学考专题15 完形填空：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题15 完形填空 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 题型特征 知识点二 答题策略 练|巩固提升训练 一、考情解读与命题规律 （一）题型基本特征 新高考完形填空共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分。短文长度约 250—300 词，体裁以记叙文为主，常夹叙夹议；选材多为校园生活、人际交往、个人成长、善意传递、亲情感恩等正能量主题，首句不设空，用以交代背景、奠定基调。 （二）考点分布规律 从近五年高考真题统计来看，完形填空的考点分布相对稳定：动词（含动词短语）约占 30%，名词约占 20%，形容词与副词约占 20%，连词与逻辑衔接词约占 15%，介词与固定搭配约占 10%，代词、情态动词等其他约占 5%。由此可见，词汇的语境辨析是主战场，逻辑衔接是拉分点。 （三）命题三大趋势 1. 轻语法、重语篇。单纯考查语法规则的题目逐年减少，更多题目必须依托上下文的情感线索、指代关系和复现信息才能作答。 2. 轻辨析、重逻辑。四个选项往往词性相同、词义相近，考生不能再靠"翻译代入"选答案，而要把握句间、段间的逻辑关系。 3. 轻细节、重主旨。文末通常有一句升华性的议论或感悟，该句既是命题点，也是考生回扣全文主旨的钥匙。 二、三步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住主旨（约 2—3 分钟） 拿到题目不要见空就填。先以正常语速通读全文，重点关注：首句交代的人物与场景；每段首尾句；but、however、so、therefore 等逻辑信号词；文末的升华句。读完后用一句话概括"谁、做了什么、结果如何、感悟是什么"。 第二步：逐空细读，先易后难（约 8—10 分钟） 按题号顺序作答，但遇到一时难以判断的空做标记后跳过。每答一空都要"瞻前顾后"——至少看空所在句的前一句与后一句，必要时回看前段或后段。优先做三类题：固定搭配、逻辑连词、原词复现。 第三步：复读验证，疏通逻辑（约 2—3 分钟） 把已选答案代入原文，再通读一遍。重点检查：时态、单复数、主谓一致是否一致；情感色彩是否与全文基调吻合；是否出现前后逻辑矛盾；跳过的难题此时借助全文线索往往迎刃而解。 三、五大高频考点分类突破 考点一：动词语境辨析（占比最高） 高考完形中的动词选项，往往四个词都"翻译得通"，区别在于谁最贴合语篇的动作链条与情感走向。解题钥匙：抓主语是谁、动作的对象是什么、上下文已有动词形成的动作链。 典型线索：原词复现（后文再次出现该动词或其同根词）、同义替换、反义对照（与前文动作形成转折或递进）。 考点二：名词与形容词辨析 名词题常考抽象名词，如 courage, trust, patience, challenge, connection, gift 等，答案往往出现在文末升华句中。形容词题则要把握全文情感色彩——是温暖、感动、紧张，还是释然、愧疚。 解题钥匙：首句定基调，尾句点主题；所选形容词必须与全文情感线索同向，不可仅凭单句翻译选词。 考点三：逻辑衔接词 这类题是必得分点，但每年都有考生因忽略句间关系而失分。常见逻辑信号如下： 转折：but, however, instead, yet, though, nevertheless； 因果：so, therefore, thus, as a result, because, since； 递进/并列：besides, moreover, also, meanwhile, and； 例证：for example, such as, in fact。 判断方法：把空格前后两句的中文意思在心里过一遍，问自己"这两句是同向还是反向？"——反向选转折，同向有因果选 so/therefore，同向有并列选 besides/meanwhile。 考点四：固定搭配与动词短语 高考高频短语集中在：look 系列（look up to, look back on, look out）、take 系列（take up, take on, take in, take after）、make 系列（make up, make out, make it）、come 系列（come across, come up with, come about）、set 系列（set up, set off, set aside）等。 解题钥匙：搭配题不靠语感靠积累，平时要把短语放入例句中记忆，特别注意一词多义的高频短语，如 take in 可表示"吸收、理解、欺骗、收留"。 考点五：生活常识与情感态度 少数题目考查西方文化背景或基本生活常识，如雨天路滑、医院挂号、图书馆借书、生日礼物等。这类题不需要复杂语法，需要考生站在主人公的角度体会其情感：害羞、感动、犹豫、释然、坚定。 四、抢分技巧与六大避坑指南 （一）五大抢分技巧 1. 原词复现法：正确选项往往在下文以原词、同义词或同根词形式再次出现。空格前后找线索词是最快路径。 2. 反义对照法：出现 but, however, instead 时，空格处的词应与前文某词构成反义或对比。 3. 情感一致法：全文情感基调一旦确定（温暖/悲伤/励志），所选形容词、副词必须与基调同向。 4. 主旨回扣法：文末升华句通常是 1—2 个空的答案来源，读不懂主旨时回看最后一句。 5. 先易后难法：固定搭配、逻辑连词、原词复现三类题先做，难题靠已填信息缩小选择范围。 （二）六大避坑提醒 1. 忌见空就填：不读全文直接填空，正确率往往低于 50%。 2. 忌中文思维：四个选项翻译成中文都通顺时，必须回到英文原句看搭配和主语。 3. 忌忽视后置暗示：答案可能在后段才出现，前面纠结的空不要急于敲定。 4. 忌因熟选答：看似最熟悉的短语往往是命题人设下的陷阱，必须代入原句验证。 5. 忌忽略情感：叙事文中人物的情绪变化是一条暗线，形容词题必须贴合当下情绪。 6. 忌不复读：填完后不代入原文通读，时态、单复数、逻辑矛盾最容易在这一步被漏掉。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。本文为师生共读、个人成长主题，建议用时 12 分钟。 Daniel had just moved to town, and everything felt new and __1__. He walked into the school library on his first day, not knowing anyone. The librarian, Mrs. Lee, __2__ him a warm smile and pointed him to a chair by the window. Weeks passed, and Daniel __3__ spent his lunch breaks in the library, reading books no one else seemed to __4__. One afternoon, an old professor noticed him __5__ a thick, dusty book about ancient maps. "That's a __6__ copy," the professor said softly. "I haven't seen anyone __7__ it in years." Daniel's face turned red. He was afraid the professor would tell him to put the book back. __8__, the old man pulled a chair beside him and began to __9__ the stories hidden inside the maps. For the first time since he moved, Daniel felt someone was really __10__ him. By the end of the semester, Daniel had __11__ a small shelf of his favorite books in the library. Mrs. Lee even let him __12__ a "Book Lovers' Corner" where students could share what they read. Daniel was no longer the __13__ new kid in the corner. He had found a place where his quiet love of books was not a __14__ — it was a gift. Sometimes the most __15__ connections in life begin in a quiet corner, with an old book and a kind stranger. 1. A. exciting B. strange C. enjoyable D. typical 2. A. offered B. sold C. lent D. sent 3. A. seldom B. accidentally C. gradually D. still 4. A. talk about B. care about C. ask about D. learn about 5. A. reading B. writing C. collecting D. selling 6. A. cheap B. modern C. rare D. simple 7. A. protect B. open C. appreciate D. remember 8. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Besides 9. A. write B. draw C. share D. review 10. A. laughing at B. listening to C. waiting for D. calling on 11. A. built B. found C. lost D. chosen 12. A. give up B. set up C. look for D. take in 13. A. proud B. popular C. lonely D. nervous 14. A. problem B. mistake C. challenge D. habit 15. A. unusual B. obvious C. direct D. powerful 【答案】1—5: B A C B A 6—10: C C A C B 11—15: D B C A D 【解析】 1. B　strange。首句说 Daniel 刚搬到镇上，一切都是新的、陌生的，与后文 not knowing anyone 呼应。exciting 与 not knowing anyone 的孤独基调不符；enjoyable 与 typical 均偏离语境。 2. A　offered。offer sb. a smile 为固定搭配，意为"向某人微笑"。sold（卖）、lent（借）、sent（送）均不与 smile 搭配。 3. C　gradually。weeks passed 提示动作是渐进的：他渐渐地开始在图书馆度过午休。seldom（很少）与后文他爱读书矛盾；accidentally（偶然地）不能与 weeks passed 的时间轴呼应；still（仍然）需有前文对比。 4. B　care about。定语从句 no one else seemed to __4__ 修饰 books，指"别人都不在意的书"。care about 意为"在意、喜欢"。talk about（谈论）、ask about（询问）、learn about（了解）均不贴合"没人感兴趣去读"的语境。 5. A　reading。notice sb. doing sth.；宾语是 a thick, dusty book，自然是 reading。writing / collecting / selling 与后文教授谈论书的内容不符。 6. C　rare。教授说"那是珍本"，rare copy 为常用搭配，与后文 I haven't seen anyone __7__ it in years 呼应。cheap / modern / simple 均与"多年无人问津的旧书"语境不符。 7. C　appreciate。appreciate 意为"欣赏、赏识"，指多年没见有人真正欣赏这本珍本。protect（保护）、open（打开）、remember（记得）均不贴合教授对书的珍视语气。 8. A　Instead。前句：他害怕教授让他把书放回去。后句：老人拉了把椅子坐到他旁边。两句为"反向替代"关系，instead 意为"反而、相反"。therefore（因此）、otherwise（否则）、besides（此外）均不表转折替代。 9. C　share。share the stories 意为"分享故事"，与后文两人由此建立联系一致。write（写）、draw（画）、review（复习）均不符合老人主动与少年分享的动作。 10. B　listening to。for the first time…felt someone was really listening to him（他第一次感到有人真正在倾听他），与 share 构成连贯动作链。laughing at（嘲笑）、waiting for（等待）、calling on（号召）与温暖基调相反。 11. D　chosen。a small shelf of his favorite books 指他为图书馆挑选出的一小架子心爱的书。choose 强调"精选"；build（搭建）后一般不直接接 a shelf of books；found（发现）、lost（丢失）不合语境。 12. B　set up。set up a "Book Lovers' Corner" 意为"建立一个爱书角"，固定搭配。give up（放弃）、look for（寻找）、take in（吸收/收留）均不合。 13. C　lonely。与首段 not knowing anyone 首尾呼应：他不再是角落里孤独的新孩子。proud（骄傲的）、popular（受欢迎的）、nervous（紧张的）均与首段孤独的线索不构成反差。 14. A　problem。破折号后 it was a gift 与前文 not a __14__ 构成反义对照：不是问题，而是礼物。mistake（错误）、challenge（挑战）、habit（习惯）均不能与 gift 形成最佳反义对应。 15. D　powerful。文末升华句：人生中最有力的联系，往往从安静角落的一本旧书和一位友善陌生人开始。powerful 与 connection 搭配自然，呼应全文对"改变命运的相遇"的颂扬。unusual（不寻常的）虽通顺，但不如 powerful 贴合主旨升华。 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dr. Wang had __1__ in the mountain village for only two weeks when he met Grandma Liu. The road was muddy, the clinic was __2__, and most patients walked for hours to see him. He had __3__ whether he had made the right choice to leave the city hospital. One rainy afternoon, an old woman was __4__ into the clinic, holding her back. Dr. Wang examined her __5__ and told her it was only a muscle problem. He gave her some medicine and __6__ her to rest for a few days. She nodded slowly, but her hands were still __7__ when she turned to leave. The next morning, Grandma Liu came back. In her hands was a small __8__ of eggs. "For you, Doctor," she said, pushing it toward him. "My __9__ laid them yesterday. You are a good man." Dr. Wang tried to __10__, but she would not leave until he took them. That evening, Dr. Wang sat alone in the clinic, __11__ at the basket of eggs. He thought about the long road, the cold room, and the endless patients. __12__, he thought about Grandma Liu's smile. In that moment, he __13__ why he had come. He did not become a doctor to __14__ in a comfortable office. He came because people like Grandma Liu needed someone to __15__. The eggs were not just eggs — they were trust. 1. A. worked B. lived C. studied D. traveled 2. A. crowded B. small C. clean D. modern 3. A. remembered B. explained C. wondered D. admitted 4. A. walking B. climbing C. running D. sliding 5. A. calmly B. carefully C. happily D. finally 6. A. ordered B. encouraged C. warned D. taught 7. A. shaking B. clapping C. raising D. waving 8. A. box B. bowl C. basket D. bag 9. A. hens B. ducks C. pigs D. cows 10. A. accept B. refuse C. hide D. return 11. A. laughing B. pointing C. knocking D. staring 12. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 13. A. doubted B. understood C. forgot D. asked 14. A. rest B. play C. sit D. study 15. A. look after B. believe in C. wait for D. listen to Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every morning on his way to school, Tom passed an old bicycle on Mr. Smith's porch. It was dusty and its tires were __1__. Mr. Smith seldom came out, and Tom had once __2__ him sitting alone in his rocking chair, staring at the bike. One Saturday, Tom __3__ to do something. He knocked on the door and asked if he could __4__ the old bicycle. Mr. Smith looked surprised, then __5__. "Nobody has asked about that bike in years," he said. Tom spent the whole weekend __6__ the tires, oiling the chain, and cleaning the frame. It was not an easy __7__ — some parts were nearly impossible to find. But he kept going, remembering how Mr. Smith's eyes had __8__ up when he talked about the bike. When Tom finally brought the bicycle back, shiny and __9__, Mr. Smith could not believe his eyes. "This was my son's," he said quietly. "He __10__ in an accident ten years ago. I could not bring myself to __11__ it." Tom stood there, not knowing what to say. Then Mr. Smith __12__ and said, "Would you like to learn how to ride it?" Tom smiled and nodded. That afternoon, the old man and the teenager rode slowly down the street, __13__ at the trees and the passing dogs. In that moment, two __14__ lives were connected by a single bicycle. Tom learned that a small act of __15__ could heal more than a machine. 1. A. flat B. hard C. round D. new 2. A. stopped B. seen C. heard D. felt 3. A. agreed B. promised C. decided D. forgot 4. A. borrow B. repair C. buy D. ride 5. A. cried B. refused C. hesitated D. smiled 6. A. changing B. inflating C. mending D. washing 7. A. job B. deal C. lesson D. dream 8. A. turned B. lit C. fixed D. looked 9. A. heavy B. strong C. ready D. clean 10. A. disappeared B. failed C. died D. escaped 11. A. fix B. sell C. keep D. touch 12. A. looked away B. stood up C. turned around D. sat down 13. A. laughing B. pointing C. knocking D. shouting 14. A. similar B. separate C. active D. peaceful 15. A. courage B. bravery C. kindness D. honesty 训练 1 When Lia Eastep was 21, her father suffered a sudden stroke (中风). He remained 1 , yet he lost all control of his left leg and could barely 2 on his own. A few years later, the family set off for New York and rented a wheelchair for 3 during the trip. One afternoon, they boarded a 4 subway car. Lia’s father insisted on standing and holding onto a pole so that they could 5 the wheelchair and make more room for the other passengers. However, the moment he rose to his feet, the train sped. Lia’s father fell 6 toward a young man nearby. The whole family froze in fear. Surprisingly, without thinking twice, the stranger 7 his own arms. The young man even 8 them, saying he would hold him until the next stop. 9 to regain his footing, the father simply leaned against the stranger for the rest of the ride. To ease the 10 , the young man made casual conversation about their holiday plans. When the train finally 11 , he helped the father get off alongside the other passengers and disappeared without a word. The 12 lasted barely a few minutes, yet Lia has never 13 it. She came to understand that true kindness is quiet and asks for nothing 14 . That ordinary stranger has long been her role model. Ever since, she has carried his example with her and 15 to help those in need. 1．A．sharp-minded B．ill-informed C．well-respected D．short-sighted 2．A．speak B．move C．explain D．reflect 3．A．recovery B．research C．health D．convenience 4．A．damaged B．modern C．crowded D．wrong 5．A．spot B．fold C．push D．test 6．A．helplessly B．effortlessly C．skillfully D．carefully 7．A．examined B．extended C．crossed D．hid 8．A．instructed B．recognized C．copied D．comforted 9．A．Unable B．Proud C．Hesitant D．Unsatisfied 10．A．conflict B．awkwardness C．loneliness D．doubt 11．A．drove along B．set out C．pulled in D．sped up 12．A．encounter B．presentation C．exploration D．comment 13．A．valued B．mentioned C．expected D．forgotten 14．A．on time B．by chance C．in return D．for fun 15．A．happened B．agreed C．promised D．pretended 2 It was the hottest day of the summer. The air conditioner had been 16 for a week. We had called three repairmen, but none came. The car was 17 strange noises again. The wooden kitchen door was 18 and about to fall off. The hot water pipe in the basement had 19 and the water flooded the floor. The kitchen tap had a slow but steady 20 that seemed to laugh at every attempt to fix it. I sat outside, staring at the chaos around me. The heat was unbearable, the repairs 21 . I thought of George Bailey in the classic film It’s a Wonderful Life. He had his own 22 — a broken stair, holes in the roof, and windows that let in the cold. His home was full of small problems. Everything seemed to be falling apart too. Yet he found that his life was 23 wonderful. I began to wonder: what if the 24 isn’t in fixing everything, but in accepting that everything falls apart? What if these broken things are 25 of a life fully lived? The poet Keats wrote about “negative capability” — the 26 to accept uncertainty and doubt without reaching for easy answers. It is not about repairing everything, but to 27 with the mess. That evening, the repairman finally 28 . He fixed the air conditioner, and cool air 29 through the house. I had started 30 that the falling apart is part of the wonderful. 16．A．broken B．abandoned C．replaced D．maintained 17．A．avoiding B．reducing C．making D．covering 18．A．weak B．loose C．old D．heavy 19．A．frozen B．disappeared C．divided D．burst 20．A．flow B．sound C．leak D．smell 21．A．endless B．helpless C．priceless D．harmless 22．A．achievements B．troubles C．dreams D．strengths 23．A．rarely B．merely C．originally D．truly 24．A．conflict B．answer C．recommendation D．request 25．A．warnings B．functions C．symbols D．solutions 26．A．ability B．promise C．desire D．right 27．A．fight B．deal C．argue D．live 28．A．arrived B．left C．refused D．waited 29．A．wrapped B．escaped C．spread D．sought 30．A．regretting B．realizing C．pretending D．explaining 3 Last spring, my grandmother gave me a small box of tomato seeds. “Plant them in the yard,” she said, “and you’ll have your own tomatoes in summer.” I was 31 and couldn’t wait to start. I dug a hole, dropped the seeds in, and covered them with soil. Then I watered them every day, sometimes even twice a day. A week passed, but 32 grew. I became impatient and complained to Grandma, “The seeds must be dead!” Grandma smiled and led me to the yard. She gently 33 the soil with her finger and pointed to a tiny white root. “Look,” she said, “the seed isn’t dead. It’s growing 34 , where you can’t see. Before a plant reaches for the sun, it must first put down 35 .” Her words made me 36 . I thought of my English study. I had been learning new words for only two weeks and expected to read English novels 37 . When I couldn’t, I wanted to give up. But just like the tomato seeds, my effort was not 38 — it was growing in the dark, waiting for the right moment. From then on, I changed my 39 . I kept learning 20 words every day, no matter how busy I was. I also kept a notebook to 40 my progress. Some days, progress seemed invisible; other days, I could feel myself moving forward. Three months later, something amazing happened. While reading an English story, I 41 most of the new words without a dictionary. And in the yard, our tomato plants were covered with red 42 . Grandma was right. Real growth often happens 43 , in the days when no one sees anything. Keep planting, keep watering, and one day you’ll 44 what you have grown. That summer, I harvested not only sweet tomatoes but also a 45 that would stay with me forever: patience makes everything possible. 31．A．excited B．disappointed C．worried D．bored 32．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 33．A．covered B．removed C．pressed D．threw 34．A．upward B．downward C．sideways D．backward 35．A．leaves B．flowers C．roots D．fruits 36．A．think B．laugh C．cry D．doubt 37．A．carefully B．easily C．slowly D．secretly 38．A．recognized B．rewarded C．wasted D．finished 39．A．attitude B．hobby C．school D．dream 40．A．hide B．showcase C．forget D．record 41．A．missed B．created C．recognized D．spelled 42．A．tomatoes B．apples C．flowers D．leaves 43．A．loudly B．silently C．quickly D．publicly 44．A．taste B．smell C．touch D．hear 45．A．principle B．discipline C．habit D．lesson 4 Nearly everyone has noticed a strange travel quirk: after a round trip, the journey back always feels surprisingly 46 . Scientists have long studied this universal mental trick, and several solid explanations can clarify why our brains perceive travel time so differently. One leading explanation centers on psychological expectation. For vacationers especially, the eager anticipation of finally 47 a long-awaited destination stretches the perceived length of the outbound trip. 48 , when the ride drags on longer than mentally predicted, travelers experience subtle letdown. They unconsciously 49 their inner anticipation of travel duration. This subtle mental adjustment makes the homeward journey feel far more brief and subjectively more 50 . A second theory focuses on perceptual adjustment. When we encounter unfamiliar scenery, our brains will gradually grow 51 to new surroundings over time. Faced with novel visual stimuli, the brain slows subjective time perception to handle intensive information processing. This cognitive mechanism 52 for the common experience that time seems to accelerate with age. Elderly people rarely encounter brand-new scenarios, so their brains seldom struggle to 53 unfamiliar cognitive challenges. This phenomenon is formally named the “return-trip effect.” On the way to a new place, your brain actively registers countless roadside landmarks. On your return journey along the identical route, you can effortlessly 54 these familiar markers. With less mental confusion and far better spatial awareness, your subjective sense of time speeds up dramatically. This mental shortcut is closely 55 to the automation of learned skills. For example, beginner cyclists must constantly 56 their speed and balance to avoid falling. After consistent practice, the mind becomes 57 to wander without deliberate focus. The return-trip effect is most obvious when travelers are 58 on how tiring unfamiliar outbound journeys feel. This explains why the effect is strongly 59 with holiday travel instead of daily commutes. Regular commuters are extremely accustomed to routine roadside scenery, enabling them to precisely 60 the exact duration of both outbound and return trips. 46．A．tougher B．shorter C．fainter D．slower 47．A．departing B．attaining C．pursuing D．reaching 48．A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise 49．A．revised B．restored C．reserved D．recalled 50．A．complicated B．steady C．delightful D．flexible 51．A．resistant B．unfamiliar C．exposed D．accustomed 52．A．stands B．accounts C．calls D．substitutes 53．A．get through B．make out C．bring forth D．take on 54．A．observe B．overlook C．identify D．evaluate 55．A．dedicated B．related C．opposed D．committed 56．A．monitor B．sustain C．display D．sacrifice 57．A．forced B．prepared C．entitled D．free 58．A．reflecting B．insisting C．deciding D．touching 59．A．charged B．contrasted C．marked D．burdened 60．A．cover B．measure C．compute D．extend 5 Mukta Singh, a woman who decided to become a model at the age of 58, faced harsh comments on social media. However, she 61 the criticism with grace and now proudly shows her grey hair. After 62 her master’s degree in English, Mukta married a pilot and became a mother of two children. At times, however, Mukta felt her 63 to look good was taking a back seat to her household responsibilities. As a woman raising two kids, she often felt stressed. Sometimes, looking in the mirror, she’d think, “It wasn’t how I 64 myself”. Mukta firmly believes that 65 should not be a barrier to embracing every stage of life with confidence and happiness. She emphasizes that we must 66 ourselves. She decided to keep her natural grey hair, going against the common 67 that ageing makes one less attractive. This choice of accepting her changing appearance 68 a step toward self-acceptance. At a party, Mukta chose a grey saree instead of the traditional bright-colored clothing. “I 69 a lot of praise and attention. The 70 came out beautifully, and I posted them on social media. To my surprise, a designer 71 and said he wanted to photograph me,” she says. After 72 for the designer, Mukta started receiving numerous offers from popular designers. Through these 73 opportunities in the fashion industry, she found a platform to celebrate her unique style and individuality. Mukta strongly believes in the 74 of self-respect and self-worth. She refuses to let age hold her back and accepts every stage of life with joy and 75 . 61．A．expressed B．braved C．avoided D．withdrew 62．A．abandoning B．pursuing C．completing D．postponing 63．A．desire B．duty C．struggle D．promise 64．A．loved B．forgave C．promoted D．imagined 65．A．hardship B．age C．attitude D．tradition 66．A．treasure B．struggle C．inspire D．reward 67．A．theory B．practice C．belief D．advice 68．A．followed B．delayed C．learned D．marked 69．A．refused B．received C．pictured D．featured 70．A．photographs B．guests C．flowers D．reports 71．A．came out B．put out C．reached out D．carried out 72．A．working B．consulting C．waiting D．modelling 73．A．limited B．unexpected C．reasonable D．educational 74．A．balance B．exchange C．definition D．power 75．A．patience B．confidence C．curiosity D．gratitude 一、阅读理解 A As a child of the Buginese Indigenous (本土的) community, I was raised to give meaning to everything I do, no matter how small. Whether in my interactions with people or with nature, there is always a value to be found. Through running I discovered my own way of speaking, not only with my body, but also with the world around me. Running, at its core the simplest of movements, becomes a mirror of character: ambition, patience, togetherness, and the desire to simply enjoy life. It’s a universal language, yet everyone speaks it in their own accent. I have found my own meaning in running, one that may differ from that of most runners. It is not about how many medals, or how far, or how fast, but about how deeply I come to know my surroundings. Deep in listening: listening to my body, to the ground beneath my feet, and to the voices too often forgotten. Each path seems to hold a message: the narrow alleys pressed between walls, the railway tracks where children play, and the mountains of waste rising from the hillsides. All of these are not normal situations I can ignore by closing my eyes and ears. They speak of neglect (漠视), of resilience (韧性), and of the delicate balance between humans and systems and between humans and nature. As I process these messages, I return to the wisdom of my ancestors: that nothing stands alone, and that every act, no matter how small, carries both meaning and responsibility. So, what am I running for? I run to remember that my body is not separate from the Earth but a continuation of it. I run to remind myself that joy and care can move together, that sustainability is not measured by performance but by reciprocity (互惠). For me, running is not a race against time. It is a vow (誓言) to move lightly, to remain faithful to Mother Earth, and to honour the living world with every step. 1．What does the author describe running as? A．A test of physical strength. B．A simple physical movement. C．A unique way of self-expression. D．A competitive sport with rules. 2．What distinguishes the author’s running experience from that of most runners? A．The pursuit of medals and speed. B．The focus on physical performance. C．The desire to break running records. D．The deep connection with surroundings. 3．What lesson does the author learn from his ancestors? A．Every action carries responsibility. B．Wisdom is found only in books. C．Independence is the key to success. D．Normal scenes should be ignored. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Running: A Race Against Time B．Running: A Dialogue with the Earth C．Running: A Path to Gold Medals D．Running: A Mirror of Social Life B A research team from AMOLF in Amsterdam has created a soft robot that walks, jumps, and swims — all without a brain, electronics, or AI. As described in the study published in Science, it has no computer, no software, and no sensors. And still, it moves with surprising autonomy and speed, simply because of its body and how it interacts with the world. So, what’s really driving it? Underneath the movement is a principle you’ve probably seen, though you might have overlooked. Think of those shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely around in front of gas stations. The same physics that makes them move could hold the key to the next generation of autonomous robots. Powered by a continuous stream of air alone, each of the robot’s soft, tubular legs begins to swing. On its own, each leg waves around randomly. But when many are coupled together, their motions quickly synchronize. “Suddenly, order emerges from chaos,” says the first author Alberto Comoretto. “No controllers, no programming. Complex collective motions arise just from simple interactions.” Even more surprising, the synchronization adapts. If the robot runs into an obstacle, it adjusts itself. When it moves from land to water, it quickly shifts to freestyle swimming. All the movement emerges from the tight coupling between body and environment. The research challenges the conventional idea that robots need complicated control systems to realize lifelike behavior. “Simple objects, like tubes, can give rise to complex and functional behavior, provided we understand how to take advantage of its physics,” says principal investigator Bas Overvelde. “There is no brain, no computer. Essentially, it’s a machine. But when properly designed, it can outperform many robotic systems and behave like an artificial creature.” Possible future applications range from smart pills to space technology: safe microrobots that can be swallowed and release drugs after autonomously reaching the target tissue, robotic wearable suits matching the walking steps without processors, reducing power consumption while enhancing human strength. More broadly, these examples illustrate how this research opens doors to mechanical systems that behave as if they had a computer, without actually needing one. 5．Why does the author mention tube dancers in paragraph 2? A．To stress the wide use of robots. B．To explain the working principle. C．To show the need for observation. D．To introduce a daily application. 6．What does the underlined word “synchronize” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Slow down. B．Match up. C．Change direction. D．Consume energy. 7．What enables the soft robot to adjust itself? A．Its ability to get over obstacles B．Its connection with a computer. C．Its reliable performance underwater. D．Its integration with the environment. 8．What should robots be like according to Bas Overvelde? A．Cost-effective. B．Physics-based. C．Function-focused. D．Human-controlled. C For decades, the general public believed that every forest fire was a disaster that needed to be put out immediately. Early forestry policies in the United States strictly enforced total fire suppression (抑制) — aiming to put an end to every wildfire without delay. However, this well-meaning strategy has backfired. Ecologists now recognize that low-intensity fires are fundamental to maintaining healthy forest ecosystems, and completely extinguishing them leads to unexpected negative consequences. In a natural environment, periodic low-intensity surface fires play a crucial role as an ecological cleaner. They burn off dead leaves, fallen branches, and thick undergrowth without harming mature trees. This process clears space for new seedlings (幼苗), releases nutrients back into the soil and destroys harmful insects. Certain native trees depend on the heat from these mild fires to break open their seed-bearing fruits and release seeds as well. More importantly, frequent small fires prevent the dangerous build-up of materials that catch fire easily on the forest floor. When humans aggressively put out every small fire, a “fire deficit” is created. Over time, vast amounts of dry wood and thick bushes build up. These small trees and brush act as “fuel ladders”, allowing flames to climb from the ground up into the crowns of tall trees. When a fire finally breaks out during severe droughts or strong winds, this huge amount of fuel transforms what should have been a manageable surface fire into a destructive wildfire. Such extreme fires destroy entire forests and threaten nearby human communities. To break this dangerous cycle, forest management agencies are shifting their approach. Instead of fighting all fires, land managers now introduce “prescribed burns” — controlled fires set intentionally by trained experts during mild weather conditions to safely remove excess (过量的) fuel. By accepting fire as a natural part of the ecosystem rather than a deadly enemy, humans are learning to manage forests more wisely and protect them for the future. 9．What was the traditional policy regarding forest fires in the US? A．Viewing them as unavoidable disasters. B．Putting out all wildfires as fast as possible. C．Allowing low-intensity fires to burn naturally. D．Encouraging local involvement in firefighting. 10．How do low-intensity fires benefit forests? A．By increasing nutrients in the soil. B．By burning out non-native wildlife species. C．By raising the temperature of the forest floor. D．By preventing mature trees from growing too tall. 11．What directly results from the complete suppression of small fires? A．A great buildup of flammable materials. B．The loss of most native wildlife. C．The high frequency of extreme weather. D．An immediate threat to human beings. 12．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．How Wildfires Threaten Human Communities B．The History of Forestry Management in the US C．A Risky Experiment in Nature — Prescribed Burns D．Why Low-Intensity fires Are Essential for Forests D A girl who turns up to school dressed head-to-toe in pink will probably pass unnoticed. If a boy does the same, he will inevitably face stares. Even the most non-traditional parent would think twice about exposing their son to that. Children start paying attention to gender differences much earlier than some parents realize, according to psychologist Christia Brown. “Society emphasizes that gender is important really early in a kid’s life,” she says. “We label it a lot in our language — we use gender as nouns all the time. So we frequently say ‘oh, there’s that girl’ or ‘come on boys, let’s go.’” Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it. Gendered toys credit certain types of skills and strengths to one gender or the other. So, when a child only plays with toys marketed for their gender, they learn a certain set of skills but do not engage as much in other types of learning. This can lead to imbalanced development as they grow older. The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have an influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career. Many retailers have made real progress over the last few years, dropping gender labels in stores and online — a new research shows a 70% decrease in the use of online gender navigation options since 2012 — but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped (老一套的) ways that toys are often packaged and promoted. Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes. Instead of being just pink or blue, they would come in every color of the rainbow. Toy choices should be based on kids’ personal interests, and not on their gender. 13．What does Christia Brown say about gender differences? A．They are probably unnoticed. B．They are socially constructed. C．They are biologically determined. D．They are universally acknowledged. 14．What aspects of children are negatively affected by gendered toys? A．Their academic performance. B．Their interpersonal relationship. C．Their behaviours and attitudes. D．Their physical strength and fitness. 15．What is the author’s attitude to retailers’ progress? A．Mixed. B．Uncaring. C．Fully supportive. D．Strongly doubtful. 16．What do the researchers expect of future toys? A．They should be colourful. B．They should be gender-neutral. C．They should cater to kids’ tastes. D．They should cover wider categories. 二、完形填空 Chess, for me, has been an escape. A hope for a better future. I went from a bullied kid who didn’t see the point in living any longer to someone people look up to. It still feels 17 . I remember running home with a bloody nose, 18 . Then I lost myself in these 64 squares where everything is 19 . No injustice. A game so complex, you can study it forever and 20 escape from what hurts so much. The skills I got in chess slowly helped me 21 myself. To go for a different life. For years, I 22 that by becoming a Grandmaster, I would finally feel good and that all the 23 would be worth it. I would have finally “made it.” Then, when achieving it in 2017, I was excited for one hour... before 24 I felt even worse than before. Not only did my problems stay the same, but now the 25 that one single achievement would change everything was gone. So, was all my effort 26 ? No! Working on myself taught me how to become a better person. The journey truly is what 27 . Your goal is only an indication of 28 . So keep going. Trust yourself. 29 , live, laugh. And in moments when anything seems too hard to keep going, use this one magic 30 . It is free and always available. 31 your perspective. 17．A．painful B．unbelievable C．ordinary D．unchangeable 18．A．lighthearted B．worn-out C．heartbroken D．frightened 19．A．complex B．random C．unfamiliar D．fair 20．A．precisely B．frequently C．blindly D．virtually 21．A．keep to B．give up C．believe in D．count on 22．A．assessed B．figured C．hatched D．reflected 23．A．experiments B．adventures C．suffering D．laughter 24．A．realizing B．forgetting C．imagining D．denying 25．A．fear B．hope C．memory D．doubt 26．A．exhausted B．rewarded C．acknowledged D．wasted 27．A．matters B．requires C．invests D．loses 28．A．direction B．process C．issue D．conclusion 29．A．Comment B．Cry C．Learn D．Quit 30．A．trick B．word C．warning D．promise 31．A．Preserve B．Lose C．Follow D．Switch 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For me, good low Lapina, ancient Chinese poetry is more than art — it is a bridge connecting two distant cultures through 32 (share) emotional and timeless beauty. Her book, River snow: Anthology of Ancient Chinese Lyrics, 33 (publish) in 2024 and quickly secured several major honors. It features works by literary giants including Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, and Xin Qiji, spanning from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317—420) 34 the Song Dynasty (960—1279). “Translating from ancient Chinese into modern Latvian was a great challenge, because Latvian literature is 35 (relative) young, while Chinese poetry has millennia of development, with rich forms and many 36 (remarkable) poets,” Lapina says. To connect two distant cultures, she carefully reproduce the imagery and rhythm of the 37 (original) words, while blending them with the musicality of Latvian verse, creating a poetic dialogue that images cultures. She even adds annotations (注释) 38 (explain) historical events and poet biographies. For Lapina, translation is not merely about words but about transmitting meaning and emotion across languages. In this endeavor, she strives to convey the essence of the original text, whether it is a poem 39 a scholar’s reflections. Thus, when the translation reaches the reader, it takes on a new life, 40 (present) China as filtered through her interpretive lens. Lapina hopes her work will deepen the local understanding of Chinese literature, just as she said — poetry is like a snowflake that crosses mountains and rivers and falls into 41 heart of a distant land. 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，外教Chris在课上布置了一项实践作业：为你的家乡写一份英文宣传词(publicity copy)，推介一种特色农产品，要求本周五提交，但你无法按时完成。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： (1)表达歉意并说明原因； (2)提出补救措施。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 完形填空 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 题型特征 知识点二 答题策略 练|巩固提升训练 一、考情解读与命题规律 （一）题型基本特征 新高考完形填空共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分。短文长度约 250—300 词，体裁以记叙文为主，常夹叙夹议；选材多为校园生活、人际交往、个人成长、善意传递、亲情感恩等正能量主题，首句不设空，用以交代背景、奠定基调。 （二）考点分布规律 从近五年高考真题统计来看，完形填空的考点分布相对稳定：动词（含动词短语）约占 30%，名词约占 20%，形容词与副词约占 20%，连词与逻辑衔接词约占 15%，介词与固定搭配约占 10%，代词、情态动词等其他约占 5%。由此可见，词汇的语境辨析是主战场，逻辑衔接是拉分点。 （三）命题三大趋势 1. 轻语法、重语篇。单纯考查语法规则的题目逐年减少，更多题目必须依托上下文的情感线索、指代关系和复现信息才能作答。 2. 轻辨析、重逻辑。四个选项往往词性相同、词义相近，考生不能再靠"翻译代入"选答案，而要把握句间、段间的逻辑关系。 3. 轻细节、重主旨。文末通常有一句升华性的议论或感悟，该句既是命题点，也是考生回扣全文主旨的钥匙。 二、三步解题法 第一步：通读全文，抓住主旨（约 2—3 分钟） 拿到题目不要见空就填。先以正常语速通读全文，重点关注：首句交代的人物与场景；每段首尾句；but、however、so、therefore 等逻辑信号词；文末的升华句。读完后用一句话概括"谁、做了什么、结果如何、感悟是什么"。 第二步：逐空细读，先易后难（约 8—10 分钟） 按题号顺序作答，但遇到一时难以判断的空做标记后跳过。每答一空都要"瞻前顾后"——至少看空所在句的前一句与后一句，必要时回看前段或后段。优先做三类题：固定搭配、逻辑连词、原词复现。 第三步：复读验证，疏通逻辑（约 2—3 分钟） 把已选答案代入原文，再通读一遍。重点检查：时态、单复数、主谓一致是否一致；情感色彩是否与全文基调吻合；是否出现前后逻辑矛盾；跳过的难题此时借助全文线索往往迎刃而解。 三、五大高频考点分类突破 考点一：动词语境辨析（占比最高） 高考完形中的动词选项，往往四个词都"翻译得通"，区别在于谁最贴合语篇的动作链条与情感走向。解题钥匙：抓主语是谁、动作的对象是什么、上下文已有动词形成的动作链。 典型线索：原词复现（后文再次出现该动词或其同根词）、同义替换、反义对照（与前文动作形成转折或递进）。 考点二：名词与形容词辨析 名词题常考抽象名词，如 courage, trust, patience, challenge, connection, gift 等，答案往往出现在文末升华句中。形容词题则要把握全文情感色彩——是温暖、感动、紧张，还是释然、愧疚。 解题钥匙：首句定基调，尾句点主题；所选形容词必须与全文情感线索同向，不可仅凭单句翻译选词。 考点三：逻辑衔接词 这类题是必得分点，但每年都有考生因忽略句间关系而失分。常见逻辑信号如下： 转折：but, however, instead, yet, though, nevertheless； 因果：so, therefore, thus, as a result, because, since； 递进/并列：besides, moreover, also, meanwhile, and； 例证：for example, such as, in fact。 判断方法：把空格前后两句的中文意思在心里过一遍，问自己"这两句是同向还是反向？"——反向选转折，同向有因果选 so/therefore，同向有并列选 besides/meanwhile。 考点四：固定搭配与动词短语 高考高频短语集中在：look 系列（look up to, look back on, look out）、take 系列（take up, take on, take in, take after）、make 系列（make up, make out, make it）、come 系列（come across, come up with, come about）、set 系列（set up, set off, set aside）等。 解题钥匙：搭配题不靠语感靠积累，平时要把短语放入例句中记忆，特别注意一词多义的高频短语，如 take in 可表示"吸收、理解、欺骗、收留"。 考点五：生活常识与情感态度 少数题目考查西方文化背景或基本生活常识，如雨天路滑、医院挂号、图书馆借书、生日礼物等。这类题不需要复杂语法，需要考生站在主人公的角度体会其情感：害羞、感动、犹豫、释然、坚定。 四、抢分技巧与六大避坑指南 （一）五大抢分技巧 1. 原词复现法：正确选项往往在下文以原词、同义词或同根词形式再次出现。空格前后找线索词是最快路径。 2. 反义对照法：出现 but, however, instead 时，空格处的词应与前文某词构成反义或对比。 3. 情感一致法：全文情感基调一旦确定（温暖/悲伤/励志），所选形容词、副词必须与基调同向。 4. 主旨回扣法：文末升华句通常是 1—2 个空的答案来源，读不懂主旨时回看最后一句。 5. 先易后难法：固定搭配、逻辑连词、原词复现三类题先做，难题靠已填信息缩小选择范围。 （二）六大避坑提醒 1. 忌见空就填：不读全文直接填空，正确率往往低于 50%。 2. 忌中文思维：四个选项翻译成中文都通顺时，必须回到英文原句看搭配和主语。 3. 忌忽视后置暗示：答案可能在后段才出现，前面纠结的空不要急于敲定。 4. 忌因熟选答：看似最熟悉的短语往往是命题人设下的陷阱，必须代入原句验证。 5. 忌忽略情感：叙事文中人物的情绪变化是一条暗线，形容词题必须贴合当下情绪。 6. 忌不复读：填完后不代入原文通读，时态、单复数、逻辑矛盾最容易在这一步被漏掉。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。本文为师生共读、个人成长主题，建议用时 12 分钟。 Daniel had just moved to town, and everything felt new and __1__. He walked into the school library on his first day, not knowing anyone. The librarian, Mrs. Lee, __2__ him a warm smile and pointed him to a chair by the window. Weeks passed, and Daniel __3__ spent his lunch breaks in the library, reading books no one else seemed to __4__. One afternoon, an old professor noticed him __5__ a thick, dusty book about ancient maps. "That's a __6__ copy," the professor said softly. "I haven't seen anyone __7__ it in years." Daniel's face turned red. He was afraid the professor would tell him to put the book back. __8__, the old man pulled a chair beside him and began to __9__ the stories hidden inside the maps. For the first time since he moved, Daniel felt someone was really __10__ him. By the end of the semester, Daniel had __11__ a small shelf of his favorite books in the library. Mrs. Lee even let him __12__ a "Book Lovers' Corner" where students could share what they read. Daniel was no longer the __13__ new kid in the corner. He had found a place where his quiet love of books was not a __14__ — it was a gift. Sometimes the most __15__ connections in life begin in a quiet corner, with an old book and a kind stranger. 1. A. exciting B. strange C. enjoyable D. typical 2. A. offered B. sold C. lent D. sent 3. A. seldom B. accidentally C. gradually D. still 4. A. talk about B. care about C. ask about D. learn about 5. A. reading B. writing C. collecting D. selling 6. A. cheap B. modern C. rare D. simple 7. A. protect B. open C. appreciate D. remember 8. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Besides 9. A. write B. draw C. share D. review 10. A. laughing at B. listening to C. waiting for D. calling on 11. A. built B. found C. lost D. chosen 12. A. give up B. set up C. look for D. take in 13. A. proud B. popular C. lonely D. nervous 14. A. problem B. mistake C. challenge D. habit 15. A. unusual B. obvious C. direct D. powerful 【答案】1—5: B A C B A 6—10: C C A C B 11—15: D B C A D 【解析】 1. B　strange。首句说 Daniel 刚搬到镇上，一切都是新的、陌生的，与后文 not knowing anyone 呼应。exciting 与 not knowing anyone 的孤独基调不符；enjoyable 与 typical 均偏离语境。 2. A　offered。offer sb. a smile 为固定搭配，意为"向某人微笑"。sold（卖）、lent（借）、sent（送）均不与 smile 搭配。 3. C　gradually。weeks passed 提示动作是渐进的：他渐渐地开始在图书馆度过午休。seldom（很少）与后文他爱读书矛盾；accidentally（偶然地）不能与 weeks passed 的时间轴呼应；still（仍然）需有前文对比。 4. B　care about。定语从句 no one else seemed to __4__ 修饰 books，指"别人都不在意的书"。care about 意为"在意、喜欢"。talk about（谈论）、ask about（询问）、learn about（了解）均不贴合"没人感兴趣去读"的语境。 5. A　reading。notice sb. doing sth.；宾语是 a thick, dusty book，自然是 reading。writing / collecting / selling 与后文教授谈论书的内容不符。 6. C　rare。教授说"那是珍本"，rare copy 为常用搭配，与后文 I haven't seen anyone __7__ it in years 呼应。cheap / modern / simple 均与"多年无人问津的旧书"语境不符。 7. C　appreciate。appreciate 意为"欣赏、赏识"，指多年没见有人真正欣赏这本珍本。protect（保护）、open（打开）、remember（记得）均不贴合教授对书的珍视语气。 8. A　Instead。前句：他害怕教授让他把书放回去。后句：老人拉了把椅子坐到他旁边。两句为"反向替代"关系，instead 意为"反而、相反"。therefore（因此）、otherwise（否则）、besides（此外）均不表转折替代。 9. C　share。share the stories 意为"分享故事"，与后文两人由此建立联系一致。write（写）、draw（画）、review（复习）均不符合老人主动与少年分享的动作。 10. B　listening to。for the first time…felt someone was really listening to him（他第一次感到有人真正在倾听他），与 share 构成连贯动作链。laughing at（嘲笑）、waiting for（等待）、calling on（号召）与温暖基调相反。 11. D　chosen。a small shelf of his favorite books 指他为图书馆挑选出的一小架子心爱的书。choose 强调"精选"；build（搭建）后一般不直接接 a shelf of books；found（发现）、lost（丢失）不合语境。 12. B　set up。set up a "Book Lovers' Corner" 意为"建立一个爱书角"，固定搭配。give up（放弃）、look for（寻找）、take in（吸收/收留）均不合。 13. C　lonely。与首段 not knowing anyone 首尾呼应：他不再是角落里孤独的新孩子。proud（骄傲的）、popular（受欢迎的）、nervous（紧张的）均与首段孤独的线索不构成反差。 14. A　problem。破折号后 it was a gift 与前文 not a __14__ 构成反义对照：不是问题，而是礼物。mistake（错误）、challenge（挑战）、habit（习惯）均不能与 gift 形成最佳反义对应。 15. D　powerful。文末升华句：人生中最有力的联系，往往从安静角落的一本旧书和一位友善陌生人开始。powerful 与 connection 搭配自然，呼应全文对"改变命运的相遇"的颂扬。unusual（不寻常的）虽通顺，但不如 powerful 贴合主旨升华。 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Dr. Wang had __1__ in the mountain village for only two weeks when he met Grandma Liu. The road was muddy, the clinic was __2__, and most patients walked for hours to see him. He had __3__ whether he had made the right choice to leave the city hospital. One rainy afternoon, an old woman was __4__ into the clinic, holding her back. Dr. Wang examined her __5__ and told her it was only a muscle problem. He gave her some medicine and __6__ her to rest for a few days. She nodded slowly, but her hands were still __7__ when she turned to leave. The next morning, Grandma Liu came back. In her hands was a small __8__ of eggs. "For you, Doctor," she said, pushing it toward him. "My __9__ laid them yesterday. You are a good man." Dr. Wang tried to __10__, but she would not leave until he took them. That evening, Dr. Wang sat alone in the clinic, __11__ at the basket of eggs. He thought about the long road, the cold room, and the endless patients. __12__, he thought about Grandma Liu's smile. In that moment, he __13__ why he had come. He did not become a doctor to __14__ in a comfortable office. He came because people like Grandma Liu needed someone to __15__. The eggs were not just eggs — they were trust. 1. A. worked B. lived C. studied D. traveled 2. A. crowded B. small C. clean D. modern 3. A. remembered B. explained C. wondered D. admitted 4. A. walking B. climbing C. running D. sliding 5. A. calmly B. carefully C. happily D. finally 6. A. ordered B. encouraged C. warned D. taught 7. A. shaking B. clapping C. raising D. waving 8. A. box B. bowl C. basket D. bag 9. A. hens B. ducks C. pigs D. cows 10. A. accept B. refuse C. hide D. return 11. A. laughing B. pointing C. knocking D. staring 12. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Meanwhile 13. A. doubted B. understood C. forgot D. asked 14. A. rest B. play C. sit D. study 15. A. look after B. believe in C. wait for D. listen to Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every morning on his way to school, Tom passed an old bicycle on Mr. Smith's porch. It was dusty and its tires were __1__. Mr. Smith seldom came out, and Tom had once __2__ him sitting alone in his rocking chair, staring at the bike. One Saturday, Tom __3__ to do something. He knocked on the door and asked if he could __4__ the old bicycle. Mr. Smith looked surprised, then __5__. "Nobody has asked about that bike in years," he said. Tom spent the whole weekend __6__ the tires, oiling the chain, and cleaning the frame. It was not an easy __7__ — some parts were nearly impossible to find. But he kept going, remembering how Mr. Smith's eyes had __8__ up when he talked about the bike. When Tom finally brought the bicycle back, shiny and __9__, Mr. Smith could not believe his eyes. "This was my son's," he said quietly. "He __10__ in an accident ten years ago. I could not bring myself to __11__ it." Tom stood there, not knowing what to say. Then Mr. Smith __12__ and said, "Would you like to learn how to ride it?" Tom smiled and nodded. That afternoon, the old man and the teenager rode slowly down the street, __13__ at the trees and the passing dogs. In that moment, two __14__ lives were connected by a single bicycle. Tom learned that a small act of __15__ could heal more than a machine. 1. A. flat B. hard C. round D. new 2. A. stopped B. seen C. heard D. felt 3. A. agreed B. promised C. decided D. forgot 4. A. borrow B. repair C. buy D. ride 5. A. cried B. refused C. hesitated D. smiled 6. A. changing B. inflating C. mending D. washing 7. A. job B. deal C. lesson D. dream 8. A. turned B. lit C. fixed D. looked 9. A. heavy B. strong C. ready D. clean 10. A. disappeared B. failed C. died D. escaped 11. A. fix B. sell C. keep D. touch 12. A. looked away B. stood up C. turned around D. sat down 13. A. laughing B. pointing C. knocking D. shouting 14. A. similar B. separate C. active D. peaceful 15. A. courage B. bravery C. kindness D. honesty 答案与解析 （一） 【答案】1—5: B B C A B 6—10: C A C A B 11—15: D B B C A 【解析】 1. B　lived。后文提到他要离开城市医院、诊所条件艰苦，可知他是"在山村住了才两周"。work 一般接工作单位，live 更贴合医生驻点山村生活的语境。 2. B　small。与 muddy road, walked for hours 并列，描写山村诊所条件简陋：又小又破。crowded（拥挤的）与后文只有一位老奶奶来就诊不符；clean / modern 与语境相反。 3. C　wondered。whether he had made the right choice 是他内心的怀疑与犹豫，wonder 后接 whether/if 从句表"琢磨、怀疑"。remember / explain / admit 均不与 whether 宾语从句搭配表自我怀疑。 4. A　walking。走进诊所的动作是 walk。climb（爬）、run（跑）、slide（滑）与一位背痛老人的形象不符。 5. B　carefully。医生给病人做检查，自然是 carefully。calmly（冷静地）、happily（高兴地）、finally（终于）不贴合医生接诊的专业动作。 6. C　warned。warn sb. to do sth. 意为"告诫某人做某事"，医生嘱咐病人休息。order（命令）语气过重；encourage（鼓励）与"休息几天"的医嘱不搭配；teach（教）不合。 7. A　shaking。老人身体不适，转身离开时手还在抖。clapping（拍手）、raising（举起）、waving（挥手）均不合身体虚弱的线索。 8. C　basket。标题即 The Eggs in the Basket，且后文第 11 空后的 the basket of eggs 为原词复现。 9. A　hens。下蛋的是母鸡 hens。ducks（鸭）、pigs（猪）、cows（牛）均不产鸡蛋。 10. B　refuse。医生想拒收鸡蛋，但老人不肯走直到他收下。accept（接受）与语境相反；hide（藏）、return（归还）不合。 11. D　staring。stare at 意为"盯着看"，描写医生夜间独坐、思绪万千的状态。laugh at（嘲笑）、point at（指向）、knock at（敲）均不贴合反思场景。 12. B　However。前句：他想到漫长的路、冰冷的房间、无尽的病人（负面）。后句：他想到奶奶的微笑（正面）。两句为转折关系，选 However。Instead 表"替代"；Therefore 表因果；Meanwhile 表并列。 13. B　understood。那一刻他明白了自己为何而来。doubted（怀疑）、forgot（忘记）、asked（问）均与"重新坚定信念"的语境相反。 14. C　sit。sit in a comfortable office 意为"坐在舒适的办公室里"，与山村奔波形成对比。rest / play / study 均不与 office 构成这一对比。 15. A　look after。people like Grandma Liu needed someone to look after（像刘奶奶这样的人需要有人照顾）。believe in（信任）、wait for（等待）、listen to（倾听）均不如 look after 贴合医生的职责。 （二） 【答案】1—5: A B C B C 6—10: B A B C C 11—15: D A A B C 【解析】 1. A　flat。与 dusty 并列描写自行车破旧：轮胎瘪了。flat tire 为常用搭配。hard（硬的）、round（圆的）、new（新的）均与破旧线索相反。 2. B　seen。Tom 曾经看到老人独自坐在摇椅上。see sb. doing sth. 为常见结构。stop（停下）、hear（听见）、feel（感觉）与 staring at the bike 的视觉线索不符。 3. C　decided。一个周六，Tom 决定做点什么。decide to do sth. 表决心。agree（同意）、promise（承诺）、forget（忘记）均无上下文依据。 4. B　repair。后文提到他花了整个周末给轮胎打气、上油、擦车架，可知他问能否"修理"自行车。borrow（借）、buy（买）、ride（骑）均与修理动作链不符。 5. C　hesitated。老人先是惊讶，然后犹豫——因为这辆车承载着丧子之痛。hesitate 精准传达复杂情绪。cry（哭）、refuse（拒绝）与后文他讲出往事并同意修车矛盾；smile（微笑）过早流露积极情绪。 6. B　inflating。inflating the tires 意为"给轮胎打气"，对应第 1 空的 flat tires。change（更换）、mend（修补）、wash（清洗）虽通顺，但不如 inflate 与前文 flat 形成复现呼应。 7. A　job。It was not an easy job 意为"这不是件容易的活儿"。deal（交易）、lesson（课程/教训）、dream（梦想）均不贴合"修车工作量大"的语境。 8. B　lit。one's eyes light up 为固定搭配，意为"眼睛亮起来、面露喜色"。turn up（出现/调高）、fix up（修理）、look up（查阅）均不与 eyes 构成此搭配。 9. C　ready。shiny and ready 意为"光亮如新、可以骑了"，与修好送回的动作呼应。heavy（重的）、strong（结实的）、clean（干净的）均不强调"修复完成可用"的状态。 10. C　died。后文 accident 和老人多年不敢碰车的情绪，暗示儿子在事故中去世。disappeared（失踪）、failed（失败）、escaped（逃脱）均不贴合丧子之痛。 11. D　touch。could not bring oneself to do sth. 意为"鼓不起勇气做某事"；老人因为悲伤而"不敢碰"这辆车。fix（修理）、sell（出售）、keep（保留）均不贴合情感障碍。 12. A　looked away。讲到伤心往事时，老人把目光移开（强忍情绪），然后才邀请 Tom 学骑车。stand up（站起来）、turn around（转身）、sit down（坐下）均不贴合"情绪激动、不忍直视"的线索。 13. A　laughing。两人慢慢骑在街上，笑着看树和路过的狗。laugh at 此处意为"因……而发笑"，对应和解后的温暖氛围。point at（指着）、knock at（敲）、shout at（朝……喊叫）均与温馨氛围相反。 14. B　separate。两个原本毫无交集的人生被一辆自行车连接。separate lives 意为"各自独立的人生"，与 connected 形成对比。similar（相似的）、active（活跃的）、peaceful（平静的）均不与 connected 构成反差。 15. C　kindness。a small act of kindness 为高频搭配，意为"一个小小的善举"，呼应全文主旨。courage（勇气）、bravery（勇敢）、honesty（诚实）均不如 kindness 贴合 Tom 主动修车的善意。 训练 1 When Lia Eastep was 21, her father suffered a sudden stroke (中风). He remained 1 , yet he lost all control of his left leg and could barely 2 on his own. A few years later, the family set off for New York and rented a wheelchair for 3 during the trip. One afternoon, they boarded a 4 subway car. Lia’s father insisted on standing and holding onto a pole so that they could 5 the wheelchair and make more room for the other passengers. However, the moment he rose to his feet, the train sped. Lia’s father fell 6 toward a young man nearby. The whole family froze in fear. Surprisingly, without thinking twice, the stranger 7 his own arms. The young man even 8 them, saying he would hold him until the next stop. 9 to regain his footing, the father simply leaned against the stranger for the rest of the ride. To ease the 10 , the young man made casual conversation about their holiday plans. When the train finally 11 , he helped the father get off alongside the other passengers and disappeared without a word. The 12 lasted barely a few minutes, yet Lia has never 13 it. She came to understand that true kindness is quiet and asks for nothing 14 . That ordinary stranger has long been her role model. Ever since, she has carried his example with her and 15 to help those in need. 1．A．sharp-minded B．ill-informed C．well-respected D．short-sighted 2．A．speak B．move C．explain D．reflect 3．A．recovery B．research C．health D．convenience 4．A．damaged B．modern C．crowded D．wrong 5．A．spot B．fold C．push D．test 6．A．helplessly B．effortlessly C．skillfully D．carefully 7．A．examined B．extended C．crossed D．hid 8．A．instructed B．recognized C．copied D．comforted 9．A．Unable B．Proud C．Hesitant D．Unsatisfied 10．A．conflict B．awkwardness C．loneliness D．doubt 11．A．drove along B．set out C．pulled in D．sped up 12．A．encounter B．presentation C．exploration D．comment 13．A．valued B．mentioned C．expected D．forgotten 14．A．on time B．by chance C．in return D．for fun 15．A．happened B．agreed C．promised D．pretended 2 It was the hottest day of the summer. The air conditioner had been 16 for a week. We had called three repairmen, but none came. The car was 17 strange noises again. The wooden kitchen door was 18 and about to fall off. The hot water pipe in the basement had 19 and the water flooded the floor. The kitchen tap had a slow but steady 20 that seemed to laugh at every attempt to fix it. I sat outside, staring at the chaos around me. The heat was unbearable, the repairs 21 . I thought of George Bailey in the classic film It’s a Wonderful Life. He had his own 22 — a broken stair, holes in the roof, and windows that let in the cold. His home was full of small problems. Everything seemed to be falling apart too. Yet he found that his life was 23 wonderful. I began to wonder: what if the 24 isn’t in fixing everything, but in accepting that everything falls apart? What if these broken things are 25 of a life fully lived? The poet Keats wrote about “negative capability” — the 26 to accept uncertainty and doubt without reaching for easy answers. It is not about repairing everything, but to 27 with the mess. That evening, the repairman finally 28 . He fixed the air conditioner, and cool air 29 through the house. I had started 30 that the falling apart is part of the wonderful. 16．A．broken B．abandoned C．replaced D．maintained 17．A．avoiding B．reducing C．making D．covering 18．A．weak B．loose C．old D．heavy 19．A．frozen B．disappeared C．divided D．burst 20．A．flow B．sound C．leak D．smell 21．A．endless B．helpless C．priceless D．harmless 22．A．achievements B．troubles C．dreams D．strengths 23．A．rarely B．merely C．originally D．truly 24．A．conflict B．answer C．recommendation D．request 25．A．warnings B．functions C．symbols D．solutions 26．A．ability B．promise C．desire D．right 27．A．fight B．deal C．argue D．live 28．A．arrived B．left C．refused D．waited 29．A．wrapped B．escaped C．spread D．sought 30．A．regretting B．realizing C．pretending D．explaining 3 Last spring, my grandmother gave me a small box of tomato seeds. “Plant them in the yard,” she said, “and you’ll have your own tomatoes in summer.” I was 31 and couldn’t wait to start. I dug a hole, dropped the seeds in, and covered them with soil. Then I watered them every day, sometimes even twice a day. A week passed, but 32 grew. I became impatient and complained to Grandma, “The seeds must be dead!” Grandma smiled and led me to the yard. She gently 33 the soil with her finger and pointed to a tiny white root. “Look,” she said, “the seed isn’t dead. It’s growing 34 , where you can’t see. Before a plant reaches for the sun, it must first put down 35 .” Her words made me 36 . I thought of my English study. I had been learning new words for only two weeks and expected to read English novels 37 . When I couldn’t, I wanted to give up. But just like the tomato seeds, my effort was not 38 — it was growing in the dark, waiting for the right moment. From then on, I changed my 39 . I kept learning 20 words every day, no matter how busy I was. I also kept a notebook to 40 my progress. Some days, progress seemed invisible; other days, I could feel myself moving forward. Three months later, something amazing happened. While reading an English story, I 41 most of the new words without a dictionary. And in the yard, our tomato plants were covered with red 42 . Grandma was right. Real growth often happens 43 , in the days when no one sees anything. Keep planting, keep watering, and one day you’ll 44 what you have grown. That summer, I harvested not only sweet tomatoes but also a 45 that would stay with me forever: patience makes everything possible. 31．A．excited B．disappointed C．worried D．bored 32．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 33．A．covered B．removed C．pressed D．threw 34．A．upward B．downward C．sideways D．backward 35．A．leaves B．flowers C．roots D．fruits 36．A．think B．laugh C．cry D．doubt 37．A．carefully B．easily C．slowly D．secretly 38．A．recognized B．rewarded C．wasted D．finished 39．A．attitude B．hobby C．school D．dream 40．A．hide B．showcase C．forget D．record 41．A．missed B．created C．recognized D．spelled 42．A．tomatoes B．apples C．flowers D．leaves 43．A．loudly B．silently C．quickly D．publicly 44．A．taste B．smell C．touch D．hear 45．A．principle B．discipline C．habit D．lesson 4 Nearly everyone has noticed a strange travel quirk: after a round trip, the journey back always feels surprisingly 46 . Scientists have long studied this universal mental trick, and several solid explanations can clarify why our brains perceive travel time so differently. One leading explanation centers on psychological expectation. For vacationers especially, the eager anticipation of finally 47 a long-awaited destination stretches the perceived length of the outbound trip. 48 , when the ride drags on longer than mentally predicted, travelers experience subtle letdown. They unconsciously 49 their inner anticipation of travel duration. This subtle mental adjustment makes the homeward journey feel far more brief and subjectively more 50 . A second theory focuses on perceptual adjustment. When we encounter unfamiliar scenery, our brains will gradually grow 51 to new surroundings over time. Faced with novel visual stimuli, the brain slows subjective time perception to handle intensive information processing. This cognitive mechanism 52 for the common experience that time seems to accelerate with age. Elderly people rarely encounter brand-new scenarios, so their brains seldom struggle to 53 unfamiliar cognitive challenges. This phenomenon is formally named the “return-trip effect.” On the way to a new place, your brain actively registers countless roadside landmarks. On your return journey along the identical route, you can effortlessly 54 these familiar markers. With less mental confusion and far better spatial awareness, your subjective sense of time speeds up dramatically. This mental shortcut is closely 55 to the automation of learned skills. For example, beginner cyclists must constantly 56 their speed and balance to avoid falling. After consistent practice, the mind becomes 57 to wander without deliberate focus. The return-trip effect is most obvious when travelers are 58 on how tiring unfamiliar outbound journeys feel. This explains why the effect is strongly 59 with holiday travel instead of daily commutes. Regular commuters are extremely accustomed to routine roadside scenery, enabling them to precisely 60 the exact duration of both outbound and return trips. 46．A．tougher B．shorter C．fainter D．slower 47．A．departing B．attaining C．pursuing D．reaching 48．A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise 49．A．revised B．restored C．reserved D．recalled 50．A．complicated B．steady C．delightful D．flexible 51．A．resistant B．unfamiliar C．exposed D．accustomed 52．A．stands B．accounts C．calls D．substitutes 53．A．get through B．make out C．bring forth D．take on 54．A．observe B．overlook C．identify D．evaluate 55．A．dedicated B．related C．opposed D．committed 56．A．monitor B．sustain C．display D．sacrifice 57．A．forced B．prepared C．entitled D．free 58．A．reflecting B．insisting C．deciding D．touching 59．A．charged B．contrasted C．marked D．burdened 60．A．cover B．measure C．compute D．extend 5 Mukta Singh, a woman who decided to become a model at the age of 58, faced harsh comments on social media. However, she 61 the criticism with grace and now proudly shows her grey hair. After 62 her master’s degree in English, Mukta married a pilot and became a mother of two children. At times, however, Mukta felt her 63 to look good was taking a back seat to her household responsibilities. As a woman raising two kids, she often felt stressed. Sometimes, looking in the mirror, she’d think, “It wasn’t how I 64 myself”. Mukta firmly believes that 65 should not be a barrier to embracing every stage of life with confidence and happiness. She emphasizes that we must 66 ourselves. She decided to keep her natural grey hair, going against the common 67 that ageing makes one less attractive. This choice of accepting her changing appearance 68 a step toward self-acceptance. At a party, Mukta chose a grey saree instead of the traditional bright-colored clothing. “I 69 a lot of praise and attention. The 70 came out beautifully, and I posted them on social media. To my surprise, a designer 71 and said he wanted to photograph me,” she says. After 72 for the designer, Mukta started receiving numerous offers from popular designers. Through these 73 opportunities in the fashion industry, she found a platform to celebrate her unique style and individuality. Mukta strongly believes in the 74 of self-respect and self-worth. She refuses to let age hold her back and accepts every stage of life with joy and 75 . 61．A．expressed B．braved C．avoided D．withdrew 62．A．abandoning B．pursuing C．completing D．postponing 63．A．desire B．duty C．struggle D．promise 64．A．loved B．forgave C．promoted D．imagined 65．A．hardship B．age C．attitude D．tradition 66．A．treasure B．struggle C．inspire D．reward 67．A．theory B．practice C．belief D．advice 68．A．followed B．delayed C．learned D．marked 69．A．refused B．received C．pictured D．featured 70．A．photographs B．guests C．flowers D．reports 71．A．came out B．put out C．reached out D．carried out 72．A．working B．consulting C．waiting D．modelling 73．A．limited B．unexpected C．reasonable D．educational 74．A．balance B．exchange C．definition D．power 75．A．patience B．confidence C．curiosity D．gratitude 参考答案 1 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．C 【解析】本文主要讲的是莉娅一家在纽约地铁偶遇一位热心陌生人，对方出手帮扶中风的父亲，这件事深深打动莉娅，使她领悟到善意不求回报，并立志帮助他人。 1．考查形容词。句意：他头脑依旧敏锐，但是左腿完全不受控制，几乎无法自己行动。A. sharp-minded头脑敏锐的；B. ill-informed消息不灵通的；C. well-respected受人尊敬的；D. short-sighted目光短浅的。根据后文“yet he lost all control of his left leg”说身体行动出问题及yet表示转折可知，她的父亲头脑没有受中风影响，依旧思维清晰。 2．考查动词。句意：他头脑依旧敏锐，但是左腿完全不受控制，几乎无法自己行动。A. speak说话；B. move移动，行动；C. explain解释；D. reflect反思。根据上文“he lost all control of his left leg”可知，她的父亲左腿失去控制，很难自主行动。 3．考查名词。句意：几年后，一家人动身前往纽约，旅行中为了方便租了一辆轮椅。A. recovery康复；B. research研究；C. health健康；D. convenience方便。根据上文“rented a wheelchair”可知，租轮椅是为了方便。 4．考查形容词。句意：一天下午，他们登上了拥挤的地铁车厢。A. damaged受损的；B. modern现代的；C. crowded拥挤的；D. wrong错误的。根据后文“make more room for the other passengers”可知，父亲想要腾出更多空间给其他乘客，说明地铁上乘客很多，车厢很拥挤。 5．考查动词。句意：Lia的父亲坚持站起来抓住扶手，这样他们就可以折叠轮椅，给其他乘客腾出更多空间。A. spot发现；B. fold折叠；C. push推；D. test测试。根据下文“make more room for the other passengers”可知，他们要把轮椅折叠起来，为其他乘客腾出空间。 6．考查副词。句意：Lia的父亲无助地倒向旁边的一位年轻人。A. helplessly无助地；B. effortlessly毫不费力地；C. skillfully熟练地；D. carefully小心地。根据上文“the moment he rose to his feet, the train sped”可知，突发列车加速，父亲身体不受控制，倒下时是无助的状态。 7．考查动词。句意：令人意外的是，这个陌生人不假思索就伸出了双臂。A. examined检查；B. extended伸出；C. crossed交叉；D. hid隐藏。根据下文“saying he would hold him until the next stop”可知，父亲要摔倒，年轻人伸出手臂去接住他。extend one’s arms表示“伸出双臂”。 8．考查动词。句意：这个年轻人甚至安慰他们，说在下一站之前他会扶住这位父亲。A. instructed指导；B. recognized认出；C. copied复制；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“The whole family froze in fear”和下文“saying he would hold him until the next stop”可知，一家人陷入恐慌，年轻人一边扶住父亲，一边出言安慰一家人。 9．考查形容词。句意：父亲不能站稳，在剩下的路程里就只能靠在这位陌生人身上。A. Unable不能够的；B. Proud骄傲的；C. Hesitant犹豫的；D. Unsatisfied不满意的。根据第一段“he lost all control of his left leg and could barely ____ on his own”可知，父亲中风行动不便，摔倒之后不能重新站稳。 10．考查名词。句意：为了缓解这种尴尬，年轻人随意聊起了他们的度假计划。A. conflict冲突；B. awkwardness尴尬；C. loneliness孤独；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“the father simply leaned against the stranger for the rest of the ride”可知，一位陌生人要一直搀扶着父亲，场面很尴尬，所以年轻人开启闲聊化解尴尬。 11．考查动词短语。句意：当列车终于进站停靠时，他帮这位父亲随着其他乘客一起下车，一言不发就离开了。A. drove along向前行驶；B. set out出发；C. pulled in（列车）进站；D. sped up加速。根据下文“he helped the father get off”可知，地铁到站停靠才可以下车，pull in表示“车辆进站”。 12．考查名词。句意：这次相遇仅仅持续了几分钟，但是Lia从来没有忘记这件事。A. encounter偶遇，邂逅；B. presentation展示；C. exploration探索；D. comment评论。根据第6空处的“Lia’s father fell ___ toward a young man nearby”可知，此处指代地铁上和好心陌生人的这场短暂相遇。 13．考查动词。句意：这次相遇仅仅持续了几分钟，但是 Lia 从来没有忘记这件事。A. valued重视；B. mentioned提及；C. expected期待；D. forgotten忘记。根据下文“That ordinary stranger has long been her role model. Ever since, she has carried his example with her and ___ to help those in need”可知，这件事一直影响Lia，说明她始终没有忘掉这次经历。 14．考查介词短语。句意：她渐渐明白真正的善意是无声的，不求任何回报。A. on time准时；B. by chance偶然；C. in return作为回报；D. for fun为了消遣。根据倒数第二段“disappeared without a word”可知，这个陌生人帮忙之后不求回报直接离开，体现善意不求回报。 15．考查动词。句意：从那以后，她以这个陌生人为榜样，承诺去帮助那些有需要的人。A. happened碰巧；B. agreed同意；C. promised承诺；D. pretended假装。根据上文“That ordinary stranger has long been her role model. Ever since, she has carried his example with her”可知，受到陌生人善举的触动，她立志、承诺去帮助有困难的人。 2 16．A 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 【解析】文章讲述作者在酷暑中面对空调坏、水管爆、门松动等一堆生活故障，从电影《生活多美好》和诗人济慈的“消极能力”获得启发，领悟到生活中的“破碎”是真实生活的象征，学会接受混乱。 16．考查形容词和动词。句意：空调已经坏了一个星期。A. broken坏了的；B. abandoned被遗弃的；C. replaced替换；D. maintained维护。根据下文“We had called three repairmen, but none came.”可知，空调“坏了”。 17．考查动词。句意：汽车又发出奇怪的声音。A. avoiding避免；B. reducing减少；C. making使产生；D. covering覆盖。根据下文“strange noises”可知，汽车“发出”奇怪的声音；make noises为固定搭配，意为“发出声音”。 18．考查形容词。句意：厨房的木门松了，快要掉下来了。A. weak虚弱的；B. loose松动的；C. old旧的；D. heavy重的。根据下文“and about to fall off”可知，门“松动了”。 19．考查动词。句意：地下室的热水管爆了，水淹了地板。A. frozen结冰；B. disappeared消失；C. divided分开；D. burst爆裂。根据下文“the water flooded the floor”可知，水管“爆裂”了。 20．考查名词。句意：厨房的水龙头有一处缓慢但持续的漏水，似乎在嘲笑每一次修理的尝试。A. flow流动；B. sound声音；C. leak漏水；D. smell气味。根据上文“The kitchen tap”和下文“that seemed to laugh at every attempt to fix it”可推知，水龙头需要修理，说明它“漏水”。 21．考查形容词。句意：炎热难以忍受，修理工作没完没了。A. endless无穷尽的，没完没了；B. helpless无助的；C. priceless无价的；D. harmless无害的。根据上文一堆生活故障可知，作者家里的修理工作“没完没了的”。 22．考查名词。句意：他有自己的麻烦：破楼梯、屋顶的洞、漏风的窗户。A. achievements成就；B. troubles麻烦；C. dreams梦想；D. strengths力量。根据下文“a broken stair, holes in the roof, and windows that let in the cold”可知，这是George的“麻烦”。 23．考查副词。句意：然而他发现自己的生活真的很美好。A. rarely很少；B. merely仅仅；C. originally最初；D. truly真正地。根据电影《生活多美好》的主题以及下文“wonderful”可知，他的生活“真的”很美好。 24．考查名词。句意：我开始想：答案是否不在于修好一切，而在于接受一切都会破碎?A. conflict冲突；B. answer答案；C. recommendation推荐；D. request请求。根据上文“wonder”和下文“isn’t in fixing everything, but in accepting that everything falls apart”可知，作者在思考“答案”是什么。 25．考查名词。句意：如果这些破碎的东西是充实生活的象征呢?A. warnings警告；B. functions功能；C. symbols象征；D. solutions解决方案。根据下文“of a life fully lived”可知，破碎的东西是充实生活的“象征”。 26．考查名词。句意：诗人济慈写过“消极能力”——接受不确定和怀疑而不急于寻求简单答案的能力。A. ability能力；B. promise承诺；C. desire欲望；D. right权利。根据上文“capability”和下文“to accept uncertainty and doubt without reaching for easy answers”可知，这是一种“能力”。 27．考查动词短语。句意：这不是要修好一切，而是要与混乱共处。A. fight (with)与……战斗；B. deal (with)处理；C. argue (with)与……争论；D. live (with)接受，容忍。根据上文“accept uncertainty”和“It is not about repairing everything”可知，要“接受”混乱，而不是试图修复它们。 28．考查动词。句意：那天晚上，修理工终于来了。A. arrived到达；B. left离开；C. refused拒绝；D. waited等待。根据下文“He fixed the air conditioner”可知，修理工终于“来了”。 29．考查动词。句意：他修好了空调，冷气在房子里弥漫开来。A. wrapped包裹；B. escaped逃跑；C. spread扩散，弥漫；D. sought寻找。根据上文“He fixed the air conditioner”以及下文“through the house”可知，空调修好了，冷气在房子里“弥漫”。 30．考查动词。句意：我开始意识到，破碎也是美好的一部分。A. regretting后悔；B. realizing意识到；C. pretending假装；D. explaining解释。根据下文“that the falling apart is part of the wonderful”可知，作者开始“意识到”这一道理。 3 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D 41．C 42．A 43．B 44．A 45．D 【解析】文章讲述奶奶给作者番茄种子，作者因迟迟不见发芽而急躁，奶奶以种子先扎根地下的道理启发作者，作者由此领悟学习英语也需耐心沉淀，最终收获番茄与人生一课。 31．考查形容词。句意：我很兴奋，迫不及待地想要开始。A. excited兴奋的；B. disappointed失望的；C. worried担忧的；D. bored无聊的。根据下文“couldn’t wait to start”可知，作者很兴奋。 32．考查代词。句意：一周过去了，但是什么都没有长出来。A. something某物；B. anything任何事物；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything一切。根据下文“I became impatient and complained to Grandma, “The seeds must be dead!””可知，什么都没长出来。 33．考查动词。句意：她用手指轻轻拨开泥土，指向一根小小的白色根须。A. covered覆盖；B. removed移开，拨开；C. pressed按压；D. threw扔。根据下文“pointed to a tiny white root”可知，奶奶拨开了泥土。 34．考查副词。句意：它在向下生长，在你看不见的地方。A. upward向上；B. downward向下；C. sideways向侧面；D. backward向后。根据上文“pointed to a tiny white root”和下文“where you can’t see.”以及根须向下生长的常识可知，种子在地下向下扎根。 35．考查名词。句意：在一株植物伸向阳光之前，它必须首先向下扎根。A. leaves叶子；B. flowers花；C. roots根；D. fruits果实。根据上文“a tiny white root”可知，植物先扎根。 36．考查动词。句意：她的话让我思考。A. think思考；B. laugh笑；C. cry哭；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“I thought of my English study. I had been learning new words for only two weeks and expected to read English novels ____ ”可知，奶奶的话让作者思考自己的学习。 37．考查副词。句意：我才学了两周新单词，就期望能轻松地读英语小说。A. carefully仔细地；B. easily轻松地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. secretly秘密地。根据上文“I had been learning new words for only two weeks”以及“expected to”可知，作者期望轻松读小说。 38．考查动词。句意：但就像番茄种子一样，我的努力没有白费——它在黑暗中生长，等待着合适的时机。A. recognized认出；B. rewarded奖励；C. wasted浪费；D. finished完成。根据下文“it was growing in the dark, waiting for the right moment”可知，努力没有白费。 39．考查名词。句意：从那时起，我改变了态度。A. attitude态度；B. hobby爱好；C. school学校；D. dream梦想。根据下文“I kept learning 20 words every day, no matter how busy I was.”可知，作者改变了态度。 40．考查动词。句意：我还记了一个笔记本来记录我的进步。A. hide隐藏；B. showcase展示；C. forget忘记；D. record记录。根据上文“kept a notebook”可知，笔记本是用来记录进步的。 41．考查动词。句意：在阅读一篇英语故事时，我不用查字典就能认出大多数新单词。A. missed错过；B. created创造；C. recognized认出；D. spelled拼写。根据第五段“I kept learning 20 words every day”可知，作者积累了词汇，读故事时能认出单词。 42．考查名词。句意：在院子里，我们的番茄植株上结满了红色的番茄。A. tomatoes番茄；B. apples苹果；C. flowers花；D. leaves叶子。根据上文“our tomato plants”可知，结的是番茄。 43．考查副词。句意：真正的成长常常在默默地发生，在没有人看到任何东西的日子里。A. loudly大声地；B. silently默默地；C. quickly快速地；D. publicly公开地。根据下文“in the days when no one sees anything”可知，成长是默默发生的。 44．考查动词。句意：坚持播种，坚持浇水，总有一天你会品尝到自己种下的果实。A. taste品尝；B. smell闻；C. touch触摸；D. hear听。根据下文“That summer, I harvested not only sweet tomatoes”可知，收获后能够品尝果实。 45．考查名词。句意：那个夏天，我不仅收获了甜番茄，还收获了一节将永远伴随我的人生课：耐心让一切成为可能。A. principle原则；B. discipline纪律；C. habit习惯；D. lesson课，教训。根据下文“patience makes everything possible”可知，这是一节人生课。 4 46．B 47．D 48．A 49．A 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．B 56．A 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．B 【解析】文章主要解释返程效应让人觉得回程更快的科学原理。 46．考查形容词。句意：几乎每个人都注意到一个奇怪的旅行怪象：往返旅行后，回程总是出人意料地更短。A. tougher更艰难的；B. shorter更短的；C. fainter更微弱的；D. slower更慢的。根据后文“On your return journey along the identical route, you can effortlessly ______ these familiar markers. With less mental confusion and far better spatial awareness, your subjective sense of time speeds up dramatically.”可知，全文核心主题是返程效应，核心特征就是人们主观上觉得回程用时更短。 47．考查动词。句意：尤其是对于度假者来说，终于抵达期盼已久的目的地的热切期待，会拉长人们感知到的去程时长。A. departing离开；B. attaining获得；C. pursuing追求；D. reaching抵达。根据后文“a long-awaited destination”可知，度假者的核心期待就是最终抵达自己向往已久的旅行目的地。 48．考查副词。句意：相反，当行程比心理预期的更长时，旅行者会感到轻微失落。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文“For vacationers especially, the eager anticipation of finally ______ a long-awaited destination stretches the perceived length of the outbound trip.”和后文“when the ride drags on longer than mentally predicted, travelers experience subtle letdown”可知，前文讲期待拉长去程感知时长，后文换角度说明行程超出预期时人的感受，用instead引出另一种情况。 49．考查动词。句意：他们会无意识地修正自己内心对旅途时长的预判。A. revised修正；B. restored恢复；C. reserved预留；D. recalled回忆。根据前文“when the ride drags on longer than mentally predicted, travelers experience subtle letdown. They unconsciously”和后文“their inner anticipation of travel duration”可知，实际旅途时长超出了最初的心理预期，人们就会下意识调整、修正自己原本对这段行程的时长预判。 50．考查形容词。句意：这种微妙的心理调整会让回程的感觉短暂得多，主观上也更令人愉悦。A. complicated复杂的；B. steady平稳的；C. delightful令人愉悦的；D. flexible灵活的。根据前文“This subtle mental adjustment makes the homeward journey feel far more brief and subjectively more”可知，当人们不再有抵达目的地的急切期待，放松下来的回程体验会主观上更轻松愉快。故选C。 51．考查形容词。句意：当我们遇到陌生的风景时，随着时间推移，我们的大脑会逐渐对新环境变得熟悉适应。A. resistant抗拒的；B. unfamiliar陌生的；C. exposed暴露的；D. accustomed适应的。根据后文“to new surroundings over time”可知，随着在陌生环境里停留的时间变长，大脑会慢慢熟悉周遭的一切，不再对所有事物都保持高度警觉。 52．考查动词。句意：这种认知机制解释了一个常见体验：随着年龄增长，人们会觉得时间似乎在加速流逝。A. stands代表；B. accounts解释；C. calls呼叫；D. substitutes替代。根据前文“This cognitive mechanism”和后文“for the common experience that time seems to accelerate with age”可知，前文提到的认知机制是时间主观加速的缘由，固定搭配account for在这里表示“是……的原因、解释……”。 53．考查动词短语。句意：老年人很少遇到全新的场景，所以他们的大脑几乎不需要费力去应对陌生的认知挑战。A. get through应对、完成；B. make out辨认；C. bring forth产出；D. take on呈现。根据前文“Elderly people rarely encounter brand-new scenarios, so their brains seldom struggle to”和后文“unfamiliar cognitive challenges”可知，当没有全新的陌生场景时，大脑就不需要耗费精力去处理、应对未知的认知挑战。 54．考查动词。句意：沿着同一条路线返程时，你可以毫不费力地辨认出这些熟悉的地标。A. observe观察；B. overlook忽视；C. identify辨认；D. evaluate评估。根据前文“On your return journey along the identical route”和后文“these familiar markers”可知，去程时大脑已经记录下了沿途的地标，返程时就可以轻松认出这些已经见过的标记。 55．考查形容词。句意：这种心理捷径和习得技能的自动化过程紧密相关。A. dedicated专注的；B. related相关的；C. opposed反对的；D. committed坚定的。根据前文“This mental shortcut is closely”和后文“to the automation of learned skills. For example, beginner cyclists must constantly ______ their speed and balance to avoid falling. After consistent practice, the mind becomes ______ to wander without deliberate focus.”可知，后文举的骑自行车从生疏到熟练的例子说明这种心理捷径和习得技能的自动化过程紧密相关。 56．考查动词。句意：初学骑自行车的人必须不断留意自己的速度和平衡，避免摔倒。A. monitor留意、把控；B. sustain维持；C. display展示；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据前文“beginner cyclists must constantly”和后文“their speed and balance to avoid falling”可知，新手骑车时注意力高度集中，需要时刻监控自己的速度和身体平衡状态，防止失控摔倒。 57．考查形容词。句意：经过持续练习后，大脑无需刻意集中注意力，就能自由地发散思绪。A. forced被迫的；B. prepared准备好的；C. entitled有资格的；D. free自由的。根据前文“After consistent practice”和后文“to wander without deliberate focus”可知，当骑车变成熟练的自动化技能后，大脑不需要再把全部注意力放在把控平衡上，可以自由地走神。 58．考查动词。句意：当旅行者回想陌生去程的疲惫感时，返程效应会表现得最为明显。A. reflecting回想、反思；B. insisting坚持；C. deciding决定；D. touching触碰。根据后文“on how tiring unfamiliar outbound journeys feel”可知，只有当人们回头对比去程的陌生疲惫和回程的轻松熟悉时，才能清晰感知到返程效应带来的时长差。 59．考查形容词。句意：这也解释了为什么这一效应在假日旅行中表现得极为显著，而非日常通勤场景下。A. charged充满的；B. contrasted对比的；C. marked显著关联的；D. burdened背负的。根据前文“This explains why the effect is strongly”和后文“with holiday travel instead of daily commutes”可知，固定搭配be marked with在这里表示“在……中特征显著”，假日旅行的路线大多是陌生的，返程效应会格外突出。 60．考查动词。句意：通勤者早已习惯沿途风景，可以精准估量往返行程的确切时长。A. cover覆盖；B. measure估量，衡量；C. compute计算；D. extend延伸。根据前文“Regular commuters are extremely accustomed to routine roadside scenery, enabling them to precisely”和后文“the exact duration of both outbound and return trips”可知，通勤者由于熟悉路线，可以精准估量往返行程的确切时长。measure the duration“估量时长”。 5 61．B 62．C 63．A 64．D 65．B 66．A 67．C 68．D 69．B 70．A 71．C 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．B 【解析】文章主要讲述58岁才决定成为模特的Mukta Singh勇敢面对网络批评，接纳衰老与灰发，最终在时尚行业找到平台展现自我独特风格的故事。 61．考查动词。句意：然而，她从容地勇敢面对了这些批评，如今自豪地展示她的白发。A. expressed表达；B. braved勇敢面对；C. avoided避免；D. withdrew撤退。根据上文“faced harsh comments on social media”以及下文“now proudly shows her grey hair”可知，她没有回避批评，而是勇敢面对。 62．考查动词。句意：在完成英语硕士学位之后，Mukta嫁给了一名飞行员，成为了两个孩子的母亲。A. abandoning放弃；B. pursuing追求；C. completing完成；D. postponing推迟。根据下文“Mukta married a pilot and became a mother of two children”的人生顺序可知，此处指完成硕士学位后结婚。 63．考查名词。句意：然而，有时Mukta觉得她想要变好看的渴望在家庭责任面前退居次要位置。A. desire渴望；B. duty责任；C. struggle挣扎；D. promise承诺。根据下文“As a woman raising two kids, she often felt stressed.”可知，她爱美的渴望被家庭责任挤到了次要位置。 64．考查动词。句意：有时，照镜子时，她会想：“这不是我想象中自己的样子。”A. loved爱；B. forgave原谅；C. promoted提升；D. imagined想象。根据上文“she often felt stressed”以及照镜子时的内心活动可知，镜中的自己与她曾经想象中的样子不符。 65．考查名词。句意：Mukta坚定地认为，年龄不应该成为自信快乐地拥抱人生每个阶段的障碍。A. hardship艰难；B. age年龄；C. attitude态度；D. tradition传统。根据最后一段“She refuses to let age hold her back”可知，她认为年龄不应成为障碍。 66．考查动词。句意：她强调我们必须珍视自己。A. treasure珍视；B. struggle挣扎；C. inspire激励；D. reward奖励。根据下文“This choice of accepting her changing appearance”以及全文传递的自我接纳主题可知，此处指要珍视自己。 67．考查名词。句意：她决定保留自然的白发，这与“衰老使人失去吸引力”这一普遍看法背道而驰。A. theory理论；B. practice实践；C. belief信念，观念；D. advice建议。根据常识可知，“衰老使人失去吸引力”是一种普遍的社会观念/看法。 68．考查动词。句意：这种接受自己不断变化的外表的选择，标志着迈向自我接纳的一步。A. followed跟随；B. delayed推迟；C. learned学会；D. marked标志着。结合上文“She decided to keep her natural grey hair”可知，保留白发这一选择标志着她自我接纳的开始。 69．考查动词。句意：“我收获了许多赞美与关注。照片拍得非常好看，我把它们发到了社交媒体上。令我意外的是，一位设计师联系我，说想要为我拍摄照片，” 她说道。A. refused拒绝；B. received收到；C. pictured想象；D. featured以……为特色。根据下文“and I posted them on social media”以及“said he wanted to photograph me”推测，她收到了很多赞扬和关注。 70．考查名词。句意：“我收获了许多赞美与关注。照片拍得非常好看，我把它们发到了社交媒体上。令我意外的是，一位设计师联系我，说想要为我拍摄照片，” 她说道。A. photographs照片；B. guests客人；C. flowers花；D. reports报道。根据下文“he wanted to photograph me”可知，此处指拍的照片。 71．考查动词短语。句意：“我收获了许多赞美与关注。照片拍得非常好看，我把它们发到了社交媒体上。令我意外的是，一位设计师联系我，说想要为我拍摄照片，” 她说道。A. came out出版；B. put out熄灭；C. reached out主动联系；D. carried out执行。根据下文“said he wanted to photograph me”可知，设计师主动联系了她。 72．考查动词。句意：在为这位设计师做模特之后，Mukta开始收到众多知名设计师的邀约。A. working工作；B. consulting咨询；C. waiting等待；D. modelling做模特。根据上文“he wanted to photograph me”以及下文“Mukta started receiving numerous offers from popular designers”可知，她为设计师做了模特。 73．考查形容词。句意：通过时尚行业中这些意想不到的机会，她找到了一个平台来展现她独特的风格和个性。A. limited有限的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. reasonable合理的；D. educational教育的。根据上文“To my surprise”可知，这些机会是她意想不到的。 74．考查名词。句意：Mukta坚信自尊和自我价值的力量。A. balance平衡；B. exchange交换；C. definition定义；D. power力量。根据下文“She refuses to let age hold her back”可知，她相信自尊和自我价值的力量。 75．考查名词。句意：她拒绝让年龄阻碍自己，快乐而自信地接受人生的每个阶段。A. patience耐心；B. confidence自信；C. curiosity好奇心；D. gratitude感激。呼应第三段“embracing every stage of life with confidence and happiness”此处指自信地接受人生的每个阶段。 一、阅读理解 A As a child of the Buginese Indigenous (本土的) community, I was raised to give meaning to everything I do, no matter how small. Whether in my interactions with people or with nature, there is always a value to be found. Through running I discovered my own way of speaking, not only with my body, but also with the world around me. Running, at its core the simplest of movements, becomes a mirror of character: ambition, patience, togetherness, and the desire to simply enjoy life. It’s a universal language, yet everyone speaks it in their own accent. I have found my own meaning in running, one that may differ from that of most runners. It is not about how many medals, or how far, or how fast, but about how deeply I come to know my surroundings. Deep in listening: listening to my body, to the ground beneath my feet, and to the voices too often forgotten. Each path seems to hold a message: the narrow alleys pressed between walls, the railway tracks where children play, and the mountains of waste rising from the hillsides. All of these are not normal situations I can ignore by closing my eyes and ears. They speak of neglect (漠视), of resilience (韧性), and of the delicate balance between humans and systems and between humans and nature. As I process these messages, I return to the wisdom of my ancestors: that nothing stands alone, and that every act, no matter how small, carries both meaning and responsibility. So, what am I running for? I run to remember that my body is not separate from the Earth but a continuation of it. I run to remind myself that joy and care can move together, that sustainability is not measured by performance but by reciprocity (互惠). For me, running is not a race against time. It is a vow (誓言) to move lightly, to remain faithful to Mother Earth, and to honour the living world with every step. 1．What does the author describe running as? A．A test of physical strength. B．A simple physical movement. C．A unique way of self-expression. D．A competitive sport with rules. 2．What distinguishes the author’s running experience from that of most runners? A．The pursuit of medals and speed. B．The focus on physical performance. C．The desire to break running records. D．The deep connection with surroundings. 3．What lesson does the author learn from his ancestors? A．Every action carries responsibility. B．Wisdom is found only in books. C．Independence is the key to success. D．Normal scenes should be ignored. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Running: A Race Against Time B．Running: A Dialogue with the Earth C．Running: A Path to Gold Medals D．Running: A Mirror of Social Life 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文阐述了跑步带给作者的独特感悟，探讨奔跑过程中人与周遭、自然之间的联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Through running I discovered my own way of speaking, not only with my body, but also with the world around me. (通过跑步，我找到了属于自己的表达方式，不仅用身体，也与周围世界对话。)”可知，作者把跑步描述成一种独特的自我表达方式。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I have found my own meaning in running, one that may differ from that of most runners. It is not about how many medals, or how far, or how fast, but about how deeply I come to know my surroundings. (我在跑步中找到了独属于自己的意义，和大多数跑步者不同。无关奖牌、距离与速度，而是深入了解周遭环境。)”可知，作者跑步体验的特别之处在于和周围环境建立深度联结。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“As I process these messages, I return to the wisdom of my ancestors: that nothing stands alone, and that every act, no matter how small, carries both meaning and responsibility. (当我理解这些信息时，我重拾先祖的智慧：万物都不是孤立存在的，每一个行为，无论多么微小，都承载意义与责任。)”可知，先祖教给作者的道理是每一个行为都带有责任。 4．主旨大意题。第一段交代作者的成长背景；第二段提出跑步是一种表达自我的方式；第三至四段写作者在奔跑中感知周边景象，领悟先祖智慧；第五段阐述跑步是与大地相连、敬畏地球的誓言。由此可知，本文围绕作者跑步时与大地对话的感悟展开，因此“Running: A Dialogue with the Earth (跑步：与大地对话)”最适合作为文章标题。 B A research team from AMOLF in Amsterdam has created a soft robot that walks, jumps, and swims — all without a brain, electronics, or AI. As described in the study published in Science, it has no computer, no software, and no sensors. And still, it moves with surprising autonomy and speed, simply because of its body and how it interacts with the world. So, what’s really driving it? Underneath the movement is a principle you’ve probably seen, though you might have overlooked. Think of those shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely around in front of gas stations. The same physics that makes them move could hold the key to the next generation of autonomous robots. Powered by a continuous stream of air alone, each of the robot’s soft, tubular legs begins to swing. On its own, each leg waves around randomly. But when many are coupled together, their motions quickly synchronize. “Suddenly, order emerges from chaos,” says the first author Alberto Comoretto. “No controllers, no programming. Complex collective motions arise just from simple interactions.” Even more surprising, the synchronization adapts. If the robot runs into an obstacle, it adjusts itself. When it moves from land to water, it quickly shifts to freestyle swimming. All the movement emerges from the tight coupling between body and environment. The research challenges the conventional idea that robots need complicated control systems to realize lifelike behavior. “Simple objects, like tubes, can give rise to complex and functional behavior, provided we understand how to take advantage of its physics,” says principal investigator Bas Overvelde. “There is no brain, no computer. Essentially, it’s a machine. But when properly designed, it can outperform many robotic systems and behave like an artificial creature.” Possible future applications range from smart pills to space technology: safe microrobots that can be swallowed and release drugs after autonomously reaching the target tissue, robotic wearable suits matching the walking steps without processors, reducing power consumption while enhancing human strength. More broadly, these examples illustrate how this research opens doors to mechanical systems that behave as if they had a computer, without actually needing one. 5．Why does the author mention tube dancers in paragraph 2? A．To stress the wide use of robots. B．To explain the working principle. C．To show the need for observation. D．To introduce a daily application. 6．What does the underlined word “synchronize” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Slow down. B．Match up. C．Change direction. D．Consume energy. 7．What enables the soft robot to adjust itself? A．Its ability to get over obstacles B．Its connection with a computer. C．Its reliable performance underwater. D．Its integration with the environment. 8．What should robots be like according to Bas Overvelde? A．Cost-effective. B．Physics-based. C．Function-focused. D．Human-controlled. 【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．B 【解析】本文介绍了科研团队研发出的一款软体机器人，该研究打破传统机器人认知，在多个领域具备应用潜力。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“So, what’s really driving it? Underneath the movement is a principle you’ve probably seen, though you might have overlooked. Think of those shaky, air-filled tube dancers swinging freely around in front of gas stations. The same physics that makes them move could hold the key to the next generation of autonomous robots.(那么，究竟是什么在驱动它？这种运动背后隐藏着一个你可能已经见过但或许忽略了的原则。想象一下那些在加油站前自由摆动、充满空气的管状舞者。让它们动起来的这套物理原理，可能是下一代自主机器人的关键)”可知，作者先点明这款机器人的运动背后是一个大家可能见过的原理，接着举加油站前充气管状舞者的例子，说明让这些管子舞动的物理原理正是下一代自主机器人的核心关键，目的是用常见事物解释机器人的工作原理。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“On its own, each leg waves around randomly. But when many are coupled together, their motions quickly synchronize.(单独来看，每条支腿随机摆动。但多条支腿连接在一起时，它们的动作会迅速synchronize)”及“Suddenly, order emerges from chaos(混乱之中，秩序骤然产生)”可知，每条腿单独运动时是随机晃动，多条腿连接在一起时，动作就从混乱变得协调有序，也就是动作互相匹配、同步。match up意为“同步、匹配”，意义相近。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the robot runs into an obstacle, it adjusts itself.(如果机器人碰到障碍物，它会自行调整)”及“All the movement emerges from the tight coupling between body and environment.(所有运动都源自本体与环境之间的紧密互动)”可知，机器人能够自我调整，源于它和周围环境之间的相互作用。 8．推理判断题。根据第四段““Simple objects, like tubes, can give rise to complex and functional behavior, provided we understand how to take advantage of its physics,” says principal investigator Bas Overvelde.(首席研究员Bas Overvelde说：“只要我们懂得利用底层物理原理，像软管这类简单物体，就能产生复杂且具备功能性的运动。”)”可推知，Bas Overvelde认为机器人应该是基于物理学原理的。 C For decades, the general public believed that every forest fire was a disaster that needed to be put out immediately. Early forestry policies in the United States strictly enforced total fire suppression (抑制) — aiming to put an end to every wildfire without delay. However, this well-meaning strategy has backfired. Ecologists now recognize that low-intensity fires are fundamental to maintaining healthy forest ecosystems, and completely extinguishing them leads to unexpected negative consequences. In a natural environment, periodic low-intensity surface fires play a crucial role as an ecological cleaner. They burn off dead leaves, fallen branches, and thick undergrowth without harming mature trees. This process clears space for new seedlings (幼苗), releases nutrients back into the soil and destroys harmful insects. Certain native trees depend on the heat from these mild fires to break open their seed-bearing fruits and release seeds as well. More importantly, frequent small fires prevent the dangerous build-up of materials that catch fire easily on the forest floor. When humans aggressively put out every small fire, a “fire deficit” is created. Over time, vast amounts of dry wood and thick bushes build up. These small trees and brush act as “fuel ladders”, allowing flames to climb from the ground up into the crowns of tall trees. When a fire finally breaks out during severe droughts or strong winds, this huge amount of fuel transforms what should have been a manageable surface fire into a destructive wildfire. Such extreme fires destroy entire forests and threaten nearby human communities. To break this dangerous cycle, forest management agencies are shifting their approach. Instead of fighting all fires, land managers now introduce “prescribed burns” — controlled fires set intentionally by trained experts during mild weather conditions to safely remove excess (过量的) fuel. By accepting fire as a natural part of the ecosystem rather than a deadly enemy, humans are learning to manage forests more wisely and protect them for the future. 9．What was the traditional policy regarding forest fires in the US? A．Viewing them as unavoidable disasters. B．Putting out all wildfires as fast as possible. C．Allowing low-intensity fires to burn naturally. D．Encouraging local involvement in firefighting. 10．How do low-intensity fires benefit forests? A．By increasing nutrients in the soil. B．By burning out non-native wildlife species. C．By raising the temperature of the forest floor. D．By preventing mature trees from growing too tall. 11．What directly results from the complete suppression of small fires? A．A great buildup of flammable materials. B．The loss of most native wildlife. C．The high frequency of extreme weather. D．An immediate threat to human beings. 12．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．How Wildfires Threaten Human Communities B．The History of Forestry Management in the US C．A Risky Experiment in Nature — Prescribed Burns D．Why Low-Intensity fires Are Essential for Forests 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．A 12．D 【解析】文章介绍了美国森林火灾管理政策的演变——从过去严格执行完全灭火策略，到如今认识到低强度火灾对森林生态系统的必要性，并引入“计划烧除”作为更科学的森林管理方式。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Early forestry policies in the United States strictly enforced total fire suppression (抑制) — aiming to put an end to every wildfire without delay.(美国早期的林业政策严格执行全面灭火，目标是毫不拖延地扑灭每一场野火。)”可知，美国传统对待森林火灾的政策是尽快扑灭所有野火。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“This process clears space for new seedlings (幼苗), releases nutrients back into the soil and destroys harmful insects.(这个过程为新幼苗腾出空间，将养分释放回土壤，消灭有害昆虫。)”可知，低强度火灾可以增加土壤中的养分。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“When humans aggressively put out every small fire, a ‘fire deficit’ is created. Over time, vast amounts of dry wood and thick bushes build up.(当人类大力扑灭每一场小火时，就会造成‘火灾缺失’。久而久之，大量干木头和茂密灌木丛不断堆积。)”可知，完全压制小火会直接造成大量易燃物堆积。 12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ecologists now recognize that low-intensity fires are fundamental to maintaining healthy forest ecosystems, and completely extinguishing them leads to unexpected negative consequences.(生态学家现在认识到，低强度火灾对于维持健康的森林生态系统至关重要，将它们彻底扑灭会带来意想不到的负面后果。)”以及全文围绕低强度火灾对森林的重要作用展开可知，本文最佳标题是D选项“Why Low-Intensity fires Are Essential for Forests(为什么低强度火灾对森林必不可少)”。 D A girl who turns up to school dressed head-to-toe in pink will probably pass unnoticed. If a boy does the same, he will inevitably face stares. Even the most non-traditional parent would think twice about exposing their son to that. Children start paying attention to gender differences much earlier than some parents realize, according to psychologist Christia Brown. “Society emphasizes that gender is important really early in a kid’s life,” she says. “We label it a lot in our language — we use gender as nouns all the time. So we frequently say ‘oh, there’s that girl’ or ‘come on boys, let’s go.’” Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it. Gendered toys credit certain types of skills and strengths to one gender or the other. So, when a child only plays with toys marketed for their gender, they learn a certain set of skills but do not engage as much in other types of learning. This can lead to imbalanced development as they grow older. The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have an influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career. Many retailers have made real progress over the last few years, dropping gender labels in stores and online — a new research shows a 70% decrease in the use of online gender navigation options since 2012 — but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped (老一套的) ways that toys are often packaged and promoted. Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes. Instead of being just pink or blue, they would come in every color of the rainbow. Toy choices should be based on kids’ personal interests, and not on their gender. 13．What does Christia Brown say about gender differences? A．They are probably unnoticed. B．They are socially constructed. C．They are biologically determined. D．They are universally acknowledged. 14．What aspects of children are negatively affected by gendered toys? A．Their academic performance. B．Their interpersonal relationship. C．Their behaviours and attitudes. D．Their physical strength and fitness. 15．What is the author’s attitude to retailers’ progress? A．Mixed. B．Uncaring. C．Fully supportive. D．Strongly doubtful. 16．What do the researchers expect of future toys? A．They should be colourful. B．They should be gender-neutral. C．They should cater to kids’ tastes. D．They should cover wider categories. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．B 【解析】文章主要探讨性别化玩具对儿童成长的影响与去性别化玩具发展趋势。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Society emphasizes that gender is important really early in a kid’s life,” she says. “We label it a lot in our language — we use gender as nouns all the time. So we frequently say ‘oh, there’s that girl’ or ‘come on boys, let’s go.’” Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it. (她说：“社会在孩子很小的时候就强调性别很重要。我们在语言中经常给它贴标签——我们一直把性别当作名词来用。所以我们常常说‘哦，那个女孩’或者‘来吧，男孩们，我们走。’”研究表明，儿童对性别的认知更多是因为成年人指出来，而不是任何与生俱来的意识。)可知，儿童对性别的认知更多来自成年人的强调和社会影响，而不是天生意识，说明性别差异是社会建构的。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This can lead to imbalanced development as they grow older. (随着年龄增长，这可能导致发展失衡)”以及第四段中“The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have an influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career. (围绕购买性别化玩具的最大担忧是，它们会影响孩子如何看待自己。性别化的呈现把社会关于他们应该喜欢什么、应该做什么的观念强加给他们，而不是让他们自己选择自己的兴趣和爱好。这会影响孩子在学业上决定学什么，并最终选择什么职业)”可知，性别化玩具会影响孩子的行为与态度。 15．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Many retailers have made real progress over the last few years, dropping gender labels in stores and online — a new research shows a 70% decrease in the use of online gender navigation options since 2012 — but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped (老一套的) ways that toys are often packaged and promoted. (许多零售商在过去几年里取得了真正的进步，在实体店和网上都取消了性别标签——一项新研究显示，自2012年以来，在线性别导航选项的使用减少了70%——但在挑战玩具常常被包装和推广时那种老一套的方式方面，仍有工作要做)”可知，作者既肯定了零售商取得的进步，又指出仍有不足，态度是褒贬兼有的。 16．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes. (研究人员希望有一天，玩具将不再按性别划分，而是按类型分类，比如拼图玩具、洋娃娃或儿童自行车)”及“Toy choices should be based on kids’ personal interests, and not on their gender. (玩具选择应该基于孩子的个人兴趣，而不是他们的性别)”可知，研究人员希望未来的玩具不再按性别划分，即应是性别中立的。 二、完形填空 Chess, for me, has been an escape. A hope for a better future. I went from a bullied kid who didn’t see the point in living any longer to someone people look up to. It still feels 17 . I remember running home with a bloody nose, 18 . Then I lost myself in these 64 squares where everything is 19 . No injustice. A game so complex, you can study it forever and 20 escape from what hurts so much. The skills I got in chess slowly helped me 21 myself. To go for a different life. For years, I 22 that by becoming a Grandmaster, I would finally feel good and that all the 23 would be worth it. I would have finally “made it.” Then, when achieving it in 2017, I was excited for one hour... before 24 I felt even worse than before. Not only did my problems stay the same, but now the 25 that one single achievement would change everything was gone. So, was all my effort 26 ? No! Working on myself taught me how to become a better person. The journey truly is what 27 . Your goal is only an indication of 28 . So keep going. Trust yourself. 29 , live, laugh. And in moments when anything seems too hard to keep going, use this one magic 30 . It is free and always available. 31 your perspective. 17．A．painful B．unbelievable C．ordinary D．unchangeable 18．A．lighthearted B．worn-out C．heartbroken D．frightened 19．A．complex B．random C．unfamiliar D．fair 20．A．precisely B．frequently C．blindly D．virtually 21．A．keep to B．give up C．believe in D．count on 22．A．assessed B．figured C．hatched D．reflected 23．A．experiments B．adventures C．suffering D．laughter 24．A．realizing B．forgetting C．imagining D．denying 25．A．fear B．hope C．memory D．doubt 26．A．exhausted B．rewarded C．acknowledged D．wasted 27．A．matters B．requires C．invests D．loses 28．A．direction B．process C．issue D．conclusion 29．A．Comment B．Cry C．Learn D．Quit 30．A．trick B．word C．warning D．promise 31．A．Preserve B．Lose C．Follow D．Switch 【答案】 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．A 31．D 【解析】文章讲述了曾受欺凌的作者依靠国际象棋走出困境。成为国际象棋特级大师后他顿悟：目标只是方向，成长的旅途本身才最重要，困境中可转换视角。 17．考查形容词。句意：它依旧（让人觉得）是难以置信的。A. painful痛苦的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. ordinary普通的；D. unchangeable不可改变的。根据前文“I went from a bullied kid who didn’t see the point in living any longer to someone people look up to”可知，作者人生发生巨大转变，这样的经历让人难以相信。 18．考查形容词。句意：我记得流着鼻血跑回家，心碎不已。A. lighthearted轻松愉快的；B. worn-out疲惫不堪的；C. heartbroken心碎的；D. frightened害怕的。根据前文“a bullied kid”以及“running home with a bloody nose”可知，作者遭受欺凌受伤回家，内心十分难过。 19．考查形容词。句意：然后我沉浸在这64个方格之中，在这里一切都是公平的。A. complex复杂的；B. random随机的；C. unfamiliar陌生的；D. fair公平的。根据后文“No injustice”可知，国际象棋的世界里没有不公，一切是公平的，fair贴合语境。 20．考查副词。句意：这是一项如此复杂的游戏，你可以永远钻研它，几乎能够逃离那些令人伤痛的事。A. precisely精确地；B. frequently频繁地；C. blindly盲目地；D. virtually几乎。根据前文“Chess, for me, has been an escape.”可知，此处指国际象棋对作者而言是一种逃避方式，几乎可以远离伤痛。 21．考查动词短语。句意：我在国际象棋中学到的技能慢慢帮助我相信自己。A. keep to遵守；B. give up放弃；C. believe in相信；D. count on依靠。根据后文“To go for a different life”以及语境可知，此处指国际象棋带给作者力量，让他相信自己，去追寻不一样的人生。 22．考查动词。句意：多年来，我认定只要成为特级大师，我最终就会感觉良好，所有苦难都将值得。A. assessed评估；B. figured认为，认定；C. hatched策划；D. reflected反思。根据后文“by becoming a Grandmaster, I would finally feel good”可知，这是作者过去心里认定的想法。 23．考查名词。句意：多年来，我认定只要成为特级大师，我最终就会感觉良好，所有苦难都将值得。A. experiments实验；B. adventures冒险；C. suffering苦难；D. laughter欢笑。根据第一段“a bullied kid who didn’t see the point in living any longer”以及语境可知，前文描述作者曾经遭受欺凌，所以他承受很多苦难。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，在2017年达成目标时，我兴奋了一小时，随后意识到自己的感受比之前更糟。A. realizing意识到；B. forgetting忘记；C. imagining想象；D. denying否认。根据后文“I felt even worse than before”以及语境可知，此处指在短暂喜悦过后，作者意识到自己状态变差。 25．考查名词。句意：不仅我的问题依旧存在，那种认为单靠一项成就就能改变一切的希望也破灭了。A. fear恐惧；B. hope希望；C. memory记忆；D. doubt怀疑。根据前文“I would finally feel good and that all the 　　　　 would be worth it”可知，此处指作者曾经抱着取得头衔就能改变一切的希望，如今这份希望消失了。 26．考查形容词。句意：那么，我所有的努力都白费了吗？A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. rewarded得到回报的；C. acknowledged被承认的；D. wasted被浪费的。根据后文“No! Working on myself taught me how to become a better person.”以及语境可知，此处作者自问努力是否白费。 27．考查动词。句意：真正重要的是这段旅途本身。A. matters要紧，重要；B. requires需要；C. invests投资；D. loses失去。根据前文“Not only did my problems stay the same”以及语境可知，作者达成目标却没有得到预想的快乐，问题未得到解决，从而感悟到过程才重要。 28．考查名词。句意：你的目标仅仅代表前进的方向。A. direction方向；B. process过程；C. issue问题；D. conclusion结论。根据前文“The journey truly is what 　　　　. ”和后文“So keep going. Trust yourself.”可知，作者认为过程才重要，目标只是指引前进的方向。 29．考查动词。句意：所以继续前进。相信自己。学习，生活，欢笑。A. Comment评论；B. Cry哭泣；C. Learn学习；D. Quit放弃。根据前文“So keep going. Trust yourself.”可知，此处是鼓励人的话语，learn贴合积极鼓励的语境。 30．考查名词。句意：当事情艰难难以为继时，记住这个神奇的窍门。A. trick窍门；B. word单词；C. warning警告；D. promise承诺。根据前文“So keep going. Trust yourself.”以及“use this one magic”可知，这是作者建议的一个窍门。 31．考查动词。句意：转变你的视角。A. Preserve保护；B. Lose丢失；C. Follow跟随；D. Switch转换，改变。根据上一段“The journey truly is what 　　　　. Your goal is only an indication of 　　　　.”可知，此处指转换看待事物的角度，更多注重过程而不是结果。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For me, good low Lapina, ancient Chinese poetry is more than art — it is a bridge connecting two distant cultures through 32 (share) emotional and timeless beauty. Her book, River snow: Anthology of Ancient Chinese Lyrics, 33 (publish) in 2024 and quickly secured several major honors. It features works by literary giants including Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Li Bai, and Xin Qiji, spanning from the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317—420) 34 the Song Dynasty (960—1279). “Translating from ancient Chinese into modern Latvian was a great challenge, because Latvian literature is 35 (relative) young, while Chinese poetry has millennia of development, with rich forms and many 36 (remarkable) poets,” Lapina says. To connect two distant cultures, she carefully reproduce the imagery and rhythm of the 37 (original) words, while blending them with the musicality of Latvian verse, creating a poetic dialogue that images cultures. She even adds annotations (注释) 38 (explain) historical events and poet biographies. For Lapina, translation is not merely about words but about transmitting meaning and emotion across languages. In this endeavor, she strives to convey the essence of the original text, whether it is a poem 39 a scholar’s reflections. Thus, when the translation reaches the reader, it takes on a new life, 40 (present) China as filtered through her interpretive lens. Lapina hopes her work will deepen the local understanding of Chinese literature, just as she said — poetry is like a snowflake that crosses mountains and rivers and falls into 41 heart of a distant land. 【答案】 32．shared 33．was published 34．to 35．relatively 36．remarkable 37．original 38．to explain 39．or 40．presenting 41．the 【解析】文章主要说明了拉脱维亚的拉皮尼娅翻译中国历代古诗并出版获奖诗集，克服两国文学差异还原诗意韵律，辅以注释，希望借诗歌传递共通情感，加深当地人对中国文学的理解。 32．考查形容词。句意：对我，优秀的拉脱维亚人皮尼娅，来说中国古代诗歌不仅仅是艺术——它是一座桥梁，通过共同的情感与永恒之美，连接着两种遥远的文化。修饰名词emotions用形容词shared，作定语。 33．考查时态语态。句意：她的译作《江雪：中国古代抒情诗选》于2024年出版，问世后迅速斩获多项重要奖项。主语book与谓语构成被动关系，结合in 2024可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 34．考查介词。句意：该书收录了陶渊明、谢灵运、李白和辛弃疾等文学巨匠的作品，时间跨度从东晋（317—420年）至宋朝（960—1279年）。短语from…to…表示“从……到……”。 35．考查副词。句意：“将古代汉语翻译成现代拉脱维亚语是一项巨大的挑战，因为拉脱维亚文学相对年轻，而中国诗歌已有数千年的发展历史，形式丰富，诗人众多且成就卓著，”拉皮尼娅说。修饰形容词young用副词relatively。 36．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词poets用形容词remarkable。 37．考查形容词。句意：为了连接两种遥远的文化，她精心再现了原作的意象和韵律，同时将它们与拉脱维亚诗歌的音乐性相融合，创造出一种映照不同文化的诗意对话。修饰名词words应用形容词作定语。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：她甚至添加了注释，用以解释历史事件和诗人传记。此处explain作目的状语，用动词不定式。 39．考查固定句型。句意：在这一过程中，她力求传达原文的精髓，无论是诗歌还是学者的思考。固定短语whether…or…表示“无论是……还是……”。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当翻译传达到读者手中时，它便获得了新生，以她独特的诠释视角呈现中国。此处present与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 41．考查冠词。句意：拉皮尼娅希望自己的作品能加深当地人对中国文学的理解，正如她所说——诗歌就像一片雪花，穿越山河，落在遥远国度人们的心中。短语the heart of...表示“……的内心”。 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，外教Chris在课上布置了一项实践作业：为你的家乡写一份英文宣传词(publicity copy)，推介一种特色农产品，要求本周五提交，但你无法按时完成。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： (1)表达歉意并说明原因； (2)提出补救措施。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Chris,     I’m writing to apologize for not being able to submit the publicity copy by this Friday. I’ve been busy preparing for an important exam, so I haven’t had enough time to do it well. I feel really sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.     To make up for this, could I hand it in next Monday? I promise to introduce a special local agricultural product in detail, including its history, unique features, and why it is worth recommending. I’ll do my best to make the copy attractive and useful.     I hope this is acceptable. Thank you for your understanding. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华身份给外教Chris写邮件，告知他自己无法在本周五提交家乡特色农产品英文宣传词，表达歉意，说明原因并提出补救措施。 1.词汇积累 忙于做某事：be busy doing sth. → be occupied with doing sth. 道歉：apologize → express one’s regret 弥补：make up for→ compensate for 有吸引力的：attractive → appealing 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to apologize for not being able to submit the publicity copy by this Friday. 拓展句：I am writing to convey my sincere regret that I will fail to deliver the publicity copy by this Friday. 【高分句型1】I feel really sorry for any inconvenience this may cause. (运用了省略that的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I promise to introduce a special local agricultural product in detail, including its history, unique features, and why it is worth recommending. (运用了why引导的宾语从句，作介词including的宾语) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $