学考专题08 主谓一致：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题08 主谓一致 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 主谓一致的基本原则 知识点二 主谓一致的具体表现 练|巩固提升训练 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Agreement）指英语句子中谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。它是高考语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的隐性考点——主语是单数，谓语用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。 判定主谓一致必须遵循三大原则：语法一致（形式一致）、意义一致（意义一致）、就近一致（位置一致）。同一句中往往需要综合判断，先找真正的主语，再定谓语的单复数。 一、语法一致原则 语法一致指谓语动词的单复数由主语的语法形式决定：主语形式为单数，谓语用单数；主语形式为复数，谓语用复数。 （一）基本规则：单复数主语对应单复数谓语 单数名词、不可数名词、代词 he / she / it 等作主语时，谓语用单数；复数名词、代词 they / we / you 及并列主语作主语时，谓语用复数。 例句：The boy runs to school every day.（这个男孩每天跑着去上学。） 例句：The boys run to school every day.（这些男孩每天跑着去上学。） （二）附加成分不影响谓语 主语后接 with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等附加成分时，谓语只与真正的主语保持一致，与附加成分无关。 例句：The teacher together with his students is going to the museum.（老师和学生们打算去博物馆。） Nobody but Tom and Jack was in the classroom.（除了汤姆和杰克，教室里没有别人。） （三）and 连接的并列主语 1. 由 and 连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语用复数。 例句：Tom and Jack are good friends.（汤姆和杰克是好朋友。） 2. and 连接的两个名词指同一个人、同一事物或表示单一概念时，谓语用单数。 例句：The singer and dancer is popular with young people.（这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家很受年轻人欢迎。） Bread and butter is a traditional breakfast in the West.（黄油面包是西方传统的早餐。） （四）each/every/no + 单数名词 and each/every/no + 单数名词 each...and each...、every...and every...、no...and no... 连接的单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 例句：Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.（每个男孩和每个女孩都有受教育的权利。） （五）不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语 不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例句：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） Reading aloud is helpful to your English.（大声朗读对你的英语有帮助。） What she said at the meeting sounds reasonable.（她在会上说的话听起来有道理。） （六）定语从句中的主谓一致 1. 先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语用复数（指代复数名词）。 例句：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.（他是通过考试的学生之一。） 2. 先行词为“the only one of + 复数名词”或“the very one of + 复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语用单数（指代 one）。 例句：He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（他是学生中唯一通过考试的。） （七）more than one / many a + 单数名词 “more than one + 单数名词”与“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，谓语仍用单数。 例句：More than one student was against the plan.（不止一个学生反对这个计划。） Many a man has tried to climb the mountain.（许多人尝试过攀登那座山。） 二、意义一致原则 意义一致指谓语动词的单复数不由主语的语法形式，而由主语所表达的意义决定。 （一）集合名词：整体用单数，成员用复数 family, class, team, group, government, audience, public, club, company 等集合名词作主语时：强调整体时谓语用单数；强调其中的成员时谓语用复数。 例句：My family is a big one.（我的家庭是一个大家庭。） My family are all fond of music.（我家里人都喜欢音乐。） 注意：people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛群）等集合名词习惯上作复数用。 The police are searching for the thief.（警察正在搜捕那个小偷。） （二）复数形式、单数意义的名词 news, physics, mathematics, politics, economics, statistics 以及 the United States, the United Nations 等虽以 -s 结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语用单数。 例句：Physics is my favourite subject.（物理是我最喜欢的学科。） The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。） （三）单复数同形的名词 means, works（工厂）, series, species, crossroads 以及 deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese 等名词单复数同形，谓语形式由句中的限定词（a, this, every, all, these, several 等）决定。 例句：Every means has been tried.（每一种方法都试过了。） All possible means have been tried.（所有可能的方法都试过了。） （四）the + 形容词表一类人 “the + 形容词（或分词）”表示一类人时，如 the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind, the dead, the wounded，谓语用复数。 例句：The rich are not always happy.（富人并不总是幸福的。） （五）时间、距离、金钱、重量等作主语看作整体 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、度量等的复数名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语用单数。 例句：Ten years is a long time.（十年是一段很长的时间。） Five hundred dollars is enough for the trip.（五百美元足够这次旅行了。） （六）a number of 与 the number of “a number of + 复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语用单数。 例句：A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生正在操场上玩。） The number of students is 2,000.（学生的数量是两千。） （七）分数、百分数、不定代词 + of + 名词 “分数/百分数 + of + 名词”以及 all, most, half, some, none, the rest, part, plenty 等 + of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面的名词决定：名词不可数或为单数，谓语用单数；名词为复数，谓语用复数。 例句：Two thirds of the work has been done.（三分之二的工作已经完成。） Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.（三分之二的学生通过了考试。） Most of the water is polluted.（大部分水被污染了。） The rest of the books are on the desk.（其余的书在桌子上。） 三、就近一致原则 就近一致指谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。 （一）并列连词连接的主语 either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but, or 连接并列主语时，谓语与最近的那个主语一致。 例句：Either you or he is to blame for the accident.（要么是你要么是他应对这起事故负责。） Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（学生们和老师都不知道答案。） Not only the students but also their teacher likes the film.（不仅学生而且他们的老师都喜欢这部电影。） （二）there be 句型 there be 句型中 be 动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词保持一致。 例句：There is a pen, two books and a ruler on the desk.（桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和一把尺子。） （三）倒装句 在 Here/There 开头的倒装句以及“介词短语 + 谓语 + 主语”的完全倒装句中，谓语与后面的真正主语保持一致。 例句：Here comes the bus.（公共汽车来了。） In front of the house stands a tall tree.（房子前面有一棵高高的树。） 单句语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空） 1. The teacher together with his students ______ (be) going to visit the science museum tomorrow. 2. Bread and butter ______ (be) a popular breakfast in many western countries. 3. Every boy and every girl ______ (have) the right to receive education. 4. What she said at the meeting ______ (sound) reasonable. 5. He is the only one of the students who ______ (have) been to the Great Wall. 6. More than one student ______ (be) against the plan at that time. 7. The class ______ (be) taking notes when the teacher came in. 8. The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for different reasons. 9. Two hours ______ (be) not enough for such a long journey. 10. Either you or he ______ (be) to blame for the accident. 11. There ______ (be) a pen, two books and a ruler on the desk. 【答案】 1. is　2. is　3. has　4. sounds　5. has　6. was　7. were　8. was; were　9. is　10. is　11. is 【解析】 1. 考查“附加成分不影响谓语”。主语是 The teacher（单数），together with his students 是附加成分，谓语用 is。 2. 考查“and 连接单一概念”。Bread and butter（黄油面包）被看作一种食物，谓语用单数 is。 3. 考查“each...and each... 结构”。every...and every... 连接的单数主语谓语用单数 has。 4. 考查“主语从句作主语”。what 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数 sounds。 5. 考查“定语从句主谓一致”。先行词是 the only one of the students，强调“唯一的一个”，从句谓语与 one 一致，用单数 has。 6. 考查“more than one + 单数名词”。more than one student 意义上虽为复数，谓语仍用单数；at that time 提示一般过去时，用 was。 7. 考查“集合名词意义一致”。the class 在此强调班级成员（全班同学正在做笔记），谓语用复数 were。 8. 考查“the number of 与 a number of”。the number of 表示“……的数量”用单数 was；a number of 表示“许多”用复数 were。 9. 考查“时间看作整体”。two hours 被看作一个整体时间段，谓语用单数 is。 10. 考查“就近一致”。either...or 连接两个主语，谓语与最近的主语 he 一致，用单数 is。 11. 考查“there be 就近一致”。be 与最近的名词 a pen 一致，用单数 is。 1．Either you or one of your friends ________ to attend the meeting tomorrow. A．is B．are C．am D．be 2．There ________ great changes in our city in the past ten years. A．have been B．were C．are D．will be 3．There ________ a bridge over the river but now it’s gone. A．is B．has been C．used to be D．was used to be 4．________ Jack ________ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and D．Either; or 5．We hope there ________ a basketball match in our school next week. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．to be 6．________ my dad ________ my mom likes it. They prefer The Reader. A．Neither, nor B．Both; and C．Either; or D．Not only, but also 7．After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．was 8．Neither my father nor my mother ________ rock music. They think it’s too noisy. A．like B．likes C．liking D．to like 9．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ that it is necessary ________ more nature reserves for endangered animals. A．think; to build B．thinks; to build C．think; building D．thinks; building 10．Not only my sister but also I ________ fond of learning about foreign cultures. A．am B．is C．are D．be 11．There ________ a football match between Class One and Class Two this afternoon. A．will have B．is going to have C．will be D．are going to be 12．Not only the players but also the coach ________ responsible for the team’s success. A．am B．is C．are D．be 13．Look! Here ________ two photos of my classmates. A．is B．am C．are D．be 14．This listening material, together with its earphones, ________ well. A．sells B．sell C．is sold D．are sold 15．The teacher with his students ________ visit the Jianghai Park if it ________ tomorrow. A．is going to; doesn’t rain B．are going to; won’t rain C．is going to; won’t rain D．are going to; doesn’t rain 16．The music teacher as well as her students ________ the piano this time yesterday. A．play B．played C．were playing D．was playing 17．Healthy eating ________ regular morning exercises ________ good for an energetic person. A．as well as, is B．together with, are C．and, is D．along with, are 18．How heavy the rain is! Lily, with her parents, ________ the bus without umbrellas at the bus stop. A．is waiting for B．wait for C．are waiting for D．is waiting 19．Suzhou, together with its neighboring cities ________ a lot to improve public transport by now. A．have done B．has done C．is going to do D．are doing 20．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ gifts from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 21．Mary with her parents always ________ to a library after ________ dinner. A．go; having B．goes; having C．go; have D．goes; have 22．—Will you visit Yunlong Lake next week? —I as well as my sister ________ yet. We will discuss tonight. A．decide B．decided C．hasn’t decide D．haven’t decided 23．In my hometown, the old over 100 ________ not only by their families but also by the government. A．are taken good care B．are taken good care of C．is taken good care D．is taken good care of 24．The population of India ________ the largest in the world, and three quarters of its population ________ still living a hard life. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 25．It’s seven o’clock in the evening. My family ________ dinner. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having 参考答案 1．A 【解析】句意：要么你，要么你的一个朋友明天要参加会议。 在“either...or...”结构中，遵循就近原则，即谓语动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。在这个句子中，离谓语动词最近的主语是“one of your friends”，表示“你的朋友中的一个”，是单数形式，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。“is”是单数形式的be动词，符合语法规则。 2．A 【解析】句意：在过去十年里，我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。 have been已经发生（现在完成时）；were是（一般过去时）；are是（一般现在时）；will be将会是（一般将来时）。 in the past ten years是现在完成时的典型标志，现在完成时 there be句型结构为：There have/has been+名词，great changes是复数，所以用have been。 3．C 【解析】句意：这条河上曾经有一座桥，但现在没了。   is是（一般现在时）；has been已经有（现在完成时）；used to be过去曾经有；was used to be（语法错误）。根据“but now it’s gone（但现在没了）”的转折，前半句描述“过去存在、现在消失”的状态，“used to be”符合“过去常有的情况”的语境。应填“used to be”。 4．B 【解析】句意：不仅杰克，玛丽也说得一口流利的中文，所以他们能很好地与这些中国学生交流。 Neither; nor既不……也不……（表示否定）；Not only; but also不仅……而且……（表示肯定，强调两者都）；Both; and两者都（谓语动词用复数）；Either; or要么……要么……（表示选择）。根据后句“they can communicate very well”可知，杰克和玛丽都能很好地交流，说明两人中文都好，且谓语speaks是单数形式，应用Not only; but also（遵循就近原则），应填Not only; but also。 5．B 【解析】句意：我们希望下周我们学校将有一场篮球比赛。 will have将有；is going to be将会有；is going to have将有；to be是。本句是there be句型；结合“next week”可知，本句是一般将来时，there be句型的一般将来时结构为“there is/are going to be”或“there will be”，所以此处应该用is going to be。 6．A 【解析】句意：我爸爸和我妈妈都不喜欢它。他们更喜欢《朗读者》。 Neither...nor...既不……也不……；Both...and...两者都；Either...or...或者……或者……；Not only...but also...不但……而且……。根据“They prefer The Reader.”可知，他们都不喜欢“it”，所以这里表示“两者都不”，应填Neither; nor。 7．A 【解析】句意：经过大量练习，苏珊和我现在都不怕公开演讲了。 am是（主语为I）；is是（主语为单数）；are是（主语为复数/第二人称）；was是（is/am的过去式）。结合语句可知，neither…nor…连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的主语是I，时态为一般现在时，be动词用am。 8．B 【解析】句意：我爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢摇滚乐，他们觉得太吵了。 根据“Neither...nor...”可知，遵循就近原则，谓语动词的形式由“my mother”决定，用第三人称单数形式，所以填likes。 9．B 【解析】句意：不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也认为有必要为濒危动物建立更多的自然保护区。 not only ... but also ...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，离谓语最近的主语“their teacher”，是单数，故第一空用thinks；It is necessary to do sth是固定句型，意为“做某事是必要的”，故第二空用to build。 10．A 【解析】句意：不仅我姐姐而且我也喜欢学习外国文化。 “not only…but also…”连接主语时遵循“就近原则”，靠近谓语的主语是I，对应的be动词用am。 11．C 【解析】句意：今天下午一班和二班之间将有一场足球赛。 will have将拥有；is going to have将拥有；will be将有；are going to be将有（主语为复数）。根据时间状语this afternoon可知，应用一般将来时；题干为there be句型（不与have搭配），应用一般将来时there will be结构，主语a football match是单数，应填will be。 12．B 【解析】句意：不仅运动员，教练也对球队的成功负有责任。 not only... but also...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，即与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语the coach是第三人称单数，故用is。 13．C 【解析】看！这儿有两张我同学的照片。   考查主谓一致。根据“Here ... two photos of my classmates.”可知，此句是倒装句。主语是“two photos”，为复数形式，因此be动词要用复数形式are。故选C。 14．A 【解析】句意：这个听力材料连同它的耳机卖得很好。 当together with连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”，在本题中前面的主语是“This listening material”，为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且此处表示“卖得好”，用主动形式表被动意义，应填sells。 15．A 【解析】句意：如果明天不下雨，那位老师和他的学生们将去参观江海公园。 当主语中出现with 时，谓语动词应与with前面的主语保持一致，即与The teacher 保持一致。  The teacher是单数，所以第一空应填is going to。当主句是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，所以第二空应用doesn’t rain。 16．D 【解析】句意：昨天这个时候，音乐老师以及她的学生们正在弹钢琴。 根据时间状语this time yesterday可知，句子时态为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；又因为主语中含有as well as，谓语动词遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词与前面的The music teacher保持一致。故选D。 17．A 【解析】句意：健康饮食和定期晨练对一个精力充沛的人是有好处的。 as well as/together with/along with连接两个主语时，遵循“就远原则”，前面的主语是“Healthy eating”，动名词短语，是单数概念，be动词用is，排除B、D，选项A正确；and连接并列的主语时，be动词用are，C项错误。 18．A 【解析】句意：雨下得多大啊！莉莉和她的父母没有带雨伞在公交车站等公交车。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“How heavy the rain is!”可知，此处表示此时正在下雨，所以莉莉和她的父母正在等公交车，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+doing”；wait for表示“等待”，为固定搭配；主语“Lily”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is。故选A。 19．B 【解析】句意：苏州及其周边城市到目前为止已经做了很多工作来改善公共交通。 主语核心词是“Suzhou”，“together with”连接的部分不能作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式，排除选项A、D；时间状语“by now”意为“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用，排除选项C。故选B。 20．A 【解析】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。结果，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此的礼物。 考查时态和主谓一致。have got已经收到，复数；has got已经收到，单数；gets收到，单数；were getting正在收到，过去进行时。主语是“all my classmates except him”，其中“except him”是介词短语，不影响主语的数，谓语动词的单复数遵从“就远原则”，真正的主语是“all my classmates”，为复数形式，时态为现在完成时，强调已经收到礼物的结果。故选A。 21．B 【解析】句意：玛丽和她的父母总是在晚饭后去图书馆。 考查主谓一致以及非谓语动词。with连接两个并列主语时，句子遵循就远原则，主语“Mary”为第三人称单数，且根据“always”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，所以第一个空应填动词的第三人称单数形式“goes”；第二个空前的“after”为介词，其后应接动名词“having”作宾语。故选B。 22．D 【解析】句意：——你下周要去云龙湖吗？——我和我姐姐还没决定。我们今晚再商量。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据时间状语“yet (还、仍)”可知，此句时态应用现在完成时； “as well as”连接两个主语时，谓语动词需与距离谓语较远的那个主语，即“I”保持一致；又因为“I”为第一人称，所以助动词应用have，否定形式为haven’t，动词“decide”的过去分词为decided。故选D。 23．B 【解析】句意：在我的家乡，100岁以上的老人不仅被他们的家人照顾得很好，而且也被政府照顾得很好。 考查主谓一致和动词短语。主语“the old over 100”指“100岁以上的老人们”，为复数概念，谓语需用复数are；固定短语“take good care of”意为“好好照顾”，在被动语态中需保留介词of。故选B。 24．B 【解析】句意：印度的人口是世界上最多的，且其中四分之三的人口仍过着艰苦的生活。 考查主谓一致。根据“The population of India…the largest”可知，指某个国家的人口时，population是不可数名词，因此be动词应用is；根据“three quarters of its population”可知，指这个人口中的一部分人时，强调个体，此时be动词应用are。故选B。 25．D 【解析】句意：现在是晚上七点。我的家人正在吃晚餐。 考查现在进行时及be动词辨析。结合语境及“It’s seven o’clock in the evening”可知，该句描述的是现在晚上七点钟我的家人们正在做的事情，时态应为现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are doing sth.”，且主语“My family”在该句中表示“家庭成员”，意为我的“家人们”正在吃饭，应视为第三人称复数形式，be动词应用are，have的现在分词形式为having。故选D。 训练 一、单项选择 1．Neither small mistakes nor great pressure ________ able to stop us from moving forward. A．is B．are C．were D．be 2．— Do you know ________ a wonderful match and two basketball matches on July 15th? — Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day. A．there will be B．there is going to have C．there are going to be D．is there going to be 3．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ invited to attend the opening ceremony yesterday. A．are B．is C．was D．were 4．________ Tony ________ Frank likes the CD．They think the music is too noisy. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 5．In the past, there ______ large amounts of land ______ China. A．was; belongs to B．were; belonging to C．were; belongs to D．was; belonging to 6．Recently, not only the students but also the professor ________in the study of the latest scientific theory. A．has absorbed B．have absorbed C．has been absorbed D．have been absorbed 7．— How many students are there in your class? — ________ the students in our class is 45. And half of them ________ boys. A．The number of; are B．A number of; are C．The number of; is D．A number of; is 8．In our grade, ________ number of English teachers is about fifty. And most of them are ________. A．the; women teachers B．a; women teachers C．the; woman teachers D．a; woman teachers 9．The number of online courses offered by the university ________ by 30% this year. A．has increased B．has been increased C．have increased D．have been increased 10．Large amounts of food ________ to the earthquake-stricken area in the past few weeks. A．has been transported B．have been transported C．were transported D．are transported 11．The number of people who ________ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ________ at the moment. A．have; is increasing B．has; are increasing C．have; have increased D．has; is increasing 12．Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 13．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, ________ have been read hundreds of times previously. A．all of whom B．each of whom C．all of which D．each of which 14．Two-thirds of the audience ________ attracted by the movie. One minute they burst into ________ and the next they laughed. A．were; crying B．were; tears C．was; tear D．was; cry 15．The medical team ________ 12 doctors, most of ________ are from Guangzhou First People’s Hospital. A．is made up of; them B．is made up of; whom C．made up of; whom D．made up of; who 16．________ practicing every day ________ necessary for athletes. A．Keeping; is B．Keep; is C．Keeping; are D．To keep; are 17．About ________ of the students in this city ________ to school by bus. A．three quarter; go B．three quarters; go C．three quarters; goes 18．The environment here is better now because ________ of the land ________ covered with plants. A．three fourth; is B．three fourths; is C．three fourths; are D．three fourth; are 19．At present, more than one book on traditional Chinese culture _________ in the school library to enrich students’ after-class knowledge reserve. A．are displayed B．is displaying C．are being displayed D．is being displayed 20．While the idea behind this experiment _________ in our group, it was suggested to us by our teacher that we try something similar. A．discussed B．was being discussed C．had discussed D．had been discussed 21．The teacher as well as the students ______ satisfied with the result of the match. A．have been B．had been C．were D．was 22．—What did your teacher say to you just now? —He told me that two thirds of the earth______ with water. A．is covering B．are covering C．was covered D．is covered 23．Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 24．It is reported that more than 70% of water ________ in the past five years. A．was polluted B．were polluted C．have been polluted D．has been polluted 25．Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 26．Not only Jim but also his sister_________ a few cities in the south since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 27．Neither you nor he ________ trouble settling the problem, but what worries us ________ whether you can adapt yourself to your new life. A．has; is B．has; are C．have; is D．have; are 28．Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 29．Over the past 3 years, more than one book about space exploration ________ all over the world. A．were published B．was published C．have been published D．has been published 30．—Three hours ________enough for a boy to read books every week. —But my son never reads though he’s already 11 years old. A．is B．has C．are D．have 二、翻译 31．今年的游客数量是去年的三倍。（汉译英，使用倍数表达法）   ________________________________________________ 32．不仅父母，而且老师也认为年轻人应该有机会参与制定规则。（not only ... but also；就近原则）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 33．这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 (There be 句型) （汉译英） _____________________________________ 34．不是我就是他要去实验室。（用either... or...结构表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 35．据报道，庙会的游客数量已经翻倍。（汉译英，使用“It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句”句型） ________________________________________________ 36．如图所示，在手机上阅读的人数正在上升。(as引导非限制性定语从句； on the rise) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 37．做这种工作既有危险性也有挑战性。(both... and... ) (汉译英)   ________________________________________________ 38．Tom非常着急，有力地敲打Henry 的房门。(so...that)(汉译英) _________________________________________________ 39．有无数的文章告诉我们互联网是如何使我们的生活更加便利。（there be句型；make+宾语+宾补）(汉译英) _________________________________________________ 40．学校图书馆和这些书店都没有我需要的那本参考书。(neither... nor...) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、 1．A 【解析】句意：无论是小错误还是巨大压力，都无法阻止我们前进。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，neither...nor...连接并列主语时遵循就近原则，谓语与靠近be动词的主语great pressure保持一致，great pressure是不可数名词，故用is。 2．A 【解析】句意：——你知道7月15日将有一场精彩的比赛和两场篮球赛吗？——是的。我打算那天去看它们。动词know后接宾语从句，从句需使用陈述句语序，结合时间状语on July 15th，此处表示将来，应使用一般将来时，there be句型表示“某地/某时有某物”，不能与have连用，且根据a wonderful match and two basketball matches可知，there be句型遵循就近原则，be动词的单复数由离它最近的主语a wonderful match决定，故用单数形式，即there is going to be或there will be。 3．C 【解析】句意：昨天不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也被邀请参加开幕式。结合句中的时间状语yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时。本句由“not only...but also...”连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与靠近的单数主语their teacher保持一致，be动词用was。 4．A 【解析】句意：托尼和弗兰克都不喜欢这张唱片。他们认为这首曲子太吵了。Neither...nor既不……也不；Either...or或者……或者；Both...and两者都；Not only...but also不但……而且。根据后一句“They think the music is too noisy.”可知，二人全都不喜欢，同时“neither...nor”遵循就近原则，谓语动词随靠近的主语用单数likes。 5．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：过去，有大量的土地属于中国。根据in the past可知，句子为一般过去时；there be句型中主语large amounts of land是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式；第二空作后置定语修饰land，belong to“属于”没有被动语态，故用现在分词作定语。故选B。 6．C 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态和主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅学生而且教授都在专心研究最新的科学理论。“sb. be absorbed in”，固定短语，意为“全神贯注于”，因此这里应是被动结构，同时结合“Recently”可知，这里用现在完成时被动结构“have/has been done”；且主语“not only the students but also the professor”为“not only A but also B”结构，在主谓一致方面采用就近原则，即与“the professor”第三人称单数保持一致，谓语动词也是单数形式，即“has been absorbed”。故选C项。 7．A 【解析】句意：——你们班有多少名学生？——我们班学生的数量是45名，而且其中一半是男生。 “the number of+复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，与句中的is一致，故第一空填The number of；“half of+代词/名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后的代词或名词，句中them指代复数名词students，故谓语动词需用复数形式are。 8．A 【解析】句意：在我们年级，英语老师的数量大约是五十人，并且他们中大多数是女老师。 the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of表示“许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。根据句中的谓语动词“is”可知，第一空应填the。由“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词变复数时，两个词都要变成复数形式，所以“女老师”的复数应为women teachers。 9．A 【解析】句意：今年该大学提供的在线课程数量增加了30%。 “the number of + 复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，排除C项和D项；increase表示“增加”时可作不及物动词，此处表示数量的自然增长，需用主动语态，排除B项。 10．B 【解析】句意：在过去的几周里，大量的食物被运往地震灾区。根据时间状语“in the past few weeks”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，“large amounts of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由“amounts”决定，需使用复数形式，且“food”与“transport”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，需使用被动语态，因此，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态复数形式。 11．A 【解析】句意：目前，农村地区能够使用高速互联网的人数正在增加。“who ________ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas”为定语从句，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，修饰先行词people，people为复数名词，定语从句谓语动词应用原形have。主句主语为The number of people，“the number of + 复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式，且根据句末的时间状语at the moment（目前）可知，此处表示现在正在发生的动作，主句应用现在进行时，第二空填is increasing。 12．D 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不幸的是，在过去几年中帝王蝶的数量减少了 90%。分析句子可知，句中存在时间状语in the last few years，因此时态使用现在完成时，且主语the monarch’s population是单数，跟谓语动词是主动关系，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has crashed。故选D项。 13．C 【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅旧杂志，这些杂志以前都被读过数百次了。分析句子结构，先行词old magazines后面是一个非限制性定语从句，应用which引导。all(所有)作主语时，若指代复数名词，谓语动词用复数，而若指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；each(每个)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据后面的have可知，这里应用all of which引导，all指代magazines，为复数。故选C。 14．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和固定短语。句意：三分之二的观众被这部电影吸引了。他们前一分钟大哭起来，后一分钟又大笑起来。第一空“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定，此处为audience谓语用复数；第二空表示“突然哭起来”短语为burst into tears。故选B。 15．B 【解析】考查动词短语和定语从句。句意：医疗队由12名医生组成，其中大部分来自广州市第一人民医院。动词短语be make up of意为“由……组成”，是主句谓语动词，主语The medical team是集体名词，视为整体，谓语动词用单数is made up of；“most of ________ are from Guangzhou First People’s Hospital”是定语从句，修饰先行词12 doctors，指人，关系词将其代词定语从句中作宾语，用宾语关系代词whom。故选B项。 16．A 【解析】句意：每天坚持练习对运动员来说是必要的。动名词或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。第一空用动名词Keeping作主语，构成keep doing sth.（坚持做某事）的固定搭配；第二空谓语动词用单数is。 17．B 【解析】句意：这个城市大约四分之三的学生乘公共汽车去上学。“四分之三”可表达为three quarters；当分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词，students为复数，因此谓语动词用原形go。 18．B 【解析】句意：这里的环境现在更好了，因为四分之三的土地都被植物覆盖了。分数表达方式为“分子用基数词，分母用序数词”，当分子大于1时，分母的序数词要加-s，故“四分之三”表达为three fourths；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定，land为不可数名词，be动词用is。 19．D 【解析】句意：目前，学校图书馆正在展出不止一本关于中国传统文化的书，以丰富学生的课后知识储备。根据句首的时间状语“At present”可知，句子表示目前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；主语“more than one book”与动词“display”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；同时，“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词习惯上采用单数形式。因此，此处应使用现在进行时的被动语态的单数形式“is being displayed”。 20．B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们小组讨论这个实验背后的想法时，我们的老师建议我们尝试类似的东西。空处在while引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，根据主句的谓语动词was suggested可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，结合句意，此处表示的是“我们正在讨论实验背后的想法时”，从句应用过去进行时，主语the idea与discuss之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语the idea为单数，be动词使用was，即was being discussed。故选B项。 21．D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老师和学生都对比赛的结果感到满意。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，as well as连接并列主语时，后面的谓语动词根据前面的主语来确定，即根据The teacher来确定，The teacher是单数，因此空格处是was，故选D。 22．D 【解析】考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：——你的老师刚才对你说了什么？——他告诉我，地球的三分之二被水覆盖。结合“地球的三分之二被水覆盖”可知，that引导的宾语从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语 two thirds of the earth与 cover“覆盖”为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数形式，be动词用is。故选D。 23．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：莉莉也想读这部科幻小说，所以你读完后请给她。设空处为从句谓语，根据句意可知，此处是你读完这本书后，把它给莉莉，强调的是动作的完成，应用现在完成时，主语you，助动词使用have。故选A。 24．D 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，在过去的五年里，超过70%的水被污染了。主语more than 70% of water与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，根据后文in the past five years可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，助动词用has。故选D。 25．D 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。 26．B 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：来到中国后，不仅吉姆，他的妹妹也参观了南方的几个城市。since引导的时间状语从句是现在完成时的标志之一，主句应用现在完成时，可排除C、D两项；not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即由but also后的名词或代词来决定谓语动词的形式。此处由but also后的主语his sister可知， 应选has visited。故选B 27．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：你和他解决这个问题都没有困难，但让我们担心的是你能否适应新生活。but前面分句的主语是Neither...nor...连接的主语，谓语应和后面的he保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。but后面分句的主语是what引导的主语从句，所以谓语应用单数形式。故选A。 28．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，但他们对这个国家很了解。A. has gone to去了某地，还未回来；B. has been to去过某地；C. have gone to去了某地，还未回来；D. have been to去过某地。结合语意，吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，空处应用短语have been to，neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，连接并列单词作主语时，谓语动词的数采取就近原则，Tom是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，即has been to。故选B项。 29．D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的三年里，不止一本关于太空探索的书在世界各地出版。根据时间状语“Over the past 3 years”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语 more than one book和publish为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为more than one book，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选D。 30．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——一个男孩每周读三个小时的书就足够了。——但是我儿子已经11岁了，却从来不读书。此处主语Three hours是一个整体概念，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用单数。故选A。 二、 31．The number of visitors this year is three times as large as last year’s. 【解析】考查倍数表达法、名词所有格和比较结构。本题要用倍数表达法进行翻译，句子陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时；“今年的游客数量”作主语，译为“The number of visitors this year”，该结构作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式；表达“是……的三倍” 用固定倍数句型is three times as large as；“去年的”指去年的游客数量，用名词所有格last year’s结构表示以避免重复。 故翻译为The number of visitors this year is three times as large as last year’s. 32．Not only the parents but also the teacher believes that young people should have a say in making rules. 【解析】“不仅……而且”表达为not only...but also，该结构连接并列主语时需遵循就近原则，故Not only the parents but also the teacher的谓语应用单数；“认为”表达为believe；“年轻人”表达为young people；“应该有机会参与”表达为should have a say in，“制定规则”表达为make rules，使用动名词作介词宾语。句子时态为一般现在时，描述普遍的共识性观点。 33．There is a music teacher and an art teacher at the school. 【解析】表示“有”使用There be句型，该句型遵循就近一致原则，即be动词的单复数由距离它最近的名词决定，“一名音乐老师和一名美术老师”译为a music teacher and an art teacher，作主语，离be动词较近的主语是a music teacher，描述事实使用一般现在时，故be动词使用is，“这个学校”译为at the school作地点状语，放在句末符合英语表达习惯。 34．Either I or he is to go to the lab. / Either he or I am to go to the lab. 【解析】根据句意，可知描述的是将要发生的事情，用一般将来时，“不是……就是……”用固定结构either... or...连接两个主语；根据就近原则，either I or he作主语时，谓语动词与he保持一致，be动词用is；either he or I作主语时，谓语动词与I保持一致，be动词用am；“要去”用be to do结构表示将来的安排或计划；“实验室”表示为the lab，作go to的宾语。 35．It has been reported that the number of visitors to the temple fair has doubled. 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。根据题目要求使用“It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句”句型，句子强调“游客数量翻倍”这一动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，“据报道”用“It has been reported that...”；“……的数量”用固定搭配“the number of”，“游客”译为visitors,“庙会”译为“the temple fair”，“the number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，“翻倍”应用“has doubled”表示。故翻译为：It has been reported that the number of visitors to the temple fair has doubled. 36．As is shown in the chart, the number of people reading on smartphones is on the rise. 【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句、名词和现在分词作后置定语以及介词短语和动词时态。表示“如……所示”应用as引导的非限制性定语从句As is shown，表示“图表”应用名词chart，表示“……的数量”应用短语the number of...，作主语，谓语动词用单数，此处表示客观陈述，应用一般现在时，表示“在上升”应用短语on the rise，表示“手机上阅读”应用read on the smartphones，与 people之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作后置定语，故翻译为As is shown in the chart, the number of people reading on smartphones is on the rise。 37．Doing this kind of work is both dangerous and challenging. 【解析】考查动名词、连词和形容词。表示“做这种工作”为主语，用动名词，翻译为Doing this kind of work；动名词作主语，谓语动词看成单数，且句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“既有危险性也有挑战性”用both…and…并列两个形容词dangerous“危险的”和challenging“有挑战性的”。故翻译为Doing this kind of work is both dangerous and challenging. 38．Tom was so anxious that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently./ So anxious was Tom that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently. 【解析】考查结果状语从句，固定短语，时态，部分倒装和主谓一致。句子可理解为“Tom如此着急，以至于他有力地敲打Henry的房门”，“如此……以至于……”用so...that...引导的结果状语从句，“着急的”是anxious，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，主语Tom是单数，其后的be动词用was，“有力地”是violently，“敲打”是knock at，时态用一般过去时，knock用过去式，“Henry的房门”是the door of Henry’s home，因此整句话翻译为“Tom was so anxious that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently”。句子也可将So anxious置于主语前面，构成部分倒装句，把was提前到主语Tom的前面，因此句子也可以是“So anxious was Tom that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently”。故答案为Tom was so anxious that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently./So anxious was Tom that he knocked at the door of Henry’s home violently. 39．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. 【解析】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实，全句使用一般现在时，表示“有无数的文章” 为 there are countless articles，位于句首单词，首字母需大写，其中articles 作主语；表示“告诉我们”为tell us作后置定语修饰名词 articles，articles与tell之间是主动关系，所以使用现在分词telling，表示“互联网是如何使我们的生活更加便利的”作 telling的宾语，是一个由how引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，表示“互联网”为 the Internet 作主语，表示 “使……更加便利”为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，结合句意表示动作已经发生并对现在造成影响，所以从句使用现在完成时，所以宾语从句谓语动词为has made，表示“我们的生活”为our lives作宾语，表示“更加便利”为more convenient作宾补。 40．Neither the school library nor these bookstores have/had the reference book I need/needed. 【解析】考查并列结构、定语从句。表示“学校图书馆”用the school library，表示“这些书店”用these bookstores，“neither... nor...”表示“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与靠近的主语保持一致，此处靠近的主语是these bookstores，为复数，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形have，若描述过去发生的事情，也可用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式had；表示“我需要的”用定语从句“I need/needed”来修饰先行词“the reference book”，关系词在从句中作宾语，可省略关系代词that/which。故翻译为Neither the school library nor these bookstores have/had the reference book I need/needed. 一、阅读理解 A Science fiction is gradually turning into reality. Researchers at Zhejiang University have developed stable self-luminous (自发光) plants, a sustainable technology that brings new possibilities for ecological construction and urban development. The study originated from a scientific inquiry. Unlike some animals and tiny living creatures that can produce light naturally, common plants lack the ability of self-luminescence. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants had obvious limitations. Firefly-gene-based systems needed expensive external chemicals and only produced weak light, while bacterial luminescence tools limited plant growth and applied to few plant species. To overcome these drawbacks, the team drew on the luminescence mechanism of glowing mushrooms and achieved a key breakthrough. They introduced four optimized enzyme (酶) genes into plant genomes. Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth. To improve brightness and stability, the team put forward a “supply increase and loss reduction” approach. They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid. The upgraded second-generation plants are over 20 times brighter than the original versions, and removed leaves can remain luminous for three days, marking a major practical breakthrough. This innovative technology has rosy practical prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social and scientific development. 1．What matters most for the plants’ steady light production? A．The recycling of caffeic acid. B．The release of external chemicals. C．The efficiency of enzymes in plants. D．The duration of enzymatic reactions. 2．What did the researchers do to lower caffeic-acid consumption? A．Limit the natural growth of plant leaves. B．Upgrade the luminous brightness of plants. C．Adopt the technique of genetic engineering. D．Regulate inner biological processes of plants. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Potential application of the findings. D．Adjustment to research for sustainability. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Inspiration From Glowing Mushrooms B．Self-luminous Plants: A Scientific Breakthrough C．Various Strategies to Make Plants Give Off Light D．Caffeic Acid: An Essential Substance for Plant Light 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文介绍浙江大学的研究团队取得的一项科研突破——稳定自发光植物。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth.(依靠咖啡酸（一种几乎所有植物中都有的天然物质），植物可以通过酶促反应产生绿光。反应产物可被回收为咖啡酸，从而实现持续稳定的发光，无需额外能源或化学输入，且不会影响植物的正常生长。)”可知，咖啡酸的循环利用是植物持续稳定发光的关键。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid.(他们构建了新的生物途径以生成更多发光物质，并采用机器学习分析来阻断消耗咖啡酸的内部生物反应。)”可知，研究人员通过调控植物内部的生物过程来降低咖啡酸消耗。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This innovative technology has rosy practical prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social and scientific development.(​这项创新技术拥有光明的应用前景。它以极低的能耗将太阳能转化为生物光，有望替代部分传统照明并减少电力浪费。它还可广泛应用于城市景观和文化旅游产业。此外，其稳定的发光信号可支持追踪生物变化的生物医学研究，为社会和科学的发展提供可持续的解决方案。)”可知，本段主要阐述了该研究成果的潜在应用。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇点明“Researchers at Zhejiang University have developed stable self-luminous (自发光) plants, a sustainable technology(浙江大学研究人员已研发出稳定的自发光植物，这是一项可持续技术)”，随后详细介绍了其原理、技术突破及实际应用。B选项“Self-luminous Plants: A Scientific Breakthrough(自发光植物：一项科学突破)”准确概括了文章的核心内容。 B Growing up in Toledo, a place lacking mountain views or clean lakes, I never had access to pure grand nature. My fondness of nature took root while gardening with my mom, who taught me to care for the plants that sustain bees and butterflies. As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a wildlife conservationist. In my second year of high school, my mom gave me a pink moth orchid (蝴蝶兰). Every day, I would spray its leaves, even though school was hard — classmates laughed at me for my torn skirt and my family’s old, broken car. But at home, my orchid waited for me. Then one day, its petals (花瓣) began to fall, and soon my beautiful orchid stood barren. Years later, I was accepted to Stanford, where I intended to study environmental science. Guilt, however, soon took over. My family was struggling back home, and I worried I couldn’t help them with a conservationist’s modest salary. So I switched to electrical engineering. But I felt barren. I had abandoned the kid who loved nature. Though I didn’t quit engineering, I decided to make a change. I founded a service group to help low-income students and assist local nonprofits by modernizing their technology and websites. I went on my first backpacking trip through a program and found a part of me that needed to explore mountains and forests. Now, I live in Tranco, a dorm dedicated to outdoor exploration and sustainability. We planted gardens, discussed environmental issues, and went on weekend hikes. I began exploring nature in ways I never could back home. Little by little, I watered the parts of me I didn’t want to lose. Over the summer, I went back home and visited my orchid. It is still there, waiting for me. It has one flower on it. It has lost its petals many times, but with enough water and care, it can always bloom again. 5．What inspired the author’s passion for nature? A．The pure grand nature. B．Her interest in insects. C．The garden work with her mother. D．The dream of being a conservationist. 6．What does the underlined word “barren” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bored. B．Embarrassed. C．Empty. D．Frightened. 7．What did the author do to change her life at Stanford? A．Go outside to explore nature. B．Water flowers to find herself again. C．Found a group on environmental issues. D．Work for nonprofits with poor students. 8．What message does the text convey? A．Our passion often gives way to reality. B．With constant care, one can grow again. C．Following one’s dream leads to happiness. D．Family support helps overcome difficulties. 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 【解析】文章主要讲述作者从小和母亲打理花园从而爱上自然，高中时蝴蝶兰凋零，进入斯坦福大学后因现实放弃环境科学专业，内心变得空洞，后来主动做出改变、重新亲近自然，借蝴蝶兰历经凋零仍能再次绽放的故事，表达悉心滋养便能再次成长的人生感悟。 5．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“My fondness of nature took root while gardening with my mom, who taught me to care for the plants that sustain bees and butterflies.(我对大自然的喜爱，是在和妈妈一起打理花园的时候生根发芽的，妈妈教我照料那些供养蜜蜂和蝴蝶的植物。)”可知，和母亲一起打理花园激发了作者对自然的热爱。 6．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“But I felt barren. I had abandoned the kid who loved nature.(但我感到barren。我抛弃了那个热爱自然的自己。)”可知，作者感觉抛弃了那个热爱自然的自我，内心会感到空洞，失落，故barren在此处含义为“空虚的，空洞的”。 7．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“I went on my first backpacking trip through a program and found a part of me that needed to explore mountains and forests.(我通过一个项目开启了第一次背包旅行，找到了内心想要探索山川森林的那一部分自我。)”可知，作者在斯坦福通过外出探索自然来改变自己的生活。 8．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“It has lost its petals many times, but with enough water and care, it can always bloom again.(它多次凋零落瓣，但只要有充足的水分与悉心照料，总能再次绽放。)”可知，作者借蝴蝶兰的经历喻指人生：人就像这株蝴蝶兰，遭遇挫折时如同花朵凋零，但只要持续用心经营、关照自我，就能够重新成长、再次绽放。 C Amid stretches of green space scattered among Manhattan high-rises, one special device drew visitors’ attention on a Monday morning. It was a robotic lawn-mower (割草机) given the name “Belawncé.” Resembling an oversized household cleaning robot with heavy-duty wheels, it moves on its own with the support of an AI camera system that works like human eyes. After working two to four hours cutting grass, the machine will return to its charging station automatically. Over recent months, this electric robotic lawn-mower has taken charge of grass-cutting work for the main lawn of Bryant Park, a small yet heavily-visited public park. Toshi Yano, the park’s manager, noted in an interview that the robotic lawn-mower has proven reliable, safe and more eco-friendly than gas-fueled mowers operated by human workers. Belawncé offers us a glimpse of both advantages and troubles when robots are applied to outdoor tasks like garden maintenance. Bryant Park had tested several other robotic lawn-mower models before, yet those earlier machines were finicky. The former machines would get stuck in certain spots within the park. To receive satellite signals for positioning, sometimes the park had to place one receiver on-site and another on top of a nearby office building. Since this spring, Bryant Park has adopted a new model produced by Sunseeker. It requires far less human help as time goes by. Unlike its famous pop-star namesake, Belawncé and its fellow robotic lawn-mowers are not welcomed by every worker. Nanci Fioravanti is the landscape director of Green-Wood, a well-known green park in Brooklyn where two robotic lawn-mowers are in use. She has had to comfort her employees, who felt worried about job losses caused by automation. Fioravanti also pointed out that such robotic lawn-mowers cannot perform well on steep ground in Green-Wood, or in spots where thick tree leaves block their signal. Park staff made certain that Belawncé could move around or pause for passers-by as well as local wildlife. “Either the birds, the AI system, or both combined are doing their jobs properly and keeping out of each other’s way,” Yano commented. 9．What can we learn about Belawncé from the first two paragraphs? A．It is powered by gasoline. B．It relies on AI equipment for self-operation. C．It is designed in the image of human beings. D．It needs workers to direct its movement all the time. 10．The underlined word “finicky” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A．efficient B．flexible C．accessible D．tricky 11．What message is conveyed in Paragraph 5? A．The limits of robotic lawn-mowers. B．The wide popularity of robotic devices. C．The high production cost of robot mowers. D．Ways to improve local park landscape. 12．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To argue against using robots in public parks. B．To compare different kinds of gardening equipment. C．To advertise new products from the Sunseeker company. D．To introduce the practical application of a robotic mower. 【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 【解析】文章介绍了布莱恩特公园引入的一款名为“Belawncé”的机器人割草机。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Resembling an oversized household cleaning robot with heavy-duty wheels, it moves on its own with the support of an AI camera system that works like human eyes.(它看起来像一台大型家用清洁机器人，配有重型轮子，依靠类似人眼的AI摄像头系统自主移动)”可知，Belawncé依靠人工智能设备实现自主运行。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子和后文“Bryant Park had tested several other robotic lawn-mower models before, yet those earlier machines were finicky. The former machines would get stuck in certain spots within the park. To receive satellite signals for positioning, sometimes the park had to place one receiver on-site and another on top of a nearby office building.(布莱恩特公园此前曾测试过其他几种机器人割草机型号，但这些早期的机器运行很finicky，常常会在公园内的某些位置卡住。为了接收卫星信号进行定位，有时公园不得不在现场设置一个接收器，并在附近办公楼顶部再加装一个)”可知，之前的机器人割草机存在诸多问题，需要复杂的设置和操作，由此可推知，划线词finicky意为“难处理的，棘手的”，与D项意思相近。 11．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Unlike its famous pop-star namesake, Belawncé and its fellow robotic lawn-mowers are not welcomed by every worker. Nanci Fioravanti is the landscape director of Green-Wood, a well-known green park in Brooklyn where two robotic lawn-mowers are in use. She has had to comfort her employees, who felt worried about job losses caused by automation. Fioravanti also pointed out that such robotic lawn-mowers cannot perform well on steep ground in Green-Wood, or in spots where thick tree leaves block their signal.(和其对应的著名流行明星同名者不同，Belawncé及其同类机器人割草机并非受到所有工人的欢迎。南西·菲奥拉万蒂（Nanci Fioravanti）是布鲁克林知名绿地公园格林伍德（Green-Wood）的景观总监，该公园正在使用两台机器人割草机。她不得不安抚那些担心自动化导致失业的员工。菲奥拉万蒂还指出，这类机器人割草机在格林伍德陡坡地带或树叶茂密遮挡信号的区域无法良好运行)”可知，第五段说明了机器人割草机的局限性。 12．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Amid stretches of green space scattered among Manhattan high-rises, one special device drew visitors’ attention on a Monday morning. It was a robotic lawn-mower (割草机) given the name “Belawncé.”(周一早晨，在曼哈顿高楼间散落的片片绿地中，一台特殊设备吸引了游客的注意。这是一台名为“Belawncé”的机器人割草机)”以及文章主要介绍了布莱恩特公园引入的一款名为“Belawncé”的机器人割草机，介绍了其特点、使用情况、优缺点以及人们对它的看法。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍机器人割草机的实际应用。 D In recent years, we’ve witnessed a return of interest in products and culture from before the internet, as shown by rising sales of vinyl records, CDs, books, and board games. While one might assume these trends are primarily driven by middle-aged and older adults looking to revisit their youth, young people — particularly Gen Z — are a major force behind this retro revival (复古复兴). To understand the psychology behind this phenomenon, researchers at the Human Flourishing Lab partnered with a cultural insights agency. Their analysis revealed that Gen Z isn’t just passively consuming historical nostalgia (怀旧); they are actively mining the past to enrich their lives and plan for the future. For instance, one social media user expressed a desire to create physical photo albums to share with visitors, just as previous generations did. Their interest in old-school technology appears to be driven, in part, by a desire to dial back their digital engagement and foster a greater appreciation for offline living. To measure these observations, the team subsequently conducted a nationally representative survey of over 2,000 U.S. adults. We found that most Gen Z adults feel nostalgic for eras before they were born (68%), are attracted to their media, styles, hobbies, and traditions (73%), and believe that new technologies should incorporate their ideas and design elements (78%). Moreover, about two-thirds of Gen Z report that exploring past eras helps them deal with stress about modern life (65%) or anxiety about the future (66%). This phenomenon is not unique to Gen Z. Millennials and Gen Xers also report significant levels of historical nostalgia, while older generations show less interest in eras before them. What distinguishes Gen Z, however, is that those who grew up with smartphones and social media are increasingly curious about what came before the digital revolution. Rather than signaling a retreat from technology, Gen Z’s embrace of historical nostalgia appears to reflect a more thoughtful and active approach to digital living. 13．What can we learn about the retro revival? A．Older adults lead the new trend. B．Young generations fuel it greatly. C．Its products have seen declining sales. D．It mainly involves e-books and games. 14．What does the underlined word “dial back” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Maintain. B．Increase. C．Reduce. D．Understand. 15．What can be inferred from the survey results? A．73% show preference for new technology. B．68% attach less attention to the past eras. C．Nostalgia relieves Gen Z’s unease. D．Nostalgia brings about new challenges. 16．Which of the following best describes Gen Z according to the passage? A．Mindful. B．Passive. C．Obsessive. D．Trendy. 【答案】13．B 14．C 15．C 16．A 【解析】文章介绍Z世代成为复古复兴主力，探究其怀旧的心理、调研依据及该群体怀旧的独特性与意义。 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While one might assume these trends are primarily driven by middle-aged and older adults looking to revisit their youth, young people — particularly Gen Z — are a major force behind this retro revival (复古复兴). (虽然人们可能认为这些趋势主要是由想要重温青春的中老年人推动的，但年轻人——尤其是Z世代——是这场复古复兴背后的主要力量。)”可知，年轻一代极大地推动了复古复兴这一潮流。 14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Their interest in old-school technology appears to be driven, in part, by a desire to dial back their digital engagement and foster a greater appreciation for offline living. (他们对传统技术的兴趣，部分源于想要dial back数字生活参与度，更加珍惜线下生活的想法。)”可知，Z世代偏爱复古事物，希望降低线上数字活动的频次、重视线下生活，由此可推知dial back意为“减少”，与reduce同义。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Moreover, about two-thirds of Gen Z report that exploring past eras helps them deal with stress about modern life (65%) or anxiety about the future (66%). (此外，约三分之二的Z世代表示，探索过去的时代有助于他们应对现代生活的压力（65%）或未来的焦虑（66%）。)”可知，怀旧能够缓解Z世代的不安情绪。 16．推理判断题。根据第二段中“they are actively mining the past to enrich their lives and plan for the future (他们主动挖掘过往，丰富自身生活、规划未来)”以及最后一段“Gen Z’s embrace of historical nostalgia appears to reflect a more thoughtful and active approach to digital living. (Z世代的怀旧情怀，体现了他们对待数字生活更审慎、积极的态度。)”可知，Z世代不被动盲从，懂得理性利用过往、平衡生活，是审慎理智的。 二、完形填空 Our eldest daughter, who lives with special needs, has a unique way of finding comfort. She is 17 to pick leaves from plants and fashion them into designs to fulfill her sensory needs. It brings no 18 , so my wife and I never stop her. We even created a dedicated garden at home for her. But in the past few months, she has 19 into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves. I didn’t want to upset her. I 20   tried to explain that our neighbor might not want their plants to be 21 but she still got sensitive. Consequently, I wrote a note to my neighbor and 22 . I asked what plants I could buy to 23 the loss. Our neighbor’s response was truly 24 . He said, “There’s no need to worry. She’s as   25 to us as our own child. A few plants are nothing. We can always grow new ones. She’s 26 here whenever it brings her joy.” Since then, every time our daughter 27 the neighbor’s garden, the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he’s planted. We, 28 , often make homemade 29 for the neighbor as a gesture of gratitude. This beautiful friendship between neighbors spreads warmth in the community, and our daughter’s leaf creations work as a 30 of the power of kindness and 31 . 17．A．proud B．careful C．grateful D．delighted 18．A．pain B．thrill C．fun D．harm 19．A．wandered B．dug C．looked D．turned 20．A．delicately B．seriously C．hardly D．anxiously 21．A．watered B．designed C．disturbed D．grown 22．A．greeted B．apologized C．complained D．worried 23．A．take care of B．catch up with C．make up for D．break away from 24．A．convincing B．comforting C．interesting D．disappointing 25．A．shy B．good C．dear D．friendly 26．A．remarkable B．brave C．creative D．welcome 27．A．nears B．desires C．protects D．decorates 28．A．in turn B．in return C．on time D．on purpose 29．A．trees B．treats C．stories D．flowers 30．A．reminder B．tradition C．standard D．target 31．A．knowledge B．wisdom C．acceptance D．creativity 【答案】 17．D 18．D 19．A 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．C 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．A 31．C 【解析】本文主要讲述有特殊需求的女儿摘邻居家植物的叶子做感官创作，邻居宽容接纳并与之结下美好邻里情谊，彰显善良与包容的力量。 17．考查形容词。句意：她很乐意从植物上摘下叶子并把它们做成造型来满足自己的感官需求。A. proud骄傲的；B. careful小心的；C. grateful感激的；D. delighted高兴的、乐意的。根据上文“Our eldest daughter, who lives with special needs, has a unique way of finding comfort.”可知，摘叶子让她感到愉悦满足，be delighted to do sth. 表示“乐意做某事”。 18．考查名词。句意：这不会带来任何伤害，所以我妻子和我从不阻止她。A. pain疼痛；B. thrill激动；C. fun乐趣；D. harm危害。根据下文“so my wife and I never stop her”可知，女儿摘叶子的行为无害，所以作者和妻子不会阻止她。 19．考查动词。句意：但在过去几个月里，她走进了邻居的花园去摘叶子。A. wandered闲逛、溜达；B. dug挖；C. looked看；D. turned转向。根据下文“into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves.”可知，她走进了邻居的花园去摘叶子，wander into the neighbor’s garden表示“溜达到邻居花园里”。 20．考查副词。句意：我小心翼翼地解释说，我们的邻居可能不希望他们的植物受到干扰，但她仍然很敏感。A. delicately小心翼翼地、委婉地；B. seriously严肃地；C. hardly几乎不；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据第一段“Our eldest daughter, who lives with special needs, has a unique way of finding comfort.”以及上文“I didn’t want to upset her.”可知，女儿有特殊需求且敏感，所以作者会小心地向女儿解释。 21．考查动词。句意同上。A. watered浇水；B. designed设计；C. disturbed打扰、破坏；D. grown种植。根据上文“she has ____ into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves.”可知，女儿去邻居的花园摘叶子，这会打扰/破坏植物。 22．考查动词。句意：因此我给邻居写了张纸条并道歉。A. greeted问候；B. apologized道歉；C. complained抱怨；D. worried担心。根据上文“But in the past few months, she has ____ into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves.”以及下文“I asked what plants I could buy to ____ the loss.”可知，女儿摘了邻居的植物，作者询问能买什么植物弥补损失，所以此处表示作者写信致歉。 23．考查动词短语。句意：我问可以买些什么植物来弥补损失。A. take care of照顾；B. catch up with赶上；C. make up for弥补；D. break away from脱离。根据上文“But in the past few months, she has ____ into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves.”可知，女儿摘了邻居花园的叶子，所以此处表示作者询问可以买什么植物来弥补损失，make up for the loss表示“弥补损失”。 24．考查形容词。句意：邻居的回应真的很令人宽慰。A. convincing有说服力的；B. comforting令人安心的、宽慰的；C. interesting有趣的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“There’s no need to worry.”可知，邻居的回应令人宽慰。 25．考查形容词。句意：她对我们来说就像自己的孩子一样珍贵。A. shy害羞的；B. good好的；C. dear珍贵的、亲爱的；D. friendly友好的。根据下文“as our own child.”可知，邻居表示作者的女儿就像是他自己的孩子一样珍贵。 26．考查形容词。句意：只要能给她带来快乐，她随时都受欢迎。A. remarkable显著的；B. brave勇敢的；C. creative有创造力的；D. welcome受欢迎的。根据下一段“Since then, every time our daughter ____ the neighbor’s garden, the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he’s planted.”可知，邻居对作者的女儿很友好，所以此处表示邻居说随时欢迎作者的女儿来。 27．考查动词。句意：从那以后，每次女儿靠近邻居的花园，邻居都热情打招呼。A. nears靠近、接近；B. desires渴望；C. protects保护；D. decorates装饰。根据下文“the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he’s planted.”可知，此处表示作者的女儿靠近邻居的花园。 28．考查介词短语。句意：作为回报，我们经常给邻居做自制点心表达感谢。A. in turn依次；B. in return作为回报；C. on time按时；D. on purpose故意。根据上文“Since then, every time our daughter ____ the neighbor’s garden, the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he’s planted.”可知，邻居对作者的女儿很友善，作为回报，作者给邻居自制点心。 29．考查名词。句意同上。A. trees树；B. treats款待、点心；C. stories故事；D. flowers花。根据上文“homemade”以及常识可知，作者回报邻居善意的方式是把自制点心送给邻居。 30．考查名词。句意：邻居之间这种美丽的友谊在社区中传播着温暖，我们女儿的叶子创作提醒我们善良和接受的力量。A. reminder提醒物、见证；B. tradition传统；C. standard标准；D. target目标。根据上文“This beautiful friendship between neighbors spreads warmth in the community”和此处“the power of kindness”可知，我们女儿的叶子创作提醒我们善良的力量。 31．考查名词。句意同上。A. knowledge知识；B. wisdom智慧；C. acceptance接纳、包容；D. creativity创造力。根据第二段“A few plants are nothing. We can always grow new ones. She’s ____ here whenever it brings her joy.”可知，邻居接纳有特殊需求的女孩，体现了接纳的力量。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese folk music concert 32 (hold) at the Algonquin Commons Theatre in Ottawa, Canada on July 5, 2026. Presented by the Wuxi Chinese Orchestra (乐团) as part of the Music and Beyond Festival, the performance used music as a bridge 33 (create) a cultural dialogue between Chinese and Canadian civilizations. The concert opened with the lively Dance of the Golden Snake, 34 (follow) by classic pieces including Ambush from Ten Sides, and Dunhuang, 35 (show) the rich heritage of traditional Chinese culture in an immersive (沉浸式) Eastern musical experience. Focusing on the themes of “dialogue” and “integration”, the concert featured innovative artistic 36 (cooperate) that brought Chinese and Western musical elements together. The highlight of the concert was a performance of “Moon Reflected on Second Spring”, featuring the erhu alongside a Western string quartet. The concert 37 (surprising) concluded with a performance of the beloved Canadian folk song Red River Valley on traditional Chinese instruments, 38 brought the audience to the evening’s emotional climax (顶点). The Chinese Ambassador to Canada Wang Di attended the event along 39 the former Canadian Senator Hu Zixiu and around 700 guests and local residents to enjoy the performance. The concert created 40 warm atmosphere, and drew enthusiastic responses, with prolonged applause throughout the evening. Many attendees said the performance deepened 41 (they) understanding of Chinese culture through the music. 【答案】 32．was held 33．to create 34．followed 35．showing 36．cooperation 37．surprisingly 38．which 39．with 40．a 41．their 【解析】本文主要介绍2026年7月5日在加拿大渥太华举办的中国民乐音乐会的演出曲目、艺术特色、参与人员以及演出带来的良好反响。 32．考查时态和语态。句意：一场中国民乐音乐会于2026年7月5日在加拿大渥太华的阿尔冈昆公共剧院举办。本句主语A Chinese folk music concert与动词hold为被动关系，根据时间状语on July 5, 2026可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，因此谓语用was held。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：这场演出由无锡民族乐团呈现，作为Music and Beyond Festival的一部分，以音乐作为构建中加文明之间文化对话的桥梁。句中已有谓语动词used，空处为非谓语动词；此处用动词不定式作目的状语，说明用音乐作桥梁的目的。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐会以欢快的《金蛇狂舞》开场，随后演绎了《十面埋伏》《敦煌》等经典曲目，以沉浸式的东方音乐体验展现出丰富的中国传统文化底蕴。本句已有谓语动词opened，空处为非谓语动词；主语The concert与follow为被动关系，需用过去分词作伴随状语。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐会以欢快的《金蛇狂舞》开场，随后演绎了《十面埋伏》《敦煌》等经典曲目，以沉浸式的东方音乐体验展现出丰富的中国传统文化底蕴。句中已有谓语动词opened，空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语是前面提到的所有演出曲目，和show之间是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语。 36．考查名词。句意：这场音乐会聚焦“对话”与“融合”主题，采用创新的艺术合作形式，融合了中西方音乐元素。形容词artistic后需接名词作宾语，cooperate是动词，其名词形式为cooperation，意为“合作”。 37．考查副词。句意：这场音乐会出人意料地以中国传统乐器演绎加拿大经典民谣《红河谷》收尾，将当晚观众的情绪推向高潮。空处修饰动词concluded，修饰动词需用副词形式，surprising的副词形式为surprisingly，意为“出人意料地”。 38．考查定语从句。句意：这场音乐会出人意料地以中国传统乐器演绎加拿大经典民谣《红河谷》收尾，将当晚观众的情绪推向高潮。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文整句话内容，且在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which。 39．考查固定短语。句意：中国驻加拿大大使王迪（音译）、加拿大前参议员胡梓修（音译）以及约700名宾客和当地居民出席活动，欣赏了这场演出。固定搭配along with意为“连同；和……一起”。 40．考查冠词。句意：这场音乐会营造出温馨的氛围，收获了热烈的反响，整晚掌声不断。atmosphere为可数名词单数，此处表示“一种温馨的氛围”，为泛指；warm是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。 41．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：许多参会者表示，这场演出让他们通过音乐加深了对中国文化的了解。空处修饰名词understanding，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their，意为“他们的”。 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，客家（Hakka）博物馆的志愿者。一批外国游客将来参观客家博物馆，请你写一篇欢迎词，内容包括： 1．表示欢迎； 2．介绍博物馆意义与亮点。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear visitors, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enjoy your visit. Thank you! 【答案】 Dear visitors,      On behalf of all the volunteers here, I warmly welcome you to the China Hakka Museum.      As China’s national-level comprehensive museum for Hakka culture, it gathers nearly 30,000 precious relics, showing the long history, unique traditions and moving migration stories of the Hakka people. You can explore classic exhibitions, ancient Hakka artifacts and local folk treasures here.      We hope you will gain a deeper understanding of this special cultural group during the tour.      Enjoy your visit. Thank you! 【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：1．表示欢迎；2．介绍博物馆意义与亮点。 1.词汇积累 热烈地：warmly→ardently 展示：show→showcase 动人的：moving→affecting 代表：on behalf of→represent 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As China’s national-level comprehensive museum for Hakka culture, it gathers nearly 30,000 precious relics, showing the long history, unique traditions and moving migration stories of the Hakka people. 拓展句：As China’s national-level comprehensive museum for Hakka culture, it gathers nearly 30,000 precious relics, which show the long history, unique traditions and moving migration stories of the Hakka people. [高分句型1] As China’s national-level comprehensive museum for Hakka culture, it gathers nearly 30,000 precious relics, showing the long history, unique traditions and moving migration stories of the Hakka people. (运用了现在分词showing作状语) [高分句型2] We hope you will gain a deeper understanding of this special cultural group during the tour. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 主谓一致 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 主谓一致的基本原则 知识点二 主谓一致的具体表现 练|巩固提升训练 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Agreement）指英语句子中谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。它是高考语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的隐性考点——主语是单数，谓语用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语用复数形式。 判定主谓一致必须遵循三大原则：语法一致（形式一致）、意义一致（意义一致）、就近一致（位置一致）。同一句中往往需要综合判断，先找真正的主语，再定谓语的单复数。 一、语法一致原则 语法一致指谓语动词的单复数由主语的语法形式决定：主语形式为单数，谓语用单数；主语形式为复数，谓语用复数。 （一）基本规则：单复数主语对应单复数谓语 单数名词、不可数名词、代词 he / she / it 等作主语时，谓语用单数；复数名词、代词 they / we / you 及并列主语作主语时，谓语用复数。 例句：The boy runs to school every day.（这个男孩每天跑着去上学。） 例句：The boys run to school every day.（这些男孩每天跑着去上学。） （二）附加成分不影响谓语 主语后接 with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等附加成分时，谓语只与真正的主语保持一致，与附加成分无关。 例句：The teacher together with his students is going to the museum.（老师和学生们打算去博物馆。） Nobody but Tom and Jack was in the classroom.（除了汤姆和杰克，教室里没有别人。） （三）and 连接的并列主语 1. 由 and 连接的并列主语表示不同的人或物时，谓语用复数。 例句：Tom and Jack are good friends.（汤姆和杰克是好朋友。） 2. and 连接的两个名词指同一个人、同一事物或表示单一概念时，谓语用单数。 例句：The singer and dancer is popular with young people.（这位歌唱家兼舞蹈家很受年轻人欢迎。） Bread and butter is a traditional breakfast in the West.（黄油面包是西方传统的早餐。） （四）each/every/no + 单数名词 and each/every/no + 单数名词 each...and each...、every...and every...、no...and no... 连接的单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 例句：Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.（每个男孩和每个女孩都有受教育的权利。） （五）不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语 不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例句：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） Reading aloud is helpful to your English.（大声朗读对你的英语有帮助。） What she said at the meeting sounds reasonable.（她在会上说的话听起来有道理。） （六）定语从句中的主谓一致 1. 先行词为“one of + 复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语用复数（指代复数名词）。 例句：He is one of the students who have passed the exam.（他是通过考试的学生之一。） 2. 先行词为“the only one of + 复数名词”或“the very one of + 复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语用单数（指代 one）。 例句：He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（他是学生中唯一通过考试的。） （七）more than one / many a + 单数名词 “more than one + 单数名词”与“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，谓语仍用单数。 例句：More than one student was against the plan.（不止一个学生反对这个计划。） Many a man has tried to climb the mountain.（许多人尝试过攀登那座山。） 二、意义一致原则 意义一致指谓语动词的单复数不由主语的语法形式，而由主语所表达的意义决定。 （一）集合名词：整体用单数，成员用复数 family, class, team, group, government, audience, public, club, company 等集合名词作主语时：强调整体时谓语用单数；强调其中的成员时谓语用复数。 例句：My family is a big one.（我的家庭是一个大家庭。） My family are all fond of music.（我家里人都喜欢音乐。） 注意：people（人们）、police（警察）、cattle（牛群）等集合名词习惯上作复数用。 The police are searching for the thief.（警察正在搜捕那个小偷。） （二）复数形式、单数意义的名词 news, physics, mathematics, politics, economics, statistics 以及 the United States, the United Nations 等虽以 -s 结尾，但表示单数意义，谓语用单数。 例句：Physics is my favourite subject.（物理是我最喜欢的学科。） The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。） （三）单复数同形的名词 means, works（工厂）, series, species, crossroads 以及 deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese 等名词单复数同形，谓语形式由句中的限定词（a, this, every, all, these, several 等）决定。 例句：Every means has been tried.（每一种方法都试过了。） All possible means have been tried.（所有可能的方法都试过了。） （四）the + 形容词表一类人 “the + 形容词（或分词）”表示一类人时，如 the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the blind, the dead, the wounded，谓语用复数。 例句：The rich are not always happy.（富人并不总是幸福的。） （五）时间、距离、金钱、重量等作主语看作整体 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、度量等的复数名词作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语用单数。 例句：Ten years is a long time.（十年是一段很长的时间。） Five hundred dollars is enough for the trip.（五百美元足够这次旅行了。） （六）a number of 与 the number of “a number of + 复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语用单数。 例句：A number of students are playing on the playground.（许多学生正在操场上玩。） The number of students is 2,000.（学生的数量是两千。） （七）分数、百分数、不定代词 + of + 名词 “分数/百分数 + of + 名词”以及 all, most, half, some, none, the rest, part, plenty 等 + of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面的名词决定：名词不可数或为单数，谓语用单数；名词为复数，谓语用复数。 例句：Two thirds of the work has been done.（三分之二的工作已经完成。） Two thirds of the students have passed the exam.（三分之二的学生通过了考试。） Most of the water is polluted.（大部分水被污染了。） The rest of the books are on the desk.（其余的书在桌子上。） 三、就近一致原则 就近一致指谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。 （一）并列连词连接的主语 either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but, or 连接并列主语时，谓语与最近的那个主语一致。 例句：Either you or he is to blame for the accident.（要么是你要么是他应对这起事故负责。） Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（学生们和老师都不知道答案。） Not only the students but also their teacher likes the film.（不仅学生而且他们的老师都喜欢这部电影。） （二）there be 句型 there be 句型中 be 动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词保持一致。 例句：There is a pen, two books and a ruler on the desk.（桌子上有一支钢笔、两本书和一把尺子。） （三）倒装句 在 Here/There 开头的倒装句以及“介词短语 + 谓语 + 主语”的完全倒装句中，谓语与后面的真正主语保持一致。 例句：Here comes the bus.（公共汽车来了。） In front of the house stands a tall tree.（房子前面有一棵高高的树。） 单句语法填空（用所给动词的正确形式填空） 1. The teacher together with his students ______ (be) going to visit the science museum tomorrow. 2. Bread and butter ______ (be) a popular breakfast in many western countries. 3. Every boy and every girl ______ (have) the right to receive education. 4. What she said at the meeting ______ (sound) reasonable. 5. He is the only one of the students who ______ (have) been to the Great Wall. 6. More than one student ______ (be) against the plan at that time. 7. The class ______ (be) taking notes when the teacher came in. 8. The number of people invited ______ (be) fifty, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for different reasons. 9. Two hours ______ (be) not enough for such a long journey. 10. Either you or he ______ (be) to blame for the accident. 11. There ______ (be) a pen, two books and a ruler on the desk. 【答案】 1. is　2. is　3. has　4. sounds　5. has　6. was　7. were　8. was; were　9. is　10. is　11. is 【解析】 1. 考查“附加成分不影响谓语”。主语是 The teacher（单数），together with his students 是附加成分，谓语用 is。 2. 考查“and 连接单一概念”。Bread and butter（黄油面包）被看作一种食物，谓语用单数 is。 3. 考查“each...and each... 结构”。every...and every... 连接的单数主语谓语用单数 has。 4. 考查“主语从句作主语”。what 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数 sounds。 5. 考查“定语从句主谓一致”。先行词是 the only one of the students，强调“唯一的一个”，从句谓语与 one 一致，用单数 has。 6. 考查“more than one + 单数名词”。more than one student 意义上虽为复数，谓语仍用单数；at that time 提示一般过去时，用 was。 7. 考查“集合名词意义一致”。the class 在此强调班级成员（全班同学正在做笔记），谓语用复数 were。 8. 考查“the number of 与 a number of”。the number of 表示“……的数量”用单数 was；a number of 表示“许多”用复数 were。 9. 考查“时间看作整体”。two hours 被看作一个整体时间段，谓语用单数 is。 10. 考查“就近一致”。either...or 连接两个主语，谓语与最近的主语 he 一致，用单数 is。 11. 考查“there be 就近一致”。be 与最近的名词 a pen 一致，用单数 is。 1．Either you or one of your friends ________ to attend the meeting tomorrow. A．is B．are C．am D．be 2．There ________ great changes in our city in the past ten years. A．have been B．were C．are D．will be 3．There ________ a bridge over the river but now it’s gone. A．is B．has been C．used to be D．was used to be 4．________ Jack ________ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well. A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and D．Either; or 5．We hope there ________ a basketball match in our school next week. A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have D．to be 6．________ my dad ________ my mom likes it. They prefer The Reader. A．Neither, nor B．Both; and C．Either; or D．Not only, but also 7．After lots of practice, neither Susan nor I ________ afraid of giving a speech in public now. A．am B．is C．are D．was 8．Neither my father nor my mother ________ rock music. They think it’s too noisy. A．like B．likes C．liking D．to like 9．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ that it is necessary ________ more nature reserves for endangered animals. A．think; to build B．thinks; to build C．think; building D．thinks; building 10．Not only my sister but also I ________ fond of learning about foreign cultures. A．am B．is C．are D．be 11．There ________ a football match between Class One and Class Two this afternoon. A．will have B．is going to have C．will be D．are going to be 12．Not only the players but also the coach ________ responsible for the team’s success. A．am B．is C．are D．be 13．Look! Here ________ two photos of my classmates. A．is B．am C．are D．be 14．This listening material, together with its earphones, ________ well. A．sells B．sell C．is sold D．are sold 15．The teacher with his students ________ visit the Jianghai Park if it ________ tomorrow. A．is going to; doesn’t rain B．are going to; won’t rain C．is going to; won’t rain D．are going to; doesn’t rain 16．The music teacher as well as her students ________ the piano this time yesterday. A．play B．played C．were playing D．was playing 17．Healthy eating ________ regular morning exercises ________ good for an energetic person. A．as well as, is B．together with, are C．and, is D．along with, are 18．How heavy the rain is! Lily, with her parents, ________ the bus without umbrellas at the bus stop. A．is waiting for B．wait for C．are waiting for D．is waiting 19．Suzhou, together with its neighboring cities ________ a lot to improve public transport by now. A．have done B．has done C．is going to do D．are doing 20．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ gifts from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 21．Mary with her parents always ________ to a library after ________ dinner. A．go; having B．goes; having C．go; have D．goes; have 22．—Will you visit Yunlong Lake next week? —I as well as my sister ________ yet. We will discuss tonight. A．decide B．decided C．hasn’t decide D．haven’t decided 23．In my hometown, the old over 100 ________ not only by their families but also by the government. A．are taken good care B．are taken good care of C．is taken good care D．is taken good care of 24．The population of India ________ the largest in the world, and three quarters of its population ________ still living a hard life. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 25．It’s seven o’clock in the evening. My family ________ dinner. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having 训练 一、单项选择 1．Neither small mistakes nor great pressure ________ able to stop us from moving forward. A．is B．are C．were D．be 2．— Do you know ________ a wonderful match and two basketball matches on July 15th? — Yeah. I am going to watch them on that day. A．there will be B．there is going to have C．there are going to be D．is there going to be 3．Not only the students but also their teacher ________ invited to attend the opening ceremony yesterday. A．are B．is C．was D．were 4．________ Tony ________ Frank likes the CD．They think the music is too noisy. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 5．In the past, there ______ large amounts of land ______ China. A．was; belongs to B．were; belonging to C．were; belongs to D．was; belonging to 6．Recently, not only the students but also the professor ________in the study of the latest scientific theory. A．has absorbed B．have absorbed C．has been absorbed D．have been absorbed 7．— How many students are there in your class? — ________ the students in our class is 45. And half of them ________ boys. A．The number of; are B．A number of; are C．The number of; is D．A number of; is 8．In our grade, ________ number of English teachers is about fifty. And most of them are ________. A．the; women teachers B．a; women teachers C．the; woman teachers D．a; woman teachers 9．The number of online courses offered by the university ________ by 30% this year. A．has increased B．has been increased C．have increased D．have been increased 10．Large amounts of food ________ to the earthquake-stricken area in the past few weeks. A．has been transported B．have been transported C．were transported D．are transported 11．The number of people who ________ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ________ at the moment. A．have; is increasing B．has; are increasing C．have; have increased D．has; is increasing 12．Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 13．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, ________ have been read hundreds of times previously. A．all of whom B．each of whom C．all of which D．each of which 14．Two-thirds of the audience ________ attracted by the movie. One minute they burst into ________ and the next they laughed. A．were; crying B．were; tears C．was; tear D．was; cry 15．The medical team ________ 12 doctors, most of ________ are from Guangzhou First People’s Hospital. A．is made up of; them B．is made up of; whom C．made up of; whom D．made up of; who 16．________ practicing every day ________ necessary for athletes. A．Keeping; is B．Keep; is C．Keeping; are D．To keep; are 17．About ________ of the students in this city ________ to school by bus. A．three quarter; go B．three quarters; go C．three quarters; goes 18．The environment here is better now because ________ of the land ________ covered with plants. A．three fourth; is B．three fourths; is C．three fourths; are D．three fourth; are 19．At present, more than one book on traditional Chinese culture _________ in the school library to enrich students’ after-class knowledge reserve. A．are displayed B．is displaying C．are being displayed D．is being displayed 20．While the idea behind this experiment _________ in our group, it was suggested to us by our teacher that we try something similar. A．discussed B．was being discussed C．had discussed D．had been discussed 21．The teacher as well as the students ______ satisfied with the result of the match. A．have been B．had been C．were D．was 22．—What did your teacher say to you just now? —He told me that two thirds of the earth______ with water. A．is covering B．are covering C．was covered D．is covered 23．Lily wants to read this science fiction as well, so when you ________ please give it to her. A．have finished B．will finish C．are finishing D．finished 24．It is reported that more than 70% of water ________ in the past five years. A．was polluted B．were polluted C．have been polluted D．has been polluted 25．Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently. A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given 26．Not only Jim but also his sister_________ a few cities in the south since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 27．Neither you nor he ________ trouble settling the problem, but what worries us ________ whether you can adapt yourself to your new life. A．has; is B．has; are C．have; is D．have; are 28．Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 29．Over the past 3 years, more than one book about space exploration ________ all over the world. A．were published B．was published C．have been published D．has been published 30．—Three hours ________enough for a boy to read books every week. —But my son never reads though he’s already 11 years old. A．is B．has C．are D．have 二、翻译 31．今年的游客数量是去年的三倍。（汉译英，使用倍数表达法）   ________________________________________________ 32．不仅父母，而且老师也认为年轻人应该有机会参与制定规则。（not only ... but also；就近原则）（汉译英） ________________________________________________ 33．这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 (There be 句型) （汉译英） _____________________________________ 34．不是我就是他要去实验室。（用either... or...结构表达）(汉译英) ________________________________________________ 35．据报道，庙会的游客数量已经翻倍。（汉译英，使用“It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句”句型） ________________________________________________ 36．如图所示，在手机上阅读的人数正在上升。(as引导非限制性定语从句； on the rise) (汉译英) ________________________________________________ 37．做这种工作既有危险性也有挑战性。(both... and... ) (汉译英)   ________________________________________________ 38．Tom非常着急，有力地敲打Henry 的房门。(so...that)(汉译英) _________________________________________________ 39．有无数的文章告诉我们互联网是如何使我们的生活更加便利。（there be句型；make+宾语+宾补）(汉译英) _________________________________________________ 40．学校图书馆和这些书店都没有我需要的那本参考书。(neither... nor...) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 一、阅读理解 A Science fiction is gradually turning into reality. Researchers at Zhejiang University have developed stable self-luminous (自发光) plants, a sustainable technology that brings new possibilities for ecological construction and urban development. The study originated from a scientific inquiry. Unlike some animals and tiny living creatures that can produce light naturally, common plants lack the ability of self-luminescence. Earlier attempts to create glowing plants had obvious limitations. Firefly-gene-based systems needed expensive external chemicals and only produced weak light, while bacterial luminescence tools limited plant growth and applied to few plant species. To overcome these drawbacks, the team drew on the luminescence mechanism of glowing mushrooms and achieved a key breakthrough. They introduced four optimized enzyme (酶) genes into plant genomes. Relying on caffeic acid (咖啡酸), a natural substance in nearly all plants, the plants can produce green light through enzymatic reactions. The reaction products can be recycled into caffeic acid, allowing continuous and stable luminescence without extra energy or chemical input, and it will not affect normal plant growth. To improve brightness and stability, the team put forward a “supply increase and loss reduction” approach. They built a new biological pathway to generate more light-generating materials and adopted machine-learning analysis to block internal biological reactions that consume caffeic acid. The upgraded second-generation plants are over 20 times brighter than the original versions, and removed leaves can remain luminous for three days, marking a major practical breakthrough. This innovative technology has rosy practical prospects. It converts solar energy into biological light with extremely low energy consumption, promising to replace part of traditional lighting and cut power waste. It can also be widely applied in urban landscaping and cultural tourism industries. Additionally, its stable luminous signals can support biomedical research in tracking biological changes, providing sustainable solutions for social and scientific development. 1．What matters most for the plants’ steady light production? A．The recycling of caffeic acid. B．The release of external chemicals. C．The efficiency of enzymes in plants. D．The duration of enzymatic reactions. 2．What did the researchers do to lower caffeic-acid consumption? A．Limit the natural growth of plant leaves. B．Upgrade the luminous brightness of plants. C．Adopt the technique of genetic engineering. D．Regulate inner biological processes of plants. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study. C．Potential application of the findings. D．Adjustment to research for sustainability. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Inspiration From Glowing Mushrooms B．Self-luminous Plants: A Scientific Breakthrough C．Various Strategies to Make Plants Give Off Light D．Caffeic Acid: An Essential Substance for Plant Light B Growing up in Toledo, a place lacking mountain views or clean lakes, I never had access to pure grand nature. My fondness of nature took root while gardening with my mom, who taught me to care for the plants that sustain bees and butterflies. As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a wildlife conservationist. In my second year of high school, my mom gave me a pink moth orchid (蝴蝶兰). Every day, I would spray its leaves, even though school was hard — classmates laughed at me for my torn skirt and my family’s old, broken car. But at home, my orchid waited for me. Then one day, its petals (花瓣) began to fall, and soon my beautiful orchid stood barren. Years later, I was accepted to Stanford, where I intended to study environmental science. Guilt, however, soon took over. My family was struggling back home, and I worried I couldn’t help them with a conservationist’s modest salary. So I switched to electrical engineering. But I felt barren. I had abandoned the kid who loved nature. Though I didn’t quit engineering, I decided to make a change. I founded a service group to help low-income students and assist local nonprofits by modernizing their technology and websites. I went on my first backpacking trip through a program and found a part of me that needed to explore mountains and forests. Now, I live in Tranco, a dorm dedicated to outdoor exploration and sustainability. We planted gardens, discussed environmental issues, and went on weekend hikes. I began exploring nature in ways I never could back home. Little by little, I watered the parts of me I didn’t want to lose. Over the summer, I went back home and visited my orchid. It is still there, waiting for me. It has one flower on it. It has lost its petals many times, but with enough water and care, it can always bloom again. 5．What inspired the author’s passion for nature? A．The pure grand nature. B．Her interest in insects. C．The garden work with her mother. D．The dream of being a conservationist. 6．What does the underlined word “barren” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Bored. B．Embarrassed. C．Empty. D．Frightened. 7．What did the author do to change her life at Stanford? A．Go outside to explore nature. B．Water flowers to find herself again. C．Found a group on environmental issues. D．Work for nonprofits with poor students. 8．What message does the text convey? A．Our passion often gives way to reality. B．With constant care, one can grow again. C．Following one’s dream leads to happiness. D．Family support helps overcome difficulties. C Amid stretches of green space scattered among Manhattan high-rises, one special device drew visitors’ attention on a Monday morning. It was a robotic lawn-mower (割草机) given the name “Belawncé.” Resembling an oversized household cleaning robot with heavy-duty wheels, it moves on its own with the support of an AI camera system that works like human eyes. After working two to four hours cutting grass, the machine will return to its charging station automatically. Over recent months, this electric robotic lawn-mower has taken charge of grass-cutting work for the main lawn of Bryant Park, a small yet heavily-visited public park. Toshi Yano, the park’s manager, noted in an interview that the robotic lawn-mower has proven reliable, safe and more eco-friendly than gas-fueled mowers operated by human workers. Belawncé offers us a glimpse of both advantages and troubles when robots are applied to outdoor tasks like garden maintenance. Bryant Park had tested several other robotic lawn-mower models before, yet those earlier machines were finicky. The former machines would get stuck in certain spots within the park. To receive satellite signals for positioning, sometimes the park had to place one receiver on-site and another on top of a nearby office building. Since this spring, Bryant Park has adopted a new model produced by Sunseeker. It requires far less human help as time goes by. Unlike its famous pop-star namesake, Belawncé and its fellow robotic lawn-mowers are not welcomed by every worker. Nanci Fioravanti is the landscape director of Green-Wood, a well-known green park in Brooklyn where two robotic lawn-mowers are in use. She has had to comfort her employees, who felt worried about job losses caused by automation. Fioravanti also pointed out that such robotic lawn-mowers cannot perform well on steep ground in Green-Wood, or in spots where thick tree leaves block their signal. Park staff made certain that Belawncé could move around or pause for passers-by as well as local wildlife. “Either the birds, the AI system, or both combined are doing their jobs properly and keeping out of each other’s way,” Yano commented. 9．What can we learn about Belawncé from the first two paragraphs? A．It is powered by gasoline. B．It relies on AI equipment for self-operation. C．It is designed in the image of human beings. D．It needs workers to direct its movement all the time. 10．The underlined word “finicky” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________. A．efficient B．flexible C．accessible D．tricky 11．What message is conveyed in Paragraph 5? A．The limits of robotic lawn-mowers. B．The wide popularity of robotic devices. C．The high production cost of robot mowers. D．Ways to improve local park landscape. 12．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To argue against using robots in public parks. B．To compare different kinds of gardening equipment. C．To advertise new products from the Sunseeker company. D．To introduce the practical application of a robotic mower. D In recent years, we’ve witnessed a return of interest in products and culture from before the internet, as shown by rising sales of vinyl records, CDs, books, and board games. While one might assume these trends are primarily driven by middle-aged and older adults looking to revisit their youth, young people — particularly Gen Z — are a major force behind this retro revival (复古复兴). To understand the psychology behind this phenomenon, researchers at the Human Flourishing Lab partnered with a cultural insights agency. Their analysis revealed that Gen Z isn’t just passively consuming historical nostalgia (怀旧); they are actively mining the past to enrich their lives and plan for the future. For instance, one social media user expressed a desire to create physical photo albums to share with visitors, just as previous generations did. Their interest in old-school technology appears to be driven, in part, by a desire to dial back their digital engagement and foster a greater appreciation for offline living. To measure these observations, the team subsequently conducted a nationally representative survey of over 2,000 U.S. adults. We found that most Gen Z adults feel nostalgic for eras before they were born (68%), are attracted to their media, styles, hobbies, and traditions (73%), and believe that new technologies should incorporate their ideas and design elements (78%). Moreover, about two-thirds of Gen Z report that exploring past eras helps them deal with stress about modern life (65%) or anxiety about the future (66%). This phenomenon is not unique to Gen Z. Millennials and Gen Xers also report significant levels of historical nostalgia, while older generations show less interest in eras before them. What distinguishes Gen Z, however, is that those who grew up with smartphones and social media are increasingly curious about what came before the digital revolution. Rather than signaling a retreat from technology, Gen Z’s embrace of historical nostalgia appears to reflect a more thoughtful and active approach to digital living. 13．What can we learn about the retro revival? A．Older adults lead the new trend. B．Young generations fuel it greatly. C．Its products have seen declining sales. D．It mainly involves e-books and games. 14．What does the underlined word “dial back” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Maintain. B．Increase. C．Reduce. D．Understand. 15．What can be inferred from the survey results? A．73% show preference for new technology. B．68% attach less attention to the past eras. C．Nostalgia relieves Gen Z’s unease. D．Nostalgia brings about new challenges. 16．Which of the following best describes Gen Z according to the passage? A．Mindful. B．Passive. C．Obsessive. D．Trendy. 二、完形填空 Our eldest daughter, who lives with special needs, has a unique way of finding comfort. She is 17 to pick leaves from plants and fashion them into designs to fulfill her sensory needs. It brings no 18 , so my wife and I never stop her. We even created a dedicated garden at home for her. But in the past few months, she has 19 into our neighbor’s garden to pick leaves. I didn’t want to upset her. I 20   tried to explain that our neighbor might not want their plants to be 21 but she still got sensitive. Consequently, I wrote a note to my neighbor and 22 . I asked what plants I could buy to 23 the loss. Our neighbor’s response was truly 24 . He said, “There’s no need to worry. She’s as   25 to us as our own child. A few plants are nothing. We can always grow new ones. She’s 26 here whenever it brings her joy.” Since then, every time our daughter 27 the neighbor’s garden, the neighbor greets her kindly and sometimes shows her the new flowers he’s planted. We, 28 , often make homemade 29 for the neighbor as a gesture of gratitude. This beautiful friendship between neighbors spreads warmth in the community, and our daughter’s leaf creations work as a 30 of the power of kindness and 31 . 17．A．proud B．careful C．grateful D．delighted 18．A．pain B．thrill C．fun D．harm 19．A．wandered B．dug C．looked D．turned 20．A．delicately B．seriously C．hardly D．anxiously 21．A．watered B．designed C．disturbed D．grown 22．A．greeted B．apologized C．complained D．worried 23．A．take care of B．catch up with C．make up for D．break away from 24．A．convincing B．comforting C．interesting D．disappointing 25．A．shy B．good C．dear D．friendly 26．A．remarkable B．brave C．creative D．welcome 27．A．nears B．desires C．protects D．decorates 28．A．in turn B．in return C．on time D．on purpose 29．A．trees B．treats C．stories D．flowers 30．A．reminder B．tradition C．standard D．target 31．A．knowledge B．wisdom C．acceptance D．creativity 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese folk music concert 32 (hold) at the Algonquin Commons Theatre in Ottawa, Canada on July 5, 2026. Presented by the Wuxi Chinese Orchestra (乐团) as part of the Music and Beyond Festival, the performance used music as a bridge 33 (create) a cultural dialogue between Chinese and Canadian civilizations. The concert opened with the lively Dance of the Golden Snake, 34 (follow) by classic pieces including Ambush from Ten Sides, and Dunhuang, 35 (show) the rich heritage of traditional Chinese culture in an immersive (沉浸式) Eastern musical experience. Focusing on the themes of “dialogue” and “integration”, the concert featured innovative artistic 36 (cooperate) that brought Chinese and Western musical elements together. The highlight of the concert was a performance of “Moon Reflected on Second Spring”, featuring the erhu alongside a Western string quartet. The concert 37 (surprising) concluded with a performance of the beloved Canadian folk song Red River Valley on traditional Chinese instruments, 38 brought the audience to the evening’s emotional climax (顶点). The Chinese Ambassador to Canada Wang Di attended the event along 39 the former Canadian Senator Hu Zixiu and around 700 guests and local residents to enjoy the performance. The concert created 40 warm atmosphere, and drew enthusiastic responses, with prolonged applause throughout the evening. Many attendees said the performance deepened 41 (they) understanding of Chinese culture through the music. 四、应用文写作 假定你是李华，客家（Hakka）博物馆的志愿者。一批外国游客将来参观客家博物馆，请你写一篇欢迎词，内容包括： 1．表示欢迎； 2．介绍博物馆意义与亮点。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear visitors, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enjoy your visit. Thank you! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $