Unit2 How to solve problems （知识清单）-2026-2027学年冀教版（三起）英语六年级上册

冀教版六年级上册英语 Unit 2 How to solve problems 知识清单 （一般过去时 · should表建议 · 问题与解决办法） 一、本单元单词 1. 动词（不规则过去式重点） 原形 过去式 中文意思 备注 lose lost 丢失；遗失 不规则变化 wear wore 穿；戴 不规则变化 take took 拿走；带走 不规则变化 leave left 离开；落下 不规则变化 see saw 看见 不规则变化 pick picked 捡起；拾起 规则变化 ask asked 问；请求 规则变化 cross crossed 穿过；渡过 规则变化 jump jumped 跳 规则变化 stop stopped 停止；拦住 双写p加ed begin began 开始 不规则变化 wonder wondered 想知道 规则变化 feel felt 感觉；觉得 不规则变化 say said 说 不规则变化 speak spoke 说（某种语言） 不规则变化 solve solved 解决 规则变化 practice practiced 练习 规则变化 help helped 帮助 规则变化 2. 其他核心单词 单词 中文意思 cap 帽子 again 再一次；又 carefully 仔细地 lucky 幸运的 should 应该 horse 马 river 河；江 carry 携带；搬运 wheat 小麦 mill 磨坊 deep 深的 safely 安全地 problem 问题；难题 daily 日常的 sad 伤心的 angry 生气的 worried 担心的 shout 喊叫 cry 哭；喊叫 solution 解决办法 strong 强壮的；强大的 smart 聪明的 better 更好地（well/good的比较级） afraid 害怕的 mistake 错误 online 在线地 trouble 麻烦；困难 remember 记住；记得 way 方法；道路 film 电影 二、本单元短语 英文短语 中文意思 do a good job 做得好；表现棒 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 make mistakes 犯错误 solve the problem 解决问题 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 talk in English 用英语交谈 watch English films 看英语电影 practice speaking English 练习说英语 take off 脱下；摘下 put on 穿上；戴上 pick up 捡起；拾起 Lost and Found 失物招领处 be more careful 更小心 on the way 在路上 a bag of wheat 一袋小麦 cross the river 过河 not...at all 一点也不 jump down from a tree 从树上跳下来 in our daily life 在我们的日常生活中 feel sad/angry/worried 感到悲伤/生气/担心 want to do sth. 想要做某事 more...than... 比……更…… get stronger and smarter 变得更强大更聪明 have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ a great idea 一个好主意 三、核心句型 1. 描述过去的经历（一般过去时） • You did a good job in today's English class. 你今天英语课表现很棒。 • You didn't always speak much in English class. 你以前在英语课上不怎么发言。 • I was afraid of making mistakes. 我害怕犯错。 • How did you solve the problem? 你是怎么解决这个问题的？ • I asked Jenny for help. 我向Jenny求助了。 • I practiced speaking English online. 我在网上练习说英语了。 2. 寻找丢失物品 • Where is your cap? 你的帽子在哪里？ • I wore it before PE class, but now I can't find it. 我体育课前还戴着，但现在找不到了。 • When did you take off your cap? 你什么时候摘的帽子？ • I left it on the bench. 我把它落在长椅上了。 • Maybe someone picked it up. 可能有人捡走了。 • You should be more careful! 你应该更小心！ 3. should 表建议 • What should I do? 我该怎么办？ • What should we do? 我们该怎么办？ • You should read English picture books. 你应该读英语图画书。 • You could watch English films, too. 你也可以看英语电影。 4. 谈论问题与解决办法 • Sometimes we have problems in our daily life. 有时候我们在日常生活中会遇到问题。 • We may feel sad, angry or worried. 我们可能会感到悲伤、生气或担心。 • There are more solutions than problems. 解决办法总比问题多。 • Ask your parents, teachers or friends for help. 向你的父母、老师或朋友求助。 • Each time you solve a problem, you will get stronger and smarter. 每次你解决一个问题，你就会变得更强大、更聪明。 四、语法小结 语法一：一般过去时（规则与不规则动词） 【概念】 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用（yesterday, last week, ...ago, one day等）。 【规则动词过去式构成】 • 一般直接加 -ed：ask → asked, pick → picked • 以e结尾加 -d：live → lived, solve → solved • 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加ed：study → studied • 重读闭音节双写末尾字母加ed：stop → stopped 【不规则动词过去式（本单元重点）】 • lose → lost 丢失 • wear → wore 穿；戴 • take → took 拿走 • leave → left 落下；离开 • see → saw 看见 • begin → began 开始 • feel → felt 感觉 • say → said 说 • speak → spoke 说（语言） 【否定句和疑问句】 • 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形 例：I didn't see it there. 我在那儿没看到它。 • 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形? 例：When did you take off your cap? 你什么时候摘的帽子？ 语法二：should 表建议 【用法】 should 是情态动词，表示"应该"，后面接动词原形，用来提建议或劝告。 【例句】 • You should be more careful. 你应该更小心。 • What should I do? 我该怎么办？ • You should read English books every day. 你应该每天读英语书。 【否定形式】shouldn't = should not • You shouldn't be late. 你不应该迟到。 语法三：be afraid of + doing sth. 【用法】 be afraid of 后面接名词或动名词（doing形式），表示"害怕……"。 【例句】 • I was afraid of making mistakes. 我害怕犯错。 • She is afraid of dogs. 她害怕狗。 • He is afraid of swimming. 他害怕游泳。 语法四：形容词比较级 【本单元出现的比较级】 • good/well → better 更好 • strong → stronger 更强壮 • smart → smarter 更聪明 • many/much → more 更多 【比较级 + than】表示"比……更……" • There are more solutions than problems. 解决办法比问题多。 • He is taller than me. 他比我高。 五、易混点辨析 1. say vs speak vs talk • say 强调说的内容，后面常接说的话。 例：He said "Hello" to me. 他跟我说"你好"。 • speak 强调说某种语言或发言的动作。 例：I can speak English. 我会说英语。 • talk 强调双方交谈。 例：We often talk in English. 我们经常用英语交谈。 2. took off vs put on vs picked up • take off 脱下；摘下（反义：put on 穿上） 例：I took off my cap before running. 跑步前我摘下了帽子。 • put on 穿上；戴上 例：Put on your coat. It's cold outside. 穿上外套，外面冷。 • pick up 捡起；拾起 例：Someone picked up my cap. 有人捡了我的帽子。 3. stop doing vs stop to do • stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停下正在做的事） 例：Stop talking! 别说话了！ • stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 例：He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息了一下。 【本单元例句】A squirrel jumped down from a tree and stopped the little horse. 松鼠拦住了小马。（这里stop是"拦住"的意思） 4. How about...? 表建议 • How about + doing sth.? = What about + doing sth.? 表示"做某事怎么样？"，用来提建议。 例：How about listening to English songs? 听英语歌怎么样？ 例：How about going for a walk? 去散步怎么样？ • about是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词（doing）形式。 5. ask sb. for help vs ask sb. to do sth. • ask sb. for help 向某人求助（for后面接名词） 例：I asked Jenny for help. 我向Jenny求助了。 • ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事（to后面接动词原形） 例：The mother horse asked the little horse to carry wheat. 马妈妈让小马驮麦子。 六、小拓展 1. 常见不规则动词过去式表（小学阶段） 原形 过去式 中文意思 go went 去 do did 做 have had 有 eat ate 吃 drink drank 喝 run ran 跑 swim swam 游泳 sing sang 唱歌 ride rode 骑 write wrote 写 2. 遇到问题时的英语表达 • What's the matter? 怎么了？ • What's wrong? 怎么了？ • Don't worry. 别担心。 • Take it easy. 别紧张。 • Let me help you. 我来帮你。 • You'll be fine. 你会好起来的。 3. 小马过河故事寓意 • The little horse crossed the river and found the water was just right for him. 小马过河后发现河水对他来说刚刚好。 • 寓意：不要只听别人说，要自己亲自试一试。Don't just listen to others. Try it yourself! 4. 学习英语的好方法 • Read English picture books. 读英语图画书。 • Listen to English songs. 听英语歌。 • Watch English films. 看英语电影。 • Practice speaking English online. 在网上练习说英语。 • Talk with friends in English. 和朋友用英语交谈。 七、单元自测练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空（每小题2分，共20分） 1. I __________ (lose) my cap yesterday. 2. She __________ (wear) a red dress yesterday. 3. He __________ (take) off his coat and went out. 4. I __________ (leave) my book at home this morning. 5. We__________ (not) see it there later. 6. Someone __________ (pick) up my pen. 7. The little horse __________ (begin) to cross the river. 8. I was afraid of __________ (make) mistakes. 9. You should __________ (be) more careful. 10. There are many ways __________ (learn) English. 二、单项选择（每小题2分，共20分） 1. —______ did you solve the problem? —I asked my teacher for help. A. What B. How C. When D. Where 2. I was afraid of ______ mistakes. A. make B. makes C. making D. made 3. You should ______ more careful. A. are B. is C. be D. being 4. —I can't find my pen. —Don't worry. Maybe someone ______ it up. A. pick B. picks C. picked D. picking 5. —______ I borrow your book? —Sure, here you are. A. Am B. Should C. Did D. Was 6. There are ______ solutions than problems. A. many B. much C. more D. most 7. How about ______ English songs? A. listen B. listens C. listening D. listened 8. The little horse wanted ______ the river safely. A. cross B. crosses C. to cross D. crossing 9. I asked my friend ______ help. A. for B. to C. with D. of 10. Each time you solve a problem, you will get ______. A. strong and smart B. stronger and smarter C. strongest and smartest D. more strong and more smart 三、按要求改写句子（每小题3分，共15分） 1. I lost my cap yesterday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you ______ yesterday? 2. You should be more careful.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ more careful. 3. I asked Jenny for help.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ you ______ for help? 4. The water is very deep.（改为否定句） The water ______ very deep. 5. You can read English books.（用how about改写句子） ______ ______ English books? 四、阅读理解（每小题3分，共15分） Last week, Lynn lost her cap. She looked for it everywhere but she couldn't find it. She was sad. Her mum asked her, "When did you take off your cap?" Lynn thought carefully. She took off her cap before PE class and left it on the bench. But she didn't see it there later. Her mum said, "Maybe someone picked it up. Go to the Lost and Found." Lynn went there and found her cap. She also found her blue cap there. She was so lucky! Her mum said, "You should be more careful next time." Lynn said, "Thank you, Mum. I will." 1. What did Lynn lose last week? A. Her bag. B. Her cap. C. Her book. D. Her pen. 2. How did Lynn feel when she couldn't find her cap? A. Happy. B. Sad. C. Angry. D. Tired. 3. Where did Lynn leave her cap? A. In the classroom. B. On the bench. C. At home. D. On the playground. 4. Where did Lynn find her cap? A. In the classroom. B. In the Lost and Found. C. On the playground. D. At home. 5. What did Mum tell Lynn to do? A. Buy a new cap. B. Be more careful. C. Ask her teacher. D. Forget about it. 参考答案 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. lost 2. wore 3. took 4. left 5. didn't see 6. picked 7. began 8. making 9. be 10. to learn 二、单项选择 1-5: B C C C B 6-10: C C C A B 三、按要求改写句子 1. What did; lose 2. shouldn't be 3. Who did; ask 4. isn't 5. How about reading 四、阅读理解 1-5: B B B B B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $