Unit 2 How to solve problems （知识清单）-2026-2027学年冀教版（三起）英语六年级上册

该小学英语知识清单围绕“如何解决问题”主题，系统梳理从问题识别、情绪表达到用一般过去时叙述解决过程的知识体系。通过核心词汇、句型及can/could/should等功能表达，结合Mira、小马等故事构建“发现问题-分析原因-寻求帮助-尝试解决-获得成长”的学习支架。 知识链路按主题、词汇、句型、语法、语篇到口语写作的逻辑递进，每个模块配有分类梳理和用法示例。通过故事阅读培养思维品质，借助“问题-办法-结果”框架提升语言能力，强调从实践中学习解决问题的策略，有效落实核心素养发展需求。

冀教版六年级上册英语 Unit 2 How to solve problems 知识清单 一、单元学习目标 能谈论学习、物品和日常生活中遇到的问题，表达自己的感受。 能用一般过去时讲述解决问题的过程，说明自己采取了什么方法以及结果。 能使用 can, could, should, Why not? 等表达能力、建议和解决办法。 能从 Mira、Lynn、小马和 Alex 的故事中学习求助、思考、尝试和不怕犯错的态度。 二、单元知识地图 项目 本单元重点 主题 How to solve problems：围绕学习困难、物品丢失、过河判断和害怕犯错展开，形成“发现问题—分析原因—寻求帮助—尝试解决—获得成长”的学习链。 核心词汇 problem, solve, mistake, afraid, practice, improve, cap, lose, take off, leave, Lost and Found, deep, safe, solution, worry。 核心句型 How did you solve the problem? / What should I do? / You could ... / Why not? / Don’t worry. / Just try again. 核心语法 一般过去时叙述已经发生的解决过程；can / could 表能力和建议；should 表建议；Why not? 和祈使句提出办法；because 说明原因。 语篇阅读 I can speak English better now 讲 Mira 通过求助和练习提高英语；Lynn lost her cap 讲寻找物品；A little horse crossed the river 讲独立思考。 口语写作 能描述问题、询问解决方法、给出建议，按顺序复述故事，并用“问题—办法—结果”介绍自己的解决经历。 三、重点词汇与语块 类别 词汇 / 语块 用法提示 问题与感受 problem, mistake, afraid, sad, angry, worried, upset, trouble 说明遇到问题时的具体情绪。 解决问题 solve, solution, think carefully, try again, find ways, ask ... for help 形成“思考—求助—尝试”的解决链。 学习方法 speak English, talk in English, watch English films, practice speaking, read picture books, listen to songs 说明提高英语的方法。 物品与位置 cap, bench, Lost and Found, take off, leave, pick up, find 用于讲述物品丢失和找回。 故事动作 carry, cross, ask, stop, wonder, return, think about, know 多用于一般过去时故事复述。 程度与安全 deep, safe, not ... at all, what to do, why not 用于询问判断、表达不同看法和解决办法。 四、核心句型 功能 句型 用法 / 例句 询问问题 What’s the problem? / What happened? I can’t find my cap. What should I do? 询问解决方法 How did you solve the problem? I asked Jenny for help and practiced speaking online. 表达应该做什么 What should I do? / You should ... What should I do? You should think carefully. 提出可行建议 You can / could ... / Why not ...? You could read English picture books. Why not ask your teacher? 表达原因 because ... I asked for help because I was afraid of making mistakes. 安慰鼓励 Don’t worry. / Just try again. Don’t worry. Everyone makes mistakes. Just try again. 表达结果 It helped a lot. / Then you’ll ... It helped a lot. Then you’ll find some solutions. 五、核心语法精讲（一）：一般过去时叙述解决问题的过程 一般过去时用于叙述已经发生的事情。本单元用它讲 Mira 怎样解决英语学习问题、Lynn 怎样找回帽子，以及小马怎样判断河水深浅。时间线索有 before PE class, later, one day, then, at first。 类型 变化方法 本单元例词 / 例句 规则变化 动词加 -ed ask -> asked; practice -> practiced; help -> helped 以 e 结尾 直接加 -d use -> used; like -> liked 辅音字母+y 变 y 为 i 再加 -ed try -> tried; worry -> worried 不规则变化 单独记忆 do -> did; take -> took; leave -> left; go -> went; know -> knew 复述时先找时间顺序，再使用过去式连接动作：Lynn took off her cap, left it on the bench and went to Lost and Found. 否定句用 didn’t + 动词原形：She didn’t see it later. 疑问句用 Did + 主语 + 动词原形：When did you take off your cap? 六、核心语法精讲（二）：can / could 表达能力和建议 can 表示现在的能力或许可，could 在本单元中主要用于较委婉地提出建议。两者后面都接动词原形。 表达 结构 例句 现在能做 can + 动词原形 I can speak English much better now. 请求许可 Can I + 动词原形? Can I cross the river? Yes, you can. 委婉建议 You could + 动词原形 You could read English picture books. 否定能力 can’t + 动词原形 I can’t find my cap. can / could 后不能接 to、-s 或 -ed：You could watch films.（正确）You could to watch films.（错误）She can speaks English.（错误）。can 更直接地表达“能、可以”，could 语气更委婉，适合给别人提供选择。 七、核心语法精讲（三）：should、Why not? 和祈使句提出办法 should 表示“应该”，用于提出建议；Why not + 动词原形? 表示“为什么不……呢”，语气自然；祈使句以动词原形开头，用于直接提醒或鼓励。 表达方式 结构 例句 should 主语 + should + 动词原形 You should be more careful. Why not? Why not + 动词原形? Why not ask your teacher? 祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Think carefully. Try to solve it! 否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 Don’t worry. 给建议时可以按“先安慰—再分析—后行动”组织：Don’t worry. Think carefully. You could ask your parents for help. 句中 should / could 后用动词原形，Why not 后也用动词原形。 八、核心语法精讲（四）：because 说明原因 because 引导原因，回答 Why...? 的问题。本单元用 because 说明人物为什么害怕、为什么求助或为什么采取某种行动。 问句 回答结构 例句 Why did Mira ask Jenny for help? Because + 句子 Because she was afraid of making mistakes. Why didn’t Alex answer questions? Because + 句子 Because he was afraid of making mistakes. Why did the little horse ask his mother? Because + 句子 Because he didn’t know what to do. because 后面要接完整句子，如 because I was worried；不能只接一个单词。回答时既可以把 because 放在句首，也可以放在句末：Because I was worried. / I asked for help because I was worried. 九、语篇阅读：I can speak English better now Mira 原来因为害怕犯错而不愿意在英语课上多说，后来通过向 Jenny 求助、用英语交流、看英文电影和在线练习，最终取得进步。故事强调“寻求帮助 + 持续练习”。 阶段 原文信息 理解要点 问题 Mira was afraid of making mistakes. 害怕犯错导致她不敢多说英语。 求助 She asked Jenny for help. 她主动寻找同伴帮助。 练习 They talked in English, watched films and practiced online. 通过多种方式持续练习。 结果 It helped a lot. She can speak English much better now. 方法有效，能力得到提高。 复述框架：Mira was afraid ... / She asked ... / They often ... / She also ... / It helped ... / Now she can ... 十、语篇阅读：Lynn lost her cap again! 文章用“发现丢失—回忆过程—寻找地点—找到物品”的线索讲 Lynn 找帽子。阅读时要特别关注 before、later 和 Lost and Found。 步骤 原文信息 理解要点 发现 She wore it before PE class, but now she couldn’t find it. 先确定帽子之前戴过，现在不见了。 回忆 She took it off before she ran and left it on the bench. 通过回忆还原摘帽和放置地点。 寻找 Maybe someone picked it up. Go to the Lost and Found. 根据线索推断帽子可能被捡到。 结果 She found her blue cap in the Lost and Found. 帽子找回，妈妈提醒她以后更细心。 十一、语篇阅读：A little horse crossed the river 小马过河告诉我们：别人的意见要结合具体情况判断，不能只听一方。小马先听老牛和松鼠的不同意见，再回去问妈妈，最后亲自过河，得出自己的判断。 故事阶段 原文信息 理解要点 任务 Mother Horse asked him to carry wheat to the mill. 小马接受任务，遇到过河问题。 不同意见 The cow said the river was not deep. The squirrel said it was very deep. 不同动物因大小不同，感受和判断不同。 思考求助 He went back and asked his mother. 小马发现信息冲突，主动寻求更有经验者的帮助。 实践判断 He came back and crossed the river. 结合建议并亲自尝试，获得真实判断。 复述框架：One day ... / On the way ... / The cow said ... but the squirrel said ... / He asked his mother ... / Finally, he crossed the river. 十二、语篇阅读：Think and try! 短文把解决问题归纳为可操作的方法：认识情绪、思考原因、向父母老师朋友求助、寻找解决方案、尝试行动。结尾强调每解决一个问题，人会更强大、更聪明。 方法 表达 行动理解 认识情绪 Get to know your feelings. 先知道自己是难过、生气还是担心。 分析原因 Think about why you feel that way. 思考情绪和问题产生的原因。 寻求帮助 Ask your parents, teachers or friends for help. 向可信任的人求助。 尝试解决 Find some solutions. Have a try! 找到方法并付诸行动。 十三、口语表达：Talk about a problem 表达顺序 句型 示例 说明问题 I have trouble ... / I can’t ... I have trouble remembering new words. 表达感受 I feel ... / I’m afraid of ... I feel worried. I’m afraid of making mistakes. 询问方法 What should I do? / How can I ...? What should I do? How can I remember words? 给出建议 You should / could ... You could read picture books and watch English films. 表达鼓励 Don’t worry. Just try again. Don’t worry. Everyone makes mistakes. 十四、写作表达：Problem—solution—result 介绍一次解决问题的经历，可以按“问题—原因或感受—采取的办法—结果或收获”四步组织。 内容 表达框架 例句 问题 I had a problem with ... I had a problem with English speaking. 原因 / 感受 I was ... because ... I was afraid because I made mistakes. 解决办法 I asked ... / I practiced ... I asked my friend for help and practiced every day. 结果 It helped ... / Now I can ... It helped a lot. Now I can speak better. 十五、单元速记 How to solve problems：发现问题 -> 认识情绪和原因 -> 向他人求助 -> 仔细思考、尝试解决 -> 从经历中成长；语法与输出：一般过去时、can / could、should、Why not?、祈使句、because；能够谈论问题、给出建议和复述解决过程。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $