Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 气象灾害（单元阅读精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 气象灾害 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 260 介绍洪水的成因、危害、频发原因，介绍预警系统、海堤、海绵城市等防洪手段，提出要科学规划、合力抵御洪水灾害。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 250 介绍 2025 年广西特大干旱，分析拉尼娜、高压系统是干旱诱因，讲干旱对饮水、农作物的影响以及政府抗旱措施，感悟自然自有规律。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 科普雪崩，介绍雪崩发生条件、主要诱因、巨大破坏力，给雪山攀登者提出避险、保障安全的相关建议，警示雪崩危险。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 230 介绍如何利用气象卫星等现代科技开展洪水预警，讲解洪水避险方法，说明学习防灾知识、运用科学守护家园的意义。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 约 240 回忆作者小时候经历暴风雨的亲身经历，描述暴风雨来袭过程、一家人应急处理，懂得要重视灾害、提前做好准备。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 约 230 讲述石门县暴雨洪水来袭，作者一家收到通知紧急撤离，虽然财物受损，但全员平安，感悟危险来临要冷静听从指挥。 Passage5 选词填空 说明文 约 220 介绍热浪、洪水、森林火灾、地震等常见自然灾害，讲解灾害避险方法，同时谈及灾后负面情绪的调节方式。 Passage6 选词填空 记叙文 约 240 讲述英国女孩 Tilly 凭借地理课学到的海啸知识，在泰国海滩提前预警，挽救了海滩上众多人的生命，说明知识很重要。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 约 220 介绍 1985 墨西哥城大地震灾情、民众自发救援，讲述余震风险，师生因掌握逃生技能，震后全部安全撤离。 Passage8 语法填空 记叙文 约 230 记录作者亲身经历台风的全过程，台风前储备物资、加固门窗，灾后参与清理街道，懂得防灾准备的重要性。 Passage9 阅读表达 说明文 约 220 介绍湖北强风天气，说明大风成因、带来的破坏，同时客观介绍大风有利的一面：净化空气、助力农作物。 Passage1 Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They often come from heavy rain, rivers that rise too high, or big waves from the sea. Floods are very dangerous—every year, many people lose their lives. Floods also cause other problems. In 2025, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. Floods can wash away roads, bridges, and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia made the country lose about 16% of the money it makes in a year. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, clean food and drinking water are hard to find, and dirty water can make people sick. Floods are happening more often than before. One reason is that the Earth is getting warmer. Warm air holds more water, so rain becomes heavier and storms become stronger. Also, very dry ground cannot take in much water, so rain quickly fills streets and low places. Another problem is rising sea levels. Higher seas mean worse floods near the coast. Big waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by 2100, the world may experience very large floods year after year, not just once every 100 years. So, what can we do? An early warning system can tell people before floods come, so they have time to get to safe places. Sea walls can help stop floodwater. Some cities are becoming “sponge cities”—they build parks and special roads to take in rainwater. In some places, moving people away from flood areas may be the best choice. Floods are a big challenge. But with good planning and teamwork, we can protect our homes and stay safe. 【翻译】 洪水是大量的水淹没陆地时发生的灾害。洪水通常由暴雨、水位暴涨的河流或是海上的巨浪引发。洪水十分危险 —— 每年都有很多人因此丧生。 洪水还会带来其他问题。2025 年，超过 1900 万人因洪水被迫离开家园。洪水能够冲毁道路、桥梁和学校。2023 年，斯洛文尼亚的洪水造成该国损失了大约 16% 的年收入。在美国，洪水每年造成数十亿美元的损失。洪水过后，干净的食物和饮用水很难获取，受污染的污水还会让人生病。 洪水发生得比以往更加频繁。其中一个原因是全球变暖。温暖的空气可以容纳更多水汽，因此降雨更大、风暴更强。另外，极度干旱的土地吸水能力差，雨水会很快灌满街道和低洼地带。海平面上升是另一个难题。海平面越高，沿海地区的洪水灾情就越严重，巨浪会把更多海水推上岸。科学家表示，到 2100 年，全球性大洪水可能会年年发生，而不再是百年一遇。 那么我们可以做些什么？预警系统能够在洪水来临前通知人们，让大家有时间转移到安全区域。海堤可以阻挡洪水。一些城市正在打造 “海绵城市”：修建公园和特殊路面来吸纳雨水。在部分地区，将居民迁出洪水易发区或许是最佳方案。 洪水是一项巨大的挑战。但是依靠合理规划与通力合作，我们可以守护家园、保障安全。 【长难句分析】 1. One reason is that the Earth is getting warmer. ✅ 结构：主系表，that 引导表语从句 翻译：其中一个原因是地球正在变暖。 2. Scientists say that by 2100, the world may experience very large floods year after year, not just once every 100 years. ✅ 结构：主句 + that 引导宾语从句 翻译：科学家表示，到 2100 年，全球性大洪水可能会年年发生，而不再是百年一遇。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. flood n. 洪水 2. rise v. 上升，上涨 3. wave n. 波浪 4. dangerous adj. 危险的 5. wash away 冲走 6. billion num. 十亿 7. experience v. 经历；体验 8. warning n. 警告 9. system n. 系统 10. sponge n. 海绵 11. coast n. 海岸 12. level n. 水平；水位 13. absorb/take in 吸收 14. challenge n. 挑战 15. teamwork n. 协作，合作 16. protect v. 保护 Passage2 In 2025, Guangxi faced a serious drought. No one in Guangxi ever imagined facing such a terrible drought. It changed our green, rainy home into a dry and dead place. From the beginning of November 2024 to May 2025, there was hardly any heavy rain here. Only light rain fell on the ground sometimes. This was the lowest since (自从) 1961. Why did this happen? A weather event called La Niña sent strong winds from the north over Guangxi. Also, the high-pressure system kept wet air away, so it was hotter and less rainy. The unusual drought affected people’s drinking water and crops. Thousands of people didn’t have enough water to drink, and large areas of crops were dying. Many cities like Nanning and Guilin, along with lots of counties (县), had drought problems. In Guigang, some small water pools even had no water left. The government spared no effort to help. They dug many new wells (井) for water and did cloud seeding (人工降雨) many times. The government used a large amount of money to solve the problems, such as rebuilding farms, buying water tools and sending water. These made sure people had enough water until the rainy season came. In June, it rained a lot, and the land turned green again. Guangxi’s drought tells a truth: Nature is like a magic box full of surprises. Just when we think we understand it well enough, it suddenly shows us something we didn’t expect. It reminds us that no matter how much we study and prepare, nature always has its own rules and ways of working. 【翻译】 2025 年，广西遭遇了严重干旱。广西没人曾预想会遇到如此严峻的干旱。它把我们这个绿意盎然、雨水充沛的家园变成了干涸死寂之地。从 2024 年 11 月初到 2025 年 5 月，当地几乎没有大雨，偶尔只有零星小雨。这是自 1961 年以来雨量最低的一段时期。 干旱为何会发生？一种名叫拉尼娜的气象现象给广西带来强劲的北方气流。同时，高压系统阻隔了湿润气流，导致气温偏高、降雨稀少。 这场罕见干旱影响了人们的饮用水和农作物。成千上万的人饮水不足，大片庄稼濒临枯死。南宁、桂林等多个城市以及众多县域都出现旱情。在贵港，一些小型水塘甚至完全干涸。 政府全力开展抗旱救灾。工作人员开凿大量新水井，多次实施人工增雨。政府投入大量资金应对灾情，比如恢复农田、购置供水设备、调运送水。这些举措保障群众用水，直到雨季来临。六月，大雨如期而至，大地重披绿装。 广西干旱事件告诉我们一个道理：大自然就像一个充满未知的神奇盒子。就在我们以为足够了解它的时候，它总会展现出我们预料之外的一面。这提醒我们，无论我们如何研究、如何准备，大自然始终有它自身的规律与运行方式。 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末）An avalanche (雪崩) is a large amount of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain, especially on slopes (斜坡) of 30° to 45°. It can move at a speed of 96 km/h to 129 km/h. Different things can make avalanches happen suddenly. About 90% of avalanches happen because of human activities. Earthquakes and even animals’ movements can also make them happen. Avalanches happen all year round. Most of them are small, but in high mountains, such as the Himalayas, they can be very large and dangerous. When it happens, the fast-moving snow, ice and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They cover people alive and the snow is so heavy that they can’t breathe. Some avalanches cover all the houses and villages along the way. Once an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold. What can we do to stay safe if we want to climb snow mountains? Never start climbing when the snow begins melting, especially in spring. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Keeping quiet in the mountains is also important. And always make sure you have the right tools and know how to use them. Also, you’d better tell someone your plan before climbing so that they can help if needed. 1．The writer introduces “avalanche” by ________. A．giving an example B．making a description C．using pictures D．telling stories 2．The main cause of most avalanches is ________. A．people’s actions B．rising winds C．big earthquakes D．falling temperatures 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The cause of avalanches. B．The types of avalanches. C．The effect of avalanches. D．The speed of avalanches. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To describe the mountain life. B．To explain the form of snow. C．To encourage mountain climbing. D．To warn about avalanche dangers. Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·辽宁本溪·期末）Natural disasters like floods happen sometimes in different parts of China. Learning popular knowledge about floods is necessary for every middle school student, and our country uses modern science and technology to reduce flood losses (损失) year by year. First, knowing early warning signs helps us stay safe. Heavy non-stop rain for several days is a main warning of possible floods. Local weather stations send short messages and TV notices ahead of time with the help of weather satellites (气象卫星), a great achievement of our country’s space science. When floods come, people should move quickly to high and safe ground such as hills or tall buildings, never walk or swim across running flood water. Schools across our country hold safety classes every term to teach students these useful skills. Many hometown villages build strong dams (坝) with new building technology to stop floodwater from entering houses. Our country keeps developing new disaster-prevention science to protect people. Learning disaster science not only lets us keep away from danger, but also encourages teenagers to study science hard, use knowledge to protect our hometown and build a safer living environment in the future. 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways to stop all natural disasters forever. B．Flood science and self-protection knowledge. C．Different kinds of natural disasters worldwide. D．History of big floods in ancient China. 2．What helps send early flood warning? A．Old maps. B．Weather satellites. C．Farm animals. D．Tall trees. 3．Why does the writer advise students to study science? A．To travel around the world easily. B．To make more delicious food. C．To protect hometown against disasters. D．To buy high-tech products. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Different Kinds of Natural Disasters B．Science Helps Us Fight Against Floods C．How to Take a School Safety Class D．The Development of Space Research Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·陕西咸阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Have you ever experienced anything really terrible? One of my worst 1 was going through a storm. One morning when I was eight years old, the TV news 2 that a storm might hit our town. But my parents and I were not going to leave our house because we thought the storm wouldn’t be too 3 . Around 8:00 p.m., the wind began to 4 strongly. About an hour later, it started to rain heavily. The branches of the trees started to break off. I felt the wind pushing me back 5 I opened the door. At about 10:00 p. m., I tried to sleep but the wind was too loud. All of a sudden, we heard a loud noise. The storm broke a window and started to come in. We were so 6 that we couldn’t say a word. Then we 7 to do something. I used rubbish bags to cover the TV and computer. My parents used an old bed to cover the broken 8 . The wind was strong, so they found some wood to keep it in place. 9 , the storm did not get worse. This storm experience made us realize that storms are very dangerous. We should take them seriously and make full 10 before they come. 1．A．suggestions B．solutions C．experiences D．manners 2．A．reported B．refused C．controlled D．wondered 3．A．strict B．hurtful C．private D．serious 4．A．blow B．warn C．shake D．repeat 5．A．so that B．as soon as C．even though D．because of 6．A．joyful B．proud C．shocked D．patient 7．A．decided B．forgot C．feared D．promised 8．A．wall B．roof C．door D．window 9．A．Soundly B．Luckily C．Correctly D．Terribly 10．A．descriptions B．choices C．preparations D．traditions Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·湖南常德·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In mid-May 2026, an extreme rainstorm hit Hupingshan Town in Shimen County. The rain poured down heavily for hours, and the river level 1 very fast. It was a terrifying (恐怖的) night for everyone living near the Xieshui River. At around 2:00 a.m., my father woke me up 2 . “Get up quickly! The 3 is coming!” he shouted. I was still sleepy but felt very 4 when I heard the loud noise of rushing water outside. Community workers were knocking on doors and shouting through loudspeakers, telling everyone to 5 their homes immediately. We knew we had to act fast. Following the instructions, we 6 some dry food, bottled water, and warm clothes. We didn’t have time to pack 7 . My family and I ran out of the house into the heavy rain. The 8 on the road was already deep and muddy (泥泞的). We helped each other walk carefully toward the higher ground. 9 , we reached a safe place—a hotel on the hill. There, we met many neighbors and even some students from a local training center. 10 we lost our homes and belongings, we were safe and alive. This disaster taught me a valuable lesson: when danger strikes, staying calm and listening to instructions can save our lives. 1．A．rose B．dropped C．went 2．A．angrily B．soundly C．anxiously 3．A．flood B．tsunamis C．snowstorm 4．A．bored B．scared C．relaxed 5．A．hide B．rescue C．leave 6．A．threw B．took C．bought 7．A．anything B．nothing C．everything 8．A．water B．thunder C．heatwave 9．A．Sadly B．Suddenly C．Fortunately 10．A．If B．Although C．Because Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·陕西榆林·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) reason  warm  happen  we  danger  feel  most  may  quick  people Natural disasters are harmful to everyone. The 1 common natural disasters include forest fires, floods, heatwaves and earthquakes. All of them can do great harm to the environment and 2 lives. A heatwave can raise the temperature of sea water and it will make sea areas much 3 than before. Global warming is one of the 4 for longer heatwaves, and it is caused by human activities like burning coal and oil. When a flood comes, people must not walk through fast-moving water, because it’s very 5 . If you meet a forest fire, you should protect yourself with a wet towel and run away from the burning area. If you can’t find a safe place 6 , you can stay near a river or a pool. When an earthquake 7 , the first thing is to keep calm, hide under a desk and hold its legs tightly. After a natural disaster, some people 8 feel sad or scared. It’s important to learn how to deal with these feelings. We can share 9 feelings with family members, and they will offer a lot of encouragement. And doing some physical activities can make us 10 better. Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·广东肇庆·期末）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。 explain  that  of  take  run  death  important  fast  could  strange On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, was on holiday in Phuket, Thailand with her family. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the beach, she noticed something 1 . Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves, and the waves were coming in instead 2 going out. Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher had 3 that undersea earthquakes could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! Tilly cried out that a big wave was coming, but her family didn’t believe her. She refused to 4 a single step further, so most of her family returned to the hotel. Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The guard knew about the nearby earthquake and rushed to get people off the beach. Everyone ran as 5 as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming. Tilly was right! Her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 6 , but no one on the beach died that day. This true story shows 7 a small lesson can mean the difference between life and death. Tilly 8 never save so many lives without her geography lesson. Thanks to her quick thinking, people 9 on the beach all escaped safely. It tells us that knowledge is more 10 than we think. Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Did you experience 1 earthquake? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings suddenly fell down, and many people were in danger. People were sleeping at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity. It was reported that about 2 (thousand) of people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became volunteers 3 (help) others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks bringing clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 4 (begin) to give people medicine and tried their best to help people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 5 the evening of September 20th. It was one of 6 (strong) aftershocks in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 7 (we), because it is not a game. 8 (two), we should get ready for everything in time.” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students and the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they 10 (quick) ran out of the buildings. Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·福建·期中）根据提示词以及上下文语境，填出一个或者两个合适的词。 Last year, a typhoon 1 (hit) our city. It was the first time for me to experience a typhoon. Before the typhoon came, the weather forecast warned us to stay indoors. Everyone in my family was busy 2 (make) preparations. My family and I went to the supermarket to buy bottled water, cooked food, and flashlights. We also closed the windows and doors. When the typhoon arrived, the wind blew stronger 3 the rain poured down. The trees outside were shaking, and some power lines were cut off. We lost electricity for three 4 (hour). My dad lit candles, and we stayed together in the living room. After the typhoon, the city was 5 (near) in a mess. Of all the typhoons in recent years, this one hit the 6 (bad). Many trees fell down, and some roads were blocked. My classmates and I took action 7 (clean) the street. This experience taught me how to stay safe during natural disasters. I also learned the 8 (important) of being prepared. Now I always pay attention 9 the weather forecast and keep an emergency kit at home. I try to check the weather more often before going out. The kit includes food, water, a strong rope, 10 knife, a flashlight and other useful things. Being prepared can help us deal with disasters calmly. Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期末）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 In April 2025, Hubei Province met strong winds and brought lots of problems to local people. Spring in Hubei is usually warm with soft wind, but this time strong winds swept Wuhan, Xiangyang and other cities. The wind speed reached over eighty kilometres per hour. Before the wind came, the weather was dry and warm. Meteorologists said cold air from the north caused the strong wind. Hubei is in central China. It is mainly made up of plains and mountains. Wind blew harder on open land, while mountains could slow the wind down. People closed window s tightly to stop possible damage. Many trees and advertising signs fell down. Roads are covered with broken branches. Besides, all outdoor activities were put off. People were told to stay at home. To keep safe, experts asked people not to walk near tall buildings and close windows well. Few people saw such strong spring winds, so many felt scared. Though the wind brought much trouble to people’s life, it also had good sides. For example, they helped reduce air pollution by blowing away smog (雾霾) and make the sky clearer. Farmers also welcomed them because they not only kept mold (霉菌) away from damaging crops but also brought needed rain. 1．How fast did the strong wind blow? 2．Why did people shut their windows tightly? 3．List two bad influences that the strong winds bring to people’s life. 4．What preparations should we make in daily life before natural disasters come? (More than 30 words) 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 气象灾害 单元阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 260 介绍洪水的成因、危害、频发原因，介绍预警系统、海堤、海绵城市等防洪手段，提出要科学规划、合力抵御洪水灾害。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 250 介绍 2025 年广西特大干旱，分析拉尼娜、高压系统是干旱诱因，讲干旱对饮水、农作物的影响以及政府抗旱措施，感悟自然自有规律。 实战演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 约 240 科普雪崩，介绍雪崩发生条件、主要诱因、巨大破坏力，给雪山攀登者提出避险、保障安全的相关建议，警示雪崩危险。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 约 230 介绍如何利用气象卫星等现代科技开展洪水预警，讲解洪水避险方法，说明学习防灾知识、运用科学守护家园的意义。 Passage3 完形填空 记叙文 约 240 回忆作者小时候经历暴风雨的亲身经历，描述暴风雨来袭过程、一家人应急处理，懂得要重视灾害、提前做好准备。 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 约 230 讲述石门县暴雨洪水来袭，作者一家收到通知紧急撤离，虽然财物受损，但全员平安，感悟危险来临要冷静听从指挥。 Passage5 选词填空 说明文 约 220 介绍热浪、洪水、森林火灾、地震等常见自然灾害，讲解灾害避险方法，同时谈及灾后负面情绪的调节方式。 Passage6 选词填空 记叙文 约 240 讲述英国女孩 Tilly 凭借地理课学到的海啸知识，在泰国海滩提前预警，挽救了海滩上众多人的生命，说明知识很重要。 Passage7 语法填空 说明文 约 220 介绍 1985 墨西哥城大地震灾情、民众自发救援，讲述余震风险，师生因掌握逃生技能，震后全部安全撤离。 Passage8 语法填空 记叙文 约 230 记录作者亲身经历台风的全过程，台风前储备物资、加固门窗，灾后参与清理街道，懂得防灾准备的重要性。 Passage9 阅读表达 说明文 约 220 介绍湖北强风天气，说明大风成因、带来的破坏，同时客观介绍大风有利的一面：净化空气、助力农作物。 Passage1 Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They often come from heavy rain, rivers that rise too high, or big waves from the sea. Floods are very dangerous—every year, many people lose their lives. Floods also cause other problems. In 2025, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. Floods can wash away roads, bridges, and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia made the country lose about 16% of the money it makes in a year. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, clean food and drinking water are hard to find, and dirty water can make people sick. Floods are happening more often than before. One reason is that the Earth is getting warmer. Warm air holds more water, so rain becomes heavier and storms become stronger. Also, very dry ground cannot take in much water, so rain quickly fills streets and low places. Another problem is rising sea levels. Higher seas mean worse floods near the coast. Big waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by 2100, the world may experience very large floods year after year, not just once every 100 years. So, what can we do? An early warning system can tell people before floods come, so they have time to get to safe places. Sea walls can help stop floodwater. Some cities are becoming “sponge cities”—they build parks and special roads to take in rainwater. In some places, moving people away from flood areas may be the best choice. Floods are a big challenge. But with good planning and teamwork, we can protect our homes and stay safe. 【翻译】 洪水是大量的水淹没陆地时发生的灾害。洪水通常由暴雨、水位暴涨的河流或是海上的巨浪引发。洪水十分危险 —— 每年都有很多人因此丧生。 洪水还会带来其他问题。2025 年，超过 1900 万人因洪水被迫离开家园。洪水能够冲毁道路、桥梁和学校。2023 年，斯洛文尼亚的洪水造成该国损失了大约 16% 的年收入。在美国，洪水每年造成数十亿美元的损失。洪水过后，干净的食物和饮用水很难获取，受污染的污水还会让人生病。 洪水发生得比以往更加频繁。其中一个原因是全球变暖。温暖的空气可以容纳更多水汽，因此降雨更大、风暴更强。另外，极度干旱的土地吸水能力差，雨水会很快灌满街道和低洼地带。海平面上升是另一个难题。海平面越高，沿海地区的洪水灾情就越严重，巨浪会把更多海水推上岸。科学家表示，到 2100 年，全球性大洪水可能会年年发生，而不再是百年一遇。 那么我们可以做些什么？预警系统能够在洪水来临前通知人们，让大家有时间转移到安全区域。海堤可以阻挡洪水。一些城市正在打造 “海绵城市”：修建公园和特殊路面来吸纳雨水。在部分地区，将居民迁出洪水易发区或许是最佳方案。 洪水是一项巨大的挑战。但是依靠合理规划与通力合作，我们可以守护家园、保障安全。 【长难句分析】 1. One reason is that the Earth is getting warmer. ✅ 结构：主系表，that 引导表语从句 翻译：其中一个原因是地球正在变暖。 2. Scientists say that by 2100, the world may experience very large floods year after year, not just once every 100 years. ✅ 结构：主句 + that 引导宾语从句 翻译：科学家表示，到 2100 年，全球性大洪水可能会年年发生，而不再是百年一遇。 【重难词汇梳理】 1. flood n. 洪水 2. rise v. 上升，上涨 3. wave n. 波浪 4. dangerous adj. 危险的 5. wash away 冲走 6. billion num. 十亿 7. experience v. 经历；体验 8. warning n. 警告 9. system n. 系统 10. sponge n. 海绵 11. coast n. 海岸 12. level n. 水平；水位 13. absorb/take in 吸收 14. challenge n. 挑战 15. teamwork n. 协作，合作 16. protect v. 保护 Passage2 In 2025, Guangxi faced a serious drought. No one in Guangxi ever imagined facing such a terrible drought. It changed our green, rainy home into a dry and dead place. From the beginning of November 2024 to May 2025, there was hardly any heavy rain here. Only light rain fell on the ground sometimes. This was the lowest since (自从) 1961. Why did this happen? A weather event called La Niña sent strong winds from the north over Guangxi. Also, the high-pressure system kept wet air away, so it was hotter and less rainy. The unusual drought affected people’s drinking water and crops. Thousands of people didn’t have enough water to drink, and large areas of crops were dying. Many cities like Nanning and Guilin, along with lots of counties (县), had drought problems. In Guigang, some small water pools even had no water left. The government spared no effort to help. They dug many new wells (井) for water and did cloud seeding (人工降雨) many times. The government used a large amount of money to solve the problems, such as rebuilding farms, buying water tools and sending water. These made sure people had enough water until the rainy season came. In June, it rained a lot, and the land turned green again. Guangxi’s drought tells a truth: Nature is like a magic box full of surprises. Just when we think we understand it well enough, it suddenly shows us something we didn’t expect. It reminds us that no matter how much we study and prepare, nature always has its own rules and ways of working. 【翻译】 2025 年，广西遭遇了严重干旱。广西没人曾预想会遇到如此严峻的干旱。它把我们这个绿意盎然、雨水充沛的家园变成了干涸死寂之地。从 2024 年 11 月初到 2025 年 5 月，当地几乎没有大雨，偶尔只有零星小雨。这是自 1961 年以来雨量最低的一段时期。 干旱为何会发生？一种名叫拉尼娜的气象现象给广西带来强劲的北方气流。同时，高压系统阻隔了湿润气流，导致气温偏高、降雨稀少。 这场罕见干旱影响了人们的饮用水和农作物。成千上万的人饮水不足，大片庄稼濒临枯死。南宁、桂林等多个城市以及众多县域都出现旱情。在贵港，一些小型水塘甚至完全干涸。 政府全力开展抗旱救灾。工作人员开凿大量新水井，多次实施人工增雨。政府投入大量资金应对灾情，比如恢复农田、购置供水设备、调运送水。这些举措保障群众用水，直到雨季来临。六月，大雨如期而至，大地重披绿装。 广西干旱事件告诉我们一个道理：大自然就像一个充满未知的神奇盒子。就在我们以为足够了解它的时候，它总会展现出我们预料之外的一面。这提醒我们，无论我们如何研究、如何准备，大自然始终有它自身的规律与运行方式。 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·陕西咸阳·期末）An avalanche (雪崩) is a large amount of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain, especially on slopes (斜坡) of 30° to 45°. It can move at a speed of 96 km/h to 129 km/h. Different things can make avalanches happen suddenly. About 90% of avalanches happen because of human activities. Earthquakes and even animals’ movements can also make them happen. Avalanches happen all year round. Most of them are small, but in high mountains, such as the Himalayas, they can be very large and dangerous. When it happens, the fast-moving snow, ice and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They cover people alive and the snow is so heavy that they can’t breathe. Some avalanches cover all the houses and villages along the way. Once an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold. What can we do to stay safe if we want to climb snow mountains? Never start climbing when the snow begins melting, especially in spring. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Keeping quiet in the mountains is also important. And always make sure you have the right tools and know how to use them. Also, you’d better tell someone your plan before climbing so that they can help if needed. 1．The writer introduces “avalanche” by ________. A．giving an example B．making a description C．using pictures D．telling stories 2．The main cause of most avalanches is ________. A．people’s actions B．rising winds C．big earthquakes D．falling temperatures 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．The cause of avalanches. B．The types of avalanches. C．The effect of avalanches. D．The speed of avalanches. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To describe the mountain life. B．To explain the form of snow. C．To encourage mountain climbing. D．To warn about avalanche dangers. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了雪崩的定义、成因及其巨大的破坏力，并重点提供了在雪山攀登时预防雪崩、保障安全的具体建议。 1．第一段给出表述：“An avalanche is a large amount of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly... It can move at a speed of 96 km/h to 129 km/h.”，作者通过介绍雪崩的组成物质、发生地形和移动速度来引入主题，这种方式属于描述性说明。 2．第二段点明关键信息：“About 90% of avalanches happen because of human activities”，说明绝大多数的雪崩由人类活动引发。 3．第三段主要描述了雪崩发生时的后果：“sweep away everything”、“cover people alive”、“cover all the houses”以及“make people under it die of the cold”，这些都在阐述雪崩带来的危害和影响。 4．作者详细科普雪崩的相关特性与危害性，同时罗列多项登山规避雪崩的注意事项，写作意图是提醒大众警惕雪崩潜藏的危险。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·辽宁本溪·期末）Natural disasters like floods happen sometimes in different parts of China. Learning popular knowledge about floods is necessary for every middle school student, and our country uses modern science and technology to reduce flood losses (损失) year by year. First, knowing early warning signs helps us stay safe. Heavy non-stop rain for several days is a main warning of possible floods. Local weather stations send short messages and TV notices ahead of time with the help of weather satellites (气象卫星), a great achievement of our country’s space science. When floods come, people should move quickly to high and safe ground such as hills or tall buildings, never walk or swim across running flood water. Schools across our country hold safety classes every term to teach students these useful skills. Many hometown villages build strong dams (坝) with new building technology to stop floodwater from entering houses. Our country keeps developing new disaster-prevention science to protect people. Learning disaster science not only lets us keep away from danger, but also encourages teenagers to study science hard, use knowledge to protect our hometown and build a safer living environment in the future. 1．What is the text mainly about? A．Ways to stop all natural disasters forever. B．Flood science and self-protection knowledge. C．Different kinds of natural disasters worldwide. D．History of big floods in ancient China. 2．What helps send early flood warning? A．Old maps. B．Weather satellites. C．Farm animals. D．Tall trees. 3．Why does the writer advise students to study science? A．To travel around the world easily. B．To make more delicious food. C．To protect hometown against disasters. D．To buy high-tech products. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Different Kinds of Natural Disasters B．Science Helps Us Fight Against Floods C．How to Take a School Safety Class D．The Development of Space Research 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了关于洪水的科普知识及自我保护方法。文章指出，通过气象卫星等现代科技手段可以提前预警洪水，同时介绍了洪水来临时的避险措施（如向高处转移、不涉水等）。最后强调学习防灾科学知识不仅能保护自身安全，还能鼓励青少年努力学习科学，未来更好地保护家乡。 1．文章第一段提出主题：学习洪水常识和利用科技减少损失。第二段讲预警信号和科技手段，第三段讲避险措施，第四段总结学习防灾科学的意义。因此，文章主要讲的是洪水科学知识和自我保护知识。 2．根据第二段内容：“Local weather stations send short messages and TV notices ahead of time with the help of weather satellites...”，可知帮助发送早期洪水预警的是气象卫星。 3．根据最后一段内容：“...encourages teenagers to study science hard, use knowledge to protect our hometown and build a safer living environment in the future.”，可知作者建议学生学习科学是为了用知识保护家乡免受灾害。 4．文章贯穿了“科技/科学”在防洪中的作用：气象卫星预警、新建筑技术建坝、学习防灾科学。B项“Science Helps Us Fight Against Floods”（科学帮助我们对抗洪水）既涵盖了科技手段，也包含了人的应对知识，最符合全文主旨。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·陕西咸阳·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Have you ever experienced anything really terrible? One of my worst 1 was going through a storm. One morning when I was eight years old, the TV news 2 that a storm might hit our town. But my parents and I were not going to leave our house because we thought the storm wouldn’t be too 3 . Around 8:00 p.m., the wind began to 4 strongly. About an hour later, it started to rain heavily. The branches of the trees started to break off. I felt the wind pushing me back 5 I opened the door. At about 10:00 p. m., I tried to sleep but the wind was too loud. All of a sudden, we heard a loud noise. The storm broke a window and started to come in. We were so 6 that we couldn’t say a word. Then we 7 to do something. I used rubbish bags to cover the TV and computer. My parents used an old bed to cover the broken 8 . The wind was strong, so they found some wood to keep it in place. 9 , the storm did not get worse. This storm experience made us realize that storms are very dangerous. We should take them seriously and make full 10 before they come. 1．A．suggestions B．solutions C．experiences D．manners 2．A．reported B．refused C．controlled D．wondered 3．A．strict B．hurtful C．private D．serious 4．A．blow B．warn C．shake D．repeat 5．A．so that B．as soon as C．even though D．because of 6．A．joyful B．proud C．shocked D．patient 7．A．decided B．forgot C．feared D．promised 8．A．wall B．roof C．door D．window 9．A．Soundly B．Luckily C．Correctly D．Terribly 10．A．descriptions B．choices C．preparations D．traditions 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己八岁时经历一场暴风雨的往事，讲述了暴风雨来袭的过程、一家人的应对措施，以及这次经历让作者明白要认真对待气象灾害、提前做好准备的道理。 1．句意：我最糟糕的经历之一就是遭遇一场暴风雨。 根据原文“was going through a storm”可知，遭遇暴风雨是一段亲身经历，experiences意为“经历”，one of + 可数名词复数表示“……之一”，符合语境。suggestions“建议”；solutions“解决办法”；manners“礼貌”，均和遭遇暴风雨的事件不匹配，不符合语境。 2．句意：我八岁时的一天早上，电视新闻报道一场暴风雨可能会袭击我们镇。 根据原文“the TV news”与 “that a storm might hit our town”的对应关系，新闻的功能是播报消息，reported意为“报道”，符合语境。refused“拒绝”；controlled“控制”；wondered“想知道”，均不符合新闻播报的属性，不符合语境。 3．句意：但我和父母不打算离开家，因为我们觉得暴风雨不会太严重。 根据前文“not going to leave our house”可知，我们选择不撤离，是认为暴风雨的程度不会很重，serious意为“严重的”，符合语境。strict“严格的”；hurtful“伤人的”；private“私人的”，均不能用来描述暴风雨的强度，不符合语境。 4．句意：晚上八点左右，风开始猛烈地刮起来。 句子主语是the wind，风的核心动作是吹，blow意为“吹”，符合语境。warn“警告”；shake“摇晃”；repeat“重复”，均不能描述风的动作，不符合语境。 5．句意：我一打开门，就感觉到风把我往后推。 根据原文“I opened the door”和“I felt the wind pushing me back”的逻辑关系，开门的瞬间就感受到风力，as soon as 意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。so that“以便” 表目的；even though“尽管”表让步；because of“因为”，后接名词短语，均不符合句子的时间逻辑，不符合语境。 6．句意：我们太震惊了，一句话也说不出来。 根据前文“The storm broke a window and started to come in.”可知，暴风雨破窗而入是突发意外，人会受到惊吓，shocked意为“震惊的”，符合语境。joyful“开心的”；proud“骄傲的”；patient“耐心的”，均不符合意外发生时的情绪，不符合语境。 7．句意：然后我们决定做点什么。 后文分别介绍了“我”和父母各自的应对行动，说明一家人做出了行动的决定，decided意为“决定”，符合语境。forgot“忘记”；feared“害怕”；promised“承诺”，均不能引出后文的具体措施，不符合语境。 8．句意：我父母用一张旧床盖住了破碎的窗户。 根据前文“The storm broke a window”可知，被暴风雨损坏的是窗户，因此要遮盖破窗，window意为“窗户”，符合语境。wall“墙”；roof“屋顶”；door“门”，均和前文打破窗户的情节不对应，不符合语境。 9．句意：幸运的是，暴风雨没有变得更糟。 根据后文“the storm did not get worse”可知，灾情没有恶化是值得庆幸的事，Luckily意为“幸运地”，符合语境。Soundly“酣畅地”；Correctly“正确地”；Terribly“糟糕地”，均不能体现情况转好的庆幸感，不符合语境。 10．句意：我们应该认真对待它们，在它们来临之前做好充分的准备。 根据常识，暴风雨来临前要做好准备，固定搭配make preparations意为“做准备”，preparations意为“准备”，符合应对灾害的语境。descriptions“描述”；choices“选择”；traditions“传统”，均不能构成应对气象灾害的相关表达，不符合语境。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·湖南常德·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In mid-May 2026, an extreme rainstorm hit Hupingshan Town in Shimen County. The rain poured down heavily for hours, and the river level 1 very fast. It was a terrifying (恐怖的) night for everyone living near the Xieshui River. At around 2:00 a.m., my father woke me up 2 . “Get up quickly! The 3 is coming!” he shouted. I was still sleepy but felt very 4 when I heard the loud noise of rushing water outside. Community workers were knocking on doors and shouting through loudspeakers, telling everyone to 5 their homes immediately. We knew we had to act fast. Following the instructions, we 6 some dry food, bottled water, and warm clothes. We didn’t have time to pack 7 . My family and I ran out of the house into the heavy rain. The 8 on the road was already deep and muddy (泥泞的). We helped each other walk carefully toward the higher ground. 9 , we reached a safe place—a hotel on the hill. There, we met many neighbors and even some students from a local training center. 10 we lost our homes and belongings, we were safe and alive. This disaster taught me a valuable lesson: when danger strikes, staying calm and listening to instructions can save our lives. 1．A．rose B．dropped C．went 2．A．angrily B．soundly C．anxiously 3．A．flood B．tsunamis C．snowstorm 4．A．bored B．scared C．relaxed 5．A．hide B．rescue C．leave 6．A．threw B．took C．bought 7．A．anything B．nothing C．everything 8．A．water B．thunder C．heatwave 9．A．Sadly B．Suddenly C．Fortunately 10．A．If B．Although C．Because 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述2026年5月石门县壶瓶山镇遭遇暴雨洪水，作者一家人紧急撤离，最终安全到达避难所的经历及感悟。 1．句意：大雨持续下了几个小时，河水水位上涨得非常快。 根据前文“rain poured down heavily (雨下得很大)” ，可知水位会“上升”。应选用rose。 2．句意：大约凌晨两点，父亲焦急地叫醒了我。 根据后文“Get up quickly! (快点起床)”及紧急情境，可知父亲很“焦急”。应选用anxiously。 3．句意：“快起来！洪水来了！”他喊道。 根据第一段“rainstorm”及“river level”可知，此处指“洪水”。应选用flood。 4．句意：我仍然很困，但听到外面湍急的水声时，我感到非常害怕。 根据第一段“terrifying (恐怖的) night”及“the loud noise of rushing water outside (外面湍急的水声)”可知，此时的感受是“害怕”。应选用scared。 5．句意：社区工作者在敲门并通过扩音器喊话，告诉每个人立即离开他们的家。 根据前文“The flood is coming”可知，洪水来了，社区工作者让大家“离开”家。应选用leave。 6．句意：按照指示，我们带上了一些干粮、瓶装水和保暖衣物。 根据第二段最后一句“telling everyone to leave their homes immediately.”可知，撤离时需要“带上”必需品，应选用took。 7．句意：没时间打包所有东西。 根据“didn’t have time”及只带了必需品，可知没带“所有东西”。应选用everything。 8．句意：路上的水已经很深且泥泞。 根据前文“heavy rain (大雨)”及后文“muddy (泥泞的)”，可知是路上的“积水”。应选用water。 9．句意：幸运的是，我们到达了一个安全的地方——山上的一个旅馆。 根据“reached a safe place (到达了一个安全的地方)”，可知是“幸运的”结果。应选用副词Fortunately，修饰整个句子。 10．句意：虽然我们失去了家园和财物，但我们是安全且活着的。 根据“lost our homes”与“safe and alive”的转折关系可知，“虽然”失去了家园但是安全且活着。应选用Although。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·陕西榆林·期末）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 (每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。) reason  warm  happen  we  danger  feel  most  may  quick  people Natural disasters are harmful to everyone. The 1 common natural disasters include forest fires, floods, heatwaves and earthquakes. All of them can do great harm to the environment and 2 lives. A heatwave can raise the temperature of sea water and it will make sea areas much 3 than before. Global warming is one of the 4 for longer heatwaves, and it is caused by human activities like burning coal and oil. When a flood comes, people must not walk through fast-moving water, because it’s very 5 . If you meet a forest fire, you should protect yourself with a wet towel and run away from the burning area. If you can’t find a safe place 6 , you can stay near a river or a pool. When an earthquake 7 , the first thing is to keep calm, hide under a desk and hold its legs tightly. After a natural disaster, some people 8 feel sad or scared. It’s important to learn how to deal with these feelings. We can share 9 feelings with family members, and they will offer a lot of encouragement. And doing some physical activities can make us 10 better. 【答案】 1．most 2．people’s 3．warmer 4．reasons 5．dangerous 6．quickly 7．happens 8．may 9．our 10．feel 【导语】本文介绍各类常见自然灾害，讲解热浪、洪水、森林火灾、地震带来的危害、形成诱因与避险方法，同时说明灾后人们易产生负面情绪以及调节情绪的办法。 1．句意：最常见的自然灾害包括森林火灾、洪水、热浪和地震。空后是形容词common，备选词most可以和形容词构成最高级the most common，意为“最常见的”，贴合文中列举多种典型灾害的语境，因此填most。 2．句意：它们都会对环境和人们的生命造成巨大伤害。空后是名词lives，需要表达所属关系，备选词people转换为名词所有格people’s，用来修饰lives，people’s lives表示人们的生命，符合语义，因此填people’s。 3．句意：热浪会提升海水温度，让海域比从前暖和得多。句中有比较级标志词than，much常用来修饰形容词比较级，备选词warm的比较级为warmer，表达更温暖，契合海水升温的内容，因此填warmer。 4．句意：全球变暖是热浪持续时间变长的原因之一，它由烧煤、石油这类人类活动引发。固定结构one of后必须搭配可数名词复数，备选词reason表示原因，复数形式为reasons，one of the reasons表示众多原因中的一个，因此填reasons。 5．句意：洪水来临时，人们不能在湍急水流中行走，因为这十分危险。系动词is后面需要形容词作表语，备选词danger是名词，转换为形容词dangerous意为危险的，用来形容湍急水流的危险性，因此填dangerous。 6．句意：如果你无法快速找到安全区域，可以待在河边或池塘旁。空格修饰动词find，副词才可修饰动词，备选词quick是形容词，变形为副词quickly，意为快速地，修饰寻找安全地点这个动作，因此填quickly。 7．句意：当地震发生时，首要事情是保持冷静，躲在桌下并紧紧抓住桌腿。主语an earthquake是单数名词，全文时态为一般现在时，备选词 happen表示发生，第三人称单数形式为happens，符合主谓一致规则，因此填happens。 8．句意：自然灾害过后，一些人可能会感到悲伤或恐惧。空格后紧跟动词原形feel，只有情态动词后能接动词原形，备选词may是情态动词，意为可能，用来推测人们灾后的情绪，因此填may。 9．句意：我们可以和家人倾诉我们的情绪，他们会给予很多鼓励。空后是名词feelings，需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词，备选主格we转换为形容词性物主代词our，意为我们的，修饰情绪，因此填our。 10．句意：并且做一些体能活动能让我们感觉好一些。固定搭配make sb. do sth.要求此处使用动词原形，备选词feel意为感觉，贴合运动缓解负面情绪的句意，因此填feel。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·广东肇庆·期末）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置。 explain  that  of  take  run  death  important  fast  could  strange On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, was on holiday in Phuket, Thailand with her family. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the beach, she noticed something 1 . Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves, and the waves were coming in instead 2 going out. Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher had 3 that undersea earthquakes could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! Tilly cried out that a big wave was coming, but her family didn’t believe her. She refused to 4 a single step further, so most of her family returned to the hotel. Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The guard knew about the nearby earthquake and rushed to get people off the beach. Everyone ran as 5 as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming. Tilly was right! Her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 6 , but no one on the beach died that day. This true story shows 7 a small lesson can mean the difference between life and death. Tilly 8 never save so many lives without her geography lesson. Thanks to her quick thinking, people 9 on the beach all escaped safely. It tells us that knowledge is more 10 than we think. 【答案】 1．strange 2．of 3．explained 4．take 5．fast 6．deaths 7．that 8．could 9．running 10．important 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了10岁英国女孩Tilly Smith凭借地理课上学到的海啸知识，在2004年泰国海啸中成功拯救海滩上众人的故事。 1．句意：但当Tilly沿着海滩散步时，她注意到了某种奇怪的东西。此处应为一个形容词，作宾语something的补足语，描述她注意到的现象。下文提到“海浪顶部形成厚厚的白色泡沫，海浪涌进来而不是退出去”，结合“noticed something _____”这一结构，方框中形容词strange“奇怪的”符合。 2．句意：海浪涌进来而不是退出去。此处应为一个介词，与instead构成固定搭配instead of，表示“而不是”。上文提到海浪涌进来，下文提到退出去，结合“instead _____ going out”这一结构，方框中of符合。 3．句意：两周前，她的地理老师解释过，海底地震可能产生称为海啸的危险波浪。此处应为一个动词，在句中作谓语，描述老师讲过关于海啸的知识。上文提到Tilly想起重要的事情，下文提到老师讲过海啸，结合“Two weeks before”（两周前）这一时间状语，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，结构为had + 过去分词，方框中explain“说明”符合，需变为过去分词explained，与had构成had explained。 4．句意：她拒绝再往前走一步。此处应为一个动词，与a step构成动宾搭配take a step。上文提到Tilly大喊有大浪要来，但家人不相信，她坚持不走，结合“refused to _____ a single step”这一结构，方框中take符合，to后接动词原形。 5．句意：当大家看到一堵巨大的水墙涌来时，都尽可能快地跑。此处应为一个副词，修饰动词ran，描述跑的速度。上文提到警卫让人们离开海滩，大家看到巨浪后迅速逃跑，结合“as _____ as they could”这一结构，方框中fast“快速地”符合，也符合固定结构as+副词原级+as。 6．句意：2004年的海啸造成了超过20万人死亡。此处应为一个名词，作caused的宾语，表示“死亡人数”。上文提到海啸造成重大伤亡，结合“over 200,000 _____”这一语境，方框中death符合，需变为复数deaths。 7．句意：这个真实的故事表明，一个小小的教训可以意味着生与死的差别。此处应为一个连词，引导宾语从句，作shows的宾语，从句成分完整，用that引导。方框中that符合。 8．句意：如果没有地理课，Tilly不可能拯救这么多生命。此处应为一个情态动词，表示“能够”，与never构成双重否定表示“不可能”。上文提到地理课上的知识救了人，结合“never save so many lives without”这一语境，方框中could“可能”符合。 9．句意：多亏了她的快速反应，海滩上的人全都安全逃脱。此处应为一个现在分词，作后置定语修饰people，描述当时海滩上的人正在进行的动作。上文提到人们在海滩上活动，结合“people _____ on the beach”这一结构，方框中run符合，需变为现在分词running。 10．句意：它告诉我们，知识比我们想象的更重要。此处应为一个形容词，作表语，与more构成比较级，表示“更重要的”。上文提到知识救了生命，结合“more _____ than we think”这一结构，方框中important符合。 Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Did you experience 1 earthquake? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings suddenly fell down, and many people were in danger. People were sleeping at that time. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity. It was reported that about 2 (thousand) of people died in the earthquake. Lots of people in Mexico City became volunteers 3 (help) others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They took risks bringing clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 4 (begin) to give people medicine and tried their best to help people on crowded streets. The aftershock (余震) happened 5 the evening of September 20th. It was one of 6 (strong) aftershocks in Mexico. “I told my students two things. First, we should protect 7 (we), because it is not a game. 8 (two), we should get ready for everything in time.” said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students and the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they 10 (quick) ran out of the buildings. 【导语】本文介绍1985年墨西哥城大地震的情况及人们互助救援和学校师生安全撤离的故事。 1．句意：你经历过地震吗？空格后“earthquake”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一次”，需用不定冠词修饰；earthquake以元音音素开头，故用an。 2．句意：据报道，大约数千人在地震中丧生。“thousands of”是固定短语，意为“数千的”，表示约数。 3．句意：墨西哥城的许多人成为志愿者去帮助他人。空格处表示成为志愿者的目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语，故用to help。 4．句意：一些医生和护士开始给人们发放药品，并在拥挤的街道上尽全力帮助人们。叙述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began。 5．句意：余震发生在9月20日晚上。“on the evening of”是固定搭配，表示“在……的晚上”，具体某天的晚上用介词on。 6．句意：这是墨西哥最强的余震之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定搭配，strong的最高级是the strongest。 7．句意：首先，我们应当保护好我们自己，因为这不是一场游戏。“protect oneself”是动词短语，意为“保护自己”，主语是we，需用反身代词ourselves。 8．句意：第二，我们应该及时为一切做好准备。根据上文“First”可知，此处列举第二点，需用序数词Second，位于句首首字母大写。 9．句意：虽然学校的所有建筑都损坏了，但每个人都是安全的。空格后是完整句子，与主句构成让步关系，需用从属连词Although引导让步状语从句。 10．句意：……他们迅速跑出了建筑物。空格处修饰动词“ran”，需用副词作状语，表示“迅速地”，quick的副词形式是quickly。 Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·福建·期中）根据提示词以及上下文语境，填出一个或者两个合适的词。 Last year, a typhoon 1 (hit) our city. It was the first time for me to experience a typhoon. Before the typhoon came, the weather forecast warned us to stay indoors. Everyone in my family was busy 2 (make) preparations. My family and I went to the supermarket to buy bottled water, cooked food, and flashlights. We also closed the windows and doors. When the typhoon arrived, the wind blew stronger 3 the rain poured down. The trees outside were shaking, and some power lines were cut off. We lost electricity for three 4 (hour). My dad lit candles, and we stayed together in the living room. After the typhoon, the city was 5 (near) in a mess. Of all the typhoons in recent years, this one hit the 6 (bad). Many trees fell down, and some roads were blocked. My classmates and I took action 7 (clean) the street. This experience taught me how to stay safe during natural disasters. I also learned the 8 (important) of being prepared. Now I always pay attention 9 the weather forecast and keep an emergency kit at home. I try to check the weather more often before going out. The kit includes food, water, a strong rope, 10 knife, a flashlight and other useful things. Being prepared can help us deal with disasters calmly. 【导语】本文讲述作者经历台风的过程及从中学到的防灾准备知识。 1．句意：去年，一场台风袭击了我们的城市。时间状语“Last year”是过去时的标志，需用一般过去时，hit的过去式仍为hit。 2．句意：我家里的每个人都在忙着做准备。“be busy doing sth.”是形容词短语，意为“忙于做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，make的动名词形式是making。 3．句意：台风来袭时，风刮得更猛烈，大雨倾盆而下。“wind blew stronger”与“rain poured down”是并列关系，描述台风来临时的情景，需用并列连词and连接。 4．句意：我们停电了三个小时。“three”后需接可数名词复数，hour的复数形式是hours。 5．句意：台风过后，这座城市几乎一片狼藉。空格处修饰介词短语“in a mess”，表示“几乎”，需用副词nearly。 6．句意：在近年来的所有台风中，这一次造成的影响最严重。空格前“the”后需接副词的最高级，修饰动词“hit”，bad的最高级是worst。 7．句意：我和同学们采取行动打扫街道。空格处表示采取行动的目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语，故用to clean。 8．句意：我也学到了做好准备的重要性。定冠词“the”后需接名词，important的名词形式是importance。 9．句意：现在我总会关注天气预报，并在家里备好应急包。“pay attention to”是动词短语，意为“注意”，为固定搭配。 10．句意：应急包里有食物、水、结实的绳子、一把刀、手电筒以及其他有用物品。空格后“knife”为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一把”，需用不定冠词a修饰。 Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期末）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。 In April 2025, Hubei Province met strong winds and brought lots of problems to local people. Spring in Hubei is usually warm with soft wind, but this time strong winds swept Wuhan, Xiangyang and other cities. The wind speed reached over eighty kilometres per hour. Before the wind came, the weather was dry and warm. Meteorologists said cold air from the north caused the strong wind. Hubei is in central China. It is mainly made up of plains and mountains. Wind blew harder on open land, while mountains could slow the wind down. People closed window s tightly to stop possible damage. Many trees and advertising signs fell down. Roads are covered with broken branches. Besides, all outdoor activities were put off. People were told to stay at home. To keep safe, experts asked people not to walk near tall buildings and close windows well. Few people saw such strong spring winds, so many felt scared. Though the wind brought much trouble to people’s life, it also had good sides. For example, they helped reduce air pollution by blowing away smog (雾霾) and make the sky clearer. Farmers also welcomed them because they not only kept mold (霉菌) away from damaging crops but also brought needed rain. 1．How fast did the strong wind blow? 2．Why did people shut their windows tightly? 3．List two bad influences that the strong winds bring to people’s life. 4．What preparations should we make in daily life before natural disasters come? (More than 30 words) 【答案】1．Over eighty kilometres per hour. 2．To stop possible damage. 3．Many trees and advertising signs fell down. / Roads are covered with broken branches. / All outdoor activities were put off. (任意两条) 4．(开放性试题, 答案合理即可) We should watch weather forecasts every day. Prepare water, food and first- aid kits at home. Fix windows and doors firmly. Learn safe escape routes and safety rules for different disasters. 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了 2025 年 4 月湖北省遭遇强风袭击的情况，包括风速、成因、造成的负面影响以及带来的有利方面。 1．第一段原文直接给出信息“The wind speed reached over eighty kilometres per hour.”，直接提取该句作为答案。 2．第二段末尾原句“People closed windows tightly to stop possible damage.”点明关紧窗户的目的。 3．第三段列举了大风的诸多负面影响，任选两条原文信息整理即可：Many trees and advertising signs fell down./Roads are covered with broken branches./All outdoor activities were put off. 4．开放性主观问答题，需结合本文大风灾害背景，写出不少于30词的日常防灾准备措施，逻辑通顺合理即可。如：We should watch weather forecasts every day. Prepare water, food and first- aid kits at home. Fix windows and doors firmly. Learn safe escape routes and safety rules for different disasters. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $