广东揭阳市普宁市第二中学2026-2027学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷

2025-2026学年度高二级第一学期第一次月考英语试题 本试卷共8页, 满分120分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Female Scientists Who Have Changed the World There are still hundreds of relatively-unknown women who have changed the world with their research throughout history. Tiera Guinn When she was in college, Tiera Guinn already did rocket science. The MIT(麻省理工学院) senior was helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made. She was an aerospace major with high credit points who also worked as a Rocket Structural Design and Analysis Engineer for the Space Launch System that aerospace company Boeing was building for the US. Elizabeth Blackwell Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in Bristol, England in 1821, was the first woman to graduate from medical school in the United States, became an activist for poor American women’s health, and went on to found a medical school for women in England. Jane Goodall The most famous primate (灵长类)scientist in history, Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights. And Goodall wasn’t just working in a lab;she climbed trees and imitated the behaviour of chimps in Tanzania to gain their trust and study them in their natural habitat. Rachel Carson In the 1960s, one environmental scientist’s voice rose above the rest to become central to American politics, culture, and foreign policy: Rachel Carson’s. Her article, “Silent Spring”, warned of the dangers of pesticides(农药) and chemicals to humans, plants, and animals, and was a landmark in the nation’s environmental history. 1. What is Tiera Guinn’s greatest achievement? A. She entered the best university of the world. B. She has been learning the newest rocket science. C. She has helped build a big and powerful rocket. D. She is a top student employed by a famous company. 2. What is Elizabeth Blackwell famous for in history? A. She was the first woman with the advanced education. B. She was a pioneer of the women’s health in the US and the UK. C. She founded the first women’s school in the United Kingdom. D. She was the first woman to be accepted as an American citizen. 3. Who made a great contribution to the animal-protection movement? A. Tiera Guinn. 　　　　 B. Jane Goodall. C. Rachel Carson. D. Elizabeth Blackwell. B Growing up in America, I enjoyed the convenience of eating the most attractive, well-packaged foods of the 20th century, including all the candies we often see near the cash register. During those times I wasn’t aware how bad sugar was, and in fact, neither was anyone around me. So I continued to spread jam on my toast and eat ice cream daily. Strangely enough, I felt that sweet was some sort of wonderful drug which gave me the energy to function properly, to feel good and to perform at my best, all of which seemed necessary for growth. So why should I avoid it? Years later, huge food companies, like General Mills and Post, began pumping more sugar into their products, and then more and more people appeared with bigger bellies(腹部). It finally came to my awareness that our society was becoming more miserable and unfit. And from what? From sugar! I began to do some research into sugar and what it did exactly to our bodies. To my amazement, I found its damage was just as bad as, if not worse than, what alcohol and cigarettes brought about. You see, when you take in more sugar than you need or burn, your body and brain become over-active. This, in effect, causes your cognitive(认知的) abilities to slow down, your mood to get to the extremes, your skin to age faster, your blood to become thicker and your liver and kidneys to be worn out. But what surprised me most, out of all of these horrible side effects, was that sugar adds extra pounds to your waistline, even if you do exercise regularly. And what I’ve always wanted, for the past few years, is to remove that extra fat around my belly so that I could finally see my abs(腹肌). I just didn’t know, this whole time, what damage I had been doing to myself and my dreams, but I knew I had to do something I had never done before. 4. What did the author use to do? A. He took in much sugar. B. He learnt to cook foods. C. He sold ice cream daily. D. He had candies packaged. 5. What made the author begin to doubt the benefits of sugar? A. Sugar was unable to provide necessary energy. B. More people eating sugary foods became unfit. C. Some companies avoided adding sugar to foods. D. Many customers stopped buying sugary products. 6. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The author’s comments on sugar. B. The detailed process of the research. C. The harmful effect of sugar on health. D. The reasons why the research is done. 7. What does the author probably decide to do at last? A. Eat less food. B. Cut down sugar. C. Do more exercise. D. Add extra pounds. C Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analysed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes, ” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 8. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills. C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge. 9. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment? A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination. C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship. 10. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play? A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game. C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 11. What is the text mainly about? A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program. D Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence system to write fake(虚假的)reviews on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and it’s pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review. Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to stress how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they’re not monitored properly. Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone—like a rival or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying. And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general the threat is bigger, ” Ben Y. Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that’s going to be even unimaginable. ” To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the reviews were and whether or not they thought they were fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews, according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3. 15 “usefulness” rating, compared to a 3. 28 rating for human reviews. 12. What can the new artificial intelligence system do according to the passage? A. It can help train new reviewers. B. It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones. C. It can write human-like reviews. D. It can easily damage the businesses. 13. What does the underlined word “rival” mean in the passage? A. A person who respects you deeply. B. A person who competes with you. C. A person who loves to give fake reviews. D. A person who can control you from a distance. 14. What can we infer from Ben Y. Zhao’s remarks? A. Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger. B. The artificial intelligence is only used by the researchers. C. Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence. D. The artificial intelligence will help people shake. 15. What is the best title for the passage? A. Suggestions on Giving Reviews B. How to Tell the Fake Reviews C. Development of AI in Review on Yelp D. AI Is Coming to Steal Your Reviews 第二节 (共5小题:每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science.____16____ Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. ____17____ Patience Becoming a scientist takes a long time. ____18____ Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you’re an instant-gratification type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical (道德的) qualities In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run. ____19____ Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. Working habits ____20____ He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A．To make discoveries, you have to think differently. B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. E．One of the main qualities that many scientists possess is modesty. F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 21 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 22 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 23 explosive. After years of 24 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 25 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 26 published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 27 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 28 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 29 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 30 . He spent his lifetime alone 31 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 32 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 33 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 34 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 35 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 21．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．preparing 22．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit 23．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild 24．A．innovations B．efforts C．hesitation D．association 25．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up 26．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically 27．A．satisfied B．relieved C．impressed D．disappointed 28．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured 29．A．greedy B．essential C．rich D．sufficient 30．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence 31．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating 32．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．secure 33．A．request B．illustration C．will D．fortune 34．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions 35．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，写在答题卡相应位置上。 BYD, or Biyadi, is a leading Chinese automotive company that specializes in new energy vehicles, including electric cars and buses. 36 (establish) in Shenzhen in 2003 by Wang Chuanfu, 37 expert in battery technology, BYD initially made its mark in the battery industry. The company’s name, meaning ‘Build Your Dreams’, reflects 38 (it) ambitious vision. BYD 39 (focus) on developing electric and hybrid vehicles from the very beginning, taking advantage of its excellent battery technology. BYD’s commitment to innovation has led to the production of several 40 (true) successful models, such as the F3DM, the world’s first mass-produced plug-in hybrid car, and the E6, an electric crossover. Over the years, BYD has expanded its reach globally, selling vehicles in numerous countries and establishing research and 41 (produce) facilities internationally. The company has also diversified into other areas, including solar energy and LED technology, reflecting its broader commitment to 42 (sustain) development. BYD has been at the forefront of the electric vehicle revolution, investing heavily in research and development. Its innovative Blade Battery technology, introduced in 2020, aims to enhance the safety and performance of EV batteries, 43 so far has still been a major concern for the market. Today, BYD continues to grow, driven by its mission to create a 44 (green) future. With a diverse range of products and a strong 45 (present) in both domestic and international markets, BYD is a symbol of China’s rise as a major player in the global automotive industry. 第4部分 写作 第一节（满分15分） 假如你校《英语报刊》人物专栏正在征稿，请你用英语介绍一位你敬仰的人物。内容包括以下三个部分： 1. 对该人物的简单介绍； 2. 敬仰该人物的理由； 3. 从该人物身上得到的启示。 注意:1. 词数80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 The person I admire most _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much. “I wish you could see him, ” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don’t see what he can do. ” After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money, ”said Clara. “His family is suffering so much. ” “So do I, ”said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them. ” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea!I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成). ” The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I tell you what we can do, ” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it. ” 注意:续写词数应为150左右。 When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 高二第一次月考英语试题 第 页 共8页8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026第一学期高二级第一次月考英语答案 阅读理解 （每小题2.5分，满分50分） 1. C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10 D 11 B 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 D 16． C    17．G   18．B    19．D    20．F 完形填空 （每小题1分，满分15分） 21． B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26． A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31． B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A 语法填空 （每小题1.5分，满分15分） 36．Established 37．an 38．its 39．has focused 40．truly 41．production 42．sustainable 43．which 44．greener 45．presence 写作． 第一节（满分15分） Thomas Edison, born in America, was a great scientist and inventor. He was once considered as a boy who was not worth teaching. In fact, he was full of curiosity and imagination. I admire him because of his contributions to the world. In his life, he was always trying out new ideas and had more than 1,000 inventions, many of which still have a great influence on our life today. He was also very diligent and believed that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. All these explained why he had so many great inventions and what he did inspires me to be creative in my work. 读后续写 （满分25分） When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea,she thought it was a good one,too.Very soon,the children were busy popping the corn,while their mother went out to buy the paper bags.When she came back,she brought Bernard with her.Bernard was very glad to join in the work and said,“So good an idea! I’ll try right now.” They worked together until all the corn they prepared was all popped,the paper bags filled and arranged in the basket. With everything ready,Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than expected,he returned with an empty basket.He had never earned so much money before in his life.For many weeks,the Meredith family continued to offer popcorn to Bernard.People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”,and every week he had at least fifty cents,a significant income for him and his family,to take home.All of this was thanks to the good idea that John came up with. 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。 1.C 解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The MIT senior was helping build a rocket for the United States that could be one of the biggest and most powerful ever made.”可知Tiera Guinn最大的成就是帮助建造了美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭之一。 2.B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性,后来成为关注美国贫困女性健康的活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。 3.B 解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“The most famous primate scientist in history,Jane Goodall was known for her work with chimps and as a champion of animal rights.”可知,珍妮·古道尔是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者过去常常摄入很多糖,但越来越多的人因为吃含糖的食物而变得不健康,这让作者了解了糖对健康的有害影响,决定要少吃糖。 4.A 解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing up in America,I enjoyed the convenience of eating the most attractive,well-packaged foods of the 20th century,including all the candies we often see near the cash register.”可知,作者过去常常摄入很多糖。 5.B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是“Years later,huge food companies,like General Mills and Post,began pumping more sugar into their products,and then more and more people appeared with bigger bellies.(几年后,像General Mills和Post这样的大型食品公司开始往他们的产品中添加更多的糖,然后越来越多的人出现了大肚子)”可知,越来越多的人因为吃含糖的食物而变得不健康,这让作者开始质疑糖的益处。 6.C 解析主旨大意题。根据第三段 “...its damage was just as bad as,if not worse than,what alcohol and cigarettes brought about.(糖的危害和酒精和香烟一样严重,如果不是更严重的话。)”和“This,in effect,causes your cognitive abilities to slow down,your mood to get to the extremes,your skin to age faster,your blood to become thicker and your liver and kidneys to be worn out.(这实际上会导致你的认知能力变慢,你的情绪走向极端,你的皮肤加速老化,你的血液变稠,你的肝脏和肾脏疲劳)”等句子可知,本段主要讲述了糖对健康的有害影响。 7.B 解析推理判断题。根据第二段“So why should I avoid it?(所以我为什么要避免它呢?)”及最后一段“...but I knew I had to do something I had never done before(但我知道我必须做一件以前从未做过的事)”可推断,作者最后可能决定少吃糖。 8 B 解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句内容可知,两岁到四岁之间的孩子玩拼图,能够发展更好的空间技能。故选B项。 9 C 解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,设计实验时,Levine考虑到了父母的收入以及受教育的程度。故选C项。 10 D 解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,男孩们倾向于玩更复杂一些的拼图。故选D项。 11 B 解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了有关玩拼图的研究发现,再结合最后一段内容不难推断出文章主旨。故选B项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。芝加哥大学的研究人员已经培训出了一种人工智能(AI) 系统,在Yelp网站上编写虚假评论,足以乱真。其目的是强调这些系统可以很容易地写出像人类写的一样的评论,如果它们没有被恰当地运用,它们会变得具有破坏性,而威胁远远不止如此。 12 C 解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,芝加哥大学的研究人员培训了一种人工智能系统,让它在Yelp网站上撰写虚假评论,并且很难把它们与人类的评论区分开。由此可知,这种新的人工智能系统可以撰写出像人类写的一样的评论。 13 B 解析词义猜测题。根据文章第三段可知,由于许多小企业依赖在线评论来帮助成长和保持声誉,未来有人可能会疯狂地用机器写的负面评论填满它们的页面,这是相当令人担忧的。由此可知画线单词所在部分like a rival or angry customer是someone的同位语,对其进行解释说明。根据上下文语境以及生活常识可以判断出,企业面对的是顾客和竞争对手两类人。因此rival可以理解为竞争对手。 14 A 解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“‘In general the threat is bigger,’ Ben Y.Zhao,one of the authors of the study,said.‘I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not.I think that’s going to be even unimaginable.’”可知,他认为AI智能能够误导用户明辨是非的能力,会对社会带来不可想象的威胁。 15 D 解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,芝加哥大学的研究人员已经培训出了一种人工智能(AI) 系统,在Yelp网站上编写虚假评论,足以乱真,其目的是强调这种系统可以很容易地写出像人类写的一样的评论,如果它们没有被恰当地运用,它们会变得具有破坏性,而威胁远远不止如此。D选项 “AI Is Coming to Steal Your Reviews”体现了这一中心思想。 第二节 16．C    17．G   1 8．B    19．D    20．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然，一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么多的伟人和成功人士。学习本文，让我们一起来欣赏这些成功科学家们的性格特点吧。 16．C选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. (字典将科学家定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或物理科学方面具有专业知识的人)”讲字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解，故选C项。 17．G选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承接小标题“Curiosity (好奇心)”和上文“An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. (一个优秀的科学家必须对事物非常好奇)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心，故选G项。 18．B选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间。”承接小标题“Patience (耐心)”和上文“Becoming a scientist takes a long time. (成为一名科学家需要很长时间)”讲成为科学家时间很长，需要一定的耐心，故选B项。 19．D选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。”和下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest. However, that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. (坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而，没有强有力的证据，这种信念不应该改变)”一起表明科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征“Ethical (道德的) qualities (道德素质)”的体现，故选D项。 20．由小标题“Working habits (工作习惯)”可知，下面一段主要谈到工作习惯，且下文“He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. (他/她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作，这取决于需要什么，还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法)”就是在讲科学家的工作习惯，F选项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心。”也是一种工作习惯和方式。故选F项。 22． B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 27． A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. preparing准备。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___3___ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 50．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___8___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___9___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___11___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___1___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 60．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___14___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。 36．Established 37．an 38．its 39．has focused 40．truly 41．production 42．sustainable 43．which 44．greener 45．presence 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国领先的新能源汽车公司比亚迪的发展历程、主要产品和在电动汽车行业的创新与贡献。 36．考查被动语态。句意：比亚迪于2003年由电池技术专家王传福在深圳创立，最初在电池行业崭露头角。establish与其逻辑主语BYD之间是被动关系，空处应为过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成，句首单词首字母大写，故填Established。 37．考查冠词。句意：比亚迪于2003年由电池技术专家王传福在深圳创立，最初在电池行业崭露头角。expert为可数名词，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词，且expert以元音音素开头，故填an。 38．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：公司名称意为“造梦”，反映了其雄心勃勃的愿景。修饰名词vision应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 39．考查时态。句意：比亚迪从一开始就专注于开发电动汽车和混合动力汽车，利用其出色的电池技术。根据时间状语from the very beginning可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为BYD，助动词用has，故填has focused。 40．考查副词。句意：比亚迪对创新的承诺使其生产出了许多真正成功的车型，如世界上第一款批量生产的插电式混合动力汽车F3DM和电动跨界车E6。空处修饰形容词successful，应用副词truly，故填truly。 41．考查名词。句意：多年来，比亚迪在全球范围内扩大了业务范围，在许多国家销售汽车，并在国际上建立了研究和生产设施。此处与research并列，应填名词形式，production facilities表示“生产设施”，故填production。 42．考查形容词。句意：该公司还涉足其他领域，包括太阳能和LED技术，反映了其对可持续发展的更广泛承诺。修饰名词development应用形容词sustainable，故填sustainable。 43．考查定语从句。句意：其2020年推出的Blade Battery技术旨在提高电动汽车电池的安全性和性能，这一直是市场的一大关注点。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 44．考查形容词。句意：如今，比亚迪继续发展，致力于创造一个更绿色的未来。空处表示“更绿色”，修饰名词future，应为比较级，用形容词greener，故填greener。 45．考查名词。句意：比亚迪拥有多样化的产品，在国内和国际市场上拥有强大的影响力，是中国崛起为全球汽车行业主要参与者的象征。根据空前形容词strong可知，此处应用名词presence作宾语，表示“存在”，故填presence。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $