一轮复习一轮·词汇与语境专项-2026-2027学年高三英语一轮复习板块专项提升训练

高三上一轮复习一轮词汇与语境专项 第一模块：结构化系统知识梳理 一、核心词汇体系：词汇语境综合必考分类 1.形近词辨析（高考最高频失分点） 词群 核心词 词性 核心义 高考语境 易错搭配 adapt/adopt adapt V. 适应；改编 adapt to新环 adapt to(非 /adept 境 adapt with adopt adopt 采纳；收养 adopt a policy measures be adept adept adj. 熟练的 be adept at at/in affect have affect/effect affect V. 影响 affect sth/sb an effect on have an effect effect n. 效果；影响 side effect on principal/pri principal 作形容词= principal adj./n. 主要的；校长 nciple reason main principle n. 原则；原理 on principle in principle 按原则 contract/con sign a contrast contract n./v. 合同；收缩 trast contract with contrast n./v. 对比 in contrast to by contrast desert/dess desert the desert n./v. 沙漠；抛弃 ert 重音在前为名词 plan dessert n. 甜点 order dessert 双s为甜点 expand/expe expand the expand 扩大 expand into nd market expend expend 花费 expend on energy on inspire/aspir inspire sb to inspire 激励 inspire sb to e do aspire 渴望 aspire to do aspire to 词群 核心词 词性 核心义 高考语境 易错塔配 respectable/ a respectable respectful/r respectable adj. 体面的 受人尊敬 job espective be respectful respectful adj. 恭敬的 对人恭敬 to their respective adj. 各自的 respective 无比较级 roles 2.义近词辨析（语境决定选词） 词群 词汇 核心区别 典型语境 高考陷阱 人作主语+on/in 花费 spend I spent 2h on it doing spend...on sth It cost me 10 cost 物作主语+双宾 sth costs sb sth yuan it作形式主语+to It takes sb time take It took me 2h do to do I paid 10 yuan for pay 人作主语+for it pay for glance 扫一眼（短暂） glance at at a glance stare 盯着（惊讶/无礼） stare at stare at glare 怒视 glare at glare at gaze 凝视（欣赏） gaze at gaze at 说 announce 正式宣布 announce results 官方/正式 declare declare 郑重宣告 法律正式 independence claim 声称（未必真） claim to be claim to do state 陈述（正式） state clearly 正式陈述 改变 alter 局部改动 alter the plan 微调 change one's change 通用改变 最通用 mind transform 彻底转变 transform into transform into convert 转换用途 convert A into B convert into 词群 词汇 核心区别 典型语境 高考陷阱 重要 significant 意义重大 significant 数据/影响 impact vita 至关重要 vital to be vital to essential 必不可少 essential for/to essential to/for play a crucial crucial 决定性 crucial role role 3.固定搭配高频短语（必背） 动词 搭配 义 易错 make make up for 弥补 for不可省 make sense of 理解 of不可省 make the most of 充分利用 the most of take take on 承担；呈现 take on responsibility take up 占据；开始 take up space take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 多义需语境 take to 喜欢；开始 take to doing put put up with 忍受 with不可省 put off 推迟 put off doing put forward 提出 put forward a plan turn turn out 结果是 turn out to be turn to 求助于 turn to sb for help turn down 拒绝；调低 turn down an offer come come up with 想出 with不可省 come across 偶遇 come across sth How did it come come about 发生 about? get get through 通过；接通 get through the exam get over 克服 get over difficulties get along with 相处 with不可省 4.高频派生词词性转换（语法填空/写作必考） 根词 派生 词性 高频考点 succeed success n. achieve success successful adj. be successful in successfully adv. 修饰动词 differ difference make a difference different adj. be different from differently adv. 修饰动词 strong strength build strength strengthen strengthen ties able ability h have the ability to enable V. enable sb to do disabled adj. the disabled compete competition n. enter a competition competitive adj. competitive edge competitor n. 竞争者 create creation n. 创造 creative adi. creative thinking creativity 创造力 二、重难点系统梳理：语境选词四步法 步骤 操作 核心要点 ①判词性 分析空格在句中成分 主/宾→名词；定→形容词：状→副词 ②定词义 根据上下文语义场锁定 关注并列/转折/因果逻辑 ③查搭配 验证固定搭配 动词+介词、形容词+介词 ④验语法 检查时态/语态/单复数 主谓一致、非谓语 三、易混易错对比表 易混点 核心区别 适用语境 高考扣分点 正确用法 adapt-=适应/改 adapt to环境； adapt /adopt 编；adopt=-采纳/ adapt to; adopt政策 拼写混淆 adopt sth 收养 affect动词； affect sb have affect have affect/effect 词性混用 effect名词 an effect on an effect on prices rise raise rise /raise rise不及物；raise rise无宾语； money arise 及物性混淆 arise 及物；arise发生 raise有宾语 from lie/lay lie-lay-lain躺； lie on bed lay 过去式混淆 lay-laid-laid放置 lie躺下；Ilay放置 the table besides除.…还 besides/ besides English,I besides=加法； 有；except除.之 逻辑反向 except 外 like.… except=减法 amount修饰不可 amount of amount amount of+不 数；number修饰 water number 修饰对象错 number 可数 可数 of students because最强； because since since既然；as由 because回答why 语气强弱 because直接原因 /as for 于；for补充 although最正式； although though /as though可倒装；as Young as he is... 倒装结构 as/though倒装 必须倒装 四、高考必考规律汇总 规律类型 公式/句型 写作替换 Itis/was+被强调部分+ 强调句 √用于突出原因/方式 that/who... 倒装 Only+状语+助动词+主语.… √用于强调条件 虚拟 If had done,would have √用于反思/建议 done 非谓语 doing/done/to do作状语 √提升句式多样性 with复合 with+宾语+doing/done/adj. √描写伴随状态 important-vital/crucial 高级替换 √写作提分 many→a multitude of 基础词 高级替换 适用文体 think hold the view that 议论文 show demonstrate/reveal 图表作文 get obtain/acquire 应用文 help facilitate/contribute to 建议信 very extremely/particularly 通用 more and more an increasing number of 图表/议论文 第二模块：溯源真题训练 1. The community decided to the new recycling program to reduce waste. A.adapt B.adopt C.adept D.adjust 【标准答案】B 2. Her (achieve)in the field of medicine has inspired many young scientists. 【标准答案】achievement 3. She at the painting for a long time,deeply moved by its beauty. A.glanced B.stared C.gazed D.glared 【标准答案】C 4. Nothing can the loss of time.(弥补) 【标准答案】make up for 5. It is hard to the noise from the construction site every day. A.put up with B.come up with C.get along with D.make up for 【标准答案】A 6. The new policy will have a great (affect)on the local economy. 【标准答案】effect 7. Regular exercise is to maintaining good health. A.significant B.vital C.respective D.respectable 【标准答案】B 8. The new technology (able)students to learn at their own pace. 【标准答案】enables