学考专题09 名词性从句：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题09 名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 主语从句 知识点二 宾语从句 知识点三 表语从句 知识点四 同位语从句 练|巩固提升训练 1. 考情总览 名词性从句在全国卷及新高考卷中几乎每年必考，主要分布在语法填空、短文改错，同时在写作中是提升句式档次的关键结构。下表汇总近五年高考高频考向，复习时优先突破打★的项目。 表 1 名词性从句高考高频考点分布 考查题型 常见命题点 出现频率 难度 语法填空 that / what / whether / how 的选择；从句语序 ★★★★★ 中 短文改错 that 与 which 混用；whether 与 if 混用；多引导词；语序错误 ★★★★ 中 完形填空 连接代词 / 连接副词在语境中的逻辑选择 ★★★ 中偏难 读后续写/写作 用主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句升级简单句 ★★★★ 应用 听力/阅读 识别长句中的从句嵌套，抓取主干 ★★★ 理解 2. 核心概念与引导词总表 名词性从句（Noun Clause）指在句子中起名词作用的从句。它在复合句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。 引导名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所作成分分为三类，选择引导词的根本依据是"从句内部缺什么成分"：缺主/宾/表用连接代词；缺状语用连接副词；从句结构完整不缺成分用从属连词。 表 2 名词性从句引导词分类总表 类别 引导词 在从句中所作成分 是否省略 从属连词 that 不充当成分，无词义 宾语从句口语中常省；其余一般不省 从属连词 whether / if 不充当成分，意为"是否" 不可省 连接代词 what / whatever / who / whoever / whom / whose / which / whichever 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 不可省 连接副词 when / where / why / how 作状语 不可省 关系副词性疑问 how many / how much / how long / how often 等 作状语，修饰数量/时间/频率等 不可省 3. 四类名词性从句的用法 判断从句类型的方法：将从句单独提取出来，看它在主句中所处的位置和承担的成分——位于句首及谓语前为主语从句；位于及物动词或介词后为宾语从句；位于系动词后为表语从句；位于抽象名词后且解释其内容为同位语从句。 3.1 主语从句（Subject Clause） 位置：位于主句谓语动词之前，或由 it 作形式主语、真正主语后置。 例句 1：That the earth is round is a well-known truth. 地球是圆的，这是众所周知的事实。（that 不作成分，不可省） 例句 2：What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 他在会上说的话让在场的每个人都吃惊。（what 作 said 的宾语） 例句 3：It is reported that the new museum will open next month. 据报道，新博物馆将于下月开放。（it 形式主语） 考点提示：主语从句谓语通常用单数；that 引导主语从句时不能省略；为避免头重脚轻，常借助 it 作形式主语。 3.2 宾语从句（Object Clause） 位置：位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。 例句 1：I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. 我相信诚实为上策。（及物动词后 that 可省） 例句 2：We are talking about whether we should hold the sports meeting. 我们正在讨论是否该举办运动会。（介词后只用 whether，不用 if） 例句 3：He asked me where I had spent my holiday. 他问我去哪里度假了。（注意陈述语序） 例句 4：I think it necessary that we should learn a foreign language well. 我认为学好一门外语是必要的。（it 形式宾语） 考点提示：① 宾语从句一律用陈述语序；② 主句为过去时，从句须用相应过去时态（客观真理除外）；③ 介词后、discuss 后、与 or not 直接连用、后接不定式时只用 whether。 3.3 表语从句（Predicative Clause） 位置：位于系动词（be / seem / remain / look 等）之后。 例句 1：The problem is who can replace him. 问题是谁能替代他。 例句 2：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 例句 3：The reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是没赶上早班公交。（reason 后表语从句用 that，不用 because） 考点提示：That 引导表语从句不可省；主语为 reason 时，表语从句引导词用 that 而不用 because。 3.4 同位语从句（Appositive Clause） 位置：位于 fact / news / hope / belief / doubt / suggestion / evidence / truth / possibility 等抽象名词之后，用来说明该名词的具体内容。 例句 1：The news that our team has won the match is encouraging. 我们队获胜的消息令人鼓舞。（that 仅起连接作用，不作成分） 例句 2：I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他何时回来。 例句 3：He made a suggestion that we (should) put off the meeting. 他建议我们推迟会议。（suggestion 后同位语从句用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形） 考点提示：同位语从句与定语从句的根本区别在于——that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分且不可省；在定语从句中 that 必须充当主/宾/表，作宾语时可省。 4. 核心用法规则（高考高频） 以下八条几乎覆盖了高考对名词性从句的全部命题角度，每条均配例句，建议逐条过关。 规则 1：that 与 what 的选择 that 在从句中不充当成分、无词义；what 在从句中必须充当主语、宾语或表语，意为"……的东西/事情/话"。简单判断：把从句单独拎出来，若主谓宾完整，用 that；若缺主/宾/表，用 what。 例句：After what seemed a long time, he finally stood up. 似乎过了很久，他终于站了起来。（what 作 seemed 的主语） 规则 2：whether 与 if 的区别 下列 6 种情况只能用 whether，不能用 if：① 位于句首引导主语从句；② 引导表语从句和同位语从句；③ 介词之后；④ 后接 or not 时；⑤ 后接不定式 to do 时；⑥ 与 discuss 等动词连用。 例句：Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天是否去野营取决于天气。（句首只用 whether） 规则 3：连接代词与连接副词的选择 从句中缺主语、宾语、表语时用连接代词（what / who / which / whose）；从句主谓宾完整、缺状语时用连接副词（when / where / why / how）。 例句：I have no idea how he solved the problem. 我不知道他是怎么解决这个问题的。（solve 已有宾语 the problem，缺方式状语，用 how） 规则 4：陈述语序 所有名词性从句一律使用"引导词 + 主语 + 谓语"的陈述语序，禁止使用疑问倒装语序。这是短文改错和语法填空的高频失分点。 错：Can you tell me where is the station? 对：Can you tell me where the station is? 规则 5：it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的从句后置。常见句型：It is + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句；主语 + think / find / feel / make + it + 宾补 + that 从句。 例句：The new medicine makes it possible that patients with this disease can live longer. 这种新药使该病患者有望活得更长。 规则 6：同位语从句 vs 定语从句 关键看 that 是否在从句中充当成分：若 that 后句子结构完整，that 不充当成分，则为同位语从句；若 that 后缺主/宾/表，则为定语从句，that 可换成 which 或省略。 表 3 同位语从句与定语从句对比 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 功能 解释名词的具体内容 限定名词的范围/特征 that 作用 仅连接，不作成分 作从句主/宾/表 that 是否可省 不可省 作宾语时可省 that 后能否加完整句子 能 不能（缺成分） 例句 The fact that he passed the exam surprised us.（事实=他通过考试） The fact that he told us surprised us.（他告诉我们的那个事实） 规则 7：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 表示"建议、命令、要求、坚持"等意义的动词（suggest / advise / order / command / demand / require / request / insist / desire 等），其后的宾语从句、以及其名词形式（suggestion / order / demand 等）后的表语从句、同位语从句，谓语用"（should +）动词原形"，should 可省。 注意区分：suggest 作"表明、暗示"、insist 作"坚持认为（某事实）"时，不用虚拟语气，按陈述语气处理。 例句 1：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English aloud every morning. 老师建议我们每天早晨朗读英语。 例句 2：His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他病了。（不用虚拟） 规则 8：否定转移 主语为第一人称，主句谓语为 think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等时，从句的否定习惯上转移到主句上。变为反意疑问句时，后段根据从句肯定形式反问。 例句：I don"t believe he has finished his homework, has he? 我认为他没做完作业，是吧？ ▲易错点警示表 表 4 名词性从句十大易错点 序号 易错点 正确做法 1 that 与 what 混用 从句缺主/宾/表用 what；从句完整用 that 2 介词后误用 if 介词后、discuss 后只用 whether 3 宾语从句用疑问语序 一律用陈述语序：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 4 主从句时态不一致 主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态（真理除外） 5 reason 后用 because reason 后表语从句用 that 6 同位语从句与定语从句混淆 看 that 是否在从句中作成分 7 suggest / insist 后一律用虚拟 表"表明/坚持认为事实"时不用虚拟 8 主语从句谓语用复数 主语从句通常视作单数，谓语用单数 9 主从句主语重复 如误写：What he did he went…；应为 What he did was… 10 形式宾语漏 it think / find / make + it + adj. + that 从句，it 不可省 考法 1 what 与 that 的辨别 【原句】___ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.（2013 全国卷） 【规律】主语从句中缺少主语，且意为"……的事物"，须用连接代词 what，相当于 the thing that。that 在主语从句中不作成分，不能作主语。 【答案】What。句意：使这本书如此非同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。 考法 2 whether 引导主语从句 【原句】It remains to be seen ___ he will support the plan. 【规律】it 为形式主语，真正主语在句末；"是否"位于句末且主语从句中，若位于及物动词后可用 if，但与 or not 暗示、正式文体中仍以 whether 为首选。 【答案】whether。句意：他是否会支持这项计划还有待观察。 考法 3 同位语从句引导词 【原句】Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children"s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.（2012 上海卷改编） 【规律】空格前为抽象名词 evidence，空格后为结构完整的句子，解释 evidence 的具体内容，是分隔式同位语从句，用 that 引导。 【答案】that。句意：经过多年研究，已有证据表明儿童早期的睡眠问题很可能会持续到长大以后。 考法 4 宾语从句语序 【原句】As a high school graduate, I am wondering ___ in the coming vacation. A. how can I do B. what I can do C. what can I do D. how I can do it 【规律】宾语从句必须用陈述语序，先排除 A、C；do 为及物动词须带宾语，故选 what（what 作 do 的宾语）。 【答案】B。 考法 5 表语从句 reason 后用 that 【原句】The reason for the failure is ___ we lacked enough experience. 【规律】主语为 reason 时，表语从句引导词用 that，不用 because。because 仅用于回答 why 提出的问题。 【答案】that。句意：失败的原因是我们缺乏足够的经验。 考法 6 介词后只用 whether 【原句】We are discussing about ___ we will hold the sports meeting next week. 【规律】介词 about 之后、discuss 之后只能用 whether，不能用 if。 【答案】whether。 考法 7 虚拟语气在 suggestion 后 【原句】The suggestion that the mayor ___ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. would present B. present C. presents D. ought to present 【规律】名词 suggestion 后的同位语从句须用虚拟语气"（should +）动词原形"，should 可省，故选动词原形 present。 【答案】B。 考法 8 连接副词 how 与连接代词 what 的语境选择 【原句】I have the impression ___ we have met somewhere before. 【规律】抽象名词 impression 后接同位语从句，从句主谓宾完整，不缺成分，用 that。 【答案】that。句意：我感觉我们以前在哪儿见过。 用适当的连接词填空，或选出最佳选项。 1. ___ we will go camping tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2. It is very important ___ we should learn English well. 3. The question is ___ we can finish the task on time. 4. I don"t know ___ he will agree to the plan or not. 5. ___ leaves the room last should turn off the lights. 6. We think it necessary ___ we (should) master a foreign language. 7. The news ___ our team won the game made us excited. 8. He raised the question ___ we should get so much money. 9. It depends on ___ we have enough time. 10. ___ makes me admire her is her bravery in face of difficulty. 11. The order that we ___ (send) to the front at once was received yesterday. 12. I have no idea ___ he did it that way. 13. It looks ___ it is going to rain. 14. Please tell me ___ the nearest station is. 15. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country. 答案与简析： 1. Whether 【解析】句首引导主语从句，意为"是否"，只能用 whether。 2. that 【解析】it 作形式主语，真正主语从句结构完整，用 that。 3. whether 【解析】表语从句"是否"，用 whether。 4. whether 【解析】后接 or not，只能用 whether。 5. Whoever 【解析】主语从句中作主语，意为"无论谁"，用 whoever = anyone who。 6. that 【解析】it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为 that 从句。 7. that 【解析】news 后同位语从句，从句完整，用 that，不充当成分。 8. how / where 【解析】同位语从句，"如何筹到/从哪里筹到这么多钱"，结合语境用连接副词。 9. whether 【解析】介词 on 后只能用 whether。 10. What 【解析】主语从句中作主语，意为"……的事情"，用 what。 11. (should) be sent 【解析】order 后同位语从句用虚拟语气，且 we 与 send 为被动关系，用 (should) be sent。 12. why / how 【解析】同位语从句，"为什么/如何这样做"，用连接副词。 13. as if / as though 【解析】表语从句，固定搭配 It looks as if… 看起来好像。 14. where 【解析】宾语从句中缺地点状语，用 where。 15. As 【解析】本句为非限定性定语从句，as 指代后面整个主句，意为"正如"；若填 That 则主语从句后须加逗号，且不能位于句首带逗号——故用 As。 训练 一、单项选择 1．My experience tells me that it’s not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A．which; that B．what; how C．that; how D．what; that 2．Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done to harvest private user data behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial, ________ accounts for my intention to permanently deactivate my personal account. A．whether; which B．what; which C．why; that D．/; that 3．It makes no difference ________ tomorrow. A．whether will you come B．whether you are going to come or not C．if will you come D．if you came 4．________ was the architecture design of Tianjin Binhai New Area Cultural Center Library. A．What made her interesting most B．What she was interested most C．What was most interested to her D．What interested her most 5．There is some doubt ________ he can pass the mid‑term examination. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 6．________ at the conflicting evidence, the researcher kept trying to find the truth ________ the event was caused by human activity rather than natural factors. A．Frustrating; which B．Frustrated; that C．Being frustrated; that D．Having frustrated; which 7．There is some doubt ________my full engagement ________ the project can make a difference. A．whether; to B．that; to C．that; in D．whether; in 8．There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place. A．which B．what C．whose D．that 9．I'll never forget the years______ we spent in the countryside. A．in which B．when C．where D．that 10．The Millennium City was built with Qingming Riverside Landscape as the blueprint, which was painted by Zhang Zeduan, ________ in the Northern Song Dynasty. A．a famous painter B．was a famous painter C．is a famous painter D．that was a famous painter 11．My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A．that B．what C．whether D．how 12．The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A．which; what B．that; what C．what; when D．that; when 13．________ makes the China International Import Expo (CIIE) special is ________ it’s the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A．Which, what B．What, that C．That, what D．What, whether 14．The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A．where B．that C．what D．which 15．The reason ___ he was late was ___ he got up late. A．why, why B．why, because C．why, that D．why, as 16．The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A．who can we get B．what we can get C．who we can get D．that we can get 17．— Is that old factory ______ you often refer to? — Right, just the one _____ I worked for years. A．the one; that B．one; which C．what; where D．which; that 18．He didn’t know which room ______. A．they lived B．they lived in C．did the live D．did the live in 19．The anxious students didn’t know ________ could be done to achieve his goal. A．whether B．that C．what D．who 20．The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A．why B．what C．which D．where 21．He always does ________ he thinks he should. A．whether B．which C．what D．how 22．— Mom, I’m really thankful for your hard work. I wonder ________. — My dear, seeing you grow well is all I want. A．if you give me so much care B．what do you worry about most C．why do you do so much for me D．how you always spare time for me 23．Susan is out. I wonder how long ago ________. A．did she go B．she has left C．she leaves D．she left 24．Peter was fired again. He really didn’t know ________. A．what did go wrong B．what went wrong C．which did go wrong D．which went wrong 25．—Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A．how can I get to B．how I can get to C．when can I get to D．when I can get to 26．The professor explained that light ________ faster than sound. A．travelled B．travels C．had travelled D．would travel 27．Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A．whether is there going to be B．whether there is going to have C．if there was going to be D．if there is going to be 28．The teacher said that the moon________ around the earth. A．moves B．moved C．would move D．will move 29．The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________? A．who will be the host of it B．which hall was it held in C．whose show made you the most excited D．that you were encouraged by the speech 30．—What did the assistant say to you? —She asked me ________. A．where did I see the style B．what else I will buy C．when does the shop close D．if I liked that orange dress 31．Excuse me, would you please tell me________? A．how we can get to the bank B．how can we get to the bank C．how get to the bank D．how could we get to the bank 32．Mr. Li asked us, “Where are you going?” Mr. Li asked us ________ we ________ going. A．where; are B．that; are C．if; were D．where; were 33．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said ________ ________ watching TV ________. A．he; was; / B．I; was; then C．I; am; that day D．he; was; then 34．______that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point? A．During the 1980’s B．That it was in the 1980’s C．Was it in the 1980’s D．It was in the 1980’s 35．—________ have you lived here? —For almost 10 years. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How old 36．With ______ will you have a picnic tomorrow? A．who B．whose C．what D．whom 37．__________ 110 when there is an emergency both in public and at home. A．Dialing B．Dial C．to dial D．Dialed 38． ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A．Knock B．Knocking C．Knocked D．To knock 39．Tom asked Mary, “Where did you go last night?”  (变为间接引语) Tom asked Mary where _______ the night before. A．she went B．did she go C．she had gone D．had she gone 40．________ on the waiting list ________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization? A．Who; do you think B．Whom; do you think C．Who; you think D．Whom; you think 二、翻译 41．最重要的并非选择本身，而是我们对待自己抉择的态度。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 42．人工智能极有可能在我们未来的生活中扮演至关重要的角色。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ 43．总而言之，掌握时间的人就能掌握未来。（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 44．毫无疑问，先进科技将改变我们日常生活的方方面面。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ 45．现在，我得出一个结论：有志者事竟成。（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 46．他要来的消息让我们倍感高兴。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．这就是我们广泛阅读的原因——开阔眼界认识世界。(表语从句)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 48．那就是为什么当星星出来的时候，它们是看得见的，但是当灯熄灭了，它们是看不见的。（That is why）（汉译英） ________________________________________ 49．重要的是，我们拥有思考与创造的渴望。（what…is that句型）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 50．人们说英国人对待吃的东西总是很谨慎。(介词 +what从句)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51．听说你和最好朋友的友谊因为一个误会而出现危机，我很难过。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 52．我对他刚刚所说的内容很感兴趣。（介词后的宾语从句）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 53．recommend (that) sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（宾语从句虚拟语气，should 可省） ____________________________________________________________________ 我建议你旅途租一辆车。（汉译英） 54．很多人认为，勇气就是去做你害怕的事情。(what从句)（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 55．回顾高中生活，Lisa觉得它充满了快乐和成长。(look back on；现在分词做状语) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你被给予了什么，而是你如何利用它。that引导的宾语从句中使用了强调句型it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分，被强调部分为not...but...连接的两个并列的主语从句。第一空引导主语从句，且在从句中作动词given的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what；第二空引导主语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how。 2．B 【解析】句意：许多分析人士怀疑，这家社交媒体巨头在幕后为获取用户私人数据所做的一切仅仅是初步尝试，这也是我打算永久注销个人账户的原因。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查主语从句引导词，在从句“________ the social-media giant has done”中，done缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，要用what引导；第二空考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情，用which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 3．B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你明天来不来没有区别。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，作真正主语，从句中应用陈述语序，排除AC，根据tomorrow可知，句子陈述将来发生的事情，应用一般将来时。故选B项。 4．D 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：最让她感兴趣的是天津滨海新区文化中心图书馆的建筑设计。A. What made her interesting most；B. What she was interested most；C. What was most interested to her；ABC这三项表达是错误的；D. What interested her most最让她感兴趣的。由句子结构可知，What引导主语从句并在从句中做主语。故选D项。 5．A 【解析】句意：对于他能否通过期中考试，存在一些疑问。A. whether是否；B. that无词义；C. what什么；D. if是否。There is some doubt+whether引导的同位语从句是固定句型，选项中的whether符合要求。 6．B 【解析】句意：面对相互矛盾的证据感到沮丧，这位研究者不断努力寻找真相——即该事件是由人类活动而非自然因素引起的。第一空：放在句首作状语，frustrate“使沮丧”与其逻辑主语the researcher之间是被动关系，用过去分词Frustrated作状语。第二空：the truth​后是同位语从句，解释truth的具体内容，从句结构完整、不缺成分，用连接词that​引导同位语从句。 7．D 【解析】句意：我全身心投入这个项目是否能起作用，还有些疑问。第一空引导同位语从句，从句主干成分完整，但缺“是否”之一，用whether引导；第二空，engagement in sth. 为固定搭配，意为“参与/投入某事”。 8．D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有证据表明会议确实召开过。分析可知，空后的从句中不缺成分，句意完整，且从句是对evidence的解释说明，所以是同位语从句，用that引导。故选D项。 9．D 【解析】本题解析略。 10．A 【解析】句意：这座被一个著名的画家张择端在北宋时画的千年城市，与清明河滨景观一起被当做蓝图来建造。填空处修饰画家张择端，此处a famous painter是对前面的Zhang Zeduan进一步解释和说明作同位语，可以看成定语从句who was a famous painter，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除Ｄ。故选A。 11．C 【解析】句意：我的疑问就是我们能否在这么短的时间之内完成这项任务。此处为表语从句，主语的名词是doubt，意为“疑问”，从句中表示不确定的事，需要“是否”的含义，应用从属连词whether。 12．D 【解析】句意：格里将永远铭记的那个激动人心的时刻，是他接近海港大桥和歌剧院的时候。第一空：空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exciting moment​，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词 that/which引导该从句。第二空：空格处引导表语从句，从句主谓宾结构完整，但需要表示“在……的时候”，故用连接副词when​引导表语从句。 13．B 【解析】句意：让中国国际进口博览会（进博会）与众不同的是，它是世界上首个专门致力于促进进口的展会。第一空为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，用连接代词what；第二空是表语从句，从句语义完整、不缺成分，用连接词that。 14．C 【解析】句意：珍稀鸟类灭绝的主要原因是曾经作为它们天然栖息地的地方遭到了污染。表语从句内部缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，what可在从句充当主语，where不能作主语，that无词义，which有选择含义，故选what。 15．C 【解析】考查定语从句关系词和表语从句引导词。句意：他迟到的原因是他起得晚。The reason ___ he was late是定语从句，先行词是the reason，在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why；___ he got up late是表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，使用只起引导作用的that。故选C项。 16．C 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们可以让谁代替Ted。设空处为连接词引导表语从句的一部分；根据句意，此处表“让谁代替Ted”，应用连接词who，且从句应用陈述句语序，情态动词can要置于主语we之后。故选C。 17．C 【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：——那个旧工厂就是你经常提到的吗？——对，就是我工作多年的那个旧工厂。第一句的主语为that old factory，is是系动词，______ you often refer to为表语从句，表语从句中的refer to后面缺少宾语，名词从句中缺少宾语一般用what，故第一个空填what。第二句the one(=the factory)是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，把先行词放入句中为I worked in the factory for years,要用where,所以选C。 18．B 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他不知道他们住在哪个房间。分析句子可知，which引导宾语从句，作宾语room的定语，由于live是不及物动词，后面要加介词，再跟宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序，根据主句didn’t know可知，从句谓语用一般过去时，所以从句应是which room they lived in。故选B项。 19．C 【解析】句意：焦急的学生们不知道能做些什么来实现他的目标。动词know后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代事物，应用what引导。 20．A 【解析】句意：这部自然纪录片通过各类真实案例向我们揭示，为什么我们应该采取行动，保护湿地生态系统免遭进一步破坏。空处引导宾语从句，在从句内部充当原因状语，表示“为什么”，应用why。 21．C 【解析】句意：他总是做他认为他应该做的事。此空引导宾语从句，作动词does的宾语。在宾语从句中，“he thinks”可视为插入语，从句“____ he should”后省略了动词do，缺少宾语，且没有特定的范围限制，因此需要用what引导该从句，并在从句中充当宾语，表示“……的事情”。 22．D 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我真的很感谢你的辛勤工作。我想知道你是如何总能抽出时间陪我的。——亲爱的，看到你健康成长就是我想要的全部。A. if you give me so much care你是否给予我这么多关爱；B. what do you worry about most你最担心什么；C. why do you do so much for me你为什么为我做这么多；D. how you always spare time for me你是如何总能抽出时间陪伴我的。 空处为宾语从句，要用陈述语序；D选项“你是如何总能抽出时间陪伴我的”，可以和答语seeing you grow well is all I want.(看到你健康成长就是我想要的全部。)形成合理问答。 23．D 【解析】句意：苏珊出去了。我想知道她多久以前离开的。空处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，根据how long ago可知，从句应用一般过去时，表示过去某个时间发生的动作，leave的过去式为left，即she left。 24．B 【解析】句意：彼得又被解雇了。他真的不知道哪里出了错。动词know后接宾语从句，宾语从句需使用陈述语序。引导词what在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，没有明确的选择范围；which通常用于有明确范围的选择。当疑问词在宾语从句中作主语时，其陈述语序直接为“疑问词 + 谓语动词”，不需要借助助动词did，即what went wrong。 25．B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎么去泗洪湿地公园吗？——当然。坐 101 路公交车直达。how can I get to我怎样能到达；how I can get to我怎样能到达；when can I get to我何时能到达；when I can get to我何时能到达。Could you tell me后接宾语从句，从句必须使用陈述语序，答语回答的是交通方式，应用how引导宾语从句。应填how I can get to。 26．B 【解析】句意：教授解释说光比声音传播得快。光速比声速快是客观事实，在宾语从句中，即使主句为过去时，从句描述客观真理时仍用一般现在时，从句主语light为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式travels。 27．D 【解析】句意：你能告诉我下周在广州是否会有一场会议吗？空处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述句语序；“Could you tell me”是委婉语气（不表过去），结合“next week”可知，从句用一般将来时，且there be句型不可与have连用，即if there is going to be。 28．A 【解析】句意：老师说月亮绕着地球转。设空处为谓语，“月亮绕着地球转”属于客观事实，因此从句需用一般现在时；且从句主语“the moon”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应使用其第三人称单数形式moves。 29．C 【解析】句意：青年典礼成功举办。你能告诉我谁的表演让你最激动吗？空处宾语从句，需用陈述语序，故B项错误；根据主句“Could you tell me”可知，宾语从句带有疑问语气，D项that引导的宾语从句陈述事实，语境不符；主句是一般现在时，宾语从句应用所需的任一时态，根据“The Youth Ceremony was held successfully.”可知是一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，A项时态错误，C项正确。 30．D 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：—店员跟你说什么了？—她问我喜不喜欢那件橙色的连衣裙。宾语从句的语序需用陈述句语序，所以排除A、C两项，主句时态为一般过去时，所以从句也需用过去的某种时态，B项用的是将来时，排除。故选D项。 31．A 【解析】考查宾语从句：句意：打扰一下,你能告诉我去银行怎么走吗? 此处是宾语从句，在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序，即 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。故选A项。 32．D 【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：李老师问我们：“你们打算去哪儿？”。主语为一般过去时，间接引语应变为过去将来时were going；直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语连词用特殊疑问词where，语序变为陈述语序，助动词were放到主语you后面。故选D。 33．D 【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：我哥哥说：“我现在正在看电视。”我哥哥说他当时正在看电视。本题考查的是将直接引语变间接引语，空格所在句为宾语从句，从句为陈述句，首先人称变化，根据句意和句子主语“My brother”可知，从句中主语应用“he”，空格一填“he”；其次时态变化，原句为现在进行时，根据后句中“said”可知，从句应用过去进行时，表示过去某一时间正在发生的事，空格二填“was”；最后是时间状语变化，“now”要变成“then”，意为“（指过去）当时，那时”，空格三填“then”。故选D项。 34．C 【解析】考查强调句和一般疑问句。句意：两国之间的贸易额在20世纪80年代达到了最高点。此处为强调句型“it+be+被强调部分+that+其他内容”结构，根据谓语动词reached，该句使用一般过去时，所以be动词为was，强调时间状语“in the 1980’s”，该句为一般疑问句，所以应将was置于句首，首字母需大写。故选C项。 35．B 【解析】考查疑问词用法。句意：——你在这里住了多久了？——差不多10年了。How often询问频率（多久一次），How long询问时间长度（多久），How soon询问将来时间（多久以后），How old询问年龄（多大），根据答语“For almost 10 years”表示时间长度，需用How long。故选B项。 36．D 【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意：明天你将和谁一起去野餐？A. who谁（主格）；B. whose谁的；C. what什么；D. whom谁（宾格）。本句为特殊疑问句，此处是对人进行提问，且作介词with的宾语，应用宾格形式的疑问代词whom。故选D。 37．B 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：无论在公共场合还是在家里，遇到紧急情况都要拨110。分析句子可知，本句为祈使句。祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等，句子以动词原形开头。故选B。 38．A 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在你进入我的房间之前，请敲门。祈使句表示的就是一种语气，如请求，命令，允诺等；本句中的祈使句表示的是一种请求。用动词原形。故选A。 39．C 【解析】考查直接引语变间接引语。句意：汤姆问玛丽：“你昨晚去哪儿了？”汤姆问玛丽她前一晚去了哪里。将直接引语变为间接引语时，要将直接引语中的疑问语序变为陈述语序，并且因为主句谓语为asked，主句时态是一般过去时，变为间接引语时，直接引语中的一般过去时要变为过去完成时。原直接引语中变为间接引语时，you要变为she，did you go要变为she had gone，语序变为陈述语序。故选C。 40．A 【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意：你认为候补名单上的谁将被选为承担非营利组织的领导职位？“who do you think”是一个特殊疑问句的结构，用来询问对方的观点或意见，它通常用于询问对某个事物或情况有何看法或评价，do you think是插入语，分析句子成分的时候可以忽略do you think，who是________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization的主语。故选A项。 二、 41．What matters most is not the choice itself, but the attitude we hold towards our decision. 【解析】本句话使用主系表结构，“最重要的”翻译为What matters most，该部分为由what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，matters为动词作谓语，most为副词修饰动词，从句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主句也用一般现在时态，主语从句作主语，be动词用is；“不是……而是……”用固定短语not…but…“选择本身”翻译为the choice itself，为名词短语作表语。“态度”翻译为the attitude，“我们对待自己抉择的”翻译为省略关系代词that或which的定语从句，内容为“we hold towards our decision”，修饰先行词the attitude。 42．It is highly likely that artificial intelligence will play a vital role in our future life. 【解析】“极有可能”可用固定句型It is highly likely that…，其中it为形式主语，is为系动词，highly likely为表语，highly为副词修饰likely，that引导真正的主语从句；“人工智能”表达为名词短语artificial intelligence，作主语从句的主语，为不可数名词；“将扮演至关重要的角色”表达为动词短语will play a vital role，结合句意可知，此句陈述将来的情况，用一般将来时，will为助动词，play为动词原形，a vital role为宾语，vital为形容词表示“至关重要的”；“在我们未来的生活中”表达为介词短语in our future life，作地点状语。 43．In short, whoever masters time will master the future. 【解析】“总而言之”是总结类固定短语，表达为in short；“掌握时间的人”翻译为主语从句，表示“无论谁”用whoever，“掌握时间”为master time，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“掌握未来”为master the future，master作主句谓语，表将来会发生的结果，用一般将来时。 44．There is no doubt that advanced technology will transform every aspect of our daily life. 【解析】“毫无疑问”表达为固定句型There is no doubt that…，其中there为引导词，is为系动词，no doubt为主语，that引导同位语从句；“先进科技”表达为名词短语advanced technology，作主语，其中advanced为形容词表示“先进的”，technology为不可数名词；“将改变”表达为动词will transform，作谓语，结合句意可知，此句陈述将来的情况，用一般将来时，will为助动词，transform为动词原形；“我们日常生活的方方面面”表达为名词短语every aspect of our daily life，作transform的宾语，其中every aspect表示“方方面面”，of our daily life为介词短语作后置定语，修饰aspect，our daily life表示“我们的日常生活”。 45．Now, I come to a conclusion that where there is a will, there is a way. 【解析】“现在”为副词now，在句首时首字母大写；“我得出一个结论”可译为I come to a conclusion，其中come to a conclusion为常用搭配，意为“得出结论”，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时；“有志者事竟成”为固定译法where there is a will, there is a way；a conclusion的具体内容即为where there is a will, there is a way，在conclusion后用that引导同位语从句。全句翻译为：Now, I come to a conclusion that where there is a will, there is a way. 46．The news that he would come gave us much pleasure. 【解析】表示“消息”的名词为news，作主语；表示“他”用he，“要来”表示从过去看将要发生的动作，使用过去将来时，即he would come，使用同位语从句对the news做解释说明，从句中不缺少成分和意义，使用that引导从句，表示“让我们倍感高兴”的短语为give us much pleasure，描述过去的动作，使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式gave。 47．That is why we read widely — to open our eyes to the world. 【解析】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“这”应用That，作主语；表示“是”应用is，作系动词，时态用一般现在时陈述客观事实；表示“我们广泛阅读的原因”应用why we read widely，why引导表语从句；破折号后表示目的，表示“开阔眼界认识世界”应用to open our eyes to the world，不定式作目的状语。 48．That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 【解析】表示“那就是为什么”句型为That is why…；when引导时间状语从句，表示“当星星出来的时候”表达为when the stars are out，描述客观自然现象，用一般现在时；表示“看得见的”表达为visible，形容词作表语；“当灯熄灭了”表达为when引导的时间状语从句，为when the lights are out，描述客观现象用一般现在时；表示“看不见的”表达为invisible；全句描述客观科学事实，统一使用一般现在时；but连接两个转折关系的并列分句。 49．What is important is that we have the desire to think and create. 【解析】“重要的是，我们拥有思考与创造的渴望”可采用What...is that...句型，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时。主语从句“重要的是”用what引导，what作主语从句的主语，系动词“是”用is，表语“重要的”用形容词important，整体为What is important；主句系动词“是”用is；“我们拥有思考与创造的渴望”是表语从句，用that引导，从句主语“我们”用代词we，谓语“拥有”用动词have，宾语“渴望”用名词desire，定语“思考与创造的”用动词不定式短语to think and create作后置定语，表语从句译为that we have the desire to think and create。 50．People say that the British always play safe with what they eat. 【解析】句子描述普遍看法，使用一般现在时，“人们”译为people，作主语，“说”译为say，主语是people，谓语动词使用原形形式，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句主语“英国人”译为the British，“对待……很谨慎”固定搭配play safe with，主语是the British，谓语动词使用原形形式，“吃的东西”使用what引导宾语从句，作介词with的宾语，从句主语they，“吃”eat，主语是they，谓语动词使用原形形式，what在从句中作eat的宾语。 51．I’m sorry to hear that your friendship with your best friend is on the rocks because of a misunderstanding. 【解析】“我很难过”用I’m sorry句型表示，“听说”用不定式to hear作原因状语；that引导宾语从句作hear的宾语；宾语从句中 “你和最好朋友的友谊” 用名词短语your friendship with your best friend作主语，“出现危机”用短语be on the rocks表示；“因为一个误会” 用because of引导名词短语a misunderstanding作原因状语；本句陈述当前情况，时态使用一般现在时。 52．I am interested in what he has just said. 【解析】“对……感兴趣”表达为be interested in，句子整体描述当下的主观感受，主句用一般现在时，主语为I，be用am；“他刚刚所说的内容”表达为what he has just said，作介词in的宾语，构成介词后的宾语从句，“刚刚”强调到目前为止刚完成的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 53．I recommend that you (should) rent a car for your trip. 【解析】主语“我”用人称代词I；“建议”作谓语，用动词recommend，句子描述的是个人观点，用一般现在时，其后接题目要求的宾语从句，用that引导，从句中主语为“你”，用人称代词you，谓语动词用(should) rent，表示“租”，宾语“一辆车”表达为a car，“旅途”在此处可理解为“为了你的旅途”，用介词词组for your trip。 54．Many people believe that courage is doing what you are afraid of/what you are afraid to do. 【解析】本句叙述普遍的认知观点，整体用一般现在时。主语“很多人”译为Many people，谓语动词“认为”用believe表示，后接that引导的宾语从句；从句主语“勇气”译为courage，“就是做”可译为is doing；要求使用的what从句在表语结构中作doing的宾语，what在从句中同时充当介词of的宾语，指代“你害怕的事情”；两种可选表达中，what you are afraid of侧重对恐惧对象的指代，what you are afraid to do侧重因恐惧不敢执行的动作，二者语义贴合语境均可使用。 55．Looking back on her senior high school life, Lisa felt (that) it was full of joy and growth. 【解析】句子为主从复合句，“回顾”可用短语look back on，主语Lisa与look back on为主动关系，应用现在分词短语作状语，“高中生活”译为her senior high school life；“Lisa觉得它充满了快乐和成长”为主句，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用feel的过去式felt；“它充满了快乐和成长”为宾语从句，用that引导（可省略），“充满”可用be full of，“快乐和成长”译为joy and growth，从句译为it was full of joy and growth。 一、阅读理解 A Posting photos of local plants may not seem like a normal way to success as a social media influencer. But Kyle Lybarger, born and raised in Alabama, has found unexpected Internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern plants. In an interview, Lybarger credits his success to stubbornness, to a positive energy he inherited from his late dad and, largely, to not worrying about what others think. “I was a deer hunter, forester, a man posting about flowers,” he says. “You have to really care the least about what people think of you to do that.” About a decade ago, Lybarger cleared a small area of land in a forest to grow plants whose fruits would attract deer and wild turkeys. He even applied some herbicide (除草剂) and cut down the surrounding trees to let in more light. The next summer, he found the additional sunlight brought a beautiful surprise: an amazing variety of wild flowers. After he posted the flowers on Facebook, a local botanist and science teacher got in touch, confirming some rare and vulnerable species, such as Alabama larkspur. Lybarger suddenly realized that the grassland he had killed was ideal for attracting wildlife itself. This experience inspired him to dive into a body of research indicating that historically the Southeast was home to expansive grasslands as well as those wild flowers. It was then that Lybarger found his mission: to save the remaining grasslands and flora. Together with a botanist from Auburn University, he appealed on all the major social media platforms to forest owners and farmers to stop mowing (修剪草坪) and using herbicides. In 2023 he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the rare plants, hoping to raise public awareness and help pay for conservation. The project ended up raising over $100,000 in less than a year, most of which went to his conservation efforts. “My biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators (授粉昆虫) and other insects,” he says, “One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think.” 1．According to Lybarger, he mainly owes his success to ________. A．his passion about native plants B．the development of internet industry C．the spiritual support from his late dad D．his freedom from others’ judgement 2．What led Lybarger to discover the value of the wild flowers? A．His being brought up in Alabama. B．His being a sociable forester. C．His working experience as a hunter. D．The feedback from a local botanist. 3．Why does the writer mention the money in paragraph 4? A．To indicate the difficulty of their project. B．To show the artistic value of their design. C．To prove the success of the project. D．To explain the ambition of his team. 4．What message does Lybarger want to convey in the last paragraph? A．Virtue is its own reward. B．Many drops make a shower. C．Roses given, fragrance in hand. D．Wisdom begins with admitting your ignorance. B In Spain, children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups. The program is called "bicibus” or bike bus. In Barcelona, the program started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders. This fall, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. In September, a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays. Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. Instead of riding in bike lanes (道) or on sidewalks, the bicibus takes over the entire street. The commute (通勤) of these bikers takes about 25 minutes. And with the ever-growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture, the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibus and behind it. This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel' safely to school With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibus feels like a party. "The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends, and we ride together,” nine-year-old Maria Pitarch says. Some parents have made the bicibus the way they get to work on Fridays. Parents are hoping that the bicibus will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. They want the city to create wider, kid-friendly bike lanes that are separate from car traffic. They point out that the bicibus also helps cut down on pollution. Recently, pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibus got a lot of attention on the social media site. Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is, and how easy it is to get started. Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses. 5．What can we learn about the bicibus? A．It has a flexible schedule. B．Its path is known in advance. C．It takes over the whole sidewalks. D．Its safety is a concern for parents. 6．Why are parents glad to see the police there? A．Fewer cars run on Fridays now. B．The extra guards keep kids safe. C．Children can ride faster with help. D．The police teach children traffic rules. 7．Why does the author mention Maria Pitarch in paragraph 4? A．To introduce more about the bike bus. B．To praise the performance of the kids. C．To encourage readers to join the bike bus. D．To show the enjoyment kids get from the program. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The heavy traffic in the city center. B．The rise of the bike-sharing market. C．A growing bike-to-school program. D．The safety rules for young cyclists. C Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and her colleagues conducted a series of studies with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess how the students felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (沉湎) in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 9．What was the focus of the studies about comfort food? A．The level of its effects. B．The principles of its effects. C．The bad sides of its effects. D．The significance of its effects. 10．Why were movie clips arranged during the research? A．To amuse the students. B．To add a little more appeal. C．To relieve the students’ stress. D．To create a negative atmosphere. 11．What did the studies imply about the effect of comfort food? A．It works slightly. B．It has a lasting impact. C．It makes no difference. D．It matters more with films. 12．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To state a fact. B．To introduce a rule. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To add a background. D Hailey Magee rushed home from school crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report card. Growing up, she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was heart-broken,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.” Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is a textbook example of a growing trend in recent years: perfectionist (完美主义者) behavior. Perfectionism is now a growing cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm. The constant stress of attempting to be perfect can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia (失眠). Many parents today feel a sense of competitiveness that they may push onto their kids, whether by pressuring them to get perfect grades so they can get into top schools or engaging them in after-school activities that might look good on a college application. But if a child is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also increase unhealthy comparisons. “It’s a real problem — those social media images end up serving as standards that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to be as good as others,” Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with other people, because today we are constantly bombarded (轰炸) with seemingly perfect images of other people’s lives. Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. She said, “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!” 13．How did Hailey Magee feel when she got an A-minus? A．Satisfied. B．Excited. C．Disappointed. D．Uninterested. 14．Perfectionism may result in the following problems EXCEPT ________. A．negative feelings B．high work efficiency C．increased stress levels D．physical problems 15．What can we infer from Sherry’s words? A．Social media users should avoid posting perfect-looking photos online. B．Perfectionists tend to measure themselves against others’ online images. C．People can easily live up to the perfect lives shown on social media. D．Social media is designed to bring people closer to their real-life friends. 16．What is the best title for the passage? A．Parental Pressure: The Root of All Student Anxiety B．Hailey Magee’s Story: From Straight A’s to Failure C．The Role of Social Media in Creating Feelings of Imperfection D．The Dangers of Perfectionism and the Road to Self-Acceptance 二、完形填空 Zhi Yueying is a village teacher who has been working for almost four decades. When Zhi Yueying, then 19, went to the 17 Niyang village in Yichun city, Jiangxi province, to work as a village teacher in 1980, villagers 18 if she was going to stay long. After all, a number of voluntary 19 had arrived before, but all had 20 soon after. Zhi, though, was there for more than thirty years, before going to a more remote village school in the mountains. Over the past four decades, Zhi has devoted herself to rural 21 . She is a recipient of China Central Television’s Touching China awards that recognize the most 22 role models in 2016. She was also 23 as a model poverty fighter by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council earlier this year. Born in Nanchang city, Jiangxi, in 1961, Zhi wanted to become a teacher since childhood. She 24 to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after graduation, despite her mother’s strong 25 . Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town. Villagers had to 26 in the mountains since there was no road. Moreover, local people needed to go downhill to 27 daily necessities. “I had never walked on a mountain road before, so in the beginning, I walked much more 28 than others, sometimes I was left behind too much and was scared to tears,” says Zhi. But she gradually 29 to her life there. She has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains. Over the years, Zhi taught the students and 30 them, since many of them were “left-behind” children whose 31 migrated to other places to work. More than 1,000 students of hers have left the mountain area, and created a better life for themselves. 17．A．rich B．remote C．nice D．fascinating 18．A．imagined B．predicted C．requested D．doubted 19．A．guides B．students C．officials D．teachers 20．A．left B．stayed C．retired D．settled 21．A．tradition B．tourism C．education D．business 22．A．inspiring B．energetic C．mature D．knowledgeable 23．A．demanded B．awarded C．assessed D．replaced 24．A．happened B．failed C．refused D．applied 25．A．support B．opposition C．push D．belief 26．A．race B．cycle C．hike D．drive 27．A．borrow B．sell C．purchase D．find 28．A．slowly B．actively C．casually D．hurriedly 29．A．stuck B．referred C．agreed D．adapted 30．A．made up for B．cared for C．watched out for D．searched for 31．A．parents B．neighbors C．relatives D．classmates 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese musician Liu Huan, famous for his strong voice and many great works, was one of China’s most well-known 32 (singer). He died in Shanghai on Sept 25, aged 63. He was born in Tianjin in 1963. Unlike many professional musicians, he studied French literature at the Beijing Institute of International Relations. His liberal arts education has 33 (great) broadened his horizons and laid a solid foundation for his unique artistic style. Liu Huan stepped into the music industry in 34 1980s. He soon stood out for his powerful, clear and infectious voice. He was good at 35 (combine) traditional Chinese melody with modern pop music. Over the past decades, he 36 (write) a large number of classic original songs, most of 37 serve as theme songs of famous TV dramas and films. His career reached a peak in 2008. He performed the Olympic theme song You and Me together 38 Sarah Brightman at the Beijing Olympic Games opening ceremony. The gentle and 39 (peace) melody perfectly showed the spirit of harmony and friendship, making Liu Huan 40 (know) worldwide. As a modest and talented artist, he is widely respected by the public and fellow musicians. His 41 (die) is a big loss for Chinese music. 四、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter新学期计划培养一项课余爱好，来信向你寻求建议，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一项爱好；2. 说明推荐理由；3. 给出培养该爱好的简单建议。 注意： 1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 B 1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】文章主要介绍了Kyle Lybarger通过社交媒体介绍东南部植物，并致力于保护当地草原和野花的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In an interview, Lybarger credits his success to stubbornness, to a positive energy he inherited from his late dad and, largely, to not worrying about what others think. ‌“I was a deer hunter, forester, a man posting about flowers,” he says. ‌“You have to really care the least about what people think of you to do that.”(在一次采访中，莱巴格将他的成功归功于固执、从已故父亲那里继承的积极能量，以及很大程度上不在乎别人怎么想。“我曾是猎鹿人、林务员，一个发布花卉的人，”他说。“你必须真的最不在乎别人怎么看你，才能做到这一点。”)”可知，莱巴格认为他的成功主要归功于他不受他人评判的束缚。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The next summer, he found the additional sunlight brought a beautiful surprise: an amazing variety of wild flowers. After he posted the flowers on Facebook, a local botanist and science teacher got in touch, confirming some rare and vulnerable species, such as Alabama larkspur. Lybarger suddenly realized that the grassland he had killed was ideal for attracting wildlife itself.(第二年夏天，他发现额外的阳光带来了一个美丽的惊喜：各种各样令人惊叹的野花。他把这些花发布到Facebook上后，一位当地植物学家兼科学老师联系了他，确认了一些稀有和脆弱的物种，如阿拉巴马翠雀。莱巴格突然意识到，他曾经清理掉的草地本身就是吸引野生动物的理想之地。)”可知，是当地植物学家的反馈让莱巴格发现了野花的价值。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In 2023 he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the rare plants, hoping to raise public awareness and help pay for conservation. The project ended up raising over $100,000 in less than a year, most of which went to his conservation efforts.(2023年，他与一位艺术家合作设计了一款印有稀有植物的T恤，希望提高公众意识并帮助支付保护费用。该项目在不到一年内筹集了超过10万美元，其中大部分用于他的保护工作。)”可知，作者提到这笔钱是为了证明该项目的成功。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‌“My biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators (授粉昆虫) and other insects,” he says, ‌“One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think.”(“我最大的贡献来自社交媒体上的教育，影响人们种植最能支持数量下降的授粉昆虫和其他昆虫的本土植物，”他说，“一个人、一个院子、十分之一英亩，能产生比你想象更大的影响。”)”可知，莱巴格想传达的信息是积少成多、众人拾柴火焰高。 B 5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C 【解析】本文介绍西班牙巴塞罗那兴起的自行车巴士项目，孩子和家长集体骑车上学，有警察护航，充满乐趣，还利于环保，该活动正被更多地区效仿。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join.（它要走的路线总会提前公布，所以每个人都知道在哪里加入）”可知，bicibus的路线是提前知晓的。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibus and behind it. This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel safely to school（当地警察在自行车巴士前后骑行，帮忙拦截车辆。这让家长很开心，额外的安保保障孩子们上学路上安全）”可知，家长高兴是因为额外安保人员保护孩子安全。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends, and we ride together（自行车巴士最棒的地方就是我们一路骑行，接上我的朋友们，一起骑车）”可知，引用Maria的话是为了展现孩子们从这项活动中获得的乐趣。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In Spain, children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups. The program is called “bicibus” or bike bus. In Barcelona, the program started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders.(在西班牙，孩子们和家长们成群结队一起骑车去上学。这个项目叫做“bicibus”，也就是自行车巴士。在巴塞罗那，该项目最初仅有5名孩子参与，很快就发展到数百名骑行者)”以及文章主要介绍了一个在西班牙巴塞罗那兴起的名为“bicibus”的骑车上学项目，详细讲述了它的起源、发展规模、运作方式、参与者的感受以及家长们的期望。因此，C项“一个不断发展的骑车上学项目”最能准确概括文章主旨。 C 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．C 【解析】本文介绍关于慰藉食物的研究。研究表明慰藉食物虽能小幅改善情绪，但无法解决情绪问题。作者建议人们可以偶尔享用，不要把它当作常态。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood.（研究人员研究慰藉食物究竟能在多大程度上改善情绪）”可知，这项研究重点是慰藉食物产生效果的程度。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety（研究人员播放电影片段，营造悲伤、愤怒、焦虑的负面情绪）”可知，播放影片片段是为了制造负面情绪氛围。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.（研究人员发现慰藉食物确实可以改善学生情绪，但效果微弱，并不比其他他们喜欢的食物更好）”可知，慰藉食物的效果轻微。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, everyone can indulge (沉湎) in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.（当然，人们偶尔可以享用慰藉食物，但总体来说，尽量只把它当作特例，不要习以为常）”可知，作者在本段给出建议：不要过度依赖于安慰食物来解决情绪问题。 D 13．C 14．B 15．B 16．D 【解析】文章以Hailey Magee因A-而崩溃的事例引入“完美主义”现象，说明其带来的心理与身体危害，分析父母过高期待和社交媒体比较的影响，并以Magee最终学会接纳不完美作结，强调自我接纳的重要性。 13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Hailey Magee rushed home from school crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report card. Growing up, she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was heart-broken,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.”(Hailey Magee看到自己成绩单上得了A-后，哭着从学校冲回家。从小她就明白，要想获得家人和老师的认可与关爱，就必须成为成绩优异的人。因此，对Magee来说，这个A-感觉就像一次失败。“我当时心碎了，”她说，“那一刻，我感觉我作为一个人的自我价值，远低于我拿到A或A+时本会有的自我价值。”)”可推知，Magee拿到A-时感到失望、受伤，而非满意、兴奋或漠不关心。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm. The constant stress of attempting to be perfect can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia (失眠).(高度的完美主义与抑郁、焦虑、进食障碍以及自伤行为有关。不断追求完美的压力还可能导致人们感到紧张，出现头痛和失眠等问题)”可知，完美主义可能导致负面情绪、压力水平升高、身体健康问题，未提及高工作效率，且与完美主义危害方向相反。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s a real problem — those social media images end up serving as standards that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to be as good as others(这确实是个问题——社交媒体上的图片最终成了人们用来比较自己的标准，而完美主义者总是试图让自己变得像别人一样出色)”可推知，完美主义者倾向于拿他人的网络形象衡量自己。 16．主旨大意题。根据第二段“High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm. The constant stress of attempting to be perfect can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia (失眠).(高度的完美主义与抑郁、焦虑、进食障碍以及自伤行为有关。不断追求完美的压力还可能导致人们感到紧张，出现头痛和失眠等问题)”及第四段“Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. She said, “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!”(最终，Magee明白自己必须学会放手，允许自己以全部的不完美展现出来。她逐渐学会了相信，即使不完美，依然可以出现，并且仍然被珍视。她说：“我可以不完美，一切都没问题！”)”可知，文章主要介绍了完美主义带来的心理与身体危害，并以Magee最终学会接纳不完美作结，强调自我接纳的重要性。由此可知，“The Dangers of Perfectionism and the Road to Self-Acceptance(完美主义的危害与自我接纳之路)”适合作本文最佳标题。 二、 17．B 18．D 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．B 31．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了乡村教师支月英扎根江西宜春偏远山区从教近四十年，深耕乡村教育事业、关爱留守儿童，帮助上千名学生走出大山的感人事迹，以及她获得的多项荣誉表彰。 17．考查形容词。句意：1980年，时年19岁的支月英到江西省宜春市偏远的泥洋村担任乡村教师时，村民们怀疑她是否会待很久。A. rich富裕的；B. remote偏远的；C. nice美好的；D. fascinating迷人的。根据下文“before going to a more remote village school in the mountains”可知，下文使用了比较级more remote，说明泥洋村本身位置偏远，二者形成程度上的递进。 18．考查动词。句意：1980年，时年19岁的支月英到江西省宜春市偏远的泥洋村担任乡村教师时，村民们怀疑她是否会待很久。A. imagined想象；B. predicted预测；C. requested要求；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“Zhi, though, was there for more than thirty years”可知，支月英实际在村里待了三十多年，与村民起初的判断形成反差，说明起初村民对她能否长期留任持怀疑态度。 19．考查名词。句意：毕竟，此前已有多名志愿教师来到这里，但都很快就离开了。A. guides向导；B. students学生；C. officials官员；D. teachers教师。根据上文“When Zhi Yueying, then 19, went to the _______ Niyang village in Yichun city, Jiangxi province, to work as a village teacher in 1980(空里填remote)”可推知，来到村子从事相关工作的是教师群体。 20．考查动词。句意：毕竟，此前已有多名志愿教师来到这里，但都很快就离开了。A. left离开；B. stayed停留；C. retired退休；D. settled定居。根据下文“Zhi, though, was there for more than thirty years”可知，支月英长期留在村里；由此可推知，此前来的老师都很快离开了。 21．考查名词。句意：四十年来，支月英始终投身于乡村教育事业。A. tradition传统；B. tourism旅游业；C. education教育；D. business商业。根据文章开头“Zhi Yueying is a village teacher who has been working for almost four decades.”可知，支月英是乡村教师，她毕生投入的领域是乡村教育。 22．考查形容词。句意：她是2016年央视《感动中国》奖项的获得者，该奖项表彰最具感召力的榜样人物。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. mature成熟的；D. knowledgeable知识渊博的。根据空前的“Touching China awards”可知，该奖项用于表彰能够打动大众、鼓舞他人的榜样人物。 23．考查动词。句意：今年早些时候，她还被中共中央、国务院授予脱贫攻坚楷模称号。A. demanded要求；B. awarded授予；C. assessed评估；D. replaced取代。根据空后的“as a model poverty fighter by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council”可知，她被授予官方荣誉称号。 24．考查动词。句意：毕业后，她申请到泥洋村小学任教，尽管她的母亲强烈反对。A. happened发生；B. failed失败；C. refused拒绝；D. applied申请。根据上文“Zhi wanted to become a teacher since childhood”可知，支月英从小立志当老师；由此可推知，她申请去乡村小学任教。 25．考查名词。句意：毕业后，她申请到泥洋村小学任教，尽管她的母亲强烈反对。A. support支持；B. opposition反对；C. push推动；D. belief信念。根据空前的“despite”可知，despite表示转折逻辑，说明母亲持反对态度。 26．考查动词。句意：因为没有路，村民们不得不在山里徒步跋涉。A. race赛跑；B. cycle骑行；C. hike徒步远行；D. drive驾车。根据空后的“since there was no road”可知，由于山里没有通行道路，所以人们无法使用交通工具，只能步行走山路。 27．考查动词。句意：此外，当地人需要下山购买日常用品。A. borrow借；B. sell售卖；C. purchase购买；D. find找到。根据上文“Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town.”可知，村庄地处深山，十分贫穷且远离城镇，村民自身生活物资匮乏，下山是为了购买生活用品。 28．考查副词。句意：支月英说：“我以前从没走过山路，所以一开始我走得比其他人慢得多，有时候被落下很远，都吓哭了。”A. slowly缓慢地；B. actively积极地；C. casually随意地；D. hurriedly匆忙地。根据空后的“sometimes I was left behind too much and was scared to tears”可知，支月英会被其他人远远落在后面，说明她走路的速度比别人慢。 29．考查动词。句意：但她逐渐适应了那里的生活。A. stuck卡住；B. referred提及；C. agreed同意；D. adapted适应。根据上文支月英说的话“I had never walked on a mountain road before, so in the beginning, I walked much more _________ than others, sometimes I was left behind too much and was scared to tears.(空里填slowly)”可推知，她初到山区时生活艰难；再结合空前的转折词But可知，她后来适应了这种生活。 30．考查动词短语。句意：多年来，支月英教学生知识，还照顾他们，因为他们中的很多是留守儿童，他们的父母外出务工了。A. made up for弥补；B. cared for照顾；C. watched out for提防；D. searched for寻找。根据空后的“since many of them were “left-behind” children”可知，留守儿童缺少家人照料，因此支月英除了教学之外还承担起照顾他们的责任。 31．考查名词。句意：多年来，支月英教学生知识，还照顾他们，因为他们中的很多是留守儿童，他们的父母外出务工了。A. parents父母；B. neighbors邻居；C. relatives亲戚；D. classmates同学。根据空后的“migrated to other places to work”可知，外出务工的是留守儿童的父母。 三、 32．singers 33．greatly 34．the 35．combining 36．has written 37．which 38．with 39．peaceful 40．known 41．death 【解析】文章主要介绍了中国知名音乐人刘欢的生平经历、艺术成就以及他的离世给中国乐坛带来的损失。 32．考查名词的数。句意：凭借强劲的嗓音和诸多优秀作品闻名的中国音乐人刘欢，是中国最知名的歌手之一。句子结构中“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……的……之一”，此处singer是可数名词，需要变为复数形式。 33．考查副词。句意：他的文科教育极大地拓宽了他的视野，为他独特的艺术风格打下了坚实的基础。修饰动词broadened需用副词greatly。 34．考查冠词。句意：刘欢在20世纪80年代踏入音乐行业。表示“在……世纪……年代”的固定结构为“in the + 年代复数”，1980s前需要加定冠词the。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：他擅长将中国传统旋律和现代流行音乐结合起来。固定搭配be good at后接动词时，需要使用动名词形式作宾语。 36．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，他创作了大量经典原创歌曲。时间状语Over the past decades是现在完成时的标志，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。 37．考查定语从句。句意：这些歌曲大部分都作为知名影视剧的主题曲。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是songs（指物），关系代词位于介词of之后，只能用which引导。 38．考查介词。句意：他在北京奥运会开幕式上和莎拉·布莱曼一同演唱了奥运主题曲《我和你》。固定搭配together with表示“和……一起”，符合语境。 39．考查形容词。句意：这段温柔平和的旋律完美展现了和谐与友谊的精神。句中需要修饰名词melody需用形容词peaceful。 40．考查非谓语动词。句意：这也让刘欢在全球范围内为人熟知。此处是“make sb.+形容词/过去分词”结构，刘欢和know之间是被动关系，表示“被熟知”，用过去分词known作宾语补足语。 41．考查名词。句意：他的离世是中国乐坛的一大损失。句中形容词性物主代词His后面需要接名词作主语，动词die要变为对应的名词death。 四、 参考范文1（推荐阅读） Dear Peter, I’m glad to hear that you plan to take up a hobby in the new term. I’d like to recommend reading. Reading is a wonderful hobby. First, it helps you relax and reduce stress after busy study. Second, it broadens your horizons and enriches your knowledge. Besides, reading English novels can greatly improve your English. To develop this hobby, start with books you are interested in and read about 30 minutes every day. Joining a reading club is also a good idea, where you can share ideas with others. I hope my advice is helpful. Yours, Li Hua 参考范文2（推荐徒步） Dear Peter, I’m glad to know you want to develop a new hobby in the new term. I’d highly recommend hiking. Hiking is a fantastic hobby. Not only can it build up your body, but it also helps you escape from heavy study pressure and get close to nature. Besides, you can make new friends while hiking. It is truly a rewarding and relaxing after-school activity. To develop this hobby, start with short and easy trails near your home, and remember to wear comfortable shoes. Going hiking with friends once a week is also a good idea. I hope my advice is helpful. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给英国笔友Peter回邮件，就其新学期培养课余爱好寻求建议一事，推荐一项爱好并说明推荐理由及给出培养建议。 1.词汇积累 放松：relax → unwind 拓宽：broaden → expand 培养：develop → cultivate/foster 对……感兴趣：be interested in → be keen on/be fascinated by‌ 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, it helps you relax and reduce stress after busy study. 拓展句：First, reading, which​ is a good way to relax, helps you reduce stress after busy study.   【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m glad to hear that you plan to take up a hobby in the new term. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Joining a reading club is also a good idea, where you can share ideas with others. (运用了动名词作主语和where引导的非限制性定语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 主语从句 知识点二 宾语从句 知识点三 表语从句 知识点四 同位语从句 练|巩固提升训练 1. 考情总览 名词性从句在全国卷及新高考卷中几乎每年必考，主要分布在语法填空、短文改错，同时在写作中是提升句式档次的关键结构。下表汇总近五年高考高频考向，复习时优先突破打★的项目。 表 1 名词性从句高考高频考点分布 考查题型 常见命题点 出现频率 难度 语法填空 that / what / whether / how 的选择；从句语序 ★★★★★ 中 短文改错 that 与 which 混用；whether 与 if 混用；多引导词；语序错误 ★★★★ 中 完形填空 连接代词 / 连接副词在语境中的逻辑选择 ★★★ 中偏难 读后续写/写作 用主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句升级简单句 ★★★★ 应用 听力/阅读 识别长句中的从句嵌套，抓取主干 ★★★ 理解 2. 核心概念与引导词总表 名词性从句（Noun Clause）指在句子中起名词作用的从句。它在复合句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四类。 引导名词性从句的连接词按其在从句中所作成分分为三类，选择引导词的根本依据是"从句内部缺什么成分"：缺主/宾/表用连接代词；缺状语用连接副词；从句结构完整不缺成分用从属连词。 表 2 名词性从句引导词分类总表 类别 引导词 在从句中所作成分 是否省略 从属连词 that 不充当成分，无词义 宾语从句口语中常省；其余一般不省 从属连词 whether / if 不充当成分，意为"是否" 不可省 连接代词 what / whatever / who / whoever / whom / whose / which / whichever 作主语、宾语、表语、定语 不可省 连接副词 when / where / why / how 作状语 不可省 关系副词性疑问 how many / how much / how long / how often 等 作状语，修饰数量/时间/频率等 不可省 3. 四类名词性从句的用法 判断从句类型的方法：将从句单独提取出来，看它在主句中所处的位置和承担的成分——位于句首及谓语前为主语从句；位于及物动词或介词后为宾语从句；位于系动词后为表语从句；位于抽象名词后且解释其内容为同位语从句。 3.1 主语从句（Subject Clause） 位置：位于主句谓语动词之前，或由 it 作形式主语、真正主语后置。 例句 1：That the earth is round is a well-known truth. 地球是圆的，这是众所周知的事实。（that 不作成分，不可省） 例句 2：What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 他在会上说的话让在场的每个人都吃惊。（what 作 said 的宾语） 例句 3：It is reported that the new museum will open next month. 据报道，新博物馆将于下月开放。（it 形式主语） 考点提示：主语从句谓语通常用单数；that 引导主语从句时不能省略；为避免头重脚轻，常借助 it 作形式主语。 3.2 宾语从句（Object Clause） 位置：位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。 例句 1：I believe (that) honesty is the best policy. 我相信诚实为上策。（及物动词后 that 可省） 例句 2：We are talking about whether we should hold the sports meeting. 我们正在讨论是否该举办运动会。（介词后只用 whether，不用 if） 例句 3：He asked me where I had spent my holiday. 他问我去哪里度假了。（注意陈述语序） 例句 4：I think it necessary that we should learn a foreign language well. 我认为学好一门外语是必要的。（it 形式宾语） 考点提示：① 宾语从句一律用陈述语序；② 主句为过去时，从句须用相应过去时态（客观真理除外）；③ 介词后、discuss 后、与 or not 直接连用、后接不定式时只用 whether。 3.3 表语从句（Predicative Clause） 位置：位于系动词（be / seem / remain / look 等）之后。 例句 1：The problem is who can replace him. 问题是谁能替代他。 例句 2：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 例句 3：The reason why he was late is that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是没赶上早班公交。（reason 后表语从句用 that，不用 because） 考点提示：That 引导表语从句不可省；主语为 reason 时，表语从句引导词用 that 而不用 because。 3.4 同位语从句（Appositive Clause） 位置：位于 fact / news / hope / belief / doubt / suggestion / evidence / truth / possibility 等抽象名词之后，用来说明该名词的具体内容。 例句 1：The news that our team has won the match is encouraging. 我们队获胜的消息令人鼓舞。（that 仅起连接作用，不作成分） 例句 2：I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他何时回来。 例句 3：He made a suggestion that we (should) put off the meeting. 他建议我们推迟会议。（suggestion 后同位语从句用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形） 考点提示：同位语从句与定语从句的根本区别在于——that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分且不可省；在定语从句中 that 必须充当主/宾/表，作宾语时可省。 4. 核心用法规则（高考高频） 以下八条几乎覆盖了高考对名词性从句的全部命题角度，每条均配例句，建议逐条过关。 规则 1：that 与 what 的选择 that 在从句中不充当成分、无词义；what 在从句中必须充当主语、宾语或表语，意为"……的东西/事情/话"。简单判断：把从句单独拎出来，若主谓宾完整，用 that；若缺主/宾/表，用 what。 例句：After what seemed a long time, he finally stood up. 似乎过了很久，他终于站了起来。（what 作 seemed 的主语） 规则 2：whether 与 if 的区别 下列 6 种情况只能用 whether，不能用 if：① 位于句首引导主语从句；② 引导表语从句和同位语从句；③ 介词之后；④ 后接 or not 时；⑤ 后接不定式 to do 时；⑥ 与 discuss 等动词连用。 例句：Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 明天是否去野营取决于天气。（句首只用 whether） 规则 3：连接代词与连接副词的选择 从句中缺主语、宾语、表语时用连接代词（what / who / which / whose）；从句主谓宾完整、缺状语时用连接副词（when / where / why / how）。 例句：I have no idea how he solved the problem. 我不知道他是怎么解决这个问题的。（solve 已有宾语 the problem，缺方式状语，用 how） 规则 4：陈述语序 所有名词性从句一律使用"引导词 + 主语 + 谓语"的陈述语序，禁止使用疑问倒装语序。这是短文改错和语法填空的高频失分点。 错：Can you tell me where is the station? 对：Can you tell me where the station is? 规则 5：it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语 为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的从句后置。常见句型：It is + 形容词 / 名词 / 过去分词 + that 从句；主语 + think / find / feel / make + it + 宾补 + that 从句。 例句：The new medicine makes it possible that patients with this disease can live longer. 这种新药使该病患者有望活得更长。 规则 6：同位语从句 vs 定语从句 关键看 that 是否在从句中充当成分：若 that 后句子结构完整，that 不充当成分，则为同位语从句；若 that 后缺主/宾/表，则为定语从句，that 可换成 which 或省略。 表 3 同位语从句与定语从句对比 对比项 同位语从句 定语从句 功能 解释名词的具体内容 限定名词的范围/特征 that 作用 仅连接，不作成分 作从句主/宾/表 that 是否可省 不可省 作宾语时可省 that 后能否加完整句子 能 不能（缺成分） 例句 The fact that he passed the exam surprised us.（事实=他通过考试） The fact that he told us surprised us.（他告诉我们的那个事实） 规则 7：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 表示"建议、命令、要求、坚持"等意义的动词（suggest / advise / order / command / demand / require / request / insist / desire 等），其后的宾语从句、以及其名词形式（suggestion / order / demand 等）后的表语从句、同位语从句，谓语用"（should +）动词原形"，should 可省。 注意区分：suggest 作"表明、暗示"、insist 作"坚持认为（某事实）"时，不用虚拟语气，按陈述语气处理。 例句 1：The teacher suggested that we (should) read English aloud every morning. 老师建议我们每天早晨朗读英语。 例句 2：His pale face suggested that he was ill. 他苍白的脸色表明他病了。（不用虚拟） 规则 8：否定转移 主语为第一人称，主句谓语为 think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等时，从句的否定习惯上转移到主句上。变为反意疑问句时，后段根据从句肯定形式反问。 例句：I don"t believe he has finished his homework, has he? 我认为他没做完作业，是吧？ ▲易错点警示表 表 4 名词性从句十大易错点 序号 易错点 正确做法 1 that 与 what 混用 从句缺主/宾/表用 what；从句完整用 that 2 介词后误用 if 介词后、discuss 后只用 whether 3 宾语从句用疑问语序 一律用陈述语序：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 4 主从句时态不一致 主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态（真理除外） 5 reason 后用 because reason 后表语从句用 that 6 同位语从句与定语从句混淆 看 that 是否在从句中作成分 7 suggest / insist 后一律用虚拟 表"表明/坚持认为事实"时不用虚拟 8 主语从句谓语用复数 主语从句通常视作单数，谓语用单数 9 主从句主语重复 如误写：What he did he went…；应为 What he did was… 10 形式宾语漏 it think / find / make + it + adj. + that 从句，it 不可省 考法 1 what 与 that 的辨别 【原句】___ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.（2013 全国卷） 【规律】主语从句中缺少主语，且意为"……的事物"，须用连接代词 what，相当于 the thing that。that 在主语从句中不作成分，不能作主语。 【答案】What。句意：使这本书如此非同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。 考法 2 whether 引导主语从句 【原句】It remains to be seen ___ he will support the plan. 【规律】it 为形式主语，真正主语在句末；"是否"位于句末且主语从句中，若位于及物动词后可用 if，但与 or not 暗示、正式文体中仍以 whether 为首选。 【答案】whether。句意：他是否会支持这项计划还有待观察。 考法 3 同位语从句引导词 【原句】Evidence has been found through years of study ___ children"s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.（2012 上海卷改编） 【规律】空格前为抽象名词 evidence，空格后为结构完整的句子，解释 evidence 的具体内容，是分隔式同位语从句，用 that 引导。 【答案】that。句意：经过多年研究，已有证据表明儿童早期的睡眠问题很可能会持续到长大以后。 考法 4 宾语从句语序 【原句】As a high school graduate, I am wondering ___ in the coming vacation. A. how can I do B. what I can do C. what can I do D. how I can do it 【规律】宾语从句必须用陈述语序，先排除 A、C；do 为及物动词须带宾语，故选 what（what 作 do 的宾语）。 【答案】B。 考法 5 表语从句 reason 后用 that 【原句】The reason for the failure is ___ we lacked enough experience. 【规律】主语为 reason 时，表语从句引导词用 that，不用 because。because 仅用于回答 why 提出的问题。 【答案】that。句意：失败的原因是我们缺乏足够的经验。 考法 6 介词后只用 whether 【原句】We are discussing about ___ we will hold the sports meeting next week. 【规律】介词 about 之后、discuss 之后只能用 whether，不能用 if。 【答案】whether。 考法 7 虚拟语气在 suggestion 后 【原句】The suggestion that the mayor ___ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. would present B. present C. presents D. ought to present 【规律】名词 suggestion 后的同位语从句须用虚拟语气"（should +）动词原形"，should 可省，故选动词原形 present。 【答案】B。 考法 8 连接副词 how 与连接代词 what 的语境选择 【原句】I have the impression ___ we have met somewhere before. 【规律】抽象名词 impression 后接同位语从句，从句主谓宾完整，不缺成分，用 that。 【答案】that。句意：我感觉我们以前在哪儿见过。 用适当的连接词填空，或选出最佳选项。 1. ___ we will go camping tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2. It is very important ___ we should learn English well. 3. The question is ___ we can finish the task on time. 4. I don"t know ___ he will agree to the plan or not. 5. ___ leaves the room last should turn off the lights. 6. We think it necessary ___ we (should) master a foreign language. 7. The news ___ our team won the game made us excited. 8. He raised the question ___ we should get so much money. 9. It depends on ___ we have enough time. 10. ___ makes me admire her is her bravery in face of difficulty. 11. The order that we ___ (send) to the front at once was received yesterday. 12. I have no idea ___ he did it that way. 13. It looks ___ it is going to rain. 14. Please tell me ___ the nearest station is. 15. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country. 训练 一、单项选择 1．My experience tells me that it’s not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A．which; that B．what; how C．that; how D．what; that 2．Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done to harvest private user data behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial, ________ accounts for my intention to permanently deactivate my personal account. A．whether; which B．what; which C．why; that D．/; that 3．It makes no difference ________ tomorrow. A．whether will you come B．whether you are going to come or not C．if will you come D．if you came 4．________ was the architecture design of Tianjin Binhai New Area Cultural Center Library. A．What made her interesting most B．What she was interested most C．What was most interested to her D．What interested her most 5．There is some doubt ________ he can pass the mid‑term examination. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 6．________ at the conflicting evidence, the researcher kept trying to find the truth ________ the event was caused by human activity rather than natural factors. A．Frustrating; which B．Frustrated; that C．Being frustrated; that D．Having frustrated; which 7．There is some doubt ________my full engagement ________ the project can make a difference. A．whether; to B．that; to C．that; in D．whether; in 8．There is no evidence ________ the meeting actually took place. A．which B．what C．whose D．that 9．I'll never forget the years______ we spent in the countryside. A．in which B．when C．where D．that 10．The Millennium City was built with Qingming Riverside Landscape as the blueprint, which was painted by Zhang Zeduan, ________ in the Northern Song Dynasty. A．a famous painter B．was a famous painter C．is a famous painter D．that was a famous painter 11．My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A．that B．what C．whether D．how 12．The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A．which; what B．that; what C．what; when D．that; when 13．________ makes the China International Import Expo (CIIE) special is ________ it’s the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A．Which, what B．What, that C．That, what D．What, whether 14．The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A．where B．that C．what D．which 15．The reason ___ he was late was ___ he got up late. A．why, why B．why, because C．why, that D．why, as 16．The problem is ________ to take the place of Ted. A．who can we get B．what we can get C．who we can get D．that we can get 17．— Is that old factory ______ you often refer to? — Right, just the one _____ I worked for years. A．the one; that B．one; which C．what; where D．which; that 18．He didn’t know which room ______. A．they lived B．they lived in C．did the live D．did the live in 19．The anxious students didn’t know ________ could be done to achieve his goal. A．whether B．that C．what D．who 20．The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A．why B．what C．which D．where 21．He always does ________ he thinks he should. A．whether B．which C．what D．how 22．— Mom, I’m really thankful for your hard work. I wonder ________. — My dear, seeing you grow well is all I want. A．if you give me so much care B．what do you worry about most C．why do you do so much for me D．how you always spare time for me 23．Susan is out. I wonder how long ago ________. A．did she go B．she has left C．she leaves D．she left 24．Peter was fired again. He really didn’t know ________. A．what did go wrong B．what went wrong C．which did go wrong D．which went wrong 25．—Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A．how can I get to B．how I can get to C．when can I get to D．when I can get to 26．The professor explained that light ________ faster than sound. A．travelled B．travels C．had travelled D．would travel 27．Could you tell me ________ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? A．whether is there going to be B．whether there is going to have C．if there was going to be D．if there is going to be 28．The teacher said that the moon________ around the earth. A．moves B．moved C．would move D．will move 29．The Youth Ceremony was held successfully. Could you tell me ________? A．who will be the host of it B．which hall was it held in C．whose show made you the most excited D．that you were encouraged by the speech 30．—What did the assistant say to you? —She asked me ________. A．where did I see the style B．what else I will buy C．when does the shop close D．if I liked that orange dress 31．Excuse me, would you please tell me________? A．how we can get to the bank B．how can we get to the bank C．how get to the bank D．how could we get to the bank 32．Mr. Li asked us, “Where are you going?” Mr. Li asked us ________ we ________ going. A．where; are B．that; are C．if; were D．where; were 33．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said ________ ________ watching TV ________. A．he; was; / B．I; was; then C．I; am; that day D．he; was; then 34．______that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point? A．During the 1980’s B．That it was in the 1980’s C．Was it in the 1980’s D．It was in the 1980’s 35．—________ have you lived here? —For almost 10 years. A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How old 36．With ______ will you have a picnic tomorrow? A．who B．whose C．what D．whom 37．__________ 110 when there is an emergency both in public and at home. A．Dialing B．Dial C．to dial D．Dialed 38． ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A．Knock B．Knocking C．Knocked D．To knock 39．Tom asked Mary, “Where did you go last night?”  (变为间接引语) Tom asked Mary where _______ the night before. A．she went B．did she go C．she had gone D．had she gone 40．________ on the waiting list ________ will be selected for the leadership position in the non-profit organization? A．Who; do you think B．Whom; do you think C．Who; you think D．Whom; you think 二、翻译 41．最重要的并非选择本身，而是我们对待自己抉择的态度。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 42．人工智能极有可能在我们未来的生活中扮演至关重要的角色。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ 43．总而言之，掌握时间的人就能掌握未来。（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________________ 44．毫无疑问，先进科技将改变我们日常生活的方方面面。（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________ 45．现在，我得出一个结论：有志者事竟成。（汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 46．他要来的消息让我们倍感高兴。(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 47．这就是我们广泛阅读的原因——开阔眼界认识世界。(表语从句)(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________________ 48．那就是为什么当星星出来的时候，它们是看得见的，但是当灯熄灭了，它们是看不见的。（That is why）（汉译英） ________________________________________ 49．重要的是，我们拥有思考与创造的渴望。（what…is that句型）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 50．人们说英国人对待吃的东西总是很谨慎。(介词 +what从句)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51．听说你和最好朋友的友谊因为一个误会而出现危机，我很难过。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 52．我对他刚刚所说的内容很感兴趣。（介词后的宾语从句）(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 53．recommend (that) sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事（宾语从句虚拟语气，should 可省） ____________________________________________________________________ 我建议你旅途租一辆车。（汉译英） 54．很多人认为，勇气就是去做你害怕的事情。(what从句)（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________ 55．回顾高中生活，Lisa觉得它充满了快乐和成长。(look back on；现在分词做状语) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 A Posting photos of local plants may not seem like a normal way to success as a social media influencer. But Kyle Lybarger, born and raised in Alabama, has found unexpected Internet fame by introducing his followers to the overlooked world of southeastern plants. In an interview, Lybarger credits his success to stubbornness, to a positive energy he inherited from his late dad and, largely, to not worrying about what others think. “I was a deer hunter, forester, a man posting about flowers,” he says. “You have to really care the least about what people think of you to do that.” About a decade ago, Lybarger cleared a small area of land in a forest to grow plants whose fruits would attract deer and wild turkeys. He even applied some herbicide (除草剂) and cut down the surrounding trees to let in more light. The next summer, he found the additional sunlight brought a beautiful surprise: an amazing variety of wild flowers. After he posted the flowers on Facebook, a local botanist and science teacher got in touch, confirming some rare and vulnerable species, such as Alabama larkspur. Lybarger suddenly realized that the grassland he had killed was ideal for attracting wildlife itself. This experience inspired him to dive into a body of research indicating that historically the Southeast was home to expansive grasslands as well as those wild flowers. It was then that Lybarger found his mission: to save the remaining grasslands and flora. Together with a botanist from Auburn University, he appealed on all the major social media platforms to forest owners and farmers to stop mowing (修剪草坪) and using herbicides. In 2023 he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the rare plants, hoping to raise public awareness and help pay for conservation. The project ended up raising over $100,000 in less than a year, most of which went to his conservation efforts. “My biggest contribution comes through education on social media, influencing people to grow the native plants that best support declining pollinators (授粉昆虫) and other insects,” he says, “One person, one yard, one-tenth of an acre can make a bigger difference than you think.” 1．According to Lybarger, he mainly owes his success to ________. A．his passion about native plants B．the development of internet industry C．the spiritual support from his late dad D．his freedom from others’ judgement 2．What led Lybarger to discover the value of the wild flowers? A．His being brought up in Alabama. B．His being a sociable forester. C．His working experience as a hunter. D．The feedback from a local botanist. 3．Why does the writer mention the money in paragraph 4? A．To indicate the difficulty of their project. B．To show the artistic value of their design. C．To prove the success of the project. D．To explain the ambition of his team. 4．What message does Lybarger want to convey in the last paragraph? A．Virtue is its own reward. B．Many drops make a shower. C．Roses given, fragrance in hand. D．Wisdom begins with admitting your ignorance. B In Spain, children and their families are riding bikes to school together in large groups. The program is called "bicibus” or bike bus. In Barcelona, the program started recently with only five children and grew quickly to hundreds of riders. This fall, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. In September, a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays. Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The route it will follow is always posted ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. Instead of riding in bike lanes (道) or on sidewalks, the bicibus takes over the entire street. The commute (通勤) of these bikers takes about 25 minutes. And with the ever-growing cycling and skating kids taking part in this bike bus culture, the local police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibus and behind it. This further makes the parents happy that the additional security means their children will travel' safely to school With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibus feels like a party. "The best part of the bicibus is that we ride along and pick up my friends, and we ride together,” nine-year-old Maria Pitarch says. Some parents have made the bicibus the way they get to work on Fridays. Parents are hoping that the bicibus will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. They want the city to create wider, kid-friendly bike lanes that are separate from car traffic. They point out that the bicibus also helps cut down on pollution. Recently, pictures and videos of the Eixample bicibus got a lot of attention on the social media site. Many people pointed out what a simple idea it is, and how easy it is to get started. Already some other areas in Barcelona are also organizing bike buses. 5．What can we learn about the bicibus? A．It has a flexible schedule. B．Its path is known in advance. C．It takes over the whole sidewalks. D．Its safety is a concern for parents. 6．Why are parents glad to see the police there? A．Fewer cars run on Fridays now. B．The extra guards keep kids safe. C．Children can ride faster with help. D．The police teach children traffic rules. 7．Why does the author mention Maria Pitarch in paragraph 4? A．To introduce more about the bike bus. B．To praise the performance of the kids. C．To encourage readers to join the bike bus. D．To show the enjoyment kids get from the program. 8．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The heavy traffic in the city center. B．The rise of the bike-sharing market. C．A growing bike-to-school program. D．The safety rules for young cyclists. C Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are. Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and her colleagues conducted a series of studies with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food. They had to assess how the students felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked. The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge (沉湎) in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule. 9．What was the focus of the studies about comfort food? A．The level of its effects. B．The principles of its effects. C．The bad sides of its effects. D．The significance of its effects. 10．Why were movie clips arranged during the research? A．To amuse the students. B．To add a little more appeal. C．To relieve the students’ stress. D．To create a negative atmosphere. 11．What did the studies imply about the effect of comfort food? A．It works slightly. B．It has a lasting impact. C．It makes no difference. D．It matters more with films. 12．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To state a fact. B．To introduce a rule. C．To offer a suggestion. D．To add a background. D Hailey Magee rushed home from school crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report card. Growing up, she had learned that the way to receive recognition and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was heart-broken,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.” Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is a textbook example of a growing trend in recent years: perfectionist (完美主义者) behavior. Perfectionism is now a growing cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, eating disorders and self-harm. The constant stress of attempting to be perfect can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia (失眠). Many parents today feel a sense of competitiveness that they may push onto their kids, whether by pressuring them to get perfect grades so they can get into top schools or engaging them in after-school activities that might look good on a college application. But if a child is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also increase unhealthy comparisons. “It’s a real problem — those social media images end up serving as standards that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to be as good as others,” Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with other people, because today we are constantly bombarded (轰炸) with seemingly perfect images of other people’s lives. Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. She said, “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!” 13．How did Hailey Magee feel when she got an A-minus? A．Satisfied. B．Excited. C．Disappointed. D．Uninterested. 14．Perfectionism may result in the following problems EXCEPT ________. A．negative feelings B．high work efficiency C．increased stress levels D．physical problems 15．What can we infer from Sherry’s words? A．Social media users should avoid posting perfect-looking photos online. B．Perfectionists tend to measure themselves against others’ online images. C．People can easily live up to the perfect lives shown on social media. D．Social media is designed to bring people closer to their real-life friends. 16．What is the best title for the passage? A．Parental Pressure: The Root of All Student Anxiety B．Hailey Magee’s Story: From Straight A’s to Failure C．The Role of Social Media in Creating Feelings of Imperfection D．The Dangers of Perfectionism and the Road to Self-Acceptance 二、完形填空 Zhi Yueying is a village teacher who has been working for almost four decades. When Zhi Yueying, then 19, went to the 17 Niyang village in Yichun city, Jiangxi province, to work as a village teacher in 1980, villagers 18 if she was going to stay long. After all, a number of voluntary 19 had arrived before, but all had 20 soon after. Zhi, though, was there for more than thirty years, before going to a more remote village school in the mountains. Over the past four decades, Zhi has devoted herself to rural 21 . She is a recipient of China Central Television’s Touching China awards that recognize the most 22 role models in 2016. She was also 23 as a model poverty fighter by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council earlier this year. Born in Nanchang city, Jiangxi, in 1961, Zhi wanted to become a teacher since childhood. She 24 to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after graduation, despite her mother’s strong 25 . Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town. Villagers had to 26 in the mountains since there was no road. Moreover, local people needed to go downhill to 27 daily necessities. “I had never walked on a mountain road before, so in the beginning, I walked much more 28 than others, sometimes I was left behind too much and was scared to tears,” says Zhi. But she gradually 29 to her life there. She has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains. Over the years, Zhi taught the students and 30 them, since many of them were “left-behind” children whose 31 migrated to other places to work. More than 1,000 students of hers have left the mountain area, and created a better life for themselves. 17．A．rich B．remote C．nice D．fascinating 18．A．imagined B．predicted C．requested D．doubted 19．A．guides B．students C．officials D．teachers 20．A．left B．stayed C．retired D．settled 21．A．tradition B．tourism C．education D．business 22．A．inspiring B．energetic C．mature D．knowledgeable 23．A．demanded B．awarded C．assessed D．replaced 24．A．happened B．failed C．refused D．applied 25．A．support B．opposition C．push D．belief 26．A．race B．cycle C．hike D．drive 27．A．borrow B．sell C．purchase D．find 28．A．slowly B．actively C．casually D．hurriedly 29．A．stuck B．referred C．agreed D．adapted 30．A．made up for B．cared for C．watched out for D．searched for 31．A．parents B．neighbors C．relatives D．classmates 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese musician Liu Huan, famous for his strong voice and many great works, was one of China’s most well-known 32 (singer). He died in Shanghai on Sept 25, aged 63. He was born in Tianjin in 1963. Unlike many professional musicians, he studied French literature at the Beijing Institute of International Relations. His liberal arts education has 33 (great) broadened his horizons and laid a solid foundation for his unique artistic style. Liu Huan stepped into the music industry in 34 1980s. He soon stood out for his powerful, clear and infectious voice. He was good at 35 (combine) traditional Chinese melody with modern pop music. Over the past decades, he 36 (write) a large number of classic original songs, most of 37 serve as theme songs of famous TV dramas and films. His career reached a peak in 2008. He performed the Olympic theme song You and Me together 38 Sarah Brightman at the Beijing Olympic Games opening ceremony. The gentle and 39 (peace) melody perfectly showed the spirit of harmony and friendship, making Liu Huan 40 (know) worldwide. As a modest and talented artist, he is widely respected by the public and fellow musicians. His 41 (die) is a big loss for Chinese music. 四、书信写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter新学期计划培养一项课余爱好，来信向你寻求建议，请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐一项爱好；2. 说明推荐理由；3. 给出培养该爱好的简单建议。 注意： 1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $