this way can we solve the problem. / Only when the rain stopped did he go out. 知识点3 省略、there be句型与其他特殊句式 ①状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语为it，且从句中含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。When (he was) asked about it, he said nothing. / While (I was) reading, I heard a knock at the door. ②there be句型 there be表示“某处有某物”，be动词与后面最近的名词保持数的一致；there be还可与情态动词、seem to、used to等连用。There are many students in the reading room. / There must be something wrong with the machine. ③祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you，否定式为Don't + 动词原形；感叹句用What + 名词短语或How + 形容词/副词；反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”。Open the window, please. / What a wonderful performance it is! / You are a student, aren't you? 必记结论：强调句的基本结构是It is/was...that/who...，去掉It is/was和that后句子依然完整；被强调部分是时间或地点状语时仍用that，不能用when、where；否定词或only+状语置于句首时用部分倒装；here、there置于句首且主语为名词时用完全倒装，主语为代词时不倒装；there be句型中be动词与最近的主语保持数的一致；祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you。 ⚠️避坑指南 ❌ 强调句与其他从句混淆：判定方法是去掉It is/was和that看句子是否完整。It was in the park that I met him.（强调句）/ It was the park where I met him.（定语从句）。 ❌ 倒装误用：here、there置于句首时，若主语是人称代词则不能倒装，应说Here you are.，不能说Here are you.。 ❌ 反意疑问句前后不一致：应遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”；主句为I think/believe + that从句时，附加问句与从句的主语和谓语保持一致，如I think he is right, isn't he?。 · 考点一 强调句 例1It was my English teacher ______ helped me a lot with my spoken English. 【答案】that / who 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是我的英语老师在我的英语口语方面帮了我很多。此处强调主语my English teacher，指人，应用that或who，故填that/who。 例2It was not until midnight ______ he finished his science report. 【答案】that 【解析】考查not...until的强调句。句意：直到午夜他才完成科学报告。not...until的强调句结构为It is/was not until...that...，故填that。 解题策略 1.还原判定法去掉It is/was和that后句子仍然完整，即为强调句，否则就是其他从句。 2.that优先法被强调部分指人时可用that或who，指物、时间、地点时一律用that。 3.not...until法not...until的强调句结构为It is/was not until...that...，不能用when。 · 强调句考点总结 项目 用法要点 基本结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分 被强调部分指人 可用that或who 被强调部分指物/时间/地点 一律用that，不能用which、when、where not...until的强调 It is/was not until...that... 【变式训练1·基础巩固】It was in the school library ______ I first met my best friend. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在学校图书馆里，我第一次遇到了我最好的朋友。此处强调地点状语in the school library，应用that，不能用where，故填that。 【变式训练2·能力提升】It is not until we lose our health ______ we realize how important it is. 【答案】that 【解析】考查not...until的强调句。句意：直到失去健康，我们才意识到健康有多么重要。not...until的强调句结构为It is/was not until...that...，故填that。 · 考点二 倒装句 例1Never ______ I seen such a wonderful paper-cutting exhibition before. 【答案】have 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：我以前从未看过如此精彩的剪纸展览。否定词Never置于句首时，句子用部分倒装，需借助助动词have构成现在完成时，故填have。 例2______ in this way can we protect our traditional culture better. 【答案】Only 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：只有用这种方式，我们才能更好地保护传统文化。only + 介词短语in this way置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，故填Only。 解题策略 1.否定词提示法never、hardly、seldom、little、not only、neither、nor置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 2.only状语提示法only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 3.主语性质法here、there置于句首时，主语是名词用完全倒装，主语是人称代词则不倒装。 · 倒装句考点总结 结构 使用条件 示例 Here / There + 谓语 + 主语 主语为名词时用完全倒装 Here comes the bus. Never / Hardly / Seldom … + 助动词 + 主语 否定词置于句首，部分倒装 Never have I seen such a sight. So / Neither / Nor + 助动词 + 主语 表示“也一样”或“也不” He likes music, and so do I. Only + 状语 + 助动词 + 主语 only修饰状语并置于句首 Only then did he know the truth. 否定词在句中（不倒装） 语序正常 I have never seen such a sight. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】______ comes the bus! Let's get on it quickly. 【答案】Here 【解析】考查完全倒装。句意：公交车来了！我们快上车吧。here置于句首且主语the bus为名词，句子用完全倒装，句首首字母大写，故填Here。 【变式训练2·能力提升】He didn't finish his homework, and ______ did his deskmate. 【答案】neither / nor 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：他没有完成作业，他的同桌也没有。表示“……也不”时用neither或nor + 助动词 + 主语，故填neither/nor。 · 考点三 省略、there be句型与虚拟语气 例1When ______ (ask) about the secret of success, the young scientist smiled and said, "Keep trying." 【答案】asked 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及成功的秘诀时，那位年轻科学家笑着说：“不断尝试。”When引导的时间状语从句中，主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，完整形式为When he was asked，可省略主语和be，故填asked。 例2If I ______ (be) you, I would take part in the speech contest. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我就会参加演讲比赛。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语用动词过去式，be动词一律用were，故填were。 解题策略 1.省略判定法状语从句主语与主句一致或从句主语为it，且从句含be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be。 2.there be一致法there be句型中be动词与后面最近的名词保持数的一致，如There is a book and two pens on the desk. 3.虚拟过去式法与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句用过去式（be用were），主句用would/could/might + 动词原形。 · 省略、there be与虚拟语气考点总结 句式 使用要点 示例 状语从句的省略 主语一致且含be时可省略主语和be When (he was) asked, he said nothing. there be句型 be与最近的名词保持数的一致 There is a pen and two books on the desk. there be的扩展 可与情态动词、seem to连用 There must be something wrong. 虚拟条件句（与现在相反） 从句用过去式，be用were If I were you, I would try again. 虚拟条件句（与过去相反） 从句用had done，主句用would have done If he had come, we would have won. 【变式训练1·基础巩固】While ______ (wait) for the bus, I read an article about Chinese tea culture. 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：等公交车时，我读了一篇关于中国茶文化的文章。While引导的时间状语从句中，主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，完整形式为While I was waiting，可省略主语和be，故填waiting。 【变式训练2·能力提升】There ______ (be) a lot of useful information about healthy eating on the school website. 【答案】is 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：学校网站上有许多关于健康饮食的有用信息。there be句型中be动词与最近的名词information保持数的一致，information为不可数名词，故填is。 · 考点四 祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句 例1______ (Turn) off the lights before you leave the lab, please. 【答案】Turn 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：离开实验室前请关灯。祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you，句首首字母大写，故填Turn。 例2______ wonderful the Chinese paper-cutting is! It looks like a real flower. 【答案】How 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：中国剪纸多么精美啊！它看起来像一朵真花。感叹句结构为How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，此处wonderful为形容词，故填How。 解题策略 1.祈使句判断法句子以动词原形开头、表达请求或命令时用祈使句，主语you被省略；否定祈使句用Don't开头。 2.感叹句判断法What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语；How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，选择依据是看感叹的中心词是名词还是形容词、副词。 3.反意疑问句法前肯后否、前否后肯；主句为I think/believe + that从句时，附加问句与从句的主语和谓语保持一致。 · 祈使句、感叹句与反意疑问句考点总结 句式 使用要点 示例 祈使句（肯定） 以动词原形开头，省略主语you Open the window, please. 祈使句（否定） Don't + 动词原形 Don't be late again. What感叹句 What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语 What a clever boy he is! How感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 How fast he runs! 反意疑问句 前肯后否、前否后肯 You are a student, aren't you? 祈使句的反意疑问 附加问句用will you或won't you Come here, will you? 【变式训练1·基础巩固】______ (not be) afraid of making mistakes when you speak English. 【答案】Don't be 【解析】考查否定祈使句。句意：说英语时不要害怕犯错误。否定祈使句用Don't + 动词原形，be动词用原形be，句首首字母大写，故填Don't be。 【变式训练2·能力提升】______ a beautiful city Nanjing is! I hope to visit it again. 【答案】What 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：南京是一座多么美丽的城市啊！我希望再去游览一次。感叹句结构为What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语，中心词为名词city，故填What。 一、单句语法填空 1. It was in 2024 ______ our school held its first science and technology festival. 【答案】that 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在2024年，我们学校举办了第一届科技节。此处强调时间状语in 2024，应用that，不能用when，故填that。 2. It was my deskmate ______ helped me carry all the books to the classroom. 【答案】that / who 【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是我的同桌帮我把所有的书搬到了教室。此处强调主语my deskmate，指人，应用that或who，故填that/who。 3. It was not until 10 p.m. ______ he finished his science homework. 【答案】that 【解析】考查not...until的强调句。句意：直到晚上十点他才完成科学作业。not...until的强调句结构为It was not until...that...，故填that。 4. Never ______ I heard such an interesting story about the Great Wall. 【答案】have 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：我从未听过关于长城如此有趣的故事。否定词Never置于句首时用部分倒装，需借助助动词have构成现在完成时，故填have。 5. Hardly ______ he arrived at the station when the train left. 【答案】had 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：他刚到车站，火车就开走了。hardly...when意为“一……就……”，hardly置于句首时用部分倒装，主句用过去完成时，故填had。 6. ______ in this way can we improve our spoken English quickly. 【答案】Only 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：只有用这种方法，我们才能迅速提高英语口语。only + 介词短语in this way置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，句首首字母大写，故填Only。 7. Here ______ (come) the bus; let's get on it. 【答案】comes 【解析】考查完全倒装。句意：公交车来了，我们上车吧。here置于句首且主语the bus为名词，句子用完全倒装，谓语与主语保持数的一致，故填comes。 8. He likes playing basketball, and so ______ his brother. 【答案】does 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：他喜欢打篮球，他弟弟也喜欢。“so + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也一样”，此处用一般现在时的助动词does，故填does。 9. She has never been abroad, and ______ has her sister. 【答案】neither / nor 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：她从未出过国，她姐姐也没有。“neither/nor + 助动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，故填neither/nor。 10. When ______ (ask) why he chose teaching, he said he loved children. 【答案】asked 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当被问及为何选择教书时，他说他喜欢孩子。When引导的时间状语从句中，主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，完整形式为When he was asked，可省略主语和be，故填asked。 11. While ______ (read) in the library, I found an interesting book on Chinese tea. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在图书馆阅读时，我发现了一本关于中国茶的有趣的书。While引导的时间状语从句完整形式为While I was reading，可省略主语和be，故填reading。 12. There ______ (be) two new libraries and a gym in our school. 【答案】are 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：我们学校有两座新图书馆和一个体育馆。there be句型中be动词与最近的名词two new libraries保持数的一致，故填are。 13. If I ______ (be) you, I would join the English club. 【答案】were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我就会加入英语俱乐部。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were，故填were。 14. If I had more free time, I ______ (read) more books about Chinese history. 【答案】would read 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有更多的空闲时间，我会读更多关于中国历史的书。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，主句用would + 动词原形，故填would read。 15. ______ (Turn) down the music, please. Your sister is sleeping. 【答案】Turn 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：请把音乐关小一点，你妹妹正在睡觉。祈使句以动词原形开头，省略主语you，句首首字母大写，故填Turn。 16. ______ beautiful the traditional Chinese lanterns are! 【答案】How 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：这些中国传统灯笼多么漂亮啊！感叹句结构为How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语，故填How。 17. ______ a wonderful performance the students gave last night! 【答案】What 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：昨晚学生们献上了一场多么精彩的演出啊！感叹句结构为What + a + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语，故填What。 18. You haven't finished your homework, ______ you? 【答案】have 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：你还没完成作业，是吗？前句为否定式，附加问句应用肯定式，且与hasn't保持一致，故填have。 二、语法填空 Last Friday our school held a science and technology festival. 1. There ______ (be) over 800 students and teachers on the playground that morning. 2. ______ was our headmaster who gave a speech at the opening ceremony. "3. ______ (not be) afraid to ask questions," he said. "4. ______ wonderful it is to see young people thinking freely!" During the festival, 5. ______ did the students show their inventions but they also explained the science behind them. Never 6. ______ I seen so many clever ideas in one morning. One team even designed a small robot 7. ______ could pick up rubbish on the campus. 8. ______ I were a member of that team, I would be very proud. 9. ______ waiting for the results, we talked about our favourite inventions. "10. ______ in this way can we turn our ideas into real things," said one student. 【答案】1. were 2. It 3. Don't be 4. How 5. Not only 6. have 7. that / which 8. If 9. While 10. Only 【解析】 1. 考查there be句型。句意：上周五我校举办了科技节。那天早上操场上有800多名师生。there be句型中be动词与最近的名词students保持数的一致，且动作发生在过去，故填were。 2. 考查强调句。句意：在开幕式上讲话的正是我们的校长。此处强调主语our headmaster，构成It was...who...的强调句结构，句首首字母大写，故填It。 3. 考查否定祈使句。句意：“不要害怕提问，”他说。否定祈使句用Don't + 动词原形，be动词用原形be，句首首字母大写，故填Don't be。 4. 考查感叹句。句意：看到年轻人自由地思考是多么美好啊！感叹句结构为How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语，故填How。 5. 考查部分倒装。句意：在科技节期间，学生们不仅展示了他们的发明，还解释了其中的科学原理。not only置于句首时用部分倒装，与后面的but also呼应，句首首字母大写，故填Not only。 6. 考查部分倒装。句意：我从未在一个上午见过这么多聪明的点子。否定词Never置于句首时用部分倒装，需借助助动词have构成现在完成时，故填have。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：有一个小组甚至设计了一台能在校园里捡垃圾的小机器人。先行词a small robot指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which，故填that/which。 8. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是那个小组的成员，我会非常自豪。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句谓语用过去式，be动词一律用were，句首首字母大写，故填If。 9. 考查状语从句中的省略。句意：在等待结果时，我们谈论着各自最喜欢的发明。While引导的时间状语从句完整形式为While we were waiting，可省略主语和be，句首首字母大写，故填While。 10. 考查部分倒装。句意：一名学生说：“只有用这种方式，我们才能把想法变成现实。”only + 介词短语in this way置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，句首首字母大写，故填Only。 三、真题演练 1.（2022·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·单项填空）— May I use your dictionary? I'm stuck in the sentence. — It's just on my desk. ______ A. Got it B. My pleasure C. Help yourself D. Come to power 【答案】C 【解析】考查情景交际（省略句式）。句意：——我可以用一下你的词典吗？我被这个句子难住了。——它就在我桌子上。请自便。Help yourself意为“请自便”，符合语境；Got it意为“明白了”，My pleasure意为“别客气”，Come to power意为“上台执政”，均不合交际语境，故选C。 2.（2023·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语）Tang shouted in that direction, but there 37 ______ (be) no response. 【答案】was 【解析】考查there be句型。句意：唐朝着那个方向大喊，但没有回应。there be句型中be动词与最近的名词response保持数的一致，response为不可数名词单数，且全文叙述过去的事情，故填was。 3.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）Break the habit of looking through social media right before bedtime. 该句属于何种句式？ A. 祈使句 B. 感叹句 C. 反意疑问句 D. 强调句 【答案】A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：改掉睡前浏览社交媒体的习惯。该句以动词原形Break开头，省略了主语you，属于祈使句，故选A。 4.（改编自2025·江苏普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语·阅读理解·原文句）It doesn't have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long. 后半句nor does it have to be for that long属于何种句式？ A. 强调句 B. 部分倒装 C. 全部倒装 D. 虚拟语气 【答案】B 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：它不必很快，也不必持续那么久。nor置于句首时，句子用部分倒装，只把助动词does提到主语it之前，属于部分倒装，故选B。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $