学考专题01 词汇专项（核心词汇与短语辨析）：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题01 核心词汇与短语辨析 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 词汇辨析 考点二 短语辨析 练|巩固提升训练 考点一 核心词汇辨析 一、动词辨析（最高频，必考点） 1. affect / effect / influence 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 affect vt. 影响；使感动；（疾病）侵袭 affect sb./sth. effect n. 影响，效果；（vt. 实现，极少考） have an effect on influence vt./n. 影响（潜移默化、长期） influence sb.; have influence on sb. 2. adapt / adopt 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 adapt v. 适应；改编 adapt to sth. 适应；adapt sth. from 根据……改编 adopt v. 采纳；收养 adopt a plan 采纳计划；adopt a child 收养孩子 3. convince / persuade 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 convince vt. 使确信，使相信（侧重让人相信事实） convince sb. of sth. / convince sb. that… persuade vt. 说服（成功劝说某人做某事） persuade sb. to do / into doing 4. hesitate / wonder 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 wonder v. 想知道；感到惊讶 wonder if/whether… 5. forbid / ban / prohibit 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 forbid vt. 禁止（普通场合，个人/长辈禁止） forbid sb. to do ban vt. 明令禁止（法律、官方） ban doing sth. prohibit vt. 正式法律禁止 prohibit sb. from doing 6. acquire / gain / obtain / earn 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 acquire v. 习得（知识、技能）；获得（慢慢得到） acquire knowledge gain v. 收获；赢得（经验、力量、优势） gain experience obtain v.（正式）通过努力获得某物 obtain information earn v. 赚（钱）；赢得（名声） earn money / earn respect 二、名词辨析 1. award / reward / prize 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 award n./v. 奖项；授予（官方颁发） award sb. sth. reward n./v. 回报；报酬，奖赏（付出之后的回报） reward sb. for sth. prize n. 竞赛、比赛奖品 win a prize 2. strength / power / force / energy 单词 词性与词义 strength n. 体力；力量；优点，长处 power n. 权力；电力；能力 force n. 暴力；武力；外力 energy n. 精力；能量 3. profit / benefit / advantage 单词 词性与词义 profit n. 利润（商业） benefit n. 益处，好处；福利（对身心、生活） advantage n. 优势，有利条件 三、形容词、副词辨析 1. considerable / considerate 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 considerable adj. 相当多的，大量的 considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的 be considerate to sb.. 2. economic / economical 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 economic adj. 经济方面的；经济学的 economic growth 经济增长 economical adj. 节俭的，节约的 economical use of resources 3. continuous / continual 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 continuous adj. 不间断的，连续不断（无中断） continuous rain 连绵大雨 continual adj. 频繁的，反复发生（有间断） continual interruptions 4. worth / worthy / worthwhile 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 worth adj. 值得（后接名词/doing，主动表被动） be worth doing worthy adj. 值得（后接of或不定式被动） be worthy of sth. / be worthy to be done worthwhile adj. 值得花时间精力的（可作定语/表语） It is worthwhile to do/doing 5. distant / far / remote 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的（距离/关系） distant relative 远亲 far adj./adv. 远（多用于疑问、否定） remote adj. 偏远的；遥控的 remote village 6. specially / especially / particularly 单词 词性与词义 specially adv. 专门地，特意（为某个特定目的） especially adv. 尤其，特别（强调程度） particularly adv. 尤其，详细地（同especially，更正式） 四、介词&连词辨析 1. despite / though / although 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 despite prep. 尽管（后接名词/doing） despite the difficulty though / although conj. 连词，后接句子，不能和but连用 2. besides / except / except for / apart from 单词 词性与词义 besides prep. 除……之外（还有，包含在内） except prep. 除……之外（不包含，同类排除） except for prep. 除了（整体很好，局部瑕疵，不同类） apart from prep. 相当于besides/except（看语境） 3. because / since / as / for 单词 词性与词义 because conj. 因为（最强，回答why） since conj. 既然（显而易见原因） as conj. 由于（较弱原因） for conj. 因为（并列连词，不能放句首） 五、熟词生义（词汇辨析必考隐藏考点） 单词 熟义 高频考义/生义 搭配示例 address n. 地址 vt. 解决；向……发言 address the problem 解决问题 course n. 课程 n. 过程；一道菜；航线 cover v. 覆盖 v. 行走；报道；足以支付；包含 deliver v. 递送 v. 发表（演讲）；接生 deliver a speech employ v. 雇佣 v. 使用 employ a method 使用方法 fine adj. 好的 v. 罚款 sound v. 听起来 adj. 健全的，可靠的 sound advice 可靠建议 stage n. 舞台 n. 阶段 考点二 核心短语辨析 一、核心动词短语（10 个高频动词） （一）break 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 break down （机器）出故障；（身体、精神）垮掉；分解 The car broke down on the way. ／ She broke down when she heard the news. break up 分手；解散；（使）粉碎；放假 The couple broke up last year. ／ Police broke up the crowd. break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）突然爆发 A big fire broke out during the night. break in 闯入；插话 Thieves broke in while we were asleep. break into 强行闯入；突然开始（+tears / laughter） The house was broken into last night. ／ She broke into tears. break off 中断；折断 He broke off in the middle of the sentence. break through 突破；取得突破性进展 Scientists hope to break through in cancer research. break away from 脱离；挣脱；摆脱 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 辨析（考点聚焦）： break down：指"机器出故障、身体/精神垮掉"，注意名词化表达 have a breakdown。 break out：主语常是战争、火灾、疾病等灾害性名词，且不用于被动语态。 break in / break into：break in 不带宾语（闯入），break into 后接宾语；被动语态 be broken into 是语法填空高频考点。 break off：侧重"（谈话、关系等）突然中断"；break through 常与"障碍、难关"搭配。 （二）turn 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 turn on / turn off 打开 / 关闭（电器、水、煤气） Please turn on the lights. ／ Don't forget to turn off the tap. turn up 调高；出现、露面；找到 He promised to come, but he hasn't turned up yet. turn down 调低；拒绝 She turned down his invitation. turn out 结果是；生产；出席、到场；关掉 The party turned out to be a great success. turn to 求助于；转向；翻到 When in trouble, turn to your teachers for help. turn over 翻转；移交；翻页 The car turned over in the accident. turn into 变成；把……变成 The small village has turned into a modern town. turn against 转而反对；背叛 He turned against his former friends. turn away 把……拒之门外；转身离开 They turned away dozens of fans at the gate. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： turn up / turn down：既指音量、亮度等"调高/调低"，又引申为"出现 / 拒绝"，完形填空高频组合。 turn out：三种常考用法——turn out (to be) + n./adj.（结果是）；It turned out that...；turn out 表示"出席、到场"（= appear）。 turn to：后接人/物，turn to sb. for help（向某人求助）；turn to page 10（翻到第 10 页）。 turn over：turn over a new leaf（翻开新的一页、改过自新），写作可用。 （三）give 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 give up 放弃；让出；投降 Never give up hope. give in 屈服、让步；上交 He wouldn't give in to the enemy. give away 赠送；泄露（秘密）；颁发 The hero gave away the military secret. give off 散发（气味、光、热） The flowers give off a sweet smell. give out 分发；发出；用完、耗尽 The teacher gave out the test papers. ／ His strength gave out. give back 归还；送回 Please give back the book to me. give way to 让步于；让位于；被……取代 Old houses gave way to tall buildings. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： give off / give out：最易混组合。give off 强调"向外散发"（气味、光、热）；give out 强调"分发出去"或"用完、耗尽"。 give in：不及物搭配 give in to sb./sth.（向……屈服）； give up 后可接 doing（放弃做某事）。 give away：常考"泄露秘密"义； give way to 是书面高频搭配，写作升级可用。 （四）look 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 look after 照顾；照料 Who will look after the baby? look for 寻找 I'm looking for my keys. look up 查阅；抬头看；好转 Look up the new words in the dictionary. look up to 尊敬；钦佩 The students look up to their teacher. look down on 看不起；轻视 Don't look down on anyone. look into 调查；研究 The police are looking into the case. look through 浏览；翻阅；看穿 Look through your notes before the exam. look out 当心；留神 Look out! There's a car coming! look forward to 期待（+doing） I'm looking forward to hearing from you. look over 检查；查看 The doctor looked over the patient carefully. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： look up to / look down on：一对反义搭配（尊敬 / 轻视），完形常成对出现。 look forward to：to 是介词，后接 doing，是语法填空与短文改错的高频陷阱。 look into（调查）= investigate； look through（浏览）= skim，可用于写作替换。 look out：独立成句表示"当心！"；look out for 表示"留心、留意"。 （五）take 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 take off 起飞；脱下；迅速走红；请假 The plane took off on time. ／ Her singing career took off. take on 呈现（面貌）；承担；雇用 The city takes on a new look. take up 占据（空间、时间）；开始从事 This desk takes up too much room. ／ He took up painting. take over 接管；接替 She will take over the company. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 Don't be taken in by advertisements. take after （长相、性格）像（长辈） The little girl takes after her mother. take away 拿走；带走 Please take away the rubbish. take down 记下；拆除 Take down the main points of the talk. take back 收回（话语）；退回（商品） I take back what I said. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: take off：高考"一词多义"考查冠军——飞机起飞、事业腾飞、脱衣服、请假，需依据语境判断。 take in：三义常考——吸收（知识、水分）、欺骗（be taken in by）、理解（take in the news）。 take on：与"面貌"搭配 take on a new look（呈现新面貌）； take after 只能用于"像长辈"，不能用于"像朋友"。 take up：与时间、空间搭配； take over 与职务、公司搭配。 （六）put 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 put off 推迟；使……反感 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. put on 穿上；增加（体重）；上演；打开（灯） He put on weight during the holiday. put out 扑灭；出版；伸出 The firemen put out the fire quickly. put up 张贴；搭建；举起；留宿 They put up a tent by the river. ／ put up a notice put up with 忍受；容忍 I can't put up with the noise. put away 收起来；储存 Put away your toys before dinner. put forward 提出（计划、建议） He put forward a new plan at the meeting. put down 记下；放下；镇压 Put down your name here. put aside 储蓄；搁置 She puts aside some money every month. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: put off：后接 doing（put off making a decision），"推迟"义是最高频考点。 put on：多义——穿、增重（put on weight）、上演（put on a play）、打开（put on the light）。 put up with（忍受）与 put up（搭建、张贴）勿混； put forward（提出）是书面高频，可替换 propose。 put away（收好放回原处）与 put aside（储蓄、搁置到一边）方向不同。 （七）get 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 get along / on (with) 相处；进展 How are you getting along with your classmates? get over 克服；从……恢复 She can't get over her shyness. get through 通过；完成；接通（电话）；度过 I couldn't get through to him. ／ get through the exam get away 离开；逃脱 The thief got away with the money. get away with 做（坏事）而不受惩罚 Don't think you can get away with cheating. get down to 开始认真做（+doing） Let's get down to business. get rid of 摆脱；除掉 How to get rid of the bad habit? get in touch with 与……取得联系 I'll get in touch with you by email. get off 下车；离开 Please get off at the next stop. get up 起床；起身 I get up at six every day. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: get through：四义——通过考试、接通电话（get through to sb.）、完成工作、度过困难时期。 get down to：to 是介词，后接 doing（get down to working），与 look forward to 同属"介词陷阱"家族。 get away with：表示"（做了坏事）逃脱惩罚"，完形与写作双高频。 get over / get through：get over 侧重"克服（困难、情绪）、病愈"；get through 侧重"渡过、完成、打通"。 （八）come 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 come up 被提出；走近；（植物）长出 The question came up at the meeting. come up with 想出；提出（主意、方案） He came up with a clever idea. come across 偶然遇见；被理解 I came across an old photo in the drawer. come about 发生；产生 How did the accident come about? come to 总计；苏醒；谈到 The bill came to 200 yuan. ／ She came to herself. come true （梦想）实现 His dream came true at last. come out 出版；开花；（消息）传出；结果是 The magazine comes out every Friday. come on 加油；快点；来吧 Come on! You can make it! come over 顺便来访；过来 Come over and have dinner with us. come into effect 生效 The new law came into effect on May 1. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: come up / come up with：经典易混点。主语是"主意"用 come up（被提出）；主语是"人"用 come up with（提出）。 come about（发生）= happen，常用 How did it come about? 句型。 come to：后接数字表示"总计"；come to oneself 表示"苏醒、恢复意识"。 come true：只能以"梦想、愿望"作主语，不接宾语（不能说 come true his dream）。 （九）carry 与 work 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 carry out 执行；实施；完成 They carried out the experiment successfully. carry on 继续；坚持 Carry on with your work. carry off 赢得；夺走 She carried off the first prize. carry through 完成；使渡过难关 His courage carried him through. work out 计算出；解决；锻炼；结果是 Can you work out the problem? ／ Things worked out well. work on 从事；致力于 He is working on a new novel. work as 担任；充当 She works as a nurse. work at 努力于；钻研 You should work at your weak points. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: carry out：常与 plan、experiment、research、order、promise 搭配（执行计划、实验、命令、诺言），书面高频。 work out：多义——算出（work out the answer）、制定出（work out a plan）、锻炼、进展顺利（Things worked out well.）。 carry on（继续）后可接 with：carry on with the discussion。 （十）go、set 与 make 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 go on doing 继续做同一件事 He went on talking. go on to do 接着做另一件事 He went on to talk about his plan. go through 经历；仔细检查 They went through many hardships. go over 复习；仔细检查 Let's go over the lesson again. go ahead 继续；说吧；进行 Go ahead, please. go in for 爱好；从事 He goes in for collecting stamps. set off 出发；引爆；触发 They set off for Beijing at dawn. set out 出发；着手（set out to do） He set out to improve his English. set up 建立；创立；竖立 The school was set up in 1990. set about 着手做（+doing） She set about cleaning the house. set aside 留出；储蓄；暂不考虑 Set aside some time for exercise. make up 编造；组成；化妆；和解 Don't make up excuses. ／ Women make up half of the staff. make out 辨认出；理解 I could hardly make out his handwriting. make up for 弥补；补偿 Nothing can make up for the lost time. make use of 利用 We should make full use of our time. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: go on doing / go on to do：高考经典考点——前者"继续做同一件事"，后者"接着做另一件事"。 make up：多义——编造（借口）、组成（be made up of）、化妆、和解（make up with sb.）。 set off / set out / set about：set out to do sth. 与 set about doing sth. 同义"着手做"；set off 侧重"出发、引爆"。 make out：完形中常与 hardly、can't 连用（辨认出）； make up for 与 lost time、loss 搭配。 二、、易混介词与副词短语辨析（5 组） （一）时间类：in time / on time / at times / at a time / at one time / in no time 短语 核心含义 典型例句 in time 及时（in time for sth. / to do） We got to the station in time to catch the train. on time 准时 The train arrived on time. at times 有时；偶尔 At times I feel lonely. at a time 每次；一次 Take the pills two at a time. at one time 曾经；一度 At one time he lived in Paris. in no time 立刻；马上 I'll be back in no time. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： in time / on time：in time 强调"赶得上（时间点）"，on time 强调"按计划准点"，二者是语法填空、完形的最高频组合。 at a time（每次一个）与 at one time（曾经）形近义远，务必区分。 记忆链：in time（及时）— in no time（立刻）— at times（有时）— all the time（一直）。 （二）way 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 by the way 顺便说一下 By the way, have you seen Tom? in a way 在某种程度上 In a way, he is right. in the way 挡道；妨碍 Don't stand in the way. in no way 决不 In no way can we give up. on the way 在途中 On the way home, we met an old friend. in this way 用这种方式 In this way, you can save time. all the way 一路上；一直 She came all the way from Shanghai. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 介词不同、意义迥异：in a way（某种程度上）、in the way（挡路）、on the way（途中）、by the way（顺便提一下），完形最爱考这"四兄弟"。 in no way 置于句首时句子部分倒装：In no way should we give up.（写作加分句型） （三）表示"除了"：except / except for / besides / apart from / in addition to / other than 短语 核心含义 典型例句 except 除……之外（不包括） Everyone came except Tom. except for 除了……（不同类事物，用于修正整体评价） The room is empty except for a desk. besides 除……之外（还有） Besides English, she learns French. apart from 除……之外（兼有 except 与 besides 两义） Apart from the price, the dress is nice. in addition to 除……之外（还有，正式） In addition to apples, we need bananas. other than 除……之外；不同于 There's nobody here other than me. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: 核心区分：besides / in addition to 表示"包括在内（还有）"；except 表示"排除在外（不包括）"。I like all fruits except bananas.（不喜欢香蕉）／ Besides bananas, I like apples.（两者都喜欢） except for：用于"整体肯定+局部例外"——The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. apart from：最灵活，兼有 except 与 besides 两义，需结合语境判断。 other than：常与 no、nobody、nothing 连用：I have no choice other than to wait. （四）表示"原因"：because of / due to / owing to / thanks to / on account of / as a result of 短语 核心含义 典型例句 because of 因为（口语常用，作状语） He was late because of the rain. due to 由于（可作表语、状语） The delay was due to the heavy fog. owing to 由于（多作状语，正式） Owing to the bad weather, the match was put off. thanks to 多亏；由于（常含感激色彩） Thanks to your help, we finished on time. on account of 由于（正式） The flight was cancelled on account of the storm. as a result of 由于……的结果 As a result of the accident, he lost his job. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: 语法填空重点：这些短语后接名词、代词或动名词，不能直接接句子；接句子时用 because / since / as。 thanks to：感情色彩偏"感激、归因"，写作中用于"多亏……"。 due to：正式用法中可作表语（The failure was due to...），其余短语多作状语。 （五）其他高频固定搭配 短语 核心含义 典型例句 in case 以防；万一（后接从句） Take an umbrella in case it rains. in case of 如果发生……（后接名词） In case of fire, call 119. in turn 依次；反过来 They spoke in turn. ／ Hard work in turn brings success. in return (for) 作为回报 He gave me a gift in return for my help. on behalf of 代表 On behalf of my class, I welcome you. in terms of 就……而言；在……方面 In terms of price, it's reasonable. in favor of 赞成；支持 Most people are in favor of the plan. in honor of 为了纪念 The party was held in honor of the winners. in memory of 为了纪念 The museum was built in memory of the poet. as long as 只要 You can succeed as long as you work hard. as far as 就……而言；远至 As far as I know, he is honest. as soon as 一……就…… I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: in case 后接句子，in case of 后接名词；in case 引导目的状语从句是语法填空高频考点。 in turn 双义：依次（= in order）／反过来（= in return）；in return 表示"作为回报"。 on behalf of 后接"人/集体"，写作中表达"代表……"。 as far as I know / as far as I'm concerned 是写作模板句；as long as 引导条件状语从句。 三、、近义异形动词短语辨析（4 组） （一）表示"想出、提出" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 come up with 想出（主意、办法） He came up with a solution. put forward 提出（建议、理论） She put forward a good suggestion. figure out 弄明白；算出 I can't figure out why he left. work out 计算出；制定出 We worked out a plan. think of 想到；想起 Can you think of a better way? 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 主语方向：人 + come up with / put forward；物（主意）作主语时用 come up。 figure out 侧重"费劲弄明白、算出"；work out 侧重"计算、设计出"。 put forward 较正式，多用于会议、报告中。 （二）表示"参加" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 join 加入（组织、团体、人群） He joined the army at 18. join in 参加（正在进行的活动） Come and join in the game. take part in 参加（有组织的大型活动） She took part in the speech contest. attend 出席（会议、讲座、仪式） He attended the meeting yesterday. participate in 参加（正式用语） Many students participated in the activity. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： join 后接组织或人：join the Party / the army / the club；join sb.（加入某人行列）。 take part in 强调"参与其中发挥作用"；attend 强调"到场出席"（attend a lecture / a wedding）。 join in 指参加他人正在进行的活动：join in the discussion。 （三）表示"导致、引起" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 result in 导致（结果是……） Carelessness resulted in the accident. result from 由……引起 The accident resulted from carelessness. lead to 导致；通向 Hard work leads to success. contribute to 有助于；促成；导致 Exercise contributes to good health. bring about 引起；导致 The reform brought about great changes. give rise to 引起；导致（书面） The news gave rise to much discussion. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 方向辨析：result in（因→果，"导致"，结果在后）；result from（果→因，"起因于"，原因在后）。The failure resulted from his carelessness; his carelessness resulted in the failure. contribute to：to 是介词，后接名词、动名词，可译"有助于/促成"。 lead to 后接名词；give rise to 更正式，写作可用。 （四）表示"处理、解决" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 deal with 处理；对付；涉及 How do you deal with the problem? cope with 应对（困难、压力） She can cope with the pressure. do with 处理（与 what 连用） What did you do with the old bike? handle 处理；操作 He handled the situation well. solve 解决（问题、难题） They solved the math problem. settle 解决；定居；安顿 The two sides settled the dispute. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 疑问词搭配不同（高考经典考点）：deal with 与 how 连用（How do you deal with...?）；do with 与 what 连用（What do you do with...?）。 cope with 强调"有能力应对（困难、压力）"，比 deal with 更正式。 solve 用于 problem、puzzle；settle 用于 dispute、argument、matter。 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适短语，用其正确形式填空（每项限用一次）。 break out, carry out, take in, put off, give off, get over, come up with, get through, make up for, look up 1. A big fire _____ in the factory last night, but no one was hurt. 2. The idea sounds good, but we still need to _____ more tests. 3. Don't be _____ by his sweet words; he is not a reliable person. 4. We had to _____ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 5. The flowers _____ a pleasant smell, attracting many bees. 6. He tried hard to _____ the difficulty, and finally succeeded. 7. She _____ several good ideas at the meeting, which were accepted by all. 8. I tried to call him, but I couldn't _____. 9. Nothing can _____ the loss of the precious time. 10. If you don't know the word, you can _____ it in the dictionary. 二、单项选择 11. The plan was turned _____ at the meeting because it was not practical. A. up　 B.down　 C.over　 D.out 12. After the earthquake, many volunteers came to _____ the rescue work. A. carry on　 B.carry out　 C.carry off　 D.carry away 13. We are looking forward to _____ you at the party. A. see　 B.seeing　 C.seen　 D.having seen 14. How did the accident _____? Nobody knows the exact reason. A. come about　 B.come across　 C.come up　 D.come to 15. The new policy will come into _____ next month. A. use　 B.effect　 C.power　 D.force 16. He set _____ to improve his oral English last term. A. about　 B.off　 C.out　 D.up 17. In no way _____ give up our dreams. A. we can　 B.can we　 C.we will　 D.will we 18. The composition is well written _____ a few spelling mistakes. A. except　 B.besides　 C.except for　 D.apart 19. The accident _____ his careless driving, so he should be responsible for it. A. resulted in　 B.resulted from　 C.led to　 D.contributed to 20. What did you _____ the old furniture when you moved? A. deal with　 B.do with　 C.cope with　 D.handle 一、单项选择 1．—Hello, may I speak to Mary? —Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ to the library. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 2．—________ is the population of your hometown? —About 50,000. A．How many B．How much C．What D．Which 3．The government has taken measures to ________ the living conditions of the poor. A．improve B．invent C．increase D．imagine 4．Many new roads ________ in our city since 2018. A．are built B．were built C．have been built D．will be built 5．Our village has ________ built a new hospital and a library. A．just B．never C．yet D．ever 6．—________ you ________ the new library? —Yes, I went there last Friday. A．Have; visited B．Did; visit C．Do; visit D．Will; visit 7．Farmers sell their ________ online to people all over China. A．problems B．products C．programs D．projects 8．________ time goes by, we realize how important it is to protect our earth. A．With B．As C．For D．On 9．The ancient ________ left plenty of cultural treasures along the Silk Road. A．dynasties B．planets C．galaxies D．ceremonies 10．He succeeded ________ a new kind of high‑tech product after years of hard work. A．develop B．to develop C．in developing D．developing 11．People’s living conditions have improved ________ in recent years. A．greatly B．quietly C．slowly D．luckily 12．The young learner practices pronunciation ________ to get perfect oral skills. A．efficiently B．widely C．completely D．gradually 13．Kate’s life has changed________ after she received the teacher’s help. A．greatly B．quietly C．nearly D．lastly 14．—Oh, this bridge is too________ for two cars to pass at the same time. —Yeah. Let’s pass it separately. A．narrow B．deep C．high D．rough 15．This learning plan ________ students who are weak in spoken English. A．suits B．admires C．spreads D．operates 16．People of all ages ________ the great thinkers in ancient history. A．look down on B．look up to C．mix up D．divide into 17．You can ________ your vocabulary by reading one short passage every day. A．build up B．boost up C．widen up D．tie up 18．Too much waste can ________ serious pollution problems to our environment. A．bring about B．pick up C．depend on D．get over 19．The old cinema ________ last year. It is a library now. A．is closing B．has closed C．closed D．closes 20．Students can ________ free after-class resources to improve their English. A．drop out of B．take advantage of C．wear out D．run out of 21．With the ________ of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. A．result B．support C．advice D．description 22．My grandma ________ live in a small old house, but now she lives in a bright flat. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．gets used to 23．The new policy has ________ great changes in people’s daily lives. A．brought out B．brought about C．brought up D．brought in 24．It ________ the workers over two years to build the bridge, and during that time they ________ most of their daytime working on it. A．took; took B．spent; spent C．took; spent D．spent; took 25．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 26．—________ you ________ your lunch? —Yes, I ________ it at school. A．Did; have; had B．Have; had; had C．Did; have; have had D．Have; had; have had 27．A big ________ carries fresh fruit and vegetables from the village to the city market early every morning. A．lorry B．tunnel C．track D．bush 28．________ a lack of water, some plants can’t grow well in dry areas. A．Thanks to B．Because of C．Instead of D．According to 29．—Jerry works so hard that he feels tired these days. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．complete 30．—How can we ________ the wide street safely? —We must wait for the green light and walk quickly. A．cross over B．come over C．go over D．think over 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 31．He ________ (lead) a very quiet life in the past. 32．We have improved the technology ________ (great) in recent years. 33．We are building a ________ (social) new countryside. 34．With China’s development, the food ________ (short) has gone. 35．Many ________ (sand) lands have turned into green fields in China. 36．She works as a ________ (manage) in a big city after graduation. 37．Our family ________ (move) to the new community near the highway because my father’s office is closer there. 38．Over the years, the small town ________ (change) a lot. 39．Many new buildings ________ (build) in our town since 2020. 40．My grandfather ____________ (die) for 10 years. 41．It is said that the number of cars ________ (rise) quickly in the last decade. 42．With the help of science, our lives ________ (improve) greatly. 43．More and more trees ________ (plant) to protect the environment every year. 44．China has built many new ________ (port) to make shipping easier. 45．After the discussion, we reached the ________ (conclude) that the plan worked. 46．The river ________ (pollute) by the waste water from factories. 47．He is used to ________ (live) in the big modern city now. 48．Great ________ (progress) has been made in rural education. 49．The new policy ________ (bring) about many changes since 2020. 50．So far, Amy ________ (raise) more than 1,500 coins. 训练 一、单词拼写 1．What’s your a__________ to the news that a shrimp cost 38 RMB in Qingdao? 2．The police are trying to find out the i__________ of the men killed in the accident. 3．Despite  heavy  traffic, the  journalists  arrived  at  Lukou  Airport  thirty  minutes  ahead  of   s______. 4．Knowledge can be of a great b__________ to everybody. 5．Her dream is to become a d_____ one day, designing bridges and tall buildings. 6．The strange woman made a deep i____________ on me. 7．How can you r__________ my sister so quickly in the crowd? 8．That water pipe b________ and the house was under two feet of water. 9．The e-books, which are i__________ for high school students, are well received. 10．The black mountains c________sharply with the white snow. 11．I like the job so much that I didn’t h________about taking it. 12．He p__________________ a few things into a bag before going out for camping. 13．Kids d____________ on their parents for foodand clothing when they are young. 14．I got this book by c____________ at a second-hand bookshop. 15．Some advertisements c__________ of pictures or words of experts to show people how good the products are. 16．People need the Internet for some purpose, from finding information and advice on all sorts of topics to c_________ with others who have similar interest. 17．Many scientists c__________ greatly to the development of society in the past. 18．The rich man went abroad with the hope of getting new chances, while the poor man was i_________ to learn some skills of earning money. 19．He i__________ all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. 20．Her d__________ look showed us she has made a decision and never changed. 21．It’s not a_____________ to wear jeans for such a formal occasion. 22．Recent science has shown that, women who drink more than two cups of coffee are more l_____ to have heart disease than those who don't. 23．His writing is so c______ that it is difficult to make out what he wants to express. 24．She liked to dance but felt e___________ if someone was watching her. 25．As a little girl, I’m not brave and am f________ of walking home alone in the dark. 26．We were s_____ when we heard of the news that the beautiful girl would marry that bad boy. 27．It’s f__________ to think what could happen if terrorists did blow up the government buildings. 28．After staying in hospital for two weeks, he r__________ from his illness. 29．You have to b__________ the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages. 30．It’s a great film and it f_______ a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year. 二、单项选择 31．McCartney is far more attractive in the ________ than she ever looks in pictures. A．figure B．appearance C．shape D．flesh 32．His father predicted that he would be a(n) ________ to himself and all his family. ________ all this, he finally became one of the most famous geologists ________ . A．honour, Except; all the time B．disgrace; Besides; of all time C．disgrace; Despite; of all time D．honour; Except for; in time 33．Healthy _________ is essential for plants to grow well in the garden. A．soil B．ground C．earth D．land 34．______ steeled herself, and her unwavering ______ — to spend the next year entirely screen-free — quietly began to reshape her days, turning fragmented attention into focused presence and digital noise into meaningful silence. A．Resolve, mindset B．Resolution, spirits C．Resolve, resolution D．Determination, urge 35．This newly developed diagnostic method is applied to _________ patients from the cost and excessive radiation from CT scans. A．separate B．spare C．withdraw D．distract 36．The amazing experience of skiing in the Alps made her ______ her own inner strength and passion for sports, which deeply ______her to keep going forward. A．identify; inspired B．display; inspires C．adapt; inspires D．monitor; inspired 37．Last year, Paul Miller ______ online when The Verge published his article ______ a unique personal experiment: going one full year with absolutely no internet. A．made something, explaining B．made names, detailing C．made waves, elaborating D．made an issue, listing 38．In the next-generation immersive theater, your virtual assistant won’t just follow orders — it will ______ your preferences and moods, learning until it can intuitively ______ the curation of your entire sensory experience. A．echo, optimize B．echo, take over C．resonate with, hand over D．resonate with, control 39．The exploration team ______ deep into the ruins, only to be completely lost due to a compass malfunction. As supplies ran out and they were on the verge of ______, the distress signal sent with their last bit of battery power finally brought a ______ helicopter. A．marched, disasters, saving B．ventured, collapse, guarding C．trudged, starvation, medevac D．pushed, malnutrition, rescue 40．To capture the elusive aurora, the team had to first ______ their limited resources wisely in order to ______ their observation stations at the most strategically viable points on the ice sheet. A．stretch, locate B．exploit, nestle C．command, position D．pull, spot 41．As the last drop of water evaporated from his canteen, a (n) ______ silence began to ______ him across the endless dunes — a silence more terrifying than any sandstorm. A．isolated, drive B．distressing, bully C．desperate, accompany D．loathing, spur 42．Despite facing personal challenges, she ________ all her energy into completing the project ahead of schedule, earning praise from her colleagues. A．devoted B．distributed C．channeled D．transferred 43．Chronic stress, if left unmanaged, tends to be _________ by cognitive decline such as reduced working memory and decision-making capacity. A．accompanied B．caused C．staged D．struck 44．During the trial, the suspect _________ his innocence, claiming he _________ his family at the time the crime was committed. A．maintained; was in the company of B．insisted; kept company with C．maintained; kept company with D．insisted; was in the company of 45．A truly smart home prioritizes both ________ and ________ automation — the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort. A．secure, domestic B．stable, secret C．security, discreet D．stability, prudent 46．This smart fridge features a (n) ________ power monitor that displays energy usage in ________ terms, like “current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day.” A．cutting-edge, equivalent B．integrated, identical C．amazing, digital D．advanced, figurative 47．Prior to his Antarctica expedition, Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement seeking men for a ______ journey, offering little but small wages, ______ cold, months of darkness, ______ danger, and the prospect of a (n) ______ safe return. A．rough, piercing, constant, doubtful B．perilous, bitter, frequent, erratic C．bumpy, frozen, frequent, uncertain D．hazardous, freezing, constant, unreliable 48．The teacher spoke ________ to make himself heard clearly. A．loud enough B．enough loud C．loudly enough D．enough loudly 49．________, working from home offers great flexibility and saves travel time, but issues like maintaining work-life balance and avoiding burnout still remain ________. A．Theoretically; solving B．Thankfully; solved C．Undoubtedly; addressed D．Admittedly; to be addressed 50．Touch each object you want to touch ______ tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. A．even if B．as if C．if D．whether 51．________ Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated, set off by the smallest things, ________ it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle coming ________ flower — phenomena that once brought comfort now seemed to grate ________ her frayed nerves. A．As, when, to, on B．When, if, into, in C．When, whether, to, in D．As, whether, into, on 52．______ is announced in the newspaper, Kuakuaqun are among the 2019 ten new words. A．It B．As C．Which D．What 53．Last year a journalist had been ______by a well-known magazine to write an article ______the president’s palace in a new African republic． A．struck, for B．tracked, about C．delivered, at D．instructed, on 54．Despite early optimism, the startup ________ after failing to secure a second round of funding. A．lost its temper B．threw in the towel C．kept its head D．turned over a new leaf 55．This exhibition is to ________ the traditional images and show that there are no limits to what you are capable of. A．hand down B．turn down C．break down D．die down 56．The research team will _________ during the expedition (探险), as they must continue collecting data despite the approaching storm. A．rain cats and dogs B．brave the elements C．burn the midnight oil D．beat around the bush 57．— Lucy, would you like to read the passage aloud for the class? — Sorry, Mr. Li. I ______ and can’t speak clearly right now because of a bad cold. A．kill two birds with one stone B．have butterflies in my stomach C．throw the baby out with the bathwater D．have a frog in my throat 58．My grandfather still ________ teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled. A．is at the mercy of B．takes notice of C．is subjected to D．gets his kicks out of 59．— How did you feel when watching the final match of the World Cup? — I was the _________ whole time! The score was tied until the last minute. A．on the edge of my seat B．ticking all the right boxes C．in my own right D．letting off steam 60．The villagers possess a great respect for their land and build their houses ________ nature as much as possible. A．in pursuit of B．in response to C．in harmony with D．in favor of 61．This moment is an opportunity to build a sharper UNESCO, a UNESCO with better service, ______ its ambitions and in line with the needs of the 21st century. A．in tune with B．in favor of C．at ease with D．at expense of 62．As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been________a private collector and somehow managed to escape. A．in possession of B．in case of C．in the possession of D．in view of 63．I think it is Daniel, you, that to blame. A．more than, are B．rather than, is C．other than, is D．rather than, are 64．Children are taught to respect everyone, ______ race, gender or age. A．in terms of B．as for C．regardless of D．in place of 65．The teacher’s patience was ____ after the little boy’s constant noise. A．at the end B．in an end C．in the end D．at an end 66．The famous chef is __________ the temperature of oil and the freshness of ingredients whenever he prepares dishes for important events. A．eager for B．keen on C．particular about D．opposed to 67．When her two best friends had a quarrel, she found herself ________ their completely different opinions. A．scared of B．sandwiched between C．rooted in D．previous to 68．In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being ________ nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfillment. A．comprised of B．reluctant to C．at ease with D．with ease 69．The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and ________ the depressive court life. A．crucial to B．aware of C．in favour of D．critical of 70．If I can do something to make others _________ the problem, then that’s part of the solution. A．aware of B．curious about C．afraid of D．tired of 71．China is developing digital currency, which __________ have an enormous impact on people’s lives. A．is susceptible to B．is relevant to C．is bound to D．is prior to 72．I didn’t like the soap opera at first, but when I started watching one, I immediately became ________ it. A．married to B．addicted to C．opposed to D．resistant to 73．What other free-time activity allows you to be ________ nature and create more beautiful living things? A．close to B．at one with C．in touch with D．connected to 74．She hadn’t yet become ________ the fact that he was a big star. A．accustomed to B．tolerant of C．consistent with D．concerned about 75．China is developing digital currency, which ________ have an enormous impact on people’s lives. A．is unlikely to B．is bound to C．is subject to D．is prior to 76．He was so nervous before the speech that he ________ and could hardly say a word. A．threw the baby out with the bathwater B．had a frog in his throat C．jumped in with both feet D．had butterflies in his stomach 77．Cathy ________ when she was about to deliver a speech in front of the school. A．rained cats and dogs B．had butterflies in her stomach C．pulled her leg D．killed two birds with one stone 78．The great works of art really do reach out to us across the centuries, ________ time itself were nothing. A．even if B．as though C．because D．as soon as 79．In winter, snakes go into a deep sleep in the earth and they look ________ dead. A．as good as B．as well as C．so good as D．so well as 一、阅读理解 A When it comes to food waste, the statistics are shocking. Globally, one-third of all food produced is lost or wasted each year — 1.3 billion tons of perfectly edible food. In restaurants alone, a significant portion comes from ingredients routinely thrown away: vegetable peels, fish bones, and old bread. But a quiet change is now turning these “leftovers” into cooking treasures. At the center of this movement is “root-to-stem” cooking. Chefs in pioneering European restaurants have begun rethinking every part of an ingredient. Carrot peels become crispy decorations, fish bones are made into rich soups, and leftover bread is turned into tasty flavorings. The practice is not merely creative — it cuts kitchen waste significantly while lowering food costs. A 2024 study in the Journal of Culinary Science tracked 50 high-end restaurants across five countries. Over six months, kitchens adopting root-to-stem methods cut down food waste by 38% on average. More notably, 72% of surveyed customers expressed greater satisfaction, appreciating both the new dishes and the restaurants’ environmental efforts. Yet barriers exist. The study identified staff training as the single biggest obstacle, since making use of unconditional ingredients demands skills beyond traditional cooking. Some chefs also cited inconsistent supply of certain parts and longer preparation time. Nevertheless, customer demand for sustainable dining keeps rising, and industry experts predict waste-reduction practices will become standard. As one head chef put it, “We are not just cooking with leftovers. We are redefining what we consider valuable.” The idea is spreading from Copenhagen to Tokyo, signaling a fundamental change in perspective — one that may ultimately reshape how the world views food itself. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert’s opinion. B．By describing a cooking method. C．By comparing different food cultures. D．By presenting shocking global statistics. 2．What does the 2024 study in Paragraph 3 mainly show? A．Staff training is the biggest barrier. B．Customers prefer traditional dishes. C．Root-to-stem cooking reduces waste well. D．European restaurants are facing high costs. 3．What does the underlined word “cited” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Quit. B．Mentioned. C．Lost. D．Mixed. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The High Cost of Fine Dining B．The History of Root-to-Stem Cooking C．A Quiet Revolution: Cooking with “Leftovers” D．A Creative Movement: Rethinking “Food Waste” B Protein-rich products from cereal to coffee are all over supermarket shelves, but mounting evidence in nonhuman animals suggests that cutting back on our intake could slow ageing and extend lifespan. According to the latest review of the evidence, “increasing protein in diets, beyond what’s needed, for sedentary (久坐的) individuals or animals leads to metabolic (新陈代谢的) issues and can lead to shorter lifespan”, says Dudley Lamming at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Lamming and his colleague Bailey Knopf reviewed more than 300 studies, mostly in sedentary mice and rats, which explored how restricting protein intake to the minimum needed for health affects ageing and lifespan. In these studies, the rodents (啮齿动物) generally either ate the US recommended minimum amount — 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight, or roughly twice that. In one notable study, rats that ate around the minimum protein intake lived for nearly 120 days, more than 50 percent longer than those that ate about double that. Lamming suggests this may be because protein restriction increases levels of the hormone FGF21. In rodents, this hormone acts on the brain, fat tissue and the liver to improve blood sugar levels and reduce the number of aging cells. These cells, which accumulate with age, have stopped dividing and cause long-term damage. Restricting protein intake has also been shown to suppress the activity of a protein called mTORC1 in mice. While mTORC1 ordinarily stimulates cell growth, reducing its activity boosts cellular repair. All this suggests that the recent trend to increase our protein intake is probably fine among people who exercise regularly, because they may need more protein to repair muscle damage, but eating more than is needed could be harmful. Beyond building muscle and preventing illness, there is mixed evidence on whether a higher protein intake helps with ageing. Donald Layman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign points out that protein metabolism in humans might be a different story. Protein restriction, therefore, may affect mTORC1 pathways differently between the different species, he says. 5．What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A．High-protein diets are generally beneficial for most people. B．The US recommended minimum of protein needs to be doubled. C．Excess protein intake may be harmful to those physically inactive. D．Mounting human studies have been conducted about protein intake. 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Risk analysis. B．Research findings. C．Theoretical basis. D．Supporting techniques. 7．What is Donald Layman’s attitude towards the latest review? A．Approving. B．Cautious. C．Unconcerned. D．Opposed. 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Protein Intake: A Threat to Ageing B．Protein Intake: Vital in Physical Health C．Protein Restriction: A Sure Way to Longevity D．Protein Restriction: Promising in Long Lifespan C A powerful AI has recently made headlines after its existence was unintentionally revealed to have the ability to hack computers without punishment. Created by Anthropic, an AI giant, Mythos can identify cybersecurity (网络安全) flaws in seconds, leaving operating systems and software vulnerable to hackers (黑客). Anthropic claims that, if asked, Mythos can discover vulnerabilities in any software. However, under a program called Project Glasswing, Anthropic has decided to make it available to a selected group of tech and finance giants — including Amazon, Apple, Google, and Microsoft — so that they can detect any bugs in their own systems before someone else does. Meanwhile, members of a private online forum have also managed to gain access to the trial. Kevin Curran at Ulster University, UK, notes that the potential capabilities of Mythos have triggered alarm across the security industry, although researchers remain divided on how serious the threat actually is. Nevertheless, it seems that it isn’t time to panic yet. Bobby Holley at Firefox, one of the organizations given access to Mythos, wrote in a blog post that the model helped his team find 271 vulnerabilities in the company’s web browser, yet that none was so remarkably complex that a human analyst couldn’t have found. The UK’s AI Security Institute (AISI) has also investigated Mythos. In tests, it was found to be capable of attacking only small, weakly defended and vulnerable enterprise systems. No evidence was found that genuinely secure software or networks would be at risk. Still, the institute cautioned that such models are improving fast. Alan Woodward at the University of Surrey, UK, has a practical view — Mythos is not necessarily capable of finding vulnerabilities that a human wouldn’t, but it’s just so much faster, thorough and relentless. Hence, it’s finding vulnerabilities that humans have missed. In essence, “AI is making — and will continue to make — both hacking and defending from hackers easier”, he explains, “but those who ignore the technology will find themselves at a big disadvantage.” 9．What do we know about Mythos? A．It went public accidentally. B．It is available to netizens globally. C．It has brought more profits than expected. D．It has made headlines for its vulnerabilities. 10．What does Project Glasswing aim to do? A．Promote Mythos. B．Ease the panic over Mythos. C．Test Mythos’ capability. D．Help identify software bugs. 11．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Mythos is no match for human experts. B．Mythos is no better than previous models. C．Panic over Mythos might be overestimated. D．Improvements of Mythos is needed for security. 12．Which of the following might Alan Woodward agree with? A．Mythos will replace human experts. B．Mythos is more reliable than human experts. C．Mythos’ high-efficiency makes it a valuable tool. D．Mythos puts humans at an independent disadvantage. D At 23, fresh out of college, I felt terribly insecure in any group discussion. My opinions were frequently dismissed, so I resolved to rebuild myself. I picked up a copy of the New York Times every morning, hoping to absorb enough insight to sound intelligent. The first week was overwhelming — long articles on economic policy, climate change, and international affairs left me dizzy. I nearly gave up, but a persistent inner voice challenged me: if I couldn’t even digest the daily news, how could I survive the real world? Determined, I persisted, and slowly the fog lifted. I started recording short video clips to summarize my daily reading, treating them as personal learning diaries. Surprisingly, these rough and unedited videos gained unexpected popularity. Viewers wrote that my honest confusion and raw reactions made the heavy news more approachable. That moment was transformative — I realized that sharing my learning process, rather than faking expertise, created genuine connections with strangers who felt the same struggle. As my followers increased, I began to think about the deeper meaning behind this appeal. In an age dominated by polished social media stars, my imperfect presentations stood out because they were real. People long for authenticity, not performance. By openly admitting what I didn’t understand, I built a small community where questions were celebrated and curiosity awakened. This insight reshaped my understanding of confidence: it is not about knowing all the answers, but about having the bravery to explore uncertainties aloud with others. Now, reading the Times is more than a daily habit — it is my intellectual foundation. It has sharpened my critical thinking, enriched my vocabulary, and broadened my worldview. Meanwhile, it has given me a unique voice in conversations. I no longer avoid challenging topics; instead, I engage with modesty and clarity. The newspaper, once a source of anxiety, has become a faithful companion on my journey of growth. Ultimately, I’ve learned that every person, regardless of age, holds valuable perspectives worth sharing — if only they dare to speak up. 13．Why did the author turn to the New York Times? A．To pull herself together. B．To be a writer. C．To survive the real world. D．To record short videos. 14．What made the author’s videos popular? A．Genuine sincerity. B．Personal values. C．Perfect presentation. D．Editing expertise. 15．Which of the following might the author do next? A．Avoid challenging topics. B．Appreciate others’ perspectives. C．Abandon the habit of reading. D．Advocate recording short videos. 16．Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Accomplished and proud. B．Caring and persistent. C．Ambitious and optimistic. D．Modest and reflective. 二、完形填空 The sun was going down on a summer evening. At a crossing, cars were lined up waiting for the green light. A young man in a white shirt stood on the sidewalk. An old street cleaner was trying to 17 a heavy rubbish cart across the street. Bags filled it. The old man’s face was red with 18 . He moved slowly, one step at a time. The light was about to 19 green. The young man ran, 20 across the road, shirt pulled back in the wind. His 21 hit the ground hard. He got to the cart and 22 his hands on the back of it. He pushed and pushed. The old man, 23 , looked back. The cart moved faster with two of them. They made it across before the cars started moving. When they finally got to the other side, the old man thanked the young man 24 . His eyes were wet. The young man smiled and 25 , without saying a word. The old man stayed where he was. He put his cap back on straight, took a deep 26 , and then caught hold of the cart again, shoulders a little 27 . The young man was already gone, mixed in with the crowd. Nobody else had noticed it. The old man went on down the road. The crossing was filled with cars again. Maybe that was the 28 — the kindness, unseen by anyone else, continued to 29 — quiet, real, done. A small act of kindness can make a big 30 . Even the simplest action can brighten someone’s whole 31 . 17．A．push B．pull C．carry D．lift 18．A．effort B．anger C．relief D．pride 19．A．change B．appear C．remain D．turn 20．A．climbing B．dashing C．driving D．riding 21．A．sights B．focuses C．steps D．attentions 22．A．waved B．raised C．folded D．placed 23．A．surprised B．interested C．excited D．tired 24．A．directly B．ultimately C．sincerely D．frankly 25．A．shut down B．walked away C．gave up D．paid off 26．A．breath B．look C．chance D．break 27．A．lower B．weaker C．straighter D．stronger 28．A．solution B．point C．reason D．result 29．A．arise B．begin C．survive D．exist 30．A．difference B．promise C．decision D．breakthrough 31．A．mood B．inspiration C．world D．creativity 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During her cultural tour across China last summer, Italian video blogger Elisa traveled all the way to rural Fujian to explore the legendary Tulou, 32 precious UNESCO World Heritage site with a long history. She was greatly amazed at these unique earthen buildings, one of the most popular tourist 33 (attract) in southern China, and deeply impressed 34 their simple but valuable architectural designs, which 35 (admire) by professional architects across the world. 36 (build) hundreds of years ago by local Hakka people, these ancient structures bear simple but profound folk culture and warm community values. During her in-depth field visit, Elisa found these 37 (history) buildings protected and well-preserved by local villagers. Inside each Tulou are spacious yards and neat rooms, 38 serve local families as warm and safe living quarters. The orderly community life here fully showed the great wisdom of ancient Hakka people. To gain a genuine and thorough understanding of local traditions, Elisa 39 (decide) to stay in the quiet mountain village for several days. She 40 (active) communicated with local villagers and experienced their authentic daily life. Deeply touched by the unique local charm, she recorded a host of impressive videos during her stay, 41 (hope) to let Tulou culture spread widely among global cultural lovers. 四、应用文写作 42．假定你是李华，你校课后服务课程正在征集增设新项目。请你给学校外籍课程负责人Mr. Smith写一封邮件，建议增设趣味体育课，内容包括： 1．你提议的项目； 2．阐述开设理由。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 核心词汇与短语辨析 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 词汇辨析 考点二 短语辨析 练|巩固提升训练 考点一 核心词汇辨析 一、动词辨析（最高频，必考点） 1. affect / effect / influence 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 affect vt. 影响；使感动；（疾病）侵袭 affect sb./sth. effect n. 影响，效果；（vt. 实现，极少考） have an effect on influence vt./n. 影响（潜移默化、长期） influence sb.; have influence on sb. 2. adapt / adopt 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 adapt v. 适应；改编 adapt to sth. 适应；adapt sth. from 根据……改编 adopt v. 采纳；收养 adopt a plan 采纳计划；adopt a child 收养孩子 3. convince / persuade 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 convince vt. 使确信，使相信（侧重让人相信事实） convince sb. of sth. / convince sb. that… persuade vt. 说服（成功劝说某人做某事） persuade sb. to do / into doing 4. hesitate / wonder 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 wonder v. 想知道；感到惊讶 wonder if/whether… 5. forbid / ban / prohibit 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 forbid vt. 禁止（普通场合，个人/长辈禁止） forbid sb. to do ban vt. 明令禁止（法律、官方） ban doing sth. prohibit vt. 正式法律禁止 prohibit sb. from doing 6. acquire / gain / obtain / earn 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 acquire v. 习得（知识、技能）；获得（慢慢得到） acquire knowledge gain v. 收获；赢得（经验、力量、优势） gain experience obtain v.（正式）通过努力获得某物 obtain information earn v. 赚（钱）；赢得（名声） earn money / earn respect 二、名词辨析 1. award / reward / prize 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 award n./v. 奖项；授予（官方颁发） award sb. sth. reward n./v. 回报；报酬，奖赏（付出之后的回报） reward sb. for sth. prize n. 竞赛、比赛奖品 win a prize 2. strength / power / force / energy 单词 词性与词义 strength n. 体力；力量；优点，长处 power n. 权力；电力；能力 force n. 暴力；武力；外力 energy n. 精力；能量 3. profit / benefit / advantage 单词 词性与词义 profit n. 利润（商业） benefit n. 益处，好处；福利（对身心、生活） advantage n. 优势，有利条件 三、形容词、副词辨析 1. considerable / considerate 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 considerable adj. 相当多的，大量的 considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的 be considerate to sb.. 2. economic / economical 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 economic adj. 经济方面的；经济学的 economic growth 经济增长 economical adj. 节俭的，节约的 economical use of resources 3. continuous / continual 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 continuous adj. 不间断的，连续不断（无中断） continuous rain 连绵大雨 continual adj. 频繁的，反复发生（有间断） continual interruptions 4. worth / worthy / worthwhile 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 worth adj. 值得（后接名词/doing，主动表被动） be worth doing worthy adj. 值得（后接of或不定式被动） be worthy of sth. / be worthy to be done worthwhile adj. 值得花时间精力的（可作定语/表语） It is worthwhile to do/doing 5. distant / far / remote 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的（距离/关系） distant relative 远亲 far adj./adv. 远（多用于疑问、否定） remote adj. 偏远的；遥控的 remote village 6. specially / especially / particularly 单词 词性与词义 specially adv. 专门地，特意（为某个特定目的） especially adv. 尤其，特别（强调程度） particularly adv. 尤其，详细地（同especially，更正式） 四、介词&连词辨析 1. despite / though / although 单词 词性与词义 核心搭配 despite prep. 尽管（后接名词/doing） despite the difficulty though / although conj. 连词，后接句子，不能和but连用 2. besides / except / except for / apart from 单词 词性与词义 besides prep. 除……之外（还有，包含在内） except prep. 除……之外（不包含，同类排除） except for prep. 除了（整体很好，局部瑕疵，不同类） apart from prep. 相当于besides/except（看语境） 3. because / since / as / for 单词 词性与词义 because conj. 因为（最强，回答why） since conj. 既然（显而易见原因） as conj. 由于（较弱原因） for conj. 因为（并列连词，不能放句首） 五、熟词生义（词汇辨析必考隐藏考点） 单词 熟义 高频考义/生义 搭配示例 address n. 地址 vt. 解决；向……发言 address the problem 解决问题 course n. 课程 n. 过程；一道菜；航线 cover v. 覆盖 v. 行走；报道；足以支付；包含 deliver v. 递送 v. 发表（演讲）；接生 deliver a speech employ v. 雇佣 v. 使用 employ a method 使用方法 fine adj. 好的 v. 罚款 sound v. 听起来 adj. 健全的，可靠的 sound advice 可靠建议 stage n. 舞台 n. 阶段 考点二 核心短语辨析 一、核心动词短语（10 个高频动词） （一）break 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 break down （机器）出故障；（身体、精神）垮掉；分解 The car broke down on the way. ／ She broke down when she heard the news. break up 分手；解散；（使）粉碎；放假 The couple broke up last year. ／ Police broke up the crowd. break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）突然爆发 A big fire broke out during the night. break in 闯入；插话 Thieves broke in while we were asleep. break into 强行闯入；突然开始（+tears / laughter） The house was broken into last night. ／ She broke into tears. break off 中断；折断 He broke off in the middle of the sentence. break through 突破；取得突破性进展 Scientists hope to break through in cancer research. break away from 脱离；挣脱；摆脱 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 辨析（考点聚焦）： break down：指"机器出故障、身体/精神垮掉"，注意名词化表达 have a breakdown。 break out：主语常是战争、火灾、疾病等灾害性名词，且不用于被动语态。 break in / break into：break in 不带宾语（闯入），break into 后接宾语；被动语态 be broken into 是语法填空高频考点。 break off：侧重"（谈话、关系等）突然中断"；break through 常与"障碍、难关"搭配。 （二）turn 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 turn on / turn off 打开 / 关闭（电器、水、煤气） Please turn on the lights. ／ Don't forget to turn off the tap. turn up 调高；出现、露面；找到 He promised to come, but he hasn't turned up yet. turn down 调低；拒绝 She turned down his invitation. turn out 结果是；生产；出席、到场；关掉 The party turned out to be a great success. turn to 求助于；转向；翻到 When in trouble, turn to your teachers for help. turn over 翻转；移交；翻页 The car turned over in the accident. turn into 变成；把……变成 The small village has turned into a modern town. turn against 转而反对；背叛 He turned against his former friends. turn away 把……拒之门外；转身离开 They turned away dozens of fans at the gate. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： turn up / turn down：既指音量、亮度等"调高/调低"，又引申为"出现 / 拒绝"，完形填空高频组合。 turn out：三种常考用法——turn out (to be) + n./adj.（结果是）；It turned out that...；turn out 表示"出席、到场"（= appear）。 turn to：后接人/物，turn to sb. for help（向某人求助）；turn to page 10（翻到第 10 页）。 turn over：turn over a new leaf（翻开新的一页、改过自新），写作可用。 （三）give 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 give up 放弃；让出；投降 Never give up hope. give in 屈服、让步；上交 He wouldn't give in to the enemy. give away 赠送；泄露（秘密）；颁发 The hero gave away the military secret. give off 散发（气味、光、热） The flowers give off a sweet smell. give out 分发；发出；用完、耗尽 The teacher gave out the test papers. ／ His strength gave out. give back 归还；送回 Please give back the book to me. give way to 让步于；让位于；被……取代 Old houses gave way to tall buildings. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： give off / give out：最易混组合。give off 强调"向外散发"（气味、光、热）；give out 强调"分发出去"或"用完、耗尽"。 give in：不及物搭配 give in to sb./sth.（向……屈服）； give up 后可接 doing（放弃做某事）。 give away：常考"泄露秘密"义； give way to 是书面高频搭配，写作升级可用。 （四）look 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 look after 照顾；照料 Who will look after the baby? look for 寻找 I'm looking for my keys. look up 查阅；抬头看；好转 Look up the new words in the dictionary. look up to 尊敬；钦佩 The students look up to their teacher. look down on 看不起；轻视 Don't look down on anyone. look into 调查；研究 The police are looking into the case. look through 浏览；翻阅；看穿 Look through your notes before the exam. look out 当心；留神 Look out! There's a car coming! look forward to 期待（+doing） I'm looking forward to hearing from you. look over 检查；查看 The doctor looked over the patient carefully. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： look up to / look down on：一对反义搭配（尊敬 / 轻视），完形常成对出现。 look forward to：to 是介词，后接 doing，是语法填空与短文改错的高频陷阱。 look into（调查）= investigate； look through（浏览）= skim，可用于写作替换。 look out：独立成句表示"当心！"；look out for 表示"留心、留意"。 （五）take 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 take off 起飞；脱下；迅速走红；请假 The plane took off on time. ／ Her singing career took off. take on 呈现（面貌）；承担；雇用 The city takes on a new look. take up 占据（空间、时间）；开始从事 This desk takes up too much room. ／ He took up painting. take over 接管；接替 She will take over the company. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 Don't be taken in by advertisements. take after （长相、性格）像（长辈） The little girl takes after her mother. take away 拿走；带走 Please take away the rubbish. take down 记下；拆除 Take down the main points of the talk. take back 收回（话语）；退回（商品） I take back what I said. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: take off：高考"一词多义"考查冠军——飞机起飞、事业腾飞、脱衣服、请假，需依据语境判断。 take in：三义常考——吸收（知识、水分）、欺骗（be taken in by）、理解（take in the news）。 take on：与"面貌"搭配 take on a new look（呈现新面貌）； take after 只能用于"像长辈"，不能用于"像朋友"。 take up：与时间、空间搭配； take over 与职务、公司搭配。 （六）put 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 put off 推迟；使……反感 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. put on 穿上；增加（体重）；上演；打开（灯） He put on weight during the holiday. put out 扑灭；出版；伸出 The firemen put out the fire quickly. put up 张贴；搭建；举起；留宿 They put up a tent by the river. ／ put up a notice put up with 忍受；容忍 I can't put up with the noise. put away 收起来；储存 Put away your toys before dinner. put forward 提出（计划、建议） He put forward a new plan at the meeting. put down 记下；放下；镇压 Put down your name here. put aside 储蓄；搁置 She puts aside some money every month. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: put off：后接 doing（put off making a decision），"推迟"义是最高频考点。 put on：多义——穿、增重（put on weight）、上演（put on a play）、打开（put on the light）。 put up with（忍受）与 put up（搭建、张贴）勿混； put forward（提出）是书面高频，可替换 propose。 put away（收好放回原处）与 put aside（储蓄、搁置到一边）方向不同。 （七）get 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 get along / on (with) 相处；进展 How are you getting along with your classmates? get over 克服；从……恢复 She can't get over her shyness. get through 通过；完成；接通（电话）；度过 I couldn't get through to him. ／ get through the exam get away 离开；逃脱 The thief got away with the money. get away with 做（坏事）而不受惩罚 Don't think you can get away with cheating. get down to 开始认真做（+doing） Let's get down to business. get rid of 摆脱；除掉 How to get rid of the bad habit? get in touch with 与……取得联系 I'll get in touch with you by email. get off 下车；离开 Please get off at the next stop. get up 起床；起身 I get up at six every day. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: get through：四义——通过考试、接通电话（get through to sb.）、完成工作、度过困难时期。 get down to：to 是介词，后接 doing（get down to working），与 look forward to 同属"介词陷阱"家族。 get away with：表示"（做了坏事）逃脱惩罚"，完形与写作双高频。 get over / get through：get over 侧重"克服（困难、情绪）、病愈"；get through 侧重"渡过、完成、打通"。 （八）come 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 come up 被提出；走近；（植物）长出 The question came up at the meeting. come up with 想出；提出（主意、方案） He came up with a clever idea. come across 偶然遇见；被理解 I came across an old photo in the drawer. come about 发生；产生 How did the accident come about? come to 总计；苏醒；谈到 The bill came to 200 yuan. ／ She came to herself. come true （梦想）实现 His dream came true at last. come out 出版；开花；（消息）传出；结果是 The magazine comes out every Friday. come on 加油；快点；来吧 Come on! You can make it! come over 顺便来访；过来 Come over and have dinner with us. come into effect 生效 The new law came into effect on May 1. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: come up / come up with：经典易混点。主语是"主意"用 come up（被提出）；主语是"人"用 come up with（提出）。 come about（发生）= happen，常用 How did it come about? 句型。 come to：后接数字表示"总计"；come to oneself 表示"苏醒、恢复意识"。 come true：只能以"梦想、愿望"作主语，不接宾语（不能说 come true his dream）。 （九）carry 与 work 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 carry out 执行；实施；完成 They carried out the experiment successfully. carry on 继续；坚持 Carry on with your work. carry off 赢得；夺走 She carried off the first prize. carry through 完成；使渡过难关 His courage carried him through. work out 计算出；解决；锻炼；结果是 Can you work out the problem? ／ Things worked out well. work on 从事；致力于 He is working on a new novel. work as 担任；充当 She works as a nurse. work at 努力于；钻研 You should work at your weak points. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: carry out：常与 plan、experiment、research、order、promise 搭配（执行计划、实验、命令、诺言），书面高频。 work out：多义——算出（work out the answer）、制定出（work out a plan）、锻炼、进展顺利（Things worked out well.）。 carry on（继续）后可接 with：carry on with the discussion。 （十）go、set 与 make 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 go on doing 继续做同一件事 He went on talking. go on to do 接着做另一件事 He went on to talk about his plan. go through 经历；仔细检查 They went through many hardships. go over 复习；仔细检查 Let's go over the lesson again. go ahead 继续；说吧；进行 Go ahead, please. go in for 爱好；从事 He goes in for collecting stamps. set off 出发；引爆；触发 They set off for Beijing at dawn. set out 出发；着手（set out to do） He set out to improve his English. set up 建立；创立；竖立 The school was set up in 1990. set about 着手做（+doing） She set about cleaning the house. set aside 留出；储蓄；暂不考虑 Set aside some time for exercise. make up 编造；组成；化妆；和解 Don't make up excuses. ／ Women make up half of the staff. make out 辨认出；理解 I could hardly make out his handwriting. make up for 弥补；补偿 Nothing can make up for the lost time. make use of 利用 We should make full use of our time. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: go on doing / go on to do：高考经典考点——前者"继续做同一件事"，后者"接着做另一件事"。 make up：多义——编造（借口）、组成（be made up of）、化妆、和解（make up with sb.）。 set off / set out / set about：set out to do sth. 与 set about doing sth. 同义"着手做"；set off 侧重"出发、引爆"。 make out：完形中常与 hardly、can't 连用（辨认出）； make up for 与 lost time、loss 搭配。 二、、易混介词与副词短语辨析（5 组） （一）时间类：in time / on time / at times / at a time / at one time / in no time 短语 核心含义 典型例句 in time 及时（in time for sth. / to do） We got to the station in time to catch the train. on time 准时 The train arrived on time. at times 有时；偶尔 At times I feel lonely. at a time 每次；一次 Take the pills two at a time. at one time 曾经；一度 At one time he lived in Paris. in no time 立刻；马上 I'll be back in no time. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： in time / on time：in time 强调"赶得上（时间点）"，on time 强调"按计划准点"，二者是语法填空、完形的最高频组合。 at a time（每次一个）与 at one time（曾经）形近义远，务必区分。 记忆链：in time（及时）— in no time（立刻）— at times（有时）— all the time（一直）。 （二）way 短语 短语 核心含义 典型例句 by the way 顺便说一下 By the way, have you seen Tom? in a way 在某种程度上 In a way, he is right. in the way 挡道；妨碍 Don't stand in the way. in no way 决不 In no way can we give up. on the way 在途中 On the way home, we met an old friend. in this way 用这种方式 In this way, you can save time. all the way 一路上；一直 She came all the way from Shanghai. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 介词不同、意义迥异：in a way（某种程度上）、in the way（挡路）、on the way（途中）、by the way（顺便提一下），完形最爱考这"四兄弟"。 in no way 置于句首时句子部分倒装：In no way should we give up.（写作加分句型） （三）表示"除了"：except / except for / besides / apart from / in addition to / other than 短语 核心含义 典型例句 except 除……之外（不包括） Everyone came except Tom. except for 除了……（不同类事物，用于修正整体评价） The room is empty except for a desk. besides 除……之外（还有） Besides English, she learns French. apart from 除……之外（兼有 except 与 besides 两义） Apart from the price, the dress is nice. in addition to 除……之外（还有，正式） In addition to apples, we need bananas. other than 除……之外；不同于 There's nobody here other than me. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: 核心区分：besides / in addition to 表示"包括在内（还有）"；except 表示"排除在外（不包括）"。I like all fruits except bananas.（不喜欢香蕉）／ Besides bananas, I like apples.（两者都喜欢） except for：用于"整体肯定+局部例外"——The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. apart from：最灵活，兼有 except 与 besides 两义，需结合语境判断。 other than：常与 no、nobody、nothing 连用：I have no choice other than to wait. （四）表示"原因"：because of / due to / owing to / thanks to / on account of / as a result of 短语 核心含义 典型例句 because of 因为（口语常用，作状语） He was late because of the rain. due to 由于（可作表语、状语） The delay was due to the heavy fog. owing to 由于（多作状语，正式） Owing to the bad weather, the match was put off. thanks to 多亏；由于（常含感激色彩） Thanks to your help, we finished on time. on account of 由于（正式） The flight was cancelled on account of the storm. as a result of 由于……的结果 As a result of the accident, he lost his job. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: 语法填空重点：这些短语后接名词、代词或动名词，不能直接接句子；接句子时用 because / since / as。 thanks to：感情色彩偏"感激、归因"，写作中用于"多亏……"。 due to：正式用法中可作表语（The failure was due to...），其余短语多作状语。 （五）其他高频固定搭配 短语 核心含义 典型例句 in case 以防；万一（后接从句） Take an umbrella in case it rains. in case of 如果发生……（后接名词） In case of fire, call 119. in turn 依次；反过来 They spoke in turn. ／ Hard work in turn brings success. in return (for) 作为回报 He gave me a gift in return for my help. on behalf of 代表 On behalf of my class, I welcome you. in terms of 就……而言；在……方面 In terms of price, it's reasonable. in favor of 赞成；支持 Most people are in favor of the plan. in honor of 为了纪念 The party was held in honor of the winners. in memory of 为了纪念 The museum was built in memory of the poet. as long as 只要 You can succeed as long as you work hard. as far as 就……而言；远至 As far as I know, he is honest. as soon as 一……就…… I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）: in case 后接句子，in case of 后接名词；in case 引导目的状语从句是语法填空高频考点。 in turn 双义：依次（= in order）／反过来（= in return）；in return 表示"作为回报"。 on behalf of 后接"人/集体"，写作中表达"代表……"。 as far as I know / as far as I'm concerned 是写作模板句；as long as 引导条件状语从句。 三、、近义异形动词短语辨析（4 组） （一）表示"想出、提出" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 come up with 想出（主意、办法） He came up with a solution. put forward 提出（建议、理论） She put forward a good suggestion. figure out 弄明白；算出 I can't figure out why he left. work out 计算出；制定出 We worked out a plan. think of 想到；想起 Can you think of a better way? 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 主语方向：人 + come up with / put forward；物（主意）作主语时用 come up。 figure out 侧重"费劲弄明白、算出"；work out 侧重"计算、设计出"。 put forward 较正式，多用于会议、报告中。 （二）表示"参加" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 join 加入（组织、团体、人群） He joined the army at 18. join in 参加（正在进行的活动） Come and join in the game. take part in 参加（有组织的大型活动） She took part in the speech contest. attend 出席（会议、讲座、仪式） He attended the meeting yesterday. participate in 参加（正式用语） Many students participated in the activity. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： join 后接组织或人：join the Party / the army / the club；join sb.（加入某人行列）。 take part in 强调"参与其中发挥作用"；attend 强调"到场出席"（attend a lecture / a wedding）。 join in 指参加他人正在进行的活动：join in the discussion。 （三）表示"导致、引起" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 result in 导致（结果是……） Carelessness resulted in the accident. result from 由……引起 The accident resulted from carelessness. lead to 导致；通向 Hard work leads to success. contribute to 有助于；促成；导致 Exercise contributes to good health. bring about 引起；导致 The reform brought about great changes. give rise to 引起；导致（书面） The news gave rise to much discussion. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 方向辨析：result in（因→果，"导致"，结果在后）；result from（果→因，"起因于"，原因在后）。The failure resulted from his carelessness; his carelessness resulted in the failure. contribute to：to 是介词，后接名词、动名词，可译"有助于/促成"。 lead to 后接名词；give rise to 更正式，写作可用。 （四）表示"处理、解决" 短语 核心含义 典型例句 deal with 处理；对付；涉及 How do you deal with the problem? cope with 应对（困难、压力） She can cope with the pressure. do with 处理（与 what 连用） What did you do with the old bike? handle 处理；操作 He handled the situation well. solve 解决（问题、难题） They solved the math problem. settle 解决；定居；安顿 The two sides settled the dispute. 分项辨析（考点聚焦）： 疑问词搭配不同（高考经典考点）：deal with 与 how 连用（How do you deal with...?）；do with 与 what 连用（What do you do with...?）。 cope with 强调"有能力应对（困难、压力）"，比 deal with 更正式。 solve 用于 problem、puzzle；settle 用于 dispute、argument、matter。 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适短语，用其正确形式填空（每项限用一次）。 break out, carry out, take in, put off, give off, get over, come up with, get through, make up for, look up 1. A big fire _____ in the factory last night, but no one was hurt. 2. The idea sounds good, but we still need to _____ more tests. 3. Don't be _____ by his sweet words; he is not a reliable person. 4. We had to _____ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 5. The flowers _____ a pleasant smell, attracting many bees. 6. He tried hard to _____ the difficulty, and finally succeeded. 7. She _____ several good ideas at the meeting, which were accepted by all. 8. I tried to call him, but I couldn't _____. 9. Nothing can _____ the loss of the precious time. 10. If you don't know the word, you can _____ it in the dictionary. 二、单项选择 11. The plan was turned _____ at the meeting because it was not practical. A. up　 B.down　 C.over　 D.out 12. After the earthquake, many volunteers came to _____ the rescue work. A. carry on　 B.carry out　 C.carry off　 D.carry away 13. We are looking forward to _____ you at the party. A. see　 B.seeing　 C.seen　 D.having seen 14. How did the accident _____? Nobody knows the exact reason. A. come about　 B.come across　 C.come up　 D.come to 15. The new policy will come into _____ next month. A. use　 B.effect　 C.power　 D.force 16. He set _____ to improve his oral English last term. A. about　 B.off　 C.out　 D.up 17. In no way _____ give up our dreams. A. we can　 B.can we　 C.we will　 D.will we 18. The composition is well written _____ a few spelling mistakes. A. except　 B.besides　 C.except for　 D.apart 19. The accident _____ his careless driving, so he should be responsible for it. A. resulted in　 B.resulted from　 C.led to　 D.contributed to 20. What did you _____ the old furniture when you moved? A. deal with　 B.do with　 C.cope with　 D.handle 答案与简析： 题号 答案 解析 1 broke out 火灾、战争等"爆发"用 break out；主语是 a fire，且不能用被动。 2 carry out carry out tests 意为"实施、开展测试"，与 experiment、plan 等搭配。 3 taken in be taken in by 意为"被……欺骗"，take in 有"欺骗"义。 4 put off put off the sports meeting 意为"推迟运动会"。 5 give off 花"散发"香味用 give off，接气味、光、热。 6 get over get over the difficulty 意为"克服困难"。 7 came up with 主语是人（she），"想出主意"用 come up with。 8 get through get through 表示"接通电话"：couldn't get through（打不通）。 9 make up for make up for the loss 意为"弥补损失"。 10 look up look up the word in the dictionary 意为"在字典中查阅单词"。 11 B turn down 意为"拒绝"，此处指计划因不切实际而被否决。 12 B carry out the rescue work 意为"开展救援工作"；carry on 为"继续"，carry off 为"赢得"。 13 B look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词 seeing。 14 A come about 意为"发生"，How did...come about? 为固定句型。 15 B come into effect 意为"生效"，为固定搭配。 16 C set out to do sth. 意为"着手做某事"，此处接 to improve。 17 B in no way 置于句首，句子部分倒装，助动词 can 提前。 18 C "整体肯定+局部例外"用 except for，指排除几处拼写错误。 19 B 事故"起因于"粗心驾驶，果→因方向用 result from。 20 B 疑问词 what 与 do with 搭配："怎么处理"用 What did you do with...? 一、单项选择 1．—Hello, may I speak to Mary? —Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ to the library. A．has been B．has gone C．went D．will go 2．—________ is the population of your hometown? —About 50,000. A．How many B．How much C．What D．Which 3．The government has taken measures to ________ the living conditions of the poor. A．improve B．invent C．increase D．imagine 4．Many new roads ________ in our city since 2018. A．are built B．were built C．have been built D．will be built 5．Our village has ________ built a new hospital and a library. A．just B．never C．yet D．ever 6．—________ you ________ the new library? —Yes, I went there last Friday. A．Have; visited B．Did; visit C．Do; visit D．Will; visit 7．Farmers sell their ________ online to people all over China. A．problems B．products C．programs D．projects 8．________ time goes by, we realize how important it is to protect our earth. A．With B．As C．For D．On 9．The ancient ________ left plenty of cultural treasures along the Silk Road. A．dynasties B．planets C．galaxies D．ceremonies 10．He succeeded ________ a new kind of high‑tech product after years of hard work. A．develop B．to develop C．in developing D．developing 11．People’s living conditions have improved ________ in recent years. A．greatly B．quietly C．slowly D．luckily 12．The young learner practices pronunciation ________ to get perfect oral skills. A．efficiently B．widely C．completely D．gradually 13．Kate’s life has changed________ after she received the teacher’s help. A．greatly B．quietly C．nearly D．lastly 14．—Oh, this bridge is too________ for two cars to pass at the same time. —Yeah. Let’s pass it separately. A．narrow B．deep C．high D．rough 15．This learning plan ________ students who are weak in spoken English. A．suits B．admires C．spreads D．operates 16．People of all ages ________ the great thinkers in ancient history. A．look down on B．look up to C．mix up D．divide into 17．You can ________ your vocabulary by reading one short passage every day. A．build up B．boost up C．widen up D．tie up 18．Too much waste can ________ serious pollution problems to our environment. A．bring about B．pick up C．depend on D．get over 19．The old cinema ________ last year. It is a library now. A．is closing B．has closed C．closed D．closes 20．Students can ________ free after-class resources to improve their English. A．drop out of B．take advantage of C．wear out D．run out of 21．With the ________ of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole. A．result B．support C．advice D．description 22．My grandma ________ live in a small old house, but now she lives in a bright flat. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．gets used to 23．The new policy has ________ great changes in people’s daily lives. A．brought out B．brought about C．brought up D．brought in 24．It ________ the workers over two years to build the bridge, and during that time they ________ most of their daytime working on it. A．took; took B．spent; spent C．took; spent D．spent; took 25．The new bridge ________ for over two years, and it helps people travel easily. A．has opened B．has been open C．was open D．is opened 26．—________ you ________ your lunch? —Yes, I ________ it at school. A．Did; have; had B．Have; had; had C．Did; have; have had D．Have; had; have had 27．A big ________ carries fresh fruit and vegetables from the village to the city market early every morning. A．lorry B．tunnel C．track D．bush 28．________ a lack of water, some plants can’t grow well in dry areas. A．Thanks to B．Because of C．Instead of D．According to 29．—Jerry works so hard that he feels tired these days. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．complete 30．—How can we ________ the wide street safely? —We must wait for the green light and walk quickly. A．cross over B．come over C．go over D．think over 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 31．He ________ (lead) a very quiet life in the past. 32．We have improved the technology ________ (great) in recent years. 33．We are building a ________ (social) new countryside. 34．With China’s development, the food ________ (short) has gone. 35．Many ________ (sand) lands have turned into green fields in China. 36．She works as a ________ (manage) in a big city after graduation. 37．Our family ________ (move) to the new community near the highway because my father’s office is closer there. 38．Over the years, the small town ________ (change) a lot. 39．Many new buildings ________ (build) in our town since 2020. 40．My grandfather ____________ (die) for 10 years. 41．It is said that the number of cars ________ (rise) quickly in the last decade. 42．With the help of science, our lives ________ (improve) greatly. 43．More and more trees ________ (plant) to protect the environment every year. 44．China has built many new ________ (port) to make shipping easier. 45．After the discussion, we reached the ________ (conclude) that the plan worked. 46．The river ________ (pollute) by the waste water from factories. 47．He is used to ________ (live) in the big modern city now. 48．Great ________ (progress) has been made in rural education. 49．The new policy ________ (bring) about many changes since 2020. 50．So far, Amy ________ (raise) more than 1,500 coins. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：——你好，我可以找玛丽吗？——抱歉，她不在。她去图书馆了。 答句中“She isn’t in.”（她不在），说明她去了图书馆还没回来，用现在完成时态，应填has gone。 2．C 【解析】句意：——你家乡的人口是多少？——大约五万人。 How many多少；How much多少；What什么；Which哪一个。结合上文“...is the population of your hometown?”与答语“About 50,000.”可知，此处是对人口的数量进行提问，需用固定句型“What is the population of...?”进行表达，应选用What。 3．A 【解析】句意：政府已经采取措施来改善穷人的居住条件了。 improve改善；invent发明；increase增加；imagine想象。根据“The government has taken measures”可知，此处是指改善穷人的居住条件。improve living conditions“改善居住条件”，符合语境。 4．C 【解析】句意：自2018年以来，我们城市已经修建了许多新道路。 根据“since 2018”可知，句子时态为现在完成时“have/has done”，主语“Many new roads”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，应使用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，空处填have been built。 5．A 【解析】句意：我们村子刚刚建成了一所新医院和一座图书馆。 just刚刚；never从不；yet还（常用于否定句或疑问句句末）；ever曾经（常用于疑问句）。根据“Our village has…built...”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，副词应放在助动词has和过去分词built之间。结合语境，村子建成了新设施，表示动作刚刚完成，应用just。 6．A 【解析】句意：——你参观过新图书馆吗？——是的，我上周五去那里了。 问句是在询问对方“是否参观过图书馆”，强调过去的经历，应用现在完成时。答句虽然有具体时间last Friday，但这是补充动作发生的时间，不影响问句的时态。 7．B 【解析】句意：农民们在网上向全中国的人们售卖他们的产品。 problems问题；products产品；programs节目；projects项目。根据“Farmers sell their...”可知农民售卖的应该是产品。 8．B 【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，我们意识到保护地球是多么重要。 With随着，介词；As随着，连词；For因为，介词/连词；On在……上面，介词。空格后“time goes by”是表示时间的主谓完整的句子，此处需要连词引导时间状语从句，故用As。 9．A 【解析】句意：古代的朝代沿着丝绸之路留下了丰富的文化宝藏。 dynasties朝代；planets行星；galaxies星系；ceremonies仪式。根据“ancient”和“Silk Road”以及“cultural treasures”可知，此处指的是历史上的朝代留下了文化遗产，B、C属于天文范畴，D指仪式，均不符合语境。 10．C 【解析】句意：多年的努力工作后，他成功研发出一种新型高科技产品。 develop意为“开发，研制”，是动词；succeed in doing sth..意为“成功地做成某事”，固定短语 ，因此空处用in developing。 11．A 【解析】句意：近几年人们的生活条件得到了大大的改善。 greatly大大地；quietly安静地；slowly缓慢地；luckily幸运地。空格处需要副词修饰动词improved。根据“in recent years”及常识可知，近些年人们的生活条件得到了“大大地”改善，greatly符合语境。 12．A 【解析】句意：这位年轻学习者高效地练习发音以获得完美的口语技能。 efficiently高效地；widely广泛地；completely完全地；gradually逐渐地。根据“to get perfect oral skills”可知，为了获得完美的口语技能，需要高效地练习发音。故选A。 13．A 【解析】句意：凯特在得到老师的帮助后，她的生活发生了很大的变化。 greatly极大地；quietly安静地；nearly几乎；lastly最后。根据“after she received the teacher’s help”可知，得到帮助后生活通常会有显著改变，greatly符合语境。 14．A 【解析】句意：——哦，这座桥太窄了，两辆车不能同时通过。——是的。让我们分别通过吧。 narrow窄的；deep深的；high高的；rough粗糙的。根据“for two cars to pass at the same time”及答语“Let’s pass it separately.”可知，桥太窄了导致无法同时通行。故选A。 15．A 【解析】句意：这个学习计划适合口语弱的学生。 suits适合；admires羡慕；spreads传播；operates操作。根据“This learning plan ________ students who are weak in spoken English.”可知，此处指计划“适合”学生，其余选项不符合语境。故选A。 16．B 【解析】句意：各个年龄段的人都尊敬古代历史上的伟大思想家。 look down on轻视；look up to尊敬；mix up混淆；divide into分成。据“great thinkers”可知，人们对其态度应为正面的敬仰，look up to符合句意。 17．A 【解析】句意：你可以通过每天阅读一篇短文来积累你的词汇量。 build up积累；boost up促进；widen up加宽；tie up捆绑。根据“by reading one short passage every day”可知是通过每天的阅读来逐渐积累词汇，build up vocabulary为固定搭配，意为“积累词汇”。应填build up。 18．A 【解析】句意：太多的废物会给我们的环境带来严重的污染问题。 bring about引起、导致；pick up捡起；depend on依赖；get over克服。根据“Too much waste”和“serious pollution problems”可知，废物会导致污染问题，bring about符合语境。 19．C 【解析】句意：这家老电影院去年关闭了。现在它是一个图书馆。 根据时间状语“last year”，句子需用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式“closed”。 20．B 【解析】句意：学生们可以利用免费的课后资源来提高他们的英语。 drop out of退出；take advantage of利用；wear out磨损，耗尽；run out of用完。根据“improve their English”可知，目的是提高英语，所以需要“利用”资源，所以“take advantage of”符合此句的语境。 21．B 【解析】句意：在现代技术的支持下，科学家们得到了一张黑洞的照片。 result结果；support支持；advice建议；description描述。根据“scientists got a photo of a black hole”可知，科学家拍摄到黑洞照片是在现代技术的“支持”下完成的。 22．A 【解析】句意：我奶奶过去住在一栋小的旧房子里，但现在她住在一间明亮的公寓里。 used to过去常常做某事（接动词原形）；be used to习惯于做某事（接动名词）；get used to习惯于做某事（接动名词）。根据“but now she lives in a bright flat”可知，句子描述的是过去与现在的对比，且空后是动词原形 live，表示过去常常住在小房子里。应填used to。 23．B 【解析】句意：新政策给人们的日常生活带来了巨大的变化。 brought out生产、使显现；brought about引起、带来；brought up养育、提出；brought in引进、赚取。根据“great changes in people’s daily lives”可知，新政策“带来”了变化，bring about表示“引起、带来”，符合语境，故选B。 24．C 【解析】句意：建造这座桥花了工人们两年多的时间，在此期间他们把大部分白天时间都花在了上面。 take表示“花费”时主语通常为It，常用句型It takes sb.. some time to do sth..；spend表示“花费”时主语通常为人，常用句型sb.. spend time (in) doing sth..。第一空，主语是“It”，故用took；第二空，主语是“they”，且后接“working”，应用spent。 25．B 【解析】句意：这座新桥已经开通两年多了，它帮助人们轻松出行。 句中“for over two years”是持续时间段，表示状态从过去一直持续到现在，要使用现在完成时，谓语需要具备延续含义。has opened中open作动词意为“开放”，是短暂性动词，不能和for+时间段连用；was open一般过去时，仅表示过去的状态，暗含现在已经不再开放；is opened一般现在时被动语态，强调“被开通”这个瞬间动作，不能与for+时间段连用；has been open中open是形容词，be open表示“开放的”，是延续状态。现在完成时has been open可以与时间段连用，表示从过去持续至今，应填has been open。 26．B 【解析】句意：——你吃过午饭了吗？——是的，我在学校吃的。 根据句意，询问中午是否吃过饭，强调过去动作（吃午饭）对现在的影响（现在不饿、不用再吃了），用现在完成时“Have you had”；回答时明确“在学校吃的”为过去语境，用一般过去时“had”。应填Have; had; had。 27．A 【解析】句意：每天清晨，一辆大卡车把新鲜水果和蔬菜从乡村运到城市市场。 lorry卡车；tunnel隧道；track轨道；bush灌木丛。根据“carries fresh fruit and vegetables from the village to the city market”可知，此处指能够运输货物的交通工具。应填lorry。 28．B 【解析】句意：由于缺水，一些植物在干旱地区生长不好。 Thanks to多亏；Because of因为；Instead of代替；According to根据。根据“some plants can’t grow well in dry areas”可知植物生长不好是负面结果，原因是“a lack of water”，表示因果关系且为负面或中性原因，应用Because of。 29．B 【解析】句意：——杰瑞工作如此努力以至于这些天他感到很累。——他必须独自养活一家四口。 offer提供；support养活，支持；provide提供；complete完成。根据语境可知，此处指独自养活一家四口，support a family为固定搭配，意为“养活家庭”。 30．A 【解析】句意：——我们怎样才能安全地穿过这条宽阔的街道？——我们必须等绿灯然后快走。 cross over穿过；come over过来；go over复习；think over仔细考虑。根据答语“We must wait for the green light…”可知是在讨论如何过马路，cross over符合穿过街道的语境。 二、 31．led 【解析】句意：他过去过着非常安静的生活。句中时间状语为“in the past”，表示过去发生的动作，句子需用一般过去时；动词lead的过去式为led。 32．greatly 【解析】句意：近年来我们在技术上取得了极大的进步。此处需要修饰动词“improved”，应用副词形式。“great”是形容词，其副词形式为“greatly”，表示“极大地”。 33．socialist 【解析】句意：我们正在建设社会主义新农村。此处需要形容词修饰名词countryside，social意为“社会的”，不符合语境；socialist意为“社会主义的”，符合建设社会主义新农村的固定表述，故填socialist。 34．shortage 【解析】句意：随着中国的发展，食物短缺的问题已经消失了。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个名词作主语，括号内的“short”是形容词，意为“短的”，此处要填其名词形式“shortage”，意为“短缺；不足”，“food shortage”表示“食物短缺”。 35．sandy 【解析】句意：在中国，许多沙地已经变成了绿油油的田地。括号内单词sand意为“沙子”，此处需要形容词修饰后面的名词lands；sandy是形容词，含义为“多沙的”，放在名词lands之前作定语，故填sandy。 36．manager 【解析】句意：毕业后，她在一座大城市担任经理。空前有“a”，后面要接表示人的单数名词，manage的名词为manager。 37．moved 【解析】句意：我们家搬到了高速公路附近的新社区，因为我爸爸的办公室离那里更近。根据后文“because my father’s office is closer there”可知，这是在说明搬家的原因，且搬家是一个已经完成的动作，因此用一般过去时。move的过去式为moved。故填moved。 38．has changed 【解析】句意：多年来，小镇发生了很大的变化。“Over the years”提示句子时态用现在完成时，表示从过去某一时间开始的动作一直持续到现在，主语是单数，助动词用has，过去分词用changed。 39．have been built 【解析】句意：自从2020年以来，我们镇上建造了许多新楼房。根据“since 2020”可知，句子时态为现在完成时。句子主语“Many new buildings”与动词build为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has + been + 过去分词”；主语为复数，助动词用have，build的过去分词为built。故填have been built。 40．has been dead 【解析】句意：我爷爷已经去世十年了。“for 10 years”提示时态是现在完成时，die是短暂性动词，需要转化为对应的延续性状态短语be dead，主语My grandfather是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been dead。 41．has risen 【解析】句意：据说，在过去十年里汽车的数量迅速增长。主句“It is said...”的时态为一般现在时，that从句时态看从句自身时间状语，不用和主句时态绑定；根据“in the last decade”可知，从句时态为现在完成时，主语为“the number of cars”，“the number of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，助动词用has，rise的过去分词是risen。故填has risen。 42．have improved 【解析】句意：在科学的帮助下，我们的生活已经大大改善了。句中“With the help of science”提示科学带来的变化和结果，强调对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语our lives为复数，助动词应用have，improve的过去分词为improved。故填have improved。 43．are planted 【解析】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种植越来越多的树木。主语More and more trees（越来越多的树）与动词plant（种植）之间是被动关系，且时间状语every year（每年）表明时态为一般现在时。一般现在时的被动语态结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”。主语trees是复数，be动词用are，plant的过去分词为planted。故填are planted。 44．ports 【解析】句意：中国已经建造了许多新的港口以使航运更加便利。空前“many”提示空处用复数形式，“port”为可数名词，其复数形式为ports。 45．conclusion 【解析】句意：经过讨论，我们得出结论：这个计划可行。conclude是动词，意为“得出结论”。空格前面有定冠词the，后面需要接名词。conclude的名词形式是conclusion（结论）。 46．has been polluted 【解析】句意：这条河被工厂排出的废水污染了。分析语境可知，句子可使用现在完成时，强调污染动作已经发生、且对现在造成了持续的不良影响；主语The river与pollute之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”，主语是单数，助动词用has，pollute的过去分词为polluted。 47．living 【解析】句意：他现在已经习惯住在这座现代化的大城市里。句中固定搭配be used to表示“习惯于”，此处to是介词，后面需要接动名词形式，live的动名词形式为living，故填living。 48．progress 【解析】句意：农村教育已经取得了巨大进步。progress意为“进步”，是不可数名词，没有复数变化；固定搭配make great progress表示“取得巨大进步”。 49．has brought 【解析】句意：这项新政策自2020年以来带来了许多变化。根据时间状语“since 2020”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语The new policy为第三人称单数，助动词用has，动词bring的过去分词为brought。故填has brought。 50．has raised 【解析】句意：到目前为止，艾米已经筹集了1500多枚硬币。根据标志词“so far”（到目前为止）可知本句用现在完成时，主语Amy是第三人称单数，助动词用has，raise的过去分词为raised。故填has raised。 训练 一、单词拼写 1．What’s your a__________ to the news that a shrimp cost 38 RMB in Qingdao? 2．The police are trying to find out the i__________ of the men killed in the accident. 3．Despite  heavy  traffic, the  journalists  arrived  at  Lukou  Airport  thirty  minutes  ahead  of   s______. 4．Knowledge can be of a great b__________ to everybody. 5．Her dream is to become a d_____ one day, designing bridges and tall buildings. 6．The strange woman made a deep i____________ on me. 7．How can you r__________ my sister so quickly in the crowd? 8．That water pipe b________ and the house was under two feet of water. 9．The e-books, which are i__________ for high school students, are well received. 10．The black mountains c________sharply with the white snow. 11．I like the job so much that I didn’t h________about taking it. 12．He p__________________ a few things into a bag before going out for camping. 13．Kids d____________ on their parents for foodand clothing when they are young. 14．I got this book by c____________ at a second-hand bookshop. 15．Some advertisements c__________ of pictures or words of experts to show people how good the products are. 16．People need the Internet for some purpose, from finding information and advice on all sorts of topics to c_________ with others who have similar interest. 17．Many scientists c__________ greatly to the development of society in the past. 18．The rich man went abroad with the hope of getting new chances, while the poor man was i_________ to learn some skills of earning money. 19．He i__________ all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. 20．Her d__________ look showed us she has made a decision and never changed. 21．It’s not a_____________ to wear jeans for such a formal occasion. 22．Recent science has shown that, women who drink more than two cups of coffee are more l_____ to have heart disease than those who don't. 23．His writing is so c______ that it is difficult to make out what he wants to express. 24．She liked to dance but felt e___________ if someone was watching her. 25．As a little girl, I’m not brave and am f________ of walking home alone in the dark. 26．We were s_____ when we heard of the news that the beautiful girl would marry that bad boy. 27．It’s f__________ to think what could happen if terrorists did blow up the government buildings. 28．After staying in hospital for two weeks, he r__________ from his illness. 29．You have to b__________ the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages. 30．It’s a great film and it f_______ a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year. 二、单项选择 31．McCartney is far more attractive in the ________ than she ever looks in pictures. A．figure B．appearance C．shape D．flesh 32．His father predicted that he would be a(n) ________ to himself and all his family. ________ all this, he finally became one of the most famous geologists ________ . A．honour, Except; all the time B．disgrace; Besides; of all time C．disgrace; Despite; of all time D．honour; Except for; in time 33．Healthy _________ is essential for plants to grow well in the garden. A．soil B．ground C．earth D．land 34．______ steeled herself, and her unwavering ______ — to spend the next year entirely screen-free — quietly began to reshape her days, turning fragmented attention into focused presence and digital noise into meaningful silence. A．Resolve, mindset B．Resolution, spirits C．Resolve, resolution D．Determination, urge 35．This newly developed diagnostic method is applied to _________ patients from the cost and excessive radiation from CT scans. A．separate B．spare C．withdraw D．distract 36．The amazing experience of skiing in the Alps made her ______ her own inner strength and passion for sports, which deeply ______her to keep going forward. A．identify; inspired B．display; inspires C．adapt; inspires D．monitor; inspired 37．Last year, Paul Miller ______ online when The Verge published his article ______ a unique personal experiment: going one full year with absolutely no internet. A．made something, explaining B．made names, detailing C．made waves, elaborating D．made an issue, listing 38．In the next-generation immersive theater, your virtual assistant won’t just follow orders — it will ______ your preferences and moods, learning until it can intuitively ______ the curation of your entire sensory experience. A．echo, optimize B．echo, take over C．resonate with, hand over D．resonate with, control 39．The exploration team ______ deep into the ruins, only to be completely lost due to a compass malfunction. As supplies ran out and they were on the verge of ______, the distress signal sent with their last bit of battery power finally brought a ______ helicopter. A．marched, disasters, saving B．ventured, collapse, guarding C．trudged, starvation, medevac D．pushed, malnutrition, rescue 40．To capture the elusive aurora, the team had to first ______ their limited resources wisely in order to ______ their observation stations at the most strategically viable points on the ice sheet. A．stretch, locate B．exploit, nestle C．command, position D．pull, spot 41．As the last drop of water evaporated from his canteen, a (n) ______ silence began to ______ him across the endless dunes — a silence more terrifying than any sandstorm. A．isolated, drive B．distressing, bully C．desperate, accompany D．loathing, spur 42．Despite facing personal challenges, she ________ all her energy into completing the project ahead of schedule, earning praise from her colleagues. A．devoted B．distributed C．channeled D．transferred 43．Chronic stress, if left unmanaged, tends to be _________ by cognitive decline such as reduced working memory and decision-making capacity. A．accompanied B．caused C．staged D．struck 44．During the trial, the suspect _________ his innocence, claiming he _________ his family at the time the crime was committed. A．maintained; was in the company of B．insisted; kept company with C．maintained; kept company with D．insisted; was in the company of 45．A truly smart home prioritizes both ________ and ________ automation — the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort. A．secure, domestic B．stable, secret C．security, discreet D．stability, prudent 46．This smart fridge features a (n) ________ power monitor that displays energy usage in ________ terms, like “current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day.” A．cutting-edge, equivalent B．integrated, identical C．amazing, digital D．advanced, figurative 47．Prior to his Antarctica expedition, Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement seeking men for a ______ journey, offering little but small wages, ______ cold, months of darkness, ______ danger, and the prospect of a (n) ______ safe return. A．rough, piercing, constant, doubtful B．perilous, bitter, frequent, erratic C．bumpy, frozen, frequent, uncertain D．hazardous, freezing, constant, unreliable 48．The teacher spoke ________ to make himself heard clearly. A．loud enough B．enough loud C．loudly enough D．enough loudly 49．________, working from home offers great flexibility and saves travel time, but issues like maintaining work-life balance and avoiding burnout still remain ________. A．Theoretically; solving B．Thankfully; solved C．Undoubtedly; addressed D．Admittedly; to be addressed 50．Touch each object you want to touch ______ tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. A．even if B．as if C．if D．whether 51．________ Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated, set off by the smallest things, ________ it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle coming ________ flower — phenomena that once brought comfort now seemed to grate ________ her frayed nerves. A．As, when, to, on B．When, if, into, in C．When, whether, to, in D．As, whether, into, on 52．______ is announced in the newspaper, Kuakuaqun are among the 2019 ten new words. A．It B．As C．Which D．What 53．Last year a journalist had been ______by a well-known magazine to write an article ______the president’s palace in a new African republic． A．struck, for B．tracked, about C．delivered, at D．instructed, on 54．Despite early optimism, the startup ________ after failing to secure a second round of funding. A．lost its temper B．threw in the towel C．kept its head D．turned over a new leaf 55．This exhibition is to ________ the traditional images and show that there are no limits to what you are capable of. A．hand down B．turn down C．break down D．die down 56．The research team will _________ during the expedition (探险), as they must continue collecting data despite the approaching storm. A．rain cats and dogs B．brave the elements C．burn the midnight oil D．beat around the bush 57．— Lucy, would you like to read the passage aloud for the class? — Sorry, Mr. Li. I ______ and can’t speak clearly right now because of a bad cold. A．kill two birds with one stone B．have butterflies in my stomach C．throw the baby out with the bathwater D．have a frog in my throat 58．My grandfather still ________ teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled. A．is at the mercy of B．takes notice of C．is subjected to D．gets his kicks out of 59．— How did you feel when watching the final match of the World Cup? — I was the _________ whole time! The score was tied until the last minute. A．on the edge of my seat B．ticking all the right boxes C．in my own right D．letting off steam 60．The villagers possess a great respect for their land and build their houses ________ nature as much as possible. A．in pursuit of B．in response to C．in harmony with D．in favor of 61．This moment is an opportunity to build a sharper UNESCO, a UNESCO with better service, ______ its ambitions and in line with the needs of the 21st century. A．in tune with B．in favor of C．at ease with D．at expense of 62．As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been________a private collector and somehow managed to escape. A．in possession of B．in case of C．in the possession of D．in view of 63．I think it is Daniel, you, that to blame. A．more than, are B．rather than, is C．other than, is D．rather than, are 64．Children are taught to respect everyone, ______ race, gender or age. A．in terms of B．as for C．regardless of D．in place of 65．The teacher’s patience was ____ after the little boy’s constant noise. A．at the end B．in an end C．in the end D．at an end 66．The famous chef is __________ the temperature of oil and the freshness of ingredients whenever he prepares dishes for important events. A．eager for B．keen on C．particular about D．opposed to 67．When her two best friends had a quarrel, she found herself ________ their completely different opinions. A．scared of B．sandwiched between C．rooted in D．previous to 68．In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being ________ nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfillment. A．comprised of B．reluctant to C．at ease with D．with ease 69．The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and ________ the depressive court life. A．crucial to B．aware of C．in favour of D．critical of 70．If I can do something to make others _________ the problem, then that’s part of the solution. A．aware of B．curious about C．afraid of D．tired of 71．China is developing digital currency, which __________ have an enormous impact on people’s lives. A．is susceptible to B．is relevant to C．is bound to D．is prior to 72．I didn’t like the soap opera at first, but when I started watching one, I immediately became ________ it. A．married to B．addicted to C．opposed to D．resistant to 73．What other free-time activity allows you to be ________ nature and create more beautiful living things? A．close to B．at one with C．in touch with D．connected to 74．She hadn’t yet become ________ the fact that he was a big star. A．accustomed to B．tolerant of C．consistent with D．concerned about 75．China is developing digital currency, which ________ have an enormous impact on people’s lives. A．is unlikely to B．is bound to C．is subject to D．is prior to 76．He was so nervous before the speech that he ________ and could hardly say a word. A．threw the baby out with the bathwater B．had a frog in his throat C．jumped in with both feet D．had butterflies in his stomach 77．Cathy ________ when she was about to deliver a speech in front of the school. A．rained cats and dogs B．had butterflies in her stomach C．pulled her leg D．killed two birds with one stone 78．The great works of art really do reach out to us across the centuries, ________ time itself were nothing. A．even if B．as though C．because D．as soon as 79．In winter, snakes go into a deep sleep in the earth and they look ________ dead. A．as good as B．as well as C．so good as D．so well as 参考答案 一、 1．attitude/ttitude 【解析】考查名词。句意：你对青岛一只虾38元的新闻是什么态度？根据句意以及首字母提示，此处为名词attitude“态度”，不可数名词，满足句意要求。故填attitude。 2．identity/dentity 【解析】考查名词。句意：警察正在调查事故中被杀死的男子的身份。定冠词the后接名词作宾语。结合首字母提示及句意，此处应为“身份”含义，名词identity“身份”，故填identity。 3．schedule/chedule 【解析】考查名词短语。句意：尽管交通拥挤，记者们还是提前30分钟到达了禄口机场。“ahead of schedule”意为“先于预定时间，提前”，符合句意。故填schedule。 4．benefit/enefit 【解析】本题考查固定短语。解题要点：根据所给出的句子，结合首字母，可推出是benefit，短语be of great benefit，意为“有很大好处”，结合句意：知识对每个人都有很大的好处。故答案为benefit。 5．designer/esigner 【解析】考查名词。句意：她的梦想是有一天成为一名设计师，设计桥梁和高楼。该空作become的宾语，用名词，所以填designer。 6．impression/mpression 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个陌生的女人给我留下了深刻的印象。固定词组：make a deep impression on“给…留下深刻印象”。再结合句意和所给首字母可知此处用名词impression。故填impression。 7．recognize/ecognize 【解析】考查动词。句意：你是怎样在人群中这么快认出我妹妹的？根据句意以及首字母提示，此处为动词recognize“认出”，符合句意要求。故填recognize。 8．burst/urst 【解析】考查动词和一般过去时。句意：水管破裂了，房子淹没在两英尺深的水里。根据“the house was under two feet of water”和首字母b可知，此处是指水管破裂了，所以应用动词burst表示“破裂”，且应用一般过去时。故填burst。 9．intended/ntended 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：这些专为高中生准备的电子书很受欢迎。根据句意及首字母判断，空格处应填入动词intend的过去分词。intend意为“打算，计划”。be动词+动词过去分词表示被动，“be intended for”意为“为…… 而设计”，符合语境。故填intended。 10．contrast/ontrast 【解析】考查动词。句意：黑色的山脉和白色的雪花形成鲜明对比。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查谓语动词，表示的应该是“黑色的山脉和白色的雪花”两者之间的对比，句子表达的是一个事实场景，所以要用一般现在时。contrast“对比”为不及物动词，符合题意。故填contrast。 11．hesitate#esitate 【解析】考查动词。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，所以我没有犹豫就做了这份工作。根据句意和首字母可知，这里作者做这份工作应该是毫不犹豫的，hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”，位于助动词didn't之后，动词原形，故填hesitate。 12．put/ut 【解析】考查谓语动词和时态。句意：出去露营前，他把一些东西装进袋子里。根据所给出的句子结构和意思，结合首字母，可推出是考查动词“put”，此处描述的是过去的动作，应使用一般过去时。故答案为put。 13．depend/epend 【解析】考查动词。句意：孩子们小的时候依赖父母供给衣食。固定词组：depend on“依赖，取决于”。再结合句意和所给首字母可知此处用动词depend。故填depend。 14．chance/hance 【解析】考查名词。句意：我在一家二手书店偶然买到了这本书。固定词组：by chance“偶然，意外地”。再结合句意和所给首字母可知此处用名词chance。故填chance。 15．consist/onsist 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：有些广告由专家的照片或话组成，向人们展示产品有多好。短语consist of表示“由……组成”。此处描述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为advertisements，谓语动词用原形。故填consist。 16．corresponding/orresponding/communicating/ommunicating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：人们需要互联网是为了某些目的，从寻找各种话题的信息和建议到与有相同兴趣的人通信。to是介词，故其后应用动词ing形式。故填corresponding/communicating。 17．contributed/ontributed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去许多科学家对社会发展做出了巨大贡献。本句中contribute做谓语动词，根据后文in the past可知应用一般过去时，故填contributed。 18．intended/ntended 【解析】考查形容词。句意：富人出国是希望得到新的机会，而穷人则是想学习一些赚钱的技能。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处是形容词intended“打算的，有意的”，短语be intended to “打算，意图是”，故填intended。 19．ignored/gnored 【解析】考查动词。句意：他忽视了所有的“禁止吸烟”标志，点燃了一根烟。根据“lit up a cigarette”可知，此处指他忽视了“禁止吸烟”的标志，ignore忽视，不理会，动词，此处与后面的lit是并列谓语动词，所以用过去式，故填ignored。 20．determined/etermined 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她坚定的眼神显示了她已经做了决定，不会改变。根据句意以及首字母提示，此处为形容词determined“坚定的”。故填determined。 21．appropriate/ppropriate 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在这么正式的场合穿牛仔裤是不合适的。根据上文It’s可知应填形容词作表语，根据单词首字母以及句意表示“合适的”形容词为appropriate。故填appropriate。 22．likely/ikely 【解析】考查形容词。句意：最近的科学研究表明，喝两杯以上咖啡的女性比不喝咖啡的女性更容易患心脏病。根据所给句子及句意，结合首字母提示可知，此处是副词likely“可能的”，be likely to表示“很可能做某事”。故填likely。 23．confusing/onfusing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他写得很乱，很难弄清楚他想表达什么。作表语用形容词，根据“it is difficult to make out what he wants to express”可知此处表示“混乱的、令人困惑的”，故填confusing。 24．embarrassed/mbarrassed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她喜欢跳舞，但如果有人看着她，她会感到尴尬。分析句子结构可知，空前的felt是系动词，所以空处应该填形容词做表语，根据“if someone was watching her”可知如果有人看她，她会感到尴尬，embarrassed意为“尴尬的”。故填embarrassed。 25．frightened/rightened 【解析】考查形容词。句意：作为一个小女孩，我不勇敢，害怕在黑暗中独自走回家。短语be frightened of害怕。故填frightened。 26．shocked/hocked 【解析】考查形容词。句意：当我们听说“好女嫁坏男”时我们都很震惊。根据句意和首字母提示，shock vt. 震惊；在be后需用过去分词化的形容词，人作主语用ed结尾的形容词，shocked“感到震惊的”。故填shocked。 27．frightening/rightening 【解析】本题考查形容词。解题要点：根据所给出的句子，结合首字母，可推出是“frightening”。be frightening to do sth. 做某事是令人害怕的。结合句意：一想到如果恐怖分子真的炸毁了政府大楼会发生什么，就会让人感到恐惧。故答案为frightening。 28．recovered/ecovered 【解析】考查动词及时态。句意：在医院住了两周之后，他从疾病中康复。根据“After staying in hospital for two weeks”可知，此处指在医院住了两周后恢复了健康，recover恢复，康复，动词，结合句意可知此处用一般过去时，故填recovered。 29．balance/alance 【解析】句意：你必须衡量住在农村的优势和劣势。have to do sth.不得不做某事，故答案为balance。 30．features/eatures 【解析】句意：这是一部很棒的电影，它由一个西班牙演员主演，他将在一年内成为世界明星。feature意为“由……主演”，其主语是it，要用单数形式，故填features。 二、 31．D 【解析】句意：麦卡特尼本人比照片里看上去要迷人得多。A. figure人物；B. appearance外貌；C. shape形状；D. flesh肉体。根据后文“than she ever looks in pictures”可知为短语in the flesh，意为“本人；亲自；活生生的”。 32．C 【解析】考查名词、介词和短语辨析。句意：他父亲曾预言他会成为自己和全家的耻辱。尽管如此，他最终成为了有史以来最著名的地质学家之一。第一空disgrace：耻辱，丢脸的人 / 事；honour：荣誉，根据后文：他最后成了著名地质学家，说明父亲当初是负面预测，即认为是耻辱，故排除A、D选项；第二空根据后文“he finally became one of the most famous geologists”可知，父亲说他会丢脸，尽管这样，他最后成功了。Despite all this：尽管如此/尽管这样符合语境，Except/Besides/Except for都不符合逻辑。第三空all the time一直，in time及时；of all time有史以来。指“史上最著名的地质学家之一”用of all time。故选C。 33．A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：健康的土壤对于植物在花园中良好生长至关重要。A. soil土壤（指植物生长的表层土壤，强调其作为植物生长介质的功能）；B. ground地，地面；C. 地球，泥土，世界，大地；D. land陆地，国土。根据“for plants to grow well in the garden”可知，句子强调“植物在花园中良好生长”，这需要关注土壤的肥力、结构和健康状况，soil常用于园艺和植物学中，最符合语境。故选A。 34．C 【解析】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：罗西尔坚定了自己的决心，她那坚定不移的决心——要在接下来的一年里完全远离屏幕——悄然开始改变着她的生活，将分散的注意力转化为专注的投入，将数字噪音转化为有意义的宁静。第一个空需要一个动词，resolve作动词时，有“决心，决定”之意。resolve oneself表示“下定决心”，符合语境。determination是名词，不符合此处语法要求；mindset心态；spirits精神；情绪；resolution决心，决定；urge强烈的欲望；冲动。第二个空需要一个名词，与前文“resolved herself”相呼应，这里指她坚定的决心要在接下来的一年完全不使用电子设备，所以用名词resolution。故选C。 35．B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种新开发的诊断方法被用于使病人免受CT扫描的费用和过度辐射。A. separate分离，分开；B. spare使免受，免去；C. withdraw撤回，撤退；D. distract分散注意力。此处根据句意和固定搭配spare sb from sth意为“使某人免于某事”可知，该方法能让病人避免CT扫描的费用和辐射，故选B。 36．A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析和时态。句意：在阿尔卑斯山滑雪的那次奇妙经历让她发现了自己内心的力量以及对运动的热爱，这极大地激励着她不断前行。第一空A. identify认清；B. display展示；C. adapt改编；D. monitor监督。根据后文“her own inner strength”指认清 / 发现自己内在的力量，用identify；第二空根据上文made可知为一般过去时，故选A。 37．C 【解析】考查动词短语及动词词义辨析。句意：去年，保罗·米勒在网上引起了巨大轰动，当时《The Verge》发表了他的一篇文章，详细阐述了一项独特的个人实验：整整一年完全不上网。A. made something制作某物，explaining解释；B. made names无此表达, detailing详述；C. made waves引起轰动，elaborating详细阐述；D. made an issue挑起争端，listing列举。结合后面的“going one full year with absolutely no internet”可知，Paul Miller进行了一项“整整一年完全不上网”的实验，这是一个引人注目、可能引发讨论的行为，第一空应用made waves“引起轰动”；结合空前的“his article”可知，《The Verge》发表的文章需要向读者清楚解释这个实验的来龙去脉、细节和想法，elaborating“详细阐述”符合语境，detailing意思与之接近。故选C。 38．A 【解析】考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：在下一代沉浸式剧院中，你的虚拟助手不会只是听从命令——它会回应你的偏好和情绪，不断学习，直到它能直观地优化你对整个感官体验的策展。A. echo, optimize回应，优化；B. echo, take over回应，接管；C. resonate with, hand over引起共鸣，移交；D. resonate with, control引起共鸣，控制。根据your preferences and moods可知，此处指虚拟助手回应你的偏好和情绪，echo符合语境；再根据the curation of your entire sensory experience可知，此处指优化你的整个感官体验，optimize符合语境。故选A。 39．C 【解析】考查动词、名词词义辨析。句意：探险队艰难跋涉深入废墟，却因指南针故障彻底迷路了。随着补给耗尽，他们濒临饥饿，用最后一点电池电量发出的求救信号最终迎来了一架医疗救援直升机。A. marched行进，disasters灾难，saving拯救；B. ventured冒险，collapse崩溃，guarding守卫的；C. trudged艰难跋涉，starvation饥饿，medevac医疗救援；D. pushed推进，malnutrition营养不良，rescue救援。第一空，结合“deep into the ruins”和“completely lost”可知，探险队深入废墟的过程是艰难的，trudged更贴合语境；第二空，“supplies ran out”直接指向食物短缺，starvation符合语义；第三空，结合“distress signal”可知，指迎来了医疗救援直升机，medevac符合题意。故选C。 40．A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了捕捉难以捉摸的极光，该团队必须首先明智地充分利用其有限的资源，以便将观测站部署在冰盖上战略上最可行的位置。A. stretch充分利用、伸展，locate定位、找到；B. exploit开发、利用（含贬义，侧重过度利用），nestle依偎、安身；C. command指挥、掌控，position部署、安置；D. pull拉、拖，spot发现、认出。根据“limited resources wisely”可知，此处指充分利用有限资源，stretch符合语境；结合“observation stations at the most strategically viable points”可知，locate符合题意，强调找到并定位，符合“部署观测站”的语义。故选A。 41．C 【解析】考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：当他水壶里的最后一滴水蒸发殆尽时，一种绝望的寂静开始在无边的沙丘上笼罩着他 —— 这种寂静比任何沙尘暴都更令人恐惧。A. isolated孤立的，drive驱使；B. distressing令人苦恼的，bully欺凌；C. desperate绝望的，accompany陪伴；D. loathing厌恶，spur激励。根据“the last drop of water evaporated”和“silence more terrifying than any sandstorm”可知，水耗尽后身处无边沙丘的寂静是令人绝望的，且寂静会一直伴随、笼罩着他，desperate和accompany符合语境。故选C。 42．C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临个人挑战，她将全部精力投入到提前完成项目中，赢得了同事们的赞扬。A. devoted奉献，把……用于，常用搭配为devote…to…；B. distributed分配，常用搭配为distribute…among/to…；C. channeled引导，把……用于，常用搭配为channel…into…；D. transferred转移，常用搭配为transfer…to…。根据空后的“all her energy into completing the project”可知，此处应用channel…into…的搭配，表示“将全部精力投入到完成项目中”。故选C。 43．A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期压力如果得不到控制，往往伴有认知衰退，例如工作记忆和决策能力下降。A. accompanied伴随；B. caused导致；C. staged上演；D. struck打击，撞击。结合空后的“by cognitive decline”可知，accompanied“伴随”符合题意，构成短语be accompanied by“伴随着，伴有”，说明长期压力和认知衰退会同时存在或出现。故选A。 44．A 【解析】考查动词及短语辨析。句意：庭审期间，嫌疑人坚称自己无罪，声称案发时他正与家人在一起。maintain坚持声称，主张，后可接名词或that从句；insist坚决要求，坚持认为，后通常接介词on或that从句；be in the company of与……在一起，侧重处于某人的陪伴中；keep company with与……交往，结交，侧重长期社交关系。第一空后为名词his innocence，应用动词maintained，表示“坚称自己无罪”；结合“at the time the crime was committed”可知，第二空应用was in the company of，“与家人在一起”符合案发时的状态。故选A。 45．C 【解析】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一个真正智能的家居应优先考虑安全且不显眼的自动化——摄像头能探测威胁，同时又不会让住户感到被监视，通过尊重个人空间和心理舒适的适度设计来实现保护。A. secure形容词，安全的，domestic形容词，国内的，家庭的；B. stable形容词，稳定的，secret形容词/名词，秘密的，秘密；C. security名词，安全，discreet形容词，不引人注意的；D. stability名词，稳定，prudent形容词，谨慎的。后半句的解释“the cameras detect threats without making residents feel watched, achieving protection through modest design that respects personal space and psychological comfort (摄像头能探测威胁，同时又不会让住户感到被监视，通过尊重个人空间和心理舒适的适度设计来实现保护)”指出了智能家居自动化应具有安全的功能，同时提供不打扰的体验，security automation指提供安全保障的自动化功能，与“探测威胁”呼应，discreet automation指运行方式隐蔽、不侵犯隐私的自动化，与“不会让住户感到被监视”和“适度设计”呼应。故选C。 46．A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个智能冰箱配备了一个尖端的电源监视器，它以等效术语显示能源使用情况，比如“当前耗电量相当于让3个LED灯泡开一天。”A. cutting-edge尖端的，前沿的，equivalent相等的、等效的；B. integrated集成的，identical相同的；C. amazing令人惊叹的，digital数字的；D. advanced先进的，figurative比喻性的。根据“smart fridge”可知，电量监测器应是“先进的，前沿的”，cutting-edge和advanced均符合；结合后文举例“current draw equals leaving 3 LED bulbs on for a day”可知，此处是用等效属于描述能源使用情况，equivalent符合语境。故选A。 47．A 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在南极探险之前，欧内斯特・沙克尔顿刊登广告招募人员参与一场危险的旅程，所提供的只有微薄的薪水、刺骨的严寒、数月的黑暗、持续的危险，以及能否安全返回的不确定前景。A. rough粗糙的 / 艰难的，piercing刺骨的，constant持续的，doubtful可疑的 / 不确定的；B. perilous危险的，bitter刺骨的，frequent频繁的，erratic不稳定的；C. bumpy颠簸的，frozen冰冻的，frequent频繁的，uncertain不确定的；D. hazardous危险的，freezing极冷的，constant持续的，unreliable不可靠的。第一空，修饰journey，结合南极探险背景，需体现“危险的”核心含义，perilous、hazardous均符合；第二空，修饰cold，bitter、piercing均贴合“寒冷的感受”；第三空，结合南极探险的持续性风险，constant danger更能体现危险时刻存在的特质；第四空，修饰safe return，需体现“不确定”，doubtful、uncertain符合语境。综上，rough、piercing、constant、doubtful 搭配最贴合上下文语义及南极探险的语境。故选A。 48．A 【解析】句意：老师说得足够大声，以便让自己被听清楚。enough修饰形容词或副词时，必须放在被修饰词的后面。loud和loudly均可作副词，本句中需修饰动词speak，此时loud侧重于声音洪亮、传得远；loudly侧重于声音喧闹、嘈杂。此处表示老师说话声音大，应用loud。 49．D 【解析】句意：诚然，居家办公具备高度灵活性且节省通勤时间，但维持工作生活平衡、避免过度劳累等问题仍有待解决。A. Theoretically理论上，solving正在解决；B. Thankfully庆幸地，solved已被解决；C. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地，addressed已被解决；D. Admittedly诚然，无可否认，to be addressed有待解决。根据前半句“working from home offers great flexibility”和后半句“but issues like maintaining work-life-balance and avoiding burnout still remain”可知，前后为转折关系，故第一空应选表示承认的副词Admittedly，引出优点；固定搭配remain to be done 表示“有待被……”，address意为“处理、解决”，问题是“有待被处理”，用to be addressed。 50．B 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：触摸每一个你想触摸的东西，就好像明天你的触觉会失灵一样。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. if如果；D. whether是否。根据句意可知，句子是用假设的语气强调要珍惜当下的触觉体验，as if引导的从句常用虚拟语气表示与将来事实不符的情况，所以此处用as if引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”。故选B。 51．D 【解析】考查连词、介词、固定短语。句意：随着简年纪越来越大，她变得越来越焦躁，一点小事就会让她心烦意乱，无论是邮件送到、西风吹起，甚至是库塔芒德拉金合欢花盛开的悦目景象 —— 这些曾经能带来慰藉的事物，如今似乎都刺激着她脆弱的神经。As 随着；when 当……时；whether无论，不管；if 如果，是否。to 到，向；into 进入……状态；on （固定搭配中）对……产生影响；in在……方面。根据“Jane got older she grew increasingly agitated (随着简年纪越来越大，她变得越来越焦躁)”可知，第一空用As表伴随的状态变化；根据“it was the mail arriving, a westerly blowing or even the cheerful sight of the Cootamundra wattle(是邮件送到、西风吹起，甚至是库塔芒德拉金合欢花盛开的悦目景象)”可知，第二空用whether与or搭配构成“whether...or...”的固定结构，表示“无论…… 还是……”；第三空“come into flower”为固定短语，意为“开花”；第四空“grate on”为固定短语，意为“刺激，使烦躁”。这四个空的词汇搭配均为英语中的固定用法，因此 As, whether, into, on 为最恰当的选择。故选D项。 52．B 【解析】考查as引导非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：正如报纸上所报道的那样，夸夸群入选2019年度十大新词。A. It它(代词，不能引导从句)；B. As正如(可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句内容，可置于句首)；C. Which(引导非限制性定语从句时不能置于句首)；D. What(引导名词性从句，不引导定语从句)。由语意可知，此处需引导非限制性定语从句指代后文整句话的内容，且从句置于句首，只能用As。故选B项。 53．D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析和介词辨析。句意：去年，一家知名杂志社指派一名记者写一篇关于一个新非洲共和国总统府的文章。A. struck打击，for为了；B. tracked追踪，about关于（更加随意、口语化）；C. delivered递送，at在（某处）；D. instructed指示，命令，on关于（较为正式、严谨）。第一空应表达杂志社“指示，命令”记者写文章，故用instructed；第二空表示文章“关于”总统府，用介词on。故选D。 54．B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管起初满怀希望，但这家初创公司最终还是放弃了，因为它未能获得第二轮融资。A. lost its temper发脾气；B. threw in the towel认输，放弃，承认失败；C. kept its head保持冷静；D. turned over a new leaf改过自新，重新开始。根据后文“after failing to secure a second round of funding”可知，未能获得第二轮融资，所以承认失败了。故选B。 55．C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这次展览旨在打破传统印象，表明你所能做到的一切是没有极限的。A. hand down传承；B. turn down拒绝、调小；C. break down打破、破除、消除；D. die down逐渐减弱、平息。根据后文“the traditional images”和“show that there are no limits to what you are capable of”可推知，展览表明你所能做到的一切是没有极限的，“打破”传统印象，用动词短语break down。故选C。 56．B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：探险期间，研究小组将顶风冒雨，因为尽管暴风雨即将来临，他们仍必须继续收集数据。A. rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨；B. brave the elements不顾天气恶劣，顶风冒雨；C. burn the midnight oil熬夜；D. beat around the bush旁敲侧击，拐弯抹角。根据“as they must continue collecting data despite the approaching storm”可知，尽管即将来临的风暴，研究小组仍要继续收集数据，所以他们会勇敢面对恶劣天气。故选B。 57．D 【解析】考查习语辨析。句意：——露西，你愿意为全班大声朗读这篇文章吗？——对不起，李老师。我喉咙痛，现在因为重感冒而说不清楚话。A. kill two birds with one stone一石二鸟；B. have butterflies in my stomach心里七上八下；C. throw the baby out with the bathwater不分好坏地丢弃；D. have a frog in my throat喉咙痛，嗓音嘶哑。根据“can’t speak clearly right now because of a bad cold”可知，此处表示因为感冒嗓子不舒服，习语have a frog in my throat符合题意。故选D项。 58．D 【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我爷爷至今仍乐此不疲地教青少年下那些让他们哑口无言、自愧不如的国际象棋开局套路。A. is at the mercy of受……支配，任由……摆布；B. takes notice of注意到，关注；C. is subjected to遭受，被迫接受；D. gets his kicks out of从……中获得乐趣。根据“teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled”可知，gets his kicks out of“从……中获得乐趣”符合题意，表示“爷爷乐在其中”，符合“让青少年惊叹”的幽默语气。故选D。 59．A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——看世界杯决赛的时候你是什么感受？——我全程都紧张到坐立不安、心提到嗓子眼！比分一直僵持到最后一分钟才分出胜负。A. on the edge of my seat（因紧张、激动、悬念）坐立不安的，心提到嗓子眼的；B. ticking all the right boxes样样都好，符合所有要求；C. in my own right凭借自身的能力；D. letting off steam发泄情绪，宣泄压力。根据“The score was tied until the last minute.”可知，全程都紧张到坐立不安。故选A。 60．C 【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：村民们非常尊重他们的土地，尽可能地建造与自然和谐相处的房子。A. in pursuit of追求；寻求；B. in response to对……做出回应；C. in harmony with与……和谐相处；D. in favor of支持；赞同。根据“The villagers possess a great respect for their land”可知，村民们非常尊重他们的土地，所以建造房屋时尽可能与自然和谐相处。故选C。 61．A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这一时刻是一个机会，可以建设一个更加敏锐的教科文组织，一个符合其雄心壮志和21世纪需求的更好的教科文组织。A. in tune with与……一致，符合……的调子或步调；B. in favor of赞成；C. at ease with和……相处不拘束；D. at expense of以……为代价。根据下文“its ambitions and in line with the needs of the 21st century”可知，建设一个更加敏锐的教科文组织，一个符合其雄心壮志和21世纪需求的更好的教科文组织。故选A。 62．C 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于国内没有任何动物园报告丢失美洲狮，这只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家的，不知怎么设法逃了出来。A. in possession of拥有；B. in case of以防；C. in the possession of由……拥有；D. in view of鉴于。根据“a private collector ”可知，此处表示“由一名私人收藏家所拥有”，故用in the possession of。故选C。 63．B 【解析】考查短语和主谓一致。句意：我认为是丹尼尔而不是你要负责任。more than多于；rather than而不是，other than除了，根据句意，此处表示“而不是”用rather than，分析句子可知，从句是强调句型“ it is Daniel, rather than you, that...”，主语Daniel，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故用is，故选B。 64．C 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：要教给孩子们尊敬每一个人，不管种族，性别还是年龄。A.in terms of就什么而言；B. as for至于；C. regardless of不顾，不管；D. in place of代替，根据“respect everyone”尊敬每一个人，不管种族，性别还是年龄。故选C。 65．D 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：小男孩不停地吵闹之后，老师的耐心到了极点。根据句型分析和句意分析可知，in the end“最终”，当作状语来用，一般放在句首或句末；be at an end“终结”，系表结构，表示一个状态。at the end后面需要接of，没有B项这种搭配。故选D项。 66．C 【解析】句意：这位著名厨师在为重要活动准备菜肴时，对油的温度和食材的新鲜度非常讲究。A. eager for渴望；B. keen on热衷于；C. particular about对……讲究/挑剔；D. opposed to反对。根据the temperature of oil and the freshness of ingredients可知，厨师对烹饪细节很讲究，particular about符合语境。 67．B 【解析】句意：当她最好的两个朋友吵架时，她发现自己夹在他们完全不同的意见之间。A. scared of害怕；B. sandwiched between夹在……之间；C. rooted in根植于；D. previous to在……之前。句中提到“her two best friends had a quarrel (她最好的两个朋友吵架)”以及“their completely different opinions(他们完全不同的意见)”，说明她处于两者之间左右为难。 68．C 【解析】句意：在当今的现代世界中，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法可能会让我们更接近获得个人幸福和满足感。A. comprised of由……组成；B. reluctant to不情愿；C. at ease with与……自在相处；D. with ease轻易地。根据“their ideas about living simply”可知，此处为简约生活亲近自然的语境，所以“和自然融洽共处”符合语境。 69．D 【解析】句意：他笔下恬淡安宁的生活与压抑的宫廷生活形成对比，并且批判宫廷生活。A. crucial to至关重要；B. aware of意识到；C. in favour of支持赞同；D. critical of批判。根据句中“calm and peaceful life”与“depressive court life”的对比关系可知，此处指对压抑的官场生活持批判态度。 70．A 【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：如果我能做些什么来让别人意识到这个问题，那么这就是解决方案的一部分。A. aware of意识到；B. curious about对……好奇；C. afraid of害怕；D. tired of厌倦。根据下文“the problem, then that’s part of the solution”可知，空处表示让其他人“意识到”问题，是解决方案的一部分，A选项符合句意。故选A。 71．C 【解析】句意：中国正在发展数字货币，这必然会对人们的生活产生巨大影响。A. be susceptible to易受……影响的；B. be relevant to与……相关的；C. be bound to必然；D. be prior to在……之前。根据语意，数字货币的发展必然会对人们的生活产生巨大影响，且空格后为动词原形have，be bound to后接动词原形，to为不定式符号，其它选项中的to均为介词。 72．B 【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我一开始不喜欢肥皂剧，但当我开始看了一部之后，我立刻就对它着迷了。A. married to与……结婚；B. addicted to沉迷于，对……上瘾；C. opposed to反对；D. resistant to抵抗，抵制。句中but表示转折，前文说起初不喜欢肥皂剧，转折后表达开始观看后沉迷其中，所以用addicted to。故选B。 73．B 【解析】考查介词和形容词短语辨析。句意：还有什么其他的业余活动能让你与自然融为一体，创造出更美丽的生物呢？A. close to接近；B. at one with与……一致，融为一体；C. in touch with与……有联系；D. connected to与……连接。根据句意以及“nature and create more beautiful living things”可知，此处指与自然融为一体，应用短语at one with。故选B项。 74．A 【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：她还没有习惯他是个大明星这个事实。A. accustomed to习惯于；B. tolerant of容忍；C. consistent with与……一致；D. concerned about关心。句子前半部分“She hadn’t yet become(她还没有变得……)”和后半部分“the fact that he was a big star(他是个大明星这个事实)”，说明句子要表达的是“她还没适应他是大明星这个事实”。故选A项。 75．B 【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：中国正在发展数字货币，这必然会对人们的生活产生巨大影响。A. is unlikely to不太可能（to为不定式符号）；B. is bound to 一定会，必然（to为不定式符号）；C. is subject to取决于，易遭受……影响（to为介词）；D. is prior to在……之前（to为介词）。根据have an enormous impact on people’s lives可知，中国发展数字货币必然影响人们的生活。故选B。 76．B 【解析】句意：他在演讲前非常紧张，以至于他嗓子发哑，几乎说不出话来。A. threw the baby out with the bathwater不分良莠一起抛弃；B. had a frog in his throat嗓子哑了，说话困难；C. jumped in with both feet不加思索地投入；D. had butterflies in his stomach心里七上八下，非常紧张。题干中包含“so... that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。根据句意及后文“could hardly say a word”可知，他紧张得嗓子发哑，导致几乎说不出话来。 77．B 【解析】句意：Cathy在全校师生面前即将发表演讲时心里发慌、紧张不安。A. rained cats and dogs下倾盆大雨；B. had butterflies in her stomach紧张不安、心里发慌；C. pulled her leg开玩笑、捉弄她；D. killed two birds with one stone 一石二鸟、一举两得。根据空后“when she was about to deliver a speech in front of the school(当她即将在全校师生面前发表演讲时)”可知，当众发表演讲这一情境往往会使人感到紧张焦虑，故空处应表示“心里发慌、紧张不安”，B选项符合句意。 78．B 【解析】句意：伟大的艺术作品确实跨越了几个世纪触动我们，仿佛时间本身算不上什么一样。A. even if即使；B. as though仿佛，好像；C. because因为；D. as soon as一……就……。根据“time itself were nothing”使用了虚拟语气可知，应用as though引导方式状语从句，表示与事实相反的假设。 79．A 【解析】句意：冬天，蛇在地下进入深度睡眠，它们看起来几乎像死了一样。 A. as good as几乎；B. as well as以及；C. so good as不如……好（通常用于否定句）；D. so well as 不如……好（通常用于否定句）。根据“snakes go into a deep sleep”可知，此处表达蛇冬眠时的状态“几乎像死了一样”，用as good as。 一、阅读理解 A When it comes to food waste, the statistics are shocking. Globally, one-third of all food produced is lost or wasted each year — 1.3 billion tons of perfectly edible food. In restaurants alone, a significant portion comes from ingredients routinely thrown away: vegetable peels, fish bones, and old bread. But a quiet change is now turning these “leftovers” into cooking treasures. At the center of this movement is “root-to-stem” cooking. Chefs in pioneering European restaurants have begun rethinking every part of an ingredient. Carrot peels become crispy decorations, fish bones are made into rich soups, and leftover bread is turned into tasty flavorings. The practice is not merely creative — it cuts kitchen waste significantly while lowering food costs. A 2024 study in the Journal of Culinary Science tracked 50 high-end restaurants across five countries. Over six months, kitchens adopting root-to-stem methods cut down food waste by 38% on average. More notably, 72% of surveyed customers expressed greater satisfaction, appreciating both the new dishes and the restaurants’ environmental efforts. Yet barriers exist. The study identified staff training as the single biggest obstacle, since making use of unconditional ingredients demands skills beyond traditional cooking. Some chefs also cited inconsistent supply of certain parts and longer preparation time. Nevertheless, customer demand for sustainable dining keeps rising, and industry experts predict waste-reduction practices will become standard. As one head chef put it, “We are not just cooking with leftovers. We are redefining what we consider valuable.” The idea is spreading from Copenhagen to Tokyo, signaling a fundamental change in perspective — one that may ultimately reshape how the world views food itself. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in the first paragraph? A．By quoting an expert’s opinion. B．By describing a cooking method. C．By comparing different food cultures. D．By presenting shocking global statistics. 2．What does the 2024 study in Paragraph 3 mainly show? A．Staff training is the biggest barrier. B．Customers prefer traditional dishes. C．Root-to-stem cooking reduces waste well. D．European restaurants are facing high costs. 3．What does the underlined word “cited” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Quit. B．Mentioned. C．Lost. D．Mixed. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The High Cost of Fine Dining B．The History of Root-to-Stem Cooking C．A Quiet Revolution: Cooking with “Leftovers” D．A Creative Movement: Rethinking “Food Waste” 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【解析】文章主要介绍了一种名为“从根到茎”的烹饪理念，餐馆将食材边角料变废为宝，减少食物浪费，同时阐述该做法的成效、现存阻碍以及发展前景。 1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“When it comes to food waste, the statistics are shocking. Globally, one-third of all food produced is lost or wasted each year — 1.3 billion tons of perfectly edible food.(谈及食物浪费，相关数据令人震惊。全球每年有三分之一的产出食品被损耗或浪费，也就是13亿吨完全可以食用的食物。)”可知，作者通过展示令人震惊的全球数据引出话题。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Over six months, kitchens adopting root-to-stem methods cut down food waste by 38% on average.(在六个月时间里，采用全食材利用烹饪法的厨房平均减少了38%的食物浪费。)”可知，这项2024年的研究表明“从根到茎”烹饪法能很好地减少浪费。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第四段“Yet barriers exist.(然而，障碍依然存在。)”及“Some chefs also cited inconsistent supply of certain parts and longer preparation time.(一些厨师还cited，某些食材边角料供应不稳定，且备餐耗时更长。)”可知，前文提到推行该烹饪方式存在障碍，本句是厨师列举、提出遇到的困难。由此推断cite在此处含义为“提及；举出”。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“But a quiet change is now turning these “leftovers” into cooking treasures.(但一场悄然发生的变革正把这些“边角废料”变成烹饪珍品。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种名为“从根到茎”的烹饪理念，餐馆将食材边角料变废为宝，减少食物浪费。最佳标题为“一场静悄悄的革命：用‘边角料食材’烹饪”。 B Protein-rich products from cereal to coffee are all over supermarket shelves, but mounting evidence in nonhuman animals suggests that cutting back on our intake could slow ageing and extend lifespan. According to the latest review of the evidence, “increasing protein in diets, beyond what’s needed, for sedentary (久坐的) individuals or animals leads to metabolic (新陈代谢的) issues and can lead to shorter lifespan”, says Dudley Lamming at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Lamming and his colleague Bailey Knopf reviewed more than 300 studies, mostly in sedentary mice and rats, which explored how restricting protein intake to the minimum needed for health affects ageing and lifespan. In these studies, the rodents (啮齿动物) generally either ate the US recommended minimum amount — 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight, or roughly twice that. In one notable study, rats that ate around the minimum protein intake lived for nearly 120 days, more than 50 percent longer than those that ate about double that. Lamming suggests this may be because protein restriction increases levels of the hormone FGF21. In rodents, this hormone acts on the brain, fat tissue and the liver to improve blood sugar levels and reduce the number of aging cells. These cells, which accumulate with age, have stopped dividing and cause long-term damage. Restricting protein intake has also been shown to suppress the activity of a protein called mTORC1 in mice. While mTORC1 ordinarily stimulates cell growth, reducing its activity boosts cellular repair. All this suggests that the recent trend to increase our protein intake is probably fine among people who exercise regularly, because they may need more protein to repair muscle damage, but eating more than is needed could be harmful. Beyond building muscle and preventing illness, there is mixed evidence on whether a higher protein intake helps with ageing. Donald Layman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign points out that protein metabolism in humans might be a different story. Protein restriction, therefore, may affect mTORC1 pathways differently between the different species, he says. 5．What can we infer from the first two paragraphs? A．High-protein diets are generally beneficial for most people. B．The US recommended minimum of protein needs to be doubled. C．Excess protein intake may be harmful to those physically inactive. D．Mounting human studies have been conducted about protein intake. 6．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Risk analysis. B．Research findings. C．Theoretical basis. D．Supporting techniques. 7．What is Donald Layman’s attitude towards the latest review? A．Approving. B．Cautious. C．Unconcerned. D．Opposed. 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Protein Intake: A Threat to Ageing B．Protein Intake: Vital in Physical Health C．Protein Restriction: A Sure Way to Longevity D．Protein Restriction: Promising in Long Lifespan 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．B 8．D 【解析】文章介绍研究表明适量限制蛋白质摄入有望延缓衰老、延长寿命，但该结论不适用于经常运动的人，且人类与动物的代谢情况存在差异。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“According to the latest review of the evidence, “increasing protein in diets, beyond what’s needed, for sedentary (久坐的) individuals or animals leads to metabolic (新陈代谢的) issues and can lead to shorter lifespan”, says Dudley Lamming at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的达德利・拉明表示：根据最新的证据综述，“对于久坐的人或动物而言，摄入超出身体所需的膳食蛋白质，会引发新陈代谢问题，还可能缩短寿命。”)”可知，久坐不运动的人摄入过量蛋白质可能有害健康。 6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In one notable study, rats that ate around the minimum protein intake lived for nearly 120 days, more than 50 percent longer than those that ate about double that.(在一项著名研究中，摄入最低蛋白质含量的老鼠寿命接近120天，比摄入双倍蛋白质的老鼠寿命长百分之五十以上。)”以及本段剩余内容可知，本段主要介绍相关研究结果与原理。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Donald Layman at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign points out that protein metabolism in humans might be a different story.(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的唐纳德・莱曼指出，人类的蛋白质代谢情况可能有所不同。)”可知，他不完全认同动物实验结论，态度谨慎。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Protein-rich products from cereal to coffee are all over supermarket shelves, but mounting evidence in nonhuman animals suggests that cutting back on our intake could slow ageing and extend lifespan.(从谷物到咖啡，富含蛋白质的产品摆满超市货架，但越来越多的动物实验证据表明，减少蛋白质摄入可以延缓衰老、延长寿命。)”可知，文章主要介绍限制蛋白质摄入有望延长寿命，同时说明该结论存在局限。所以D项“Protein Restriction: Promising in Long Lifespan(蛋白质限制：长寿的希望)”符合文意，可作为最佳标题。 C A powerful AI has recently made headlines after its existence was unintentionally revealed to have the ability to hack computers without punishment. Created by Anthropic, an AI giant, Mythos can identify cybersecurity (网络安全) flaws in seconds, leaving operating systems and software vulnerable to hackers (黑客). Anthropic claims that, if asked, Mythos can discover vulnerabilities in any software. However, under a program called Project Glasswing, Anthropic has decided to make it available to a selected group of tech and finance giants — including Amazon, Apple, Google, and Microsoft — so that they can detect any bugs in their own systems before someone else does. Meanwhile, members of a private online forum have also managed to gain access to the trial. Kevin Curran at Ulster University, UK, notes that the potential capabilities of Mythos have triggered alarm across the security industry, although researchers remain divided on how serious the threat actually is. Nevertheless, it seems that it isn’t time to panic yet. Bobby Holley at Firefox, one of the organizations given access to Mythos, wrote in a blog post that the model helped his team find 271 vulnerabilities in the company’s web browser, yet that none was so remarkably complex that a human analyst couldn’t have found. The UK’s AI Security Institute (AISI) has also investigated Mythos. In tests, it was found to be capable of attacking only small, weakly defended and vulnerable enterprise systems. No evidence was found that genuinely secure software or networks would be at risk. Still, the institute cautioned that such models are improving fast. Alan Woodward at the University of Surrey, UK, has a practical view — Mythos is not necessarily capable of finding vulnerabilities that a human wouldn’t, but it’s just so much faster, thorough and relentless. Hence, it’s finding vulnerabilities that humans have missed. In essence, “AI is making — and will continue to make — both hacking and defending from hackers easier”, he explains, “but those who ignore the technology will find themselves at a big disadvantage.” 9．What do we know about Mythos? A．It went public accidentally. B．It is available to netizens globally. C．It has brought more profits than expected. D．It has made headlines for its vulnerabilities. 10．What does Project Glasswing aim to do? A．Promote Mythos. B．Ease the panic over Mythos. C．Test Mythos’ capability. D．Help identify software bugs. 11．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．Mythos is no match for human experts. B．Mythos is no better than previous models. C．Panic over Mythos might be overestimated. D．Improvements of Mythos is needed for security. 12．Which of the following might Alan Woodward agree with? A．Mythos will replace human experts. B．Mythos is more reliable than human experts. C．Mythos’ high-efficiency makes it a valuable tool. D．Mythos puts humans at an independent disadvantage. 【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．C 【解析】本文主要介绍的是Anthropic公司开发的AI系统Mythos，该系统能够快速识别网络安全漏洞，引发了安全行业的关注与讨论，同时探讨了其对网络安全领域的影响。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“A powerful AI has recently made headlines after its existence was unintentionally revealed to have the ability to hack computers without punishment. (一款强大的AI最近成为头条新闻，因为它的存在被意外泄露，据称具有入侵计算机而不受惩罚的能力。)”可知，Mythos是意外被公开的。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, under a program called Project Glasswing, Anthropic has decided to make it available to a selected group of tech and finance giants — including Amazon, Apple, Google, and Microsoft — so that they can detect any bugs in their own systems before someone else does. (然而，在一个名为“Glasswing项目”的计划下，Anthropic决定将其提供给一组精选的科技和金融巨头——包括亚马逊、苹果、谷歌和微软——以便他们能在其他人之前检测到自己系统中的任何漏洞。)”可知，Project Glasswing旨在帮助识别软件漏洞。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Nevertheless, it seems that it isn’t time to panic yet. Bobby Holley at Firefox, one of the organizations given access to Mythos, wrote in a blog post that the model helped his team find 271 vulnerabilities in the company’s web browser, yet that none was so remarkably complex that a human analyst couldn’t have found. (然而，似乎还没到恐慌的时候。Firefox是获得Mythos使用权的组织之一，其员工Bobby Holley在一篇博客文章中写道，该模型帮助他的团队在公司网络浏览器中发现了271个漏洞，但没有一个复杂到人类分析师无法发现。)”以及“No evidence was found that genuinely secure software or networks would be at risk. (没有发现真正安全的软件或网络会面临风险的证据。)”可知，对Mythos的恐慌可能被高估了。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alan Woodward at the University of Surrey, UK, has a practical view — Mythos is not necessarily capable of finding vulnerabilities that a human wouldn’t, but it’s just so much faster, thorough and relentless. Hence, it’s finding vulnerabilities that humans have missed. (英国萨里大学的Alan Woodward持务实观点——Mythos不一定能够发现人类无法发现的漏洞，但它只是更快、更彻底、更不知疲倦。因此，它正在发现人类遗漏的漏洞。)”可知，Alan Woodward认为Mythos的高效率使其成为一种有价值的工具。 D At 23, fresh out of college, I felt terribly insecure in any group discussion. My opinions were frequently dismissed, so I resolved to rebuild myself. I picked up a copy of the New York Times every morning, hoping to absorb enough insight to sound intelligent. The first week was overwhelming — long articles on economic policy, climate change, and international affairs left me dizzy. I nearly gave up, but a persistent inner voice challenged me: if I couldn’t even digest the daily news, how could I survive the real world? Determined, I persisted, and slowly the fog lifted. I started recording short video clips to summarize my daily reading, treating them as personal learning diaries. Surprisingly, these rough and unedited videos gained unexpected popularity. Viewers wrote that my honest confusion and raw reactions made the heavy news more approachable. That moment was transformative — I realized that sharing my learning process, rather than faking expertise, created genuine connections with strangers who felt the same struggle. As my followers increased, I began to think about the deeper meaning behind this appeal. In an age dominated by polished social media stars, my imperfect presentations stood out because they were real. People long for authenticity, not performance. By openly admitting what I didn’t understand, I built a small community where questions were celebrated and curiosity awakened. This insight reshaped my understanding of confidence: it is not about knowing all the answers, but about having the bravery to explore uncertainties aloud with others. Now, reading the Times is more than a daily habit — it is my intellectual foundation. It has sharpened my critical thinking, enriched my vocabulary, and broadened my worldview. Meanwhile, it has given me a unique voice in conversations. I no longer avoid challenging topics; instead, I engage with modesty and clarity. The newspaper, once a source of anxiety, has become a faithful companion on my journey of growth. Ultimately, I’ve learned that every person, regardless of age, holds valuable perspectives worth sharing — if only they dare to speak up. 13．Why did the author turn to the New York Times? A．To pull herself together. B．To be a writer. C．To survive the real world. D．To record short videos. 14．What made the author’s videos popular? A．Genuine sincerity. B．Personal values. C．Perfect presentation. D．Editing expertise. 15．Which of the following might the author do next? A．Avoid challenging topics. B．Appreciate others’ perspectives. C．Abandon the habit of reading. D．Advocate recording short videos. 16．Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Accomplished and proud. B．Caring and persistent. C．Ambitious and optimistic. D．Modest and reflective. 【答案】13．A 14．A 15．B 16．D 【解析】文章主要讲述了作者通过坚持阅读《纽约时报》并分享真实学习过程，逐渐建立自信、收获成长的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My opinions were frequently dismissed, so I resolved to rebuild myself. I picked up a copy of the New York Times every morning, hoping to absorb enough insight to sound intelligent.(我的观点经常被忽视，所以我决心重塑自己。我每天早上拿起一份《纽约时报》，希望吸收足够的见解，让自己听起来有智慧。)”可知，作者转向《纽约时报》是为了重塑自己、振作起来。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Viewers wrote that my honest confusion and raw reactions made the heavy news more approachable. That moment was transformative — I realized that sharing my learning process, rather than faking expertise, created genuine connections with strangers who felt the same struggle.(观众写道，我诚实的困惑和真实的反应让沉重的新闻变得更通俗易懂。那一刻具有变革性——我意识到，分享我的学习过程，而不是假装专业，能与有同样挣扎的陌生人建立真正的联系。)”可知，作者视频受欢迎是因为真诚。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I no longer avoid challenging topics; instead, I engage with modesty and clarity.(我不再回避有挑战性的话题；相反，我以谦虚和清晰的态度参与其中。)”以及“Ultimately, I’ve learned that every person, regardless of age, holds valuable perspectives worth sharing — if only they dare to speak up.(最终，我明白了每个人，无论年龄，都拥有值得分享的宝贵观点——只要他们敢于发声。)”可知，作者认为每个人都拥有值得分享的宝贵观点，所以接下来可能会谦虚地欣赏他人的观点。 16．推理判断题。根据第三段中“By openly admitting what I didn’t understand, I built a small community where questions were celebrated and curiosity awakened. This insight reshaped my understanding of confidence: it is not about knowing all the answers, but about having the bravery to explore uncertainties aloud with others.(通过公开承认我不懂的东西，我建立了一个小社区，在那里问题受到鼓励，好奇心被唤醒。这一洞察重塑了我对自信的理解：自信不是知道所有答案，而是有勇气与他人一起探索不确定性。)”以及最后一段中“I engage with modesty and clarity.(我以谦虚和清晰的态度参与其中。)”可知，作者谦逊且善于反思。 二、完形填空 The sun was going down on a summer evening. At a crossing, cars were lined up waiting for the green light. A young man in a white shirt stood on the sidewalk. An old street cleaner was trying to 17 a heavy rubbish cart across the street. Bags filled it. The old man’s face was red with 18 . He moved slowly, one step at a time. The light was about to 19 green. The young man ran, 20 across the road, shirt pulled back in the wind. His 21 hit the ground hard. He got to the cart and 22 his hands on the back of it. He pushed and pushed. The old man, 23 , looked back. The cart moved faster with two of them. They made it across before the cars started moving. When they finally got to the other side, the old man thanked the young man 24 . His eyes were wet. The young man smiled and 25 , without saying a word. The old man stayed where he was. He put his cap back on straight, took a deep 26 , and then caught hold of the cart again, shoulders a little 27 . The young man was already gone, mixed in with the crowd. Nobody else had noticed it. The old man went on down the road. The crossing was filled with cars again. Maybe that was the 28 — the kindness, unseen by anyone else, continued to 29 — quiet, real, done. A small act of kindness can make a big 30 . Even the simplest action can brighten someone’s whole 31 . 17．A．push B．pull C．carry D．lift 18．A．effort B．anger C．relief D．pride 19．A．change B．appear C．remain D．turn 20．A．climbing B．dashing C．driving D．riding 21．A．sights B．focuses C．steps D．attentions 22．A．waved B．raised C．folded D．placed 23．A．surprised B．interested C．excited D．tired 24．A．directly B．ultimately C．sincerely D．frankly 25．A．shut down B．walked away C．gave up D．paid off 26．A．breath B．look C．chance D．break 27．A．lower B．weaker C．straighter D．stronger 28．A．solution B．point C．reason D．result 29．A．arise B．begin C．survive D．exist 30．A．difference B．promise C．decision D．breakthrough 31．A．mood B．inspiration C．world D．creativity 【答案】 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．A 31．C 【解析】文章讲述路口年轻人默默帮环卫工推车，诠释微小善意的温暖力量。 17．考查动词。句意：一位老环卫工人正试图把一辆沉重的垃圾车拉过马路。A. push推；B. pull拉；C. carry搬；D. lift抬起。根据第二段“He pushed and pushed.”可知，年轻人帮忙推车，说明老人原本是在拉车。 18．考查名词。句意：老人的脸因用力而涨得通红。A. effort努力，费力；B. anger愤怒；C. relief宽慰；D. pride骄傲。根据后文“He moved slowly, one step at a time.”可知，老人拉车很吃力，脸红是因为费力。 19．考查动词。句意：交通灯即将变绿。A. change改变；B. appear出现；C. remain保持；D. turn变成。根据前文“The light was about to”可知，交通灯即将由红变绿，turn green表示“变绿”。 20．考查动词。句意：年轻人跑着，冲过马路，衬衫在风中向后飘起。A. climbing攀爬；B. dashing猛冲；C. driving驾驶；D. riding骑行。根据前文“The young man ran”可知，年轻人是快速冲过马路。 21．考查名词。句意：他的脚步重重地踩在地上。A. sights视力；B. focuses焦点；C. steps脚步；D. attentions注意力。根据后文“hit the ground hard”可知，是脚步踩地。 22．考查动词。句意：他走到车后，把双手放在车背上。A. waved挥舞；B. raised举起；C. folded折叠；D. placed放置。根据后文“his hands on the back of it”可知，是把手放在车背上准备帮助推车。 23．考查形容词。句意：老人惊讶地回头看。A. surprised惊讶的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. excited兴奋的；D. tired疲惫的。根据语境，突然有人帮忙，老人感到惊讶。 24．考查副词。句意：当他们最终到达对面时，老人真诚地感谢了年轻人。A. directly直接地；B. ultimately最终；C. sincerely真诚地；D. frankly坦率地。根据前文“He got to the cart and  ________  his hands on the back of it. He pushed and pushed.”可知，老人被帮助后真诚感谢。 25．考查动词短语。句意：年轻人笑了笑，一言不发地走开了。A. shut down关闭；B. walked away走开；C. gave up放弃；D. paid off得到回报。根据后文“without saying a word”可知，年轻人没说话就离开了。 26．考查名词。句意：他重新戴正帽子，深吸了一口气，然后又抓住车，肩膀稍微挺直了。A. breath呼吸；B. look看；C. chance机会；D. break休息。根据前文“take a deep”可知，此处指深呼吸，固定搭配take a deep breath“深呼吸”。 27．考查形容词。句意：同上。A. lower更低；B. weaker更弱；C. straighter更直；D. stronger更强壮。根据前文“put his cap back on straight”可知，老人重新振作，肩膀更直了。 28．考查名词。句意：也许这就是意义所在——这份没人看见的善意，继续在生活里默默存在——安静、真实、实实在在。A. solution解决方案；B. point意义，要点；C. reason原因；D. result结果。根据后文“the kindness, unseen by anyone else”可知，此处是在解释善意的价值，也就是意义所在。 29．考查动词。句意：同上。A. arise出现；B. begin开始；C. survive幸存；D. exist存在。根据前文“unseen by anyone else”可知，善意不会因为没人看见就消失，它始终真实地存在于日常的小细节里。 30．考查名词。句意：一个小小的善举能产生很大的影响。A. difference不同；B. promise承诺；C. decision决定；D. breakthrough突破。根据前文“A small act of kindness can make a big”可知，小的善举能产生大的影响。固定搭配make a big difference，意为“产生很大影响”。 31．考查名词。句意：即使是最简单的行动也能照亮某人的整个世界。A. mood心情；B. inspiration灵感；C. world世界；D. creativity创造力。根据前文善举带来的积极影响可知，微小的善意能给他人带来极大的正向改变，点亮对方的整个生活世界。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During her cultural tour across China last summer, Italian video blogger Elisa traveled all the way to rural Fujian to explore the legendary Tulou, 32 precious UNESCO World Heritage site with a long history. She was greatly amazed at these unique earthen buildings, one of the most popular tourist 33 (attract) in southern China, and deeply impressed 34 their simple but valuable architectural designs, which 35 (admire) by professional architects across the world. 36 (build) hundreds of years ago by local Hakka people, these ancient structures bear simple but profound folk culture and warm community values. During her in-depth field visit, Elisa found these 37 (history) buildings protected and well-preserved by local villagers. Inside each Tulou are spacious yards and neat rooms, 38 serve local families as warm and safe living quarters. The orderly community life here fully showed the great wisdom of ancient Hakka people. To gain a genuine and thorough understanding of local traditions, Elisa 39 (decide) to stay in the quiet mountain village for several days. She 40 (active) communicated with local villagers and experienced their authentic daily life. Deeply touched by the unique local charm, she recorded a host of impressive videos during her stay, 41 (hope) to let Tulou culture spread widely among global cultural lovers. 【答案】 32．a 33．attractions 34．by/with 35．are admired 36．Built 37．historic 38．which 39．decided 40．actively 41．hoping 【解析】文章主要讲述了意大利视频博主Elisa在福建探索土楼并体验当地传统文化的经历。 32．考查冠词。句意‌：去年夏天意大利视频博主Elisa在中国文化之旅中，专程前往福建乡村探访传奇的土楼，一处有着悠久历史的珍贵联合国教科文组织世界遗产地。此处表示“一处珍贵的世界遗产”，precious以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表泛指。 33．考查名词复数。句意‌：她对这些独特的土建筑感到非常惊讶，这些建筑是中国南方最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，并对它们简单而有价值的建筑设计印象深刻，这些设计受到世界各地专业建筑师的赞赏。根据固定结构“one of+the+形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”，attract的名词为attraction，意为“景点”，此处表示“最受欢迎的旅游景点之一”，用复数形式。 34．考查介词固定搭配。句意‌：同上。根据固定搭配be impressed by/with，意为“对……印象深刻”，此处填入介词by/with。 35．考查时态语态。句意‌：同上。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，修饰先行词architectural designs，与admire为被动关系，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，综上所述，定语从句使用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些古老的建筑由当地客家人建于数百年前，承载着淳朴而深厚的民间文化和温暖的社区价值观。空处应用非谓语动词作状语；build与逻辑主语structures之间为被动关系，且表示完成，应用过去分词作状语，位于句首首字母需大写。 37．考查形容词。句意：在她深入的实地访问中，Elisa发现这些历史建筑受到当地村民的保护和妥善保存。根据空后的名词buildings可知，空处需用形容词作定语；history的形容词为historic，意为“历史上的”。 38．考查定语从句。句意：每个土楼内都有宽敞的庭院和整洁的房间，为当地家庭提供温暖安全的住所。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yards and rooms，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。 39．考查动词时态。句意：为了真正透彻地了解当地传统，Elisa决定在这个安静的山村住几天。空处为句子谓语；根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 40．考查副词。句意：她积极与当地村民交流，体验他们真实的日常生活。根据空后的动词communicated可知，空处需用副词修饰动词；active的副词为actively，意为“积极地”。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：她被当地独特的魅力深深打动，在逗留期间记录了许多令人印象深刻的视频，希望土楼文化在全球文化爱好者中广泛传播。句中已有谓语recorded，空处应用非谓语动词；hope与逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。 四、应用文写作 42．假定你是李华，你校课后服务课程正在征集增设新项目。请你给学校外籍课程负责人Mr. Smith写一封邮件，建议增设趣味体育课，内容包括： 1．你提议的项目； 2．阐述开设理由。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Smith, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’m writing to put forward a suggestion of adding fun sports courses to our school’s after-school programs. At present, most of our after-school courses focus on academic learning, leaving students little time for physical exercise. Setting up fun sports classes can effectively enrich our after-school life. It can not only help us relax and relieve study pressure, but also strengthen our physical fitness. In addition, various team sports in the courses can develop students’ teamwork spirit and enhance class cohesion, bringing multiple benefits to our all-round development. I sincerely hope that my suggestion can be taken into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【写作解析】 本篇书面表达要求考生给学校外籍课程负责人Mr. Smith写邮件，提出关于课后服务增设课程的建议并说明理由。 1.词汇积累 提出：put forward → propose 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 减轻：relieve → lessen 培养： develop→ cultivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Setting up fun sports classes can effectively enrich our after-school life. 拓展句：What can effectively enrich our after-school life is setting up fun sports classes. 【高分句型1】In addition, various team sports in the courses can develop students’ teamwork spirit and enhance class cohesion, bringing multiple benefits to our all-round development. (运用现在分词bringing作状语) 【高分句型2】I sincerely hope that my suggestion can be taken into consideration. (运用that引导的宾语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $