Unit 3 Fit for life（复习讲义）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

牛津译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Fit for life（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：健康与医疗——从基因组编辑、近视防控到中医针灸，围绕“医学进步、健康生活、传统医学文化”三条主线展开复习，积累医学与健康话题词汇及地道表达。 2. 词汇短语：掌握 genome, lifespan, contract, identify, relate to, means, restore, fundamental, pace, restrict, prohibit, wrestle with, put sth in place, without doubt, withdraw, equip, artificial, disabled, fuel, tackle, go to great lengths to do sth, acupuncture, date back to, widespread 等主题词汇与短语的用法。 3. 语法：系统梳理现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）——构成形式、三类核心用法及其与现在完成时的区别。 4. 句型：学习说明文写作（分析近视问题的现状、成因与对策），掌握“提出现象—分析成因—给出建议”的三段式结构，能运用因果表达使论证严密。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成进行时的形式与用法辨析；说明文三段式结构的展开与因果关系的表达。 难点：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别；非谓语动词在长句中的识别与翻译；医学类说明文中因果链条的准确表述。 单元词汇 知识点1：genome n. 基因组，染色体组 — The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. 一个细胞或生命体内部的整套基因被称为基因组。我们个人的基因组携带着使我们生长发育所需的全部信息。 用法归纳 ① genome n. 基因组，染色体组：the human genome 人类基因组；the complete set of genes 整套基因。教材同根词：gene n. 基因（短语 a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus 使他们更易感染某种病毒的基因）。 ② 同根词族（教材 B2 要求掌握的构词规律）：gene n. 基因 → genome n. 基因组 → genetic adj. 基因的，遗传的 → genetics n. 遗传学 → geneticist n. 遗传学家。后缀 -(t)ics/-(o)logy 表“某学科”，-(t)ic/-al 表“与……相关的”，-ist/-ian 表“研究某学科的人”。 ③ 常见搭配：genome editing 基因组编辑；the human genome project 人类基因组计划；make changes to the genome 对基因组作出改动。 ④ 辨析：gene 指单个“基因”，是可数名词；genome 指“整套基因组”，强调整体性，一个生物体只有一个 genome，故常用单数。 词汇拓展 genome n. 基因组，染色体组 → gene n. 基因 → genetic adj. 基因的；遗传学的 → genetics n. 遗传学 → geneticist n. 遗传学家 即时练习 ① The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a ________. ② Geneticists hope to make changes to the ________ (基因组)by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. ③ 微写作：我们个人的基因组携带着使我们生长发育所需的全部信息。遗传学家相信，基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的有效手段。 知识点2：lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 — It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 它还包含有助于决定我们寿命长短、并影响我们感染某些疾病的概率的信息。 用法归纳 ① lifespan n. 寿命，有效期（复合词：life + span）：determine one's lifespan 决定某人的寿命；a long/short lifespan 寿命长／短。教材 Building your language 短语：a ripe old age 高龄。 ② 常见搭配：the average lifespan 平均寿命；extend/lengthen the lifespan 延长寿命；genetic markers that relate to human lifespans 与人类寿命相关的基因标记。 ③ 构词法：life（生命）+ span（跨度）→ lifespan（生命的跨度）。同类复合名词还有 lifetime n. 一生，终生；life expectancy 预期寿命。 ④ 辨析：lifespan 指“（生物的）寿命、（物品的）有效期”，可用于人也可用于物；life expectancy 为统计学用语，专指“预期寿命”，常见于人口统计语境。 词汇拓展 lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 → lifetime n. 一生，终生 → a ripe old age 高龄（教材 Building your language）→ affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染 即时练习 ① Scientists have discovered sixteen genetic markers that relate to human ________. ② 翻译：这一发现可能显著提高人们活到高龄的概率。（提示：a ripe old age） ③ 微写作：我认为健康的生活方式与基因一样，也在很大程度上决定我们的寿命。 知识点3：contract vt. 感染（疾病）；与…订立合同（或契约）　n. 合同，合约 — It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.（Reading） 它还包含有助于决定我们寿命长短、并影响我们感染某些疾病的概率的信息。 用法归纳 ① contract vt. 感染（疾病），用于较正式的语境：contract a disease 感染疾病；contract a virus 感染病毒。教材附录注释明确指出：contract 意为“感染，患（病）”，用在比较正式的语境中。 ② contract vt. 与……订立合同（或契约）：contract a formal agreement 订立正式协议。作名词时读 /ˈkɒntrækt/，意为“合同，合约”：sign a contract 签订合同。 ③ 读音区分：动词读作 /kənˈtrækt/（重音在后），名词读作 /ˈkɒntrækt/（重音在前）；同一拼写因词性不同而重音移位，是高考听音辨义的常见考点。 ④ 辨析：contract 强调“染上疾病”，正式且书面；catch 为普通用语（catch a cold 感冒）；develop 强调“逐渐患上”（develop a particular form of cancer 患上某种癌症）；infect 强调“传染给他人”，多用于被动 be infected with。 词汇拓展 contract vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 → contract n. 合同，合约 → catch vt. 感染，染上（普通用语）→ develop vt. 逐渐患上（疾病） 即时练习 ① Unfortunately he ________ (contract)cancer at a very young age. ② The chances of ________ (contract)a certain virus vary from person to person. ③ 微写作：用 contract 写一句话，说明勤洗手能降低感染疾病的风险。 易错提醒 contract 作“感染”讲时是及物动词，直接接疾病名称，不加 with；而 be infected with 才用 with。 写作中若想表达“患上癌症”，用 develop cancer 比 contract cancer 语气更自然；contract 多用于正式科普语境。 知识点4：identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 — Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 遗传学家一直在努力确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的一种有效手段。 用法归纳 ① identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出：identify which genes relate to which diseases 确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关；identify the cause of a disease 确定病因。 ② 常见搭配：identify sb/sth as ... 确认某人／某物为……；be identified with ... 与……相关联；Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified（教材 Extended reading，意为“迄今为止已有 360 多个穴位被确认”）。 ③ 名词：identification n. 确认；身份证明；identity n. 身份；identifiable adj. 可识别的。 ④ 辨析：identify 强调“经过调查或分析后确认、找出”；recognize 强调“认出曾经见过或知道的人或物”；find 为普通用语，仅表“找到”。本句 identify 后接 wh- 从句，是高考语法填空高频结构。 词汇拓展 identify vt. 找到，发现；确认 → identification n. 确认；身份证明 → identity n. 身份 → recognize vt. 认出，辨认出 即时练习 ① Geneticists have been trying to ________ (identify)which genes relate to which diseases. ② Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been ________.(identify) ③ 微写作：医生只有查明病因，才能选择正确的治疗方案。 知识点5：relate to 涉及，与…相关 — This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans.（Building your language） 本周，一个驻瑞士的科学家团队宣布发现了十六个与人类寿命相关的基因标记。 用法归纳 ① relate to 意为“涉及，与……相关”，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词：relate to human lifespans 与人类寿命相关；relate to the question 与这一问题相关。 ② relate vt. & vi. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述。教材词表分列 relate 与 relate to 两个词条，注意 relate 作及物动词时常用于 relate A to B（把 A 与 B 联系起来）。 ③ 常见搭配：be related to 与……有关（形容词 + 介词，相当于 relate to）；relate to sb 理解某人、与某人产生共鸣；in relation to 关于，涉及。 ④ 辨析：relate to 强调“两事物之间存在关联”；be connected with 强调“有连接或联系”，教材同义表达为 be tied to（与……紧密相关）；be linked to 强调“被关联到”，教材 Extended reading 有 each linked to a different part of the body。 词汇拓展 relate to 涉及，与…相关 → be related to 与……有关 → be tied to 与……紧密相关（教材 Building your language）→ be linked to 被关联到（教材 Extended reading） 即时练习 ① Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases is tied ________ an individual's genetic make-up. ② 翻译：科学家们长期以来一直在努力解决哪个基因标记预示寿命长短的问题。（提示：wrestle with） ③ 微写作：我们每天的饮食与我们的健康密切相关。 知识点6：means n. (pl. means) 方法，方式；财富，钱财 — Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 遗传学家一直在努力确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的一种有效手段。 用法归纳 ① means n. 方法，方式，单复数同形（pl. means）：an effective means of disease treatment 治疗疾病的有效手段；a means of transport 交通工具。 ② 主谓一致：means 作主语时，视语义决定谓语单复数——表单数概念（一种方法）用单数动词，表复数概念（多种方法）用复数动词。本句有不定冠词 an，故表单数。 ③ 常见搭配：by means of 通过……方式（教材附录例句：by means of hard work 通过勤奋努力）；by all means 当然可以；by no means 绝不（置于句首时主句需部分倒装）。 ④ 辨析：means 侧重“为达目的而采用的手段或方法”，单复数同形；way 最普通，可说 a way to do/of doing；method 强调“有系统、有条理的方法”；approach 后接 to + 名词／动名词。 词汇拓展 means n. 方法，方式（单复数同形）→ by means of 通过……方式 → by no means 绝不 → method n. 方法（系统的） 即时练习 ① He won first prize in the writing competition ________ means of hard work. ② Genome editing is an effective ________ (mean)of disease treatment and prevention. ③ 微写作：我通过每天看英语短视频来提高听力。 知识点7：restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 — Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. 也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。 用法归纳 ① restore vt. 恢复（某种情况或感受）：restore a blind person's vision 恢复盲人的视力；restore one's sight 恢复视力。教材附录注释：restore 后面常接 order、confidence、faith、peace 等名词作宾语。 ② 常见搭配：restore sth to ... 把某物恢复到……（restore the temple to its former glory 使庙宇重现昔日辉煌）；restore order 恢复秩序。 ③ 名词：restoration n. 恢复；修复；（旧建筑或艺术品的）修复。 ④ 辨析：restore 强调“使回到原先的良好状态”，宾语多为抽象名词（视力、信心、秩序）；recover 强调“（主体自己）康复、恢复”，常用 recover from an illness 从疾病中康复；repair 强调“修理损坏的具体物品”。 词汇拓展 restore vt. 恢复；修复 → restoration n. 恢复；修复 → recover vi. & vt. 康复，恢复（recover from）→ vision n. 视力；视野 即时练习 ① Please have faith in this treatment. It will gradually ________ (恢复)your sight. ② Her friend's kindness has ________ （restore）her faith in friendship. ③ 微写作：老师的鼓励让我重拾了学习英语的信心。 知识点8：fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的　n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础 — Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将给我们的医疗保健方式带来根本性的变革。 用法归纳 ① fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的：a fundamental change 根本性的变化；a fundamental difference 根本区别。教材 Workbook D2 有“气候变化正对我们的环境造成根本性的影响”。 ② fundamental adj. 基础的，基本的：fundamental principles 基本原则；the fundamentals of grammar 语法基础（作名词时常用复数 fundamentals）。 ③ 常见搭配：be fundamental to sth 对某事至关重要（Water is fundamental to life. 水对生命至关重要）；a fundamental change in ... 在……方面的根本性变化。 ④ 辨析：fundamental 强调“根本的、不可或缺的”，影响的是本质；basic 强调“基础的、初级的”，多指层次低或起步阶段；essential 强调“必不可少的”，常与 to/for 连用。 词汇拓展 fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的 → be fundamental to 对……至关重要 → basic adj. 基础的 → essential adj. 必不可少的 → weapon n. 武器，手段 即时练习 ① Genome editing will lead to a ________ change in our approach to health care. ② 翻译：气候变化正对我们的环境造成根本性的影响。 ③ 微写作：充足的睡眠对我们的健康至关重要。 知识点9：pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏　vi. & vt. 来回踱步；确定速度，调整节奏 — As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，随着这项技术持续快速发展，关于如何恰当使用它的问题也随之出现。 用法归纳 ① pace n. 发生的速度，节奏：at a fast pace 以很快的速度；at a steady pace 以稳健的速度；the pace of life 生活节奏。教材 Building your language 有 quicken the pace of the study 加快研究进度。 ② pace vi. & vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏：pace up and down 来回踱步；pace oneself 调整自己的节奏（长跑中的“配速”）。 ③ 常见搭配：keep pace with 跟上……的步伐；set the pace 定速度，起带头作用；at one's own pace 按照自己的节奏。 ④ 辨析：pace 强调“进展或运动的速率”，常用于抽象事物的发展；speed 强调“物体运动的速度”，多用于具体交通、机械；rate 强调“比率、频率”，教材 Reading 有 at the rate at which AI is being developed（Unit 4）。三者不可随意互换。 词汇拓展 pace n. 速度，节奏 → keep pace with 跟上……的步伐 → at a fast pace 以很快的速度 → speed n. 速度（具体的）→ arise vi. 发生，出现（arose, arisen） 即时练习 ① The discovery may quicken the ________ （节奏）of the study on genes and human lifespans.（教材 Building your language） ② As the technology continues to develop ________ a fast pace, questions arise. ③ 微写作：每个人都应该被允许按照自己的节奏学习，因为理解比速度更重要。 知识点10：restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 — Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? 我们是否应当把这项技术的使用限制在疾病的治疗与预防上？ 用法归纳 ① restrict vt. 限制，限定：restrict our use of this technology to ... 把我们对这项技术的使用限制在……；restrict sth to sth 把某物限定在某一范围。 ② 常见搭配：be restricted to (doing) sth 被限制在（做）某事上；restrict sb to sth 限制某人只能做某事；restriction n. 限制，约束。 ③ 辨析：restrict 强调“把范围或数量限定在某一界限内”，常与 to 连用；limit 强调“设定上限”，常与 to 连用（limit ... to ...）；prohibit 强调“以法令或规则禁止”，语气最强。 ④ 教材 Workbook 词汇复现：restricted 作形容词，意为“受限的，有限的”。 词汇拓展 restrict vt. 限制，限定 → restriction n. 限制，约束 → be restricted to 被限制在…… → limit vt. 限定 即时练习 ① Should we ________ （限制）our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? ② 翻译：研究人员的工作被限定在实验室之内。（提示：be restricted to） 知识点11：prohibit vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能　prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 — Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies?（Reading） 我们是否应当禁止遗传学家使用它来强化健康的身体？ 用法归纳 ① prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止：prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事；prohibit the use of sth 禁止使用某物。教材词表将 prohibit sb from doing sth 单列为一条。 ② 结构要点：prohibit 后的“禁止某人做某事”用 prohibit sb from doing sth，介词 from 不可省略（同类结构还有 stop/keep/prevent sb from doing sth）。 ③ 名词：prohibition n. 禁止；禁令（a prohibition on sth 对某事的禁令）。 ④ 辨析（三个“禁止”）：prohibit 强调“依据法令或规定正式禁止”，语气最强，书面色彩浓；forbid 强调“（个人、家长、老师）不许”，常用 forbid sb to do sth；ban 强调“官方明令取缔”，常用 ban sth / ban sb from doing sth。 词汇拓展 prohibit vt. 禁止 → prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 → prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 → forbid vt. 不许（forbid sb to do sth）→ ban vt. 明令取缔 即时练习 ① Should we prohibit geneticists ________ using it to enhance healthy bodies? ② The new law ________ （prohibit）the sale of tobacco to anyone under 18. ③ 微写作：我们学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。 易错提醒 prohibit / stop / prevent / keep sb from doing sth 四者中，只有 keep sb from doing 里的 from 在被动语态中可省；在主动语态里四个 from 都不能丢。 prohibit 的名词 prohibition 后接 on，不接 of：a prohibition on smoking。 知识点12：wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 — Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to worstle with such moral issues. 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。 用法归纳 ① wrestle with 意为“奋力对付，努力处理，全力解决”，后接 problem、question、issue、difficulty 等名词：wrestle with such moral issues 全力解决这样的道德问题；wrestle with a difficult decision 苦苦思索一个艰难的决定。 ② wrestle vi. & vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤。教材附录注释：wrestle with 意为“奋力对付，努力处理，全力解决”。教材附录例句：She helped me solve the problem I had been wrestling with for weeks.（她帮我解决了这个我好几个星期都在努力解决的问题。） ③ 常见搭配：wrestle with a problem 努力解决问题；wrestle with one's conscience 与自己的良知搏斗；wrestle sb to the ground 把某人摔倒在地（字面义）。 ④ 辨析：wrestle with 强调“长时间、费力气地对付难题”，带有“搏斗”的形象色彩；deal with 强调“处理、应对”，语气平实；tackle 强调“主动着手解决”，多用于问题、任务。 词汇拓展 wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 → wrestle vi. & vt. 奋力对付；摔跤 → deal with 处理，应对 → tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 即时练习 ① Scientists have long been ________（努力处理）the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan. ② She helped me solve the problem I had been ________ （wrestle）with for weeks. ③ 微写作：整整一个月我都在努力解决如何记住单词这个难题。 知识点13：put sth in place 准备就绪；落实到位，实施 — This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. 这意味着要落实恰当的管控措施，以确保基因组编辑对我们有利。 用法归纳 ① put sth in place 意为“把某物准备就绪、落实到位”，本句 putting appropriate controls in place 意为“落实恰当的管控措施”。 ② 结构要点：该短语的宾语可长可短，当宾语较长时也可说 put in place sth。 ③ 常见搭配：put a plan in place 落实一项计划；put safety measures in place 落实安全措施；be in place 已就绪、已到位（The controls are now in place. 管控措施现已到位。）。 ④ 辨析：put sth in place 强调“建立并使之开始运作”，侧重制度、措施的建立过程；carry out 强调“执行、实施”某个已定的计划；take measures 强调“采取措施”这一动作。 词汇拓展 put sth in place 准备就绪；落实到位 → be in place 已就绪，已到位 → take measures 采取措施 → carry out 执行，实施 即时练习 ① This means putting appropriate controls ________ place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. ② 翻译：学校已经落实了保护学生视力的措施。（提示：put ... in place） 知识点14：without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 — Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.（Reading） 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。 用法归纳 ① without doubt 意为“毫无疑问，的确”，在句中作状语，可置于句首（后用逗号隔开）、句中或句末。本句置于句首，起强调作用。 ② 同义表达：no doubt 无疑；undoubtedly adv. 无疑地；beyond doubt 毫无疑问（语气更强）；There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……（that 从句结构，高考写作高频句型）。 ③ 辨析：without doubt 与 no doubt 基本同义，但 without doubt 语气更坚决，常用于下肯定结论；no doubt 有时带有“想必、大概”的推测意味。 词汇拓展 without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 → There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问…… → undoubtedly adv. 无疑地 → debate vt. & vi. 讨论，辩论 即时练习 ① ________ doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. ② 翻译：毫无疑问，人们会持续讨论这个问题。（without doubt; debate） ③ 微写作：毫无疑问，基因组编辑将给医学带来巨大福祉。 知识点15：withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn) 脱离（社会），不与人交往；（使）撤回；（使）退出；停止提供 — After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago, I began to withdraw into myself, believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again. 当我两年前在一起车祸中失去右手之后，我开始变得不爱与人交往，觉得自己再也不能过正常的生活了。 用法归纳 ① withdraw into oneself 意为“脱离（社会），不与人交往”，是本单元的核心义项。教材附录注释：withdraw 还可以表示“（使）撤回，撤离；（使）退出”。 ② 常见搭配：withdraw from a competition 退出比赛（教材附录例句：she decided to withdraw from the competition）；withdraw one's armies 撤离军队；withdraw money from a bank 从银行取款；withdraw a remark 收回一句话。 ③ 动词变化：withdraw — withdrew — withdrawn，属不规则动词，与 draw — drew — drawn 同源，记忆时可类比。 ④ 辨析：withdraw 强调“主动退出、撤回”，可用于社交、比赛、军队、款项等多种语境；retreat 强调“（军队）撤退”或“躲避”，含被动意味；quit 强调“放弃、辞职”，多用于工作与习惯。 词汇拓展 withdraw vi. & vt. 脱离；撤回；退出 → withdraw into oneself 不与人交往 → withdraw from 从……退出 → withdrawal n. 撤回；退出；取款 即时练习 ① It shocked all of us that she decided to withdraw ________ the competition. ② 翻译：出乎所有人的意料，她在最后一刻退出了比赛。 知识点16：equip vt. 配备；使有能力 — I was equipped with an artificial hand, but it did not feel like part of me.（Grammar and usage） 我当时装配了一只假手，但它并不像是属于我身体的一部分。 用法归纳 ① equip vt. 配备；使有能力：be equipped with 装配着、配备着；equip sb with sth 给某人配备某物。 ② 常见搭配：equip ... with ... 用……装备……；be well equipped 装备精良、准备充分；be equipped to do sth 有能力做某事 ③ 名词：equipment n. 设备，器材（不可数名词，不可加 -s）。 ④ 辨析：equip 强调“为特定目的配备装备或能力”，常与 with 连用；furnish 强调“为房间配备家具”；provide 强调“供给、提供”，常用 provide sb with sth。 词汇拓展 equip vt. 配备；使有能力 → be equipped with 装配着，配备着 → equipment n. 设备，器材（不可数）→ provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 即时练习 ① Hopefully, more and more people in need of robotic limbs will be________ (equip) with them. ② The lab is equipped ________ the most advanced instruments. ③ 微写作：我理想中的教室配备着一块大屏和可调节的课桌。 知识点17：artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的 — Robotic limbs can do much more than conventional artificial limbs. 机械假肢能做的事情比传统的假肢多得多。 用法归纳 ① artificial adj. 人工的，人造的：artificial intelligence 人工智能；artificial limbs 假肢；an artificial hand 假手；artificial lakes 人工湖。 ② artificial adj. 人为的；虚假的：an artificial smile 假笑；artificial price controls 人为的价格管制。 ③ 常见搭配：artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能；artificial rain 人工降雨；artificial respiration 人工呼吸。 ④ 辨析：artificial 强调“人工制造的、非天然的”，与 natural 相对；man-made 与 artificial 基本同义，但 man-made 更口语，常用于 man-made fibres 人造纤维；false 强调“假的、不真实的”，与 true 相对，多用于 false teeth 假牙、false information 假信息。 词汇拓展 artificial adj. 人工的，人造的 → artificial intelligence 人工智能 → man-made adj. 人造的 → false adj. 假的 → conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的 即时练习 ① Robotic limbs can do much more than ________ (convention)artificial limbs.（教材 B2） ② An ________ (人造的)hand helped the girl lead a normal life again. 知识点18：disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的　disability n. 缺陷，障碍 — Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again: robotic limbs. 幸运的是，一项令人振奋的新进展可以帮助这些身体有残疾的人重新过上正常的生活，这就是机械假肢。 用法归纳 ① disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的：physically disabled people 身体有残疾的人；the disabled 残疾人（the + 形容词表一类人，作复数看待）。 ② 名词：disability n. 缺陷，障碍：people with disabilities 有残疾的人；overcome their disabilities 克服他们的残疾。 ③ 构词：dis-（否定前缀）+ able（有能力的）+ -ed → disabled。同类构词还有 disadvantage n. 劣势；disagree vi. 不同意；disappear vi. 消失。 ④ 辨析：disabled 指“身体或精神上有残疾的”；unable 指“（因某种原因）不能做某事的”，常作表语 be unable to do sth；inability n. 无能，无力，后接 to do。写作中表达“残疾人”宜用 people with disabilities 或 the disabled，避免生硬的 disabled people。 词汇拓展 disabled adj. 有残疾的 → disability n. 缺陷，障碍 → the disabled 残疾人（表一类人）→ unable adj. 不能的（be unable to do） 即时练习 ① Scientists are developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their ________.（disable） ② 翻译：这项技术帮助身体有残疾的人重新过上正常的生活。（提示：physically disabled） 易错提醒 disability 是可数名词，复数 disabilities 指多种障碍；不可把 disability 当不可数名词使用。 the + 形容词（the disabled / the old / the young）表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。 知识点19：fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给…提供燃料　n. 燃料 — A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth. 最近的一项全国性调查显示，大约四分之三的中学生佩戴眼镜，这引发了人们对中国青少年视力问题的担忧。 用法归纳 ① fuel vt. 增加，刺激，后常接 concern、fear、anger、anxiety、debate 等抽象名词作宾语：fuel concerns about ... 引发对……的担忧；fuel our anger 使我们勃然大怒。 ② fuel n. 燃料（不可数）：This new type of car uses fuel more efficiently.（ “这种新型汽车更高效地使用燃料”）。 ③ 句法要点：本句 fuelling concerns ... 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面整句话带来的自然结果，逻辑主语是前面整件事。这是高考语法填空与读后续写的高频结构。 ④ 辨析：fuel 强调“火上浇油般地加剧情绪或事态”，形象色彩强；increase 为中性词，仅表数量或程度上升；arouse 强调“唤起、激起”，常见 arouse one's interest/curiosity 激起兴趣／好奇心。 词汇拓展 fuel vt. 增加，刺激 → fuel n. 燃料 → fuel concerns about 引发对……的担忧 → arouse vt. 激起，唤起 即时练习 ① What he said ________ （fuel）our anger. ② The survey revealed that roughly three ________ of four high school students wear glasses. 知识点20：tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决（难题、任务） — The figures disturb the school authorities, who have decided to tackle this problem head-on. 这些数字令校方感到不安，他们已决定积极正面地解决这个问题。 用法归纳 ① tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决：tackle this problem head-on 积极正面地解决这个问题；tackle a difficult task 处理一项艰难的任务。 ② 常见搭配：tackle the problem/issue 解决问题；tackle the causes of ... 着手处理……的成因；tackle sb about sth 就某事与某人交涉。 ③ head-on 在本句中作副词，意为“积极地，果断地”，教材词表收录其两个义项：adv. 积极地，果断地；正面相撞地 / adj. 迎头相撞的；正面反对的。 ④ 辨析：tackle 强调“主动迎难而上地着手解决”，态度积极；deal with 强调“处理、应对”，语气中性；cope with 强调“（成功地）应付、对付”，常与压力、困难连用；solve 强调“找出答案、彻底解决”，常用于 solve a problem/puzzle。 词汇拓展 tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 → head-on adv. 积极地，果断地 → deal with 处理，应对 → cope with 应付，对付 → disturb vt. 使不安；打扰 即时练习 ① The school authorities have decided to ________ （解决）this problem head-on. ② 翻译：我们应该着手处理近视的成因，而不只是关注症状。（提示：tackle the causes of） 知识点21：go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 — No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. 第九中学就是那些不遗余力保护学生视力、并想出许多有效办法的学校之一。 用法归纳 ① go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事”，lengths 必须用复数。 ② 常见变体：go to any lengths to do sth 不惜一切代价做某事；go to considerable lengths to do sth 颇费周折地做某事。三者中 great 最常用。 ③ 句法要点：本句 coming up with many effective solutions 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明学校在“不遗余力”的同时“想出了办法”，两个动作由同一主语发出。 ④ 辨析：go to great lengths 强调“为了达到目的不惜付出巨大努力”，形象色彩强；spare no effort 强调“不遗余力”，书面色彩更浓；try one's best 为日常用语，语气最平实。 词汇拓展 go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 → spare no effort 不遗余力 → try one's best 尽某人最大努力 → come up with 想出，提出 即时练习 ① No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great ________（long）to protect students' eyes. ② 翻译：你们竭尽全力来帮助我，我非常感激。（grateful; go to great lengths） ③ 微写作：用 go to great lengths to do sth 写一句话，谈谈父母为你的成长所付出的努力。 知识点22 ：acupuncture n. 针刺疗法（针灸） — One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”, or Chinese acupuncture. 最著名的中医疗法之一是“神针”之术，也就是中国的针刺疗法。 用法归纳 ① acupuncture n. 针刺疗法，针灸：Chinese acupuncture 中国针灸； acupuncture points 穴位；an acupuncturist 针灸师。教材词表标注 * 号，属课程标准之外的词汇。 ② 常见搭配：get/receive an acupuncture treatment 接受针灸治疗；acupuncture has been used to treat ... 针灸已被用于治疗……；be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List 被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。 ③ 同根词：acupuncturist n. 针灸师；acupoint n. 穴位（教材用 acupuncture points）。 ④ 文化要点：教材指出针灸可追溯至石器时代（bian 砭石），公元 6 世纪传入日本等亚洲国家，约 16 世纪传入西方，2010 年被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，世界卫生组织推荐其用于 100 多种病症。 词汇拓展 acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 → acupuncturist n. 针灸师 → acupuncture points 穴位 → needle n. 针 → treatment n. 疗法，治疗 即时练习 ① One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”, or Chinese ________.（针灸） ② 翻译：针灸已被用于治疗范围很广的健康问题。（提示：a wide variety of） ③ 微写作： 中国针灸是最著名的传统疗法之一，有证据表明它可追溯到石器时代。如今它被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并在世界各地广泛使用。 知识点23：date back to 追溯到，始于，自…至今 — There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据表明，针刺疗法可以追溯到石器时代，当时一种被称为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体的部位。 用法归纳 ① date back to 意为“追溯到，始于，自……至今”，to 是介词，后接表示时间点的名词：date back to the Stone Age 追溯到石器时代；date back to the 5th century 始建于五世纪。 ② 时态要点：date back to 表示“从过去某时一直延续到现在”，故常用一般现在时（即使主语是古代事物），不用过去时，也不用被动语态。 ③ 常见表达：date from 与 date back to 同义（date from the 16th century）；date back + 时间段（后接一段时间，如 date back 2,000 years 追溯到两千年前）。 ④ 辨析：date back to 后接时间点（具体年代）；date back 后接时间段（多久以前）。两者不可混用：不可说 date back to 2,000 years，应说 date back 2,000 years 或 date back to 2000 BCE。 词汇拓展 date back to 追溯到（接时间点）→ date back 追溯（接时间段）→ date from 始于 → evidence n. 证据，证明 → There is evidence that ... 有证据表明…… 即时练习 ① This temple ________ （date）back to the 5th century. ② There is evidence that acupuncture dates back ________ the Stone Age. 知识点24：widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 — Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. 如今，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并已在世界范围内得到广泛使用。 用法归纳 ① widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的：come into widespread use 得到广泛使用；widespread concern 普遍的担忧；widespread support 广泛的支持。 ② 常见搭配：come into use 开始被使用（教材短语）；be in widespread use 被广泛使用；gain widespread acceptance 获得广泛认可。 ③ 构词：wide（广的）+ spread（散布，过去分词）→ widespread（散布得很广的）。同类复合形容词还有 well-known 众所周知的；far-reaching 影响深远的。 ④ 辨析：widespread 强调“分布或影响范围广”，多修饰抽象名词（use, concern, damage）；universal 强调“普遍的、全体的”，无一例外；common 强调“常见的、普通的”，与 rare 相对；popular 强调“受欢迎的”。 词汇拓展 widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的 → come into widespread use 得到广泛使用 → be recognized as 被公认为 → a symbol of ……的象征 → universal adj. 普遍的，全体的 即时练习 ① Acupuncture has come into ________ （普遍的）use around the world. ② 翻译：针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征。（提示：be recognized as） 知识点25：话题词汇拓展——医学、健康与医疗 下列词汇与短语为本单元高频话题词汇，建议按“医疗职业—基因与疾病—康复与辅助—中医与传统疗法”四条线归类记忆，并尝试用于本单元说明文写作与 Project 任务。 类别 词汇（英文） 中文释义 医疗职业与机构（medical staff and places） surgeon; physician; chemist; dentist; specialist; nurse; acupuncturist; clinic; department; emergency department; hospital 外科医生；内科医师；药剂师；牙科医生；专科医生；护士；针灸师；私人诊所；（医院的）科；急诊科；医院 基因与疾病（genes and diseases） gene; genome; cell; being; virus; cancer; lifespan; abnormal; infection; disease; symptom; treatment; prevention; resistance; flu 基因；基因组；细胞；生物；病毒；癌症；寿命；反常的；传染，感染；疾病；症状；治疗；预防；抵抗力；流感 医疗技术与研究（medical technology and research） genome editing; identify; relate to; delete; restore; restrict; prohibit; put sth in place; genetic marker; clinical trial; breakthrough; means; finding 基因组编辑；确认，发现；与……相关；删除；恢复；限制；禁止；落实到位；基因标记；临床试验；突破；方法；调研结果 康复与辅助（recovery and assistance） withdraw; equip; be equipped with; artificial; limb; robotic hand; disabled; disability; conventional; sensory; rubber; outgoing; grateful; patent 脱离（社会）；配备；装配着；人工的；肢；机械手；有残疾的；缺陷，障碍；传统的；感觉的；橡胶；外向的；感激的；专利 中医与传统疗法（traditional Chinese medicine） acupuncture; acupuncturist; needle; bian; acupuncture point; pulse; wrist; organ; tongue; date back to; stainless steel; anxiety; depression; abuse; substance; symbol; widespread 针刺疗法；针灸师；针；砭（石）；穴位；脉搏；手腕；器官；舌头；追溯到；不锈钢；焦虑；抑郁；滥用；物质；象征；广泛的 常用短语与表达（key phrases） without doubt; wrestle with; go to great lengths to do sth; put sth in place; a wide variety of; three out of four; come into use; be recognized as; have an effect on; play a critical role in; by means of; to name but a few 毫无疑问；努力处理；竭尽全力做某事；落实到位；多种多样的；四分之三；开始被使用；被公认为；对……有影响；在……中起关键作用；通过……方式；略举几例 拓展表达（背默） ● Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. 基因在塑造我们生命的过程中起着关键作用。 ● Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将给我们的医疗保健方式带来根本性的变革。 ● Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。 ● No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. 第九中学就是不遗余力保护学生视力、并想出许多有效办法的学校之一。 ● There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明，针刺疗法可以追溯到石器时代。 ● Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. 如今，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并已在世界范围内得到广泛使用。 单元语法：现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous tense） 一、构成形式 句式 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has been + 现在分词（doing） Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years.（教材 Grammar and usage） 否定句 主语 + have/has not been + 现在分词 I have not been sleeping well recently. 我最近一直睡不好。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ Has she been waiting for two hours? 她已经等了两个小时了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ What have you been doing, Dr Jones?（教材 B3） 说明：have 用于第一、二人称及复数主语，has 用于第三人称单数主语；been 为 be 的过去分词，其后必须接动词的现在分词形式，三者缺一不可。 二、教材原句观察 Grammar and usage 语篇（装配机械手的女孩的自述） — Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, and their work on robotic limbs has really changed my life. 近年来，科学家们在机器人技术方面不断取得巨大进展，他们关于机械假肢的研究真的改变了我的生活。 — Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand, and it constantly surprises me. 在过去的三个月里，我一直在测试我的新手能做什么的极限，而它不断给我惊喜。 — For example, I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand. 例如，自从装上新手以来，我又一直在为家人做饭了。 B Applying the rules 语篇（机械假肢说明文） — For some time, they have been hoping for better-quality artificial limbs. 一段时间以来，他们一直盼望着质量更好的假肢。 — Over the last few years, scientists have been developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities. 在过去的几年里，科学家们一直在开发新型假肢，以帮助人们克服身体障碍。 — We have been doing everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it. 我们一直在尽我们所能推进这项技术，而且我们不会为它申请专利。 三、核心用法 ① 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点、all day/morning、over the past/last ... 等时间状语连用。 例：Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years.（in recent years 表示“近年来”，动作从过去持续到现在并仍在继续。） ② 表示动作刚刚结束，但与现在仍有联系，强调动作造成的结果或影响（常见于“看得见的痕迹”）。 例：My mother has been writing a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight.（写了一上午，报告虽未完成，但已进行多时。） ③ 表示一段时间内反复进行、断断续续的动作，强调动作的持续性与重复性。 例：I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.（强调“做饭”这一行为自装上新手后反复发生。） ④ 表达礼貌、委婉的语气，或说明某状况的临时性（此时常与现在完成时意思接近）。 例：I have been waiting for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet.（强调等待的过程漫长，语气中含抱怨。） 四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 比较项 现在完成进行时（have been doing） 现在完成时（have done） 侧重点 强调动作的持续过程、延续性 强调动作的完成、结果 时间感 动作往往仍在继续 动作通常已经结束 典型状语 all day, for two hours, since, over the past ... already, yet, ever, just, three times 例句 I have been reading this medical report all morning.（读了整个上午，可能还在读） I have read three medical reports this morning.（读了三份，已完成） 特别提醒 现在完成进行时强调“过程”，现在完成时强调“结果”；同一动词用两种时态，意思差别很大。 非延续性动词（如 finish, start, die, buy, marry, join）一般不用于现在完成进行时，因为它们表示瞬间动作，不能持续。 表示状态的动词（如 know, be, have, like, belong）通常也不用进行时态，故一般不说 I have been knowing him for years。 常与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语：all day/morning/week, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, in recent years, over the past/last ..., for some time。 五、记忆口诀 完成进行两头牵，过去开始到现在； have/has 加 been 加 -ing，强调过程不间断； 若问结果用完成，若问过程用进行； 短暂动词要避开，for 与 since 常相伴。 六、语法精练 单句语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. I __________ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day. 2. I __________ (wait) for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet. 3. My mother __________ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight. 4. The company __________ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years. 5. Scientists __________ (do) research on the disease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century. 6. Over the past three months I __________ (test) out the limits of what I can do with my new hand. 7. Geneticists __________ (try) to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 8. We __________ (do) everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it. 单元句型与写作：健康类说明文——以“近视问题”为例 一、写作任务与结构 教材 Integrated skills D 要求写一篇关于中国学生近视问题的文章。说明文宜采用“提出现象—分析成因—给出建议”的三段式结构，全文用现在完成时或现在完成进行时描述现状，用一般现在时分析成因，用情态动词或祈使句提出建议。 段落 写作要点 可套用的句型 第一段：提出现象 用数据或调查结果引出近视问题在学生中的普遍性，并点明其引发的社会关注。 A recent national survey has revealed that ... 最近的一项全国性调查显示…… ..., fuelling concerns about ... ……，引发了人们对……的担忧。 Short-sightedness has become a serious problem among ... 近视已成为……中的一个严重问题。 第二段：分析成因 从遗传、用眼习惯、户外活动时间等角度分析近视的成因，注意因果关系的表达。 Such problems arise out of/arise from ... 此类问题源于…… ... is caused by ... ……是由……引起的。 Due to/Because of ..., more and more students ... 由于……，越来越多的学生…… 第三段：给出建议 从学校、家庭、个人三个层面提出可操作的改进建议，并以期望收束。 The situation could be improved if ... 如果……，情况可以得到改善。 An effective way to ... is ... 一个有效的……方法是…… It is my belief that ... 我相信…… I am looking forward to ... 我期待着…… 二、因果表达工具箱（教材 Expressions 板块） 表达类型 教材原句／短语 用法说明 介词短语表原因 Due to/Because of/As a result of ..., short-sightedness has become a serious problem. 后接名词或名词短语，不接句子；置于句首时用逗号隔开。 副词短语表结果 As a result/Consequently, more and more students ... 置于句首，后用逗号，引导结果分句。 连词表原因 Because ..., students ... 后接完整句子，可置于句首或句中。 动词短语表来源 Such problems arise out of/arise from ... arise from 意为“由……引起”，主语是结果，宾语是原因。 被动表因果 ... is caused by ... 强调“被……所导致”，by 后接原因。 三、高分句型公式 ① 数据引出现象：A recent survey has revealed that + 数据/现象，fuelling concerns about ... 　示例：A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth. ② 现在分词作结果状语：主句，+ v-ing ...（自然带出的结果） 　示例：The figures disturb the school authorities, who have decided to tackle this problem head-on. ③ 竭尽全力做某事：主语 + have gone to great lengths to do sth, v-ing ... 　示例：No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. ④ 因果链条：Due to/Because of + 名词，结果分句；Such problems arise from + 名词。 　示例：Such problems arise from spending a large amount of time reading or focusing on a smartphone screen. ⑤ 提出建议：An effective way to + 动词原形 + is + 名词/动名词；The situation could be improved if + 从句。 　示例：An effective way to protect our eyes is to take regular breaks and look at distant objects. ⑥ 表达信念与期待：It is my belief that + 从句；I am looking forward to + 名词/动名词。 　示例：It is my belief that every student will enjoy better eyesight if schools and parents work together. 四、微写作示范 题目：假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征文，请以“Short-sightedness among Chinese students”为题写一篇短文，内容包括：1. 现状；2. 成因；3. 你的建议。词数 80 左右。 （时间：45分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．The scientist has been ________ (提倡) the use of clean energy for many years. 2．Once in court, he w_________ (撤回)the statement he had made to the police. 3．There are ______ (广泛的) concerns over food safety in the country. 4．Marty is very outgoing and have learned to a_________ to his disability. (使适应) 5．I’d be very ________(感激的) if you could let me know as soon as possible. 6．The government introduced a law p__________ tobacco advertisements on TV. 7．The ___________(现象) suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain. 8．E_______________ with some advanced tools, they began their exploration. 9．The south of the country was worst a______ (影响) by the drought. 10．Someone who is d______________ has an illness, injury, or condition that tends to restrict the way that they can live their life, especially by making it difficult for them to move about. 11．These desks and seats can be ______ (调节) to the height of each child. 12．It is impossible to i________ the man among so many people. 13．The ________ clearly stated the delivery date and payment terms. 14．The Wolwedans runs on solar power, which means no sounds of generators to d________ (打扰) the natural beauty. 15．We need to t________ (处理，解决) the difficult problem before it becomes more serious. 16．We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by r_________ (限制) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 17．In ________ (努力处理, 全力解决) with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up the World Food Programme in 1963. 18．Eventually, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting a________ (不正常的) genes early on. 19．After the fierce competition, Taizhou team’s efforts u________ paid off, winning the final game. 20．Many serious misunderstandings a________ from poor communication weighed heavily on my mind. 2、 阅读理解 Passage A From an early age, we tend to divide ourselves and others into opposing groups — such as “smart vs. dumb” in school or “rich vs. poor” in adulthood. This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks. Once we assign people or ourselves to a group, several psychological effects take hold. First of all, the group members assume an identity. A label is placed on them, which over time achieves a level of permanency. For example, if you decide yourself as belonging to the “I’m really not creative” group, you tend to view yourself as primarily and permanently uncreative. The longer this belief lasts, the harder it is to change. Moreover, groups provide us with a false sense of comfort. By joining the “I’m not creative” group, we also conveniently protect ourselves from moving beyond the borders of that group into new and often unfamiliar areas. Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open, we resist the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t. There are not just many like-minded people in the group, but it offers a safe environment to work and play in. But the problem doesn’t end there. There is a tsunami of books and articles that use language such as the following: “Creative people are individuals like Leonardo, Edison, Picasso, or Einstein who have changed our culture in some important respects” and “Creative people are the ones who get ahead in their jobs, start new businesses, invent products... paint pictures, and make things of beauty.” When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group,” knowing that we can never measure up. However, as psychological research has convincingly demonstrated, creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone. So, be mindful of what you read. Sometimes, others may be putting you in a box without your knowing. 21．Why do many people refuse to step out of their comfort zone according to paragraph 3? A．They are not able to make changes. B．They feel secure within their own group. C．They have no chance to explore new areas. D．They dislike communicating with new people. 22．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Creative people are very few. B．Labels may limit our thoughts. C．All great people are creative. D．We can match great people easily. 23．What might the author agree with? A．Creativity belongs to everyone. B．Groups help us know ourselves. C．We should read more books. D．Labels help us identify others. 24．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Group Identity: Its Hidden Benefits. B．Age Groups: Key Comparisons. C．Social Labels: Their Hidden Harm. D．Creative Thinking: Ways to Develop It. Passage B American teenagers are redefining healthy living. After years of rising stress from school and social media, they are moving away from extreme diets and endless scrolling toward balanced habits. 25 Here is how the shift is taking shape. Mental health has become the top priority. More teens practice daily mindfulness, meditation (冥想) or journaling to manage stress. 26 Unlike past trends that focused on appearance, today’s youth care more about emotional health and inner peace. Sleep is getting long-overdue attention as well. Official data showed only 23% of teens got enough sleep in 2023, but the number is climbing. Many now avoid phones one hour before bed and create calm bedtime routines. 27 Some schools are even delaying start times to fit teenagers’ natural sleep cycles. 28 Instead of intense gym workouts, teens prefer casual exercise like walking, cycling or team sports with friends. Group fitness challenges shared online inspire movement without pressure, and daily activity levels have risen by 15% since 2023. Digital balance holds all these habits together. Teens are cutting mindless scrolling and using social media more intentionally — unfollowing toxic accounts and joining communities focused on health and creativity. 29 As one educator put it, this generation is not rejecting technology; they are simply learning to make it serve them, not the other way around. A．These small bedtime routines are paying off. B．Physical activity is making a quiet comeback. C．Experts doubt whether the trend can last long. D．Screen time for entertainment has dropped by 20% in two years. E．Quick fixes are giving way to routines they can actually keep. F．Schools support the change with mental health classes and yoga sessions. G．Social media companies are largely responsible for teens’ anxiety. 3、 完形填空 Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating? How about those who beautify their selfies (自拍) so much that they can’t be 30 ? There must be one or more who 31 in your social media. No matter 32 they choose to share, they share the best but the most unreal. Take my friend Chen as an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a 33 until all the dishes we ordered were on the table. Then, she would spend five minutes on 34 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact arranged order. Then the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 35 and click in the filter (过滤软件) app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was, but we had no 36 to really enjoy it — it all went cold. Actually Chen’s real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days. Many people care too much about others’ opinions and try hard to 37 others. They find it hard to be 38 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their real life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 39 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any change to reality, as they still 40 the same old pattern of life. If they really want an elegant life, they should put more 41 into achieving it 42 fabricating (伪造) it. Being more confident, 43 themselves and trying their best to be better is much more meaningful than 44 their life on social media. 30．A．envied B．admired C．recognized D．defeated 31．A．exist B．survive C．flood D．spot 32．A．how B．what C．where D．whom 33．A．bow B．break C．breath D．bite 34．A．cooking B．washing C．setting D．collecting 35．A．dishes B．restaurants C．pictures D．tables 36．A．chance B．choice C．excuse D．reason 37．A．comfort B．please C．inspire D．discourage 38．A．independent B．generous C．responsible D．confident 39．A．rarely B．hardly C．exactly D．nearly 40．A．question B．dislike C．doubt D．follow 41．A．effort B．ambitions C．feelings D．money 42．A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than 43．A．identifying B．accepting C．persuading D．amusing 44．A．simplifying B．ruining C．beautifying D．worsening 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese idiomatic term tieqiubiao, or “putting on autumn fat”, means gaining a little weight in early autumn by eating meals rich 45 protein and fat, including stewed meats, dumplings and nuts. Since ancient times, people have measured their weight at lixia, one of the 24 solar terms that 46 (mark) the beginning of summer, and compared it to their weight at liqiu, the beginning of autumn. This 47 (compare) helps them figure out how much weight they’ve lost during the hot months, hoping to gain sufficient weight 48 (weather) the upcoming cold season. This autumn, however, many are choosing to depart from tradition and instead shaking off the extra weight by eating what 49 (refer) to as qingshi, or literally, “light food.” “I think it’s 50 post-Olympic phenomenon. After you spent the summer watching those well-shaped athletes on TV you tend to reflect on your diet at midnight,” Li Xinwei, a college student in Beijing, 51 (tell) Beijing Review. Li’s words reflect a broader trend 52 (influence) by the recent Paris Olympic Games, and that is 53 has encouraged interest in athletes’ light food diets on social media platforms. This shift highlights a 54 (grow) awareness of nutrition and body image among younger generations in China. As young people favor light foods, they are also contributing to the growth of the healthy food economy. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 牛津译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 3 Fit for life（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境：健康与医疗——从基因组编辑、近视防控到中医针灸，围绕“医学进步、健康生活、传统医学文化”三条主线展开复习，积累医学与健康话题词汇及地道表达。 2. 词汇短语：掌握 genome, lifespan, contract, identify, relate to, means, restore, fundamental, pace, restrict, prohibit, wrestle with, put sth in place, without doubt, withdraw, equip, artificial, disabled, fuel, tackle, go to great lengths to do sth, acupuncture, date back to, widespread 等主题词汇与短语的用法。 3. 语法：系统梳理现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）——构成形式、三类核心用法及其与现在完成时的区别。 4. 句型：学习说明文写作（分析近视问题的现状、成因与对策），掌握“提出现象—分析成因—给出建议”的三段式结构，能运用因果表达使论证严密。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成进行时的形式与用法辨析；说明文三段式结构的展开与因果关系的表达。 难点：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别；非谓语动词在长句中的识别与翻译；医学类说明文中因果链条的准确表述。 单元词汇 知识点1：genome n. 基因组，染色体组 — The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. 一个细胞或生命体内部的整套基因被称为基因组。我们个人的基因组携带着使我们生长发育所需的全部信息。 用法归纳 ① genome n. 基因组，染色体组：the human genome 人类基因组；the complete set of genes 整套基因。教材同根词：gene n. 基因（短语 a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus 使他们更易感染某种病毒的基因）。 ② 同根词族（教材 B2 要求掌握的构词规律）：gene n. 基因 → genome n. 基因组 → genetic adj. 基因的，遗传的 → genetics n. 遗传学 → geneticist n. 遗传学家。后缀 -(t)ics/-(o)logy 表“某学科”，-(t)ic/-al 表“与……相关的”，-ist/-ian 表“研究某学科的人”。 ③ 常见搭配：genome editing 基因组编辑；the human genome project 人类基因组计划；make changes to the genome 对基因组作出改动。 ④ 辨析：gene 指单个“基因”，是可数名词；genome 指“整套基因组”，强调整体性，一个生物体只有一个 genome，故常用单数。 词汇拓展 genome n. 基因组，染色体组 → gene n. 基因 → genetic adj. 基因的；遗传学的 → genetics n. 遗传学 → geneticist n. 遗传学家 即时练习 ① The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a ________. ② Geneticists hope to make changes to the ________ (基因组)by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. ③ 微写作：我们个人的基因组携带着使我们生长发育所需的全部信息。遗传学家相信，基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的有效手段。 参考答案：①　genome ② genome　③Our personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. Geneticists believe that genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 知识点2：lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 — It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 它还包含有助于决定我们寿命长短、并影响我们感染某些疾病的概率的信息。 用法归纳 ① lifespan n. 寿命，有效期（复合词：life + span）：determine one's lifespan 决定某人的寿命；a long/short lifespan 寿命长／短。教材 Building your language 短语：a ripe old age 高龄。 ② 常见搭配：the average lifespan 平均寿命；extend/lengthen the lifespan 延长寿命；genetic markers that relate to human lifespans 与人类寿命相关的基因标记。 ③ 构词法：life（生命）+ span（跨度）→ lifespan（生命的跨度）。同类复合名词还有 lifetime n. 一生，终生；life expectancy 预期寿命。 ④ 辨析：lifespan 指“（生物的）寿命、（物品的）有效期”，可用于人也可用于物；life expectancy 为统计学用语，专指“预期寿命”，常见于人口统计语境。 词汇拓展 lifespan n. 寿命，有效期 → lifetime n. 一生，终生 → a ripe old age 高龄（教材 Building your language）→ affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染 即时练习 ① Scientists have discovered sixteen genetic markers that relate to human ________. ② 翻译：这一发现可能显著提高人们活到高龄的概率。（提示：a ripe old age） ③ 微写作：我认为健康的生活方式与基因一样，也在很大程度上决定我们的寿命。 参考答案：① lifespans　② This discovery could significantly enhance people's chances of living to a ripe old age.　③ I believe a healthy lifestyle helps determine our lifespan as much as our genes do. 【解析】① relate to 后接复数名词表泛指，human lifespans 意为“人类的寿命”，填 lifespans。② 教材 Building your language 原句为 This could significantly enhance people's chances of living to a ripe old age.，enhance one's chances of doing sth 意为“提高某人做某事的概率”。③ determine one's lifespan 为课文原句搭配，写作中可直接迁移。 知识点3：contract vt. 感染（疾病）；与…订立合同（或契约）　n. 合同，合约 — It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.（Reading） 它还包含有助于决定我们寿命长短、并影响我们感染某些疾病的概率的信息。 用法归纳 ① contract vt. 感染（疾病），用于较正式的语境：contract a disease 感染疾病；contract a virus 感染病毒。教材附录注释明确指出：contract 意为“感染，患（病）”，用在比较正式的语境中。 ② contract vt. 与……订立合同（或契约）：contract a formal agreement 订立正式协议。作名词时读 /ˈkɒntrækt/，意为“合同，合约”：sign a contract 签订合同。 ③ 读音区分：动词读作 /kənˈtrækt/（重音在后），名词读作 /ˈkɒntrækt/（重音在前）；同一拼写因词性不同而重音移位，是高考听音辨义的常见考点。 ④ 辨析：contract 强调“染上疾病”，正式且书面；catch 为普通用语（catch a cold 感冒）；develop 强调“逐渐患上”（develop a particular form of cancer 患上某种癌症）；infect 强调“传染给他人”，多用于被动 be infected with。 词汇拓展 contract vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 → contract n. 合同，合约 → catch vt. 感染，染上（普通用语）→ develop vt. 逐渐患上（疾病） 即时练习 ① Unfortunately he ________ (contract)cancer at a very young age. ② The chances of ________ (contract)a certain virus vary from person to person. ③ 微写作：用 contract 写一句话，说明勤洗手能降低感染疾病的风险。 参考答案：① contracted　② contracting　③Washing our hands regularly lowers the risk of contracting certain diseases. 勤洗手能降低感染某些疾病的风险。 【解析】① 由 at a very young age 可知为过去发生的事，用一般过去时 contracted；教材附录例句即为 Unfortunately he contracted cancer at a very young age.② 介词 of 后接动名词，affect one's chances of contracting ... 为课文原句结构，填 contracting。③ the risk of contracting ... 为课文结构的自然迁移，注意 of 后必须用动名词。 易错提醒 contract 作“感染”讲时是及物动词，直接接疾病名称，不加 with；而 be infected with 才用 with。 写作中若想表达“患上癌症”，用 develop cancer 比 contract cancer 语气更自然；contract 多用于正式科普语境。 知识点4：identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份 — Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 遗传学家一直在努力确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的一种有效手段。 用法归纳 ① identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出：identify which genes relate to which diseases 确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关；identify the cause of a disease 确定病因。 ② 常见搭配：identify sb/sth as ... 确认某人／某物为……；be identified with ... 与……相关联；Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been identified（教材 Extended reading，意为“迄今为止已有 360 多个穴位被确认”）。 ③ 名词：identification n. 确认；身份证明；identity n. 身份；identifiable adj. 可识别的。 ④ 辨析：identify 强调“经过调查或分析后确认、找出”；recognize 强调“认出曾经见过或知道的人或物”；find 为普通用语，仅表“找到”。本句 identify 后接 wh- 从句，是高考语法填空高频结构。 词汇拓展 identify vt. 找到，发现；确认 → identification n. 确认；身份证明 → identity n. 身份 → recognize vt. 认出，辨认出 即时练习 ① Geneticists have been trying to ________ (identify)which genes relate to which diseases. ② Up to now, more than 360 acupuncture points have been ________.(identify) ③ 微写作：医生只有查明病因，才能选择正确的治疗方案。 参考答案：① identify　② identified　③Only after doctors identify the cause of the disease can they choose the right treatment. 【解析】① try to do sth 后接动词原形，且句意为“努力确定”，填 identify。② Up to now 意为“迄今为止”，常与现在完成时连用；主语 acupuncture points 与 identify 是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态 have been identified。③ identify the cause of the disease 为课文搭配的迁移；注意 Only after ... 置于句首时主句需部分倒装（can they choose）。 知识点5：relate to 涉及，与…相关 — This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers that relate to human lifespans.（Building your language） 本周，一个驻瑞士的科学家团队宣布发现了十六个与人类寿命相关的基因标记。 用法归纳 ① relate to 意为“涉及，与……相关”，to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词：relate to human lifespans 与人类寿命相关；relate to the question 与这一问题相关。 ② relate vt. & vi. 联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述。教材词表分列 relate 与 relate to 两个词条，注意 relate 作及物动词时常用于 relate A to B（把 A 与 B 联系起来）。 ③ 常见搭配：be related to 与……有关（形容词 + 介词，相当于 relate to）；relate to sb 理解某人、与某人产生共鸣；in relation to 关于，涉及。 ④ 辨析：relate to 强调“两事物之间存在关联”；be connected with 强调“有连接或联系”，教材同义表达为 be tied to（与……紧密相关）；be linked to 强调“被关联到”，教材 Extended reading 有 each linked to a different part of the body。 词汇拓展 relate to 涉及，与…相关 → be related to 与……有关 → be tied to 与……紧密相关（教材 Building your language）→ be linked to 被关联到（教材 Extended reading） 即时练习 ① Everything from the ageing process to the development of deadly diseases is tied ________ an individual's genetic make-up. ② 翻译：科学家们长期以来一直在努力解决哪个基因标记预示寿命长短的问题。（提示：wrestle with） ③ 微写作：我们每天的饮食与我们的健康密切相关。 参考答案：① to　② Scientists have long been wrestling with the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan.　③What we eat every day relates closely to our health. 【解析】① be tied to 为教材 Building your language 原句搭配，to 是介词，填 to。② 教材原句为 Scientists have long been (4) ______ the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan.，填 wrestling with；句首有 have long been，故用现在完成进行时。③ relate to 后接名词 our health；relate closely to 意为“与……密切相关”。 知识点6：means n. (pl. means) 方法，方式；财富，钱财 — Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. 遗传学家一直在努力确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗与预防疾病的一种有效手段。 用法归纳 ① means n. 方法，方式，单复数同形（pl. means）：an effective means of disease treatment 治疗疾病的有效手段；a means of transport 交通工具。 ② 主谓一致：means 作主语时，视语义决定谓语单复数——表单数概念（一种方法）用单数动词，表复数概念（多种方法）用复数动词。本句有不定冠词 an，故表单数。 ③ 常见搭配：by means of 通过……方式（教材附录例句：by means of hard work 通过勤奋努力）；by all means 当然可以；by no means 绝不（置于句首时主句需部分倒装）。 ④ 辨析：means 侧重“为达目的而采用的手段或方法”，单复数同形；way 最普通，可说 a way to do/of doing；method 强调“有系统、有条理的方法”；approach 后接 to + 名词／动名词。 词汇拓展 means n. 方法，方式（单复数同形）→ by means of 通过……方式 → by no means 绝不 → method n. 方法（系统的） 即时练习 ① He won first prize in the writing competition ________ means of hard work. ② Genome editing is an effective ________ (mean)of disease treatment and prevention. ③ 微写作：我通过每天看英语短视频来提高听力。 参考答案：① by　② means　③I improve my listening by means of watching short English videos every day. 【解析】①by means of hard work，意为“通过勤奋努力”，填 by。② 由不定冠词 an 可知其后为单数名词，means 单复数同形，填 means。③ by means of 后接名词或动名词，不接动词原形，这是该短语最常见的错误点。 知识点7：restore vt. 恢复；修复；使复原，使复位 — Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. 也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。 用法归纳 ① restore vt. 恢复（某种情况或感受）：restore a blind person's vision 恢复盲人的视力；restore one's sight 恢复视力。教材附录注释：restore 后面常接 order、confidence、faith、peace 等名词作宾语。 ② 常见搭配：restore sth to ... 把某物恢复到……（restore the temple to its former glory 使庙宇重现昔日辉煌）；restore order 恢复秩序。 ③ 名词：restoration n. 恢复；修复；（旧建筑或艺术品的）修复。 ④ 辨析：restore 强调“使回到原先的良好状态”，宾语多为抽象名词（视力、信心、秩序）；recover 强调“（主体自己）康复、恢复”，常用 recover from an illness 从疾病中康复；repair 强调“修理损坏的具体物品”。 词汇拓展 restore vt. 恢复；修复 → restoration n. 恢复；修复 → recover vi. & vt. 康复，恢复（recover from）→ vision n. 视力；视野 即时练习 ① Please have faith in this treatment. It will gradually ________ (恢复)your sight. ② Her friend's kindness has ________ （restore）her faith in friendship. ③ 微写作：老师的鼓励让我重拾了学习英语的信心。 参考答案：① restore　② restored　③My teacher's encouragement restored my confidence in learning English. 【解析】① 由 will 可知后接动词原形；restore one's sight 意为“恢复视力”，与课文 restore a blind person's vision 同义，填 restore。② 由 has 可知为现在完成时，填过去分词 restored；教材附录例句原句为 Her friend's kindness has restored her faith in friendship.③ restore one's confidence/faith in ... 为教材附录给出的典型搭配。 知识点8：fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的；基础的，基本的　n. 基本规律，根本法则，基础 — Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将给我们的医疗保健方式带来根本性的变革。 用法归纳 ① fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的：a fundamental change 根本性的变化；a fundamental difference 根本区别。教材 Workbook D2 有“气候变化正对我们的环境造成根本性的影响”。 ② fundamental adj. 基础的，基本的：fundamental principles 基本原则；the fundamentals of grammar 语法基础（作名词时常用复数 fundamentals）。 ③ 常见搭配：be fundamental to sth 对某事至关重要（Water is fundamental to life. 水对生命至关重要）；a fundamental change in ... 在……方面的根本性变化。 ④ 辨析：fundamental 强调“根本的、不可或缺的”，影响的是本质；basic 强调“基础的、初级的”，多指层次低或起步阶段；essential 强调“必不可少的”，常与 to/for 连用。 词汇拓展 fundamental adj. 十分重大的，根本的 → be fundamental to 对……至关重要 → basic adj. 基础的 → essential adj. 必不可少的 → weapon n. 武器，手段 即时练习 ① Genome editing will lead to a ________ change in our approach to health care. ② 翻译：气候变化正对我们的环境造成根本性的影响。 ③ 微写作：充足的睡眠对我们的健康至关重要。 参考答案：① fundamental　② Climate change is having a fundamental impact on our environment.　③（示例）Enough sleep is fundamental to our health. 【解析】① 由 a ... change 可知需形容词，且与“根本性变革”语义吻合，填 fundamental。② 教材 Workbook D2 参考答案为 Climate change is having a fundamental effect/influence on our environment.，注意 fundamental 修饰 effect/influence/impact 均可。③ be fundamental to 中 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。 知识点9：pace n. 发生的速度，节奏；步速；快节奏　vi. & vt. 来回踱步；确定速度，调整节奏 — As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，随着这项技术持续快速发展，关于如何恰当使用它的问题也随之出现。 用法归纳 ① pace n. 发生的速度，节奏：at a fast pace 以很快的速度；at a steady pace 以稳健的速度；the pace of life 生活节奏。教材 Building your language 有 quicken the pace of the study 加快研究进度。 ② pace vi. & vt. 来回踱步，走来走去；确定速度，调整节奏：pace up and down 来回踱步；pace oneself 调整自己的节奏（长跑中的“配速”）。 ③ 常见搭配：keep pace with 跟上……的步伐；set the pace 定速度，起带头作用；at one's own pace 按照自己的节奏。 ④ 辨析：pace 强调“进展或运动的速率”，常用于抽象事物的发展；speed 强调“物体运动的速度”，多用于具体交通、机械；rate 强调“比率、频率”，教材 Reading 有 at the rate at which AI is being developed（Unit 4）。三者不可随意互换。 词汇拓展 pace n. 速度，节奏 → keep pace with 跟上……的步伐 → at a fast pace 以很快的速度 → speed n. 速度（具体的）→ arise vi. 发生，出现（arose, arisen） 即时练习 ① The discovery may quicken the ________ （节奏）of the study on genes and human lifespans.（教材 Building your language） ② As the technology continues to develop ________ a fast pace, questions arise. ③ 微写作：每个人都应该被允许按照自己的节奏学习，因为理解比速度更重要。 参考答案：① pace　② at　③Everyone should be allowed to learn at his or her own pace, because understanding matters more than speed. 【解析】① 教材 Building your language 原句为 The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) ______ of the study on genes and human lifespans，填 pace；quicken the pace of 意为“加快……的进度”。② at a ... pace 为固定介词搭配，填 at。③ at one's own pace 意为“按照自己的节奏”，pace 在此为“节奏”义。 知识点10：restrict vt. 限制，限定；束缚，妨碍；约束，管束 — Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? 我们是否应当把这项技术的使用限制在疾病的治疗与预防上？ 用法归纳 ① restrict vt. 限制，限定：restrict our use of this technology to ... 把我们对这项技术的使用限制在……；restrict sth to sth 把某物限定在某一范围。 ② 常见搭配：be restricted to (doing) sth 被限制在（做）某事上；restrict sb to sth 限制某人只能做某事；restriction n. 限制，约束。 ③ 辨析：restrict 强调“把范围或数量限定在某一界限内”，常与 to 连用；limit 强调“设定上限”，常与 to 连用（limit ... to ...）；prohibit 强调“以法令或规则禁止”，语气最强。 ④ 教材 Workbook 词汇复现：restricted 作形容词，意为“受限的，有限的”。 词汇拓展 restrict vt. 限制，限定 → restriction n. 限制，约束 → be restricted to 被限制在…… → limit vt. 限定 即时练习 ① Should we ________ （限制）our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? ② 翻译：研究人员的工作被限定在实验室之内。（提示：be restricted to） 参考答案：① restrict　② The researchers' work is restricted to the laboratory. 【解析】① 情态动词 should 后接动词原形，且句意为“限制使用”，填 restrict；restrict one's use of sth to sth 为课文原句结构。② be restricted to 中 to 是介词，后接名词 the laboratory；注意该结构的被动形式中 to 不可省。 知识点11：prohibit vt. （尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能　prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 — Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies?（Reading） 我们是否应当禁止遗传学家使用它来强化健康的身体？ 用法归纳 ① prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止：prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事；prohibit the use of sth 禁止使用某物。教材词表将 prohibit sb from doing sth 单列为一条。 ② 结构要点：prohibit 后的“禁止某人做某事”用 prohibit sb from doing sth，介词 from 不可省略（同类结构还有 stop/keep/prevent sb from doing sth）。 ③ 名词：prohibition n. 禁止；禁令（a prohibition on sth 对某事的禁令）。 ④ 辨析（三个“禁止”）：prohibit 强调“依据法令或规定正式禁止”，语气最强，书面色彩浓；forbid 强调“（个人、家长、老师）不许”，常用 forbid sb to do sth；ban 强调“官方明令取缔”，常用 ban sth / ban sb from doing sth。 词汇拓展 prohibit vt. 禁止 → prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事 → prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 → forbid vt. 不许（forbid sb to do sth）→ ban vt. 明令取缔 即时练习 ① Should we prohibit geneticists ________ using it to enhance healthy bodies? ② The new law ________ （prohibit）the sale of tobacco to anyone under 18. ③ 微写作：我们学校禁止学生在课堂上使用手机。 参考答案：① from　② prohibits　③Our school prohibits students from using mobile phones in class. 【解析】① prohibit sb from doing sth 为固定结构，from 是介词，填 from。② 主语 the new law 为第三人称单数，谓语动词用 prohibits（用 bans 亦可，但 ban 后不接 from）。③ 注意 prohibit sb from doing 与 forbid sb to do 的结构差别：前者接 from + 动名词，后者接不定式。 易错提醒 prohibit / stop / prevent / keep sb from doing sth 四者中，只有 keep sb from doing 里的 from 在被动语态中可省；在主动语态里四个 from 都不能丢。 prohibit 的名词 prohibition 后接 on，不接 of：a prohibition on smoking。 知识点12：wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 — Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to worstle with such moral issues. 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。 用法归纳 ① wrestle with 意为“奋力对付，努力处理，全力解决”，后接 problem、question、issue、difficulty 等名词：wrestle with such moral issues 全力解决这样的道德问题；wrestle with a difficult decision 苦苦思索一个艰难的决定。 ② wrestle vi. & vt. 奋力对付，努力处理；摔跤。教材附录注释：wrestle with 意为“奋力对付，努力处理，全力解决”。教材附录例句：She helped me solve the problem I had been wrestling with for weeks.（她帮我解决了这个我好几个星期都在努力解决的问题。） ③ 常见搭配：wrestle with a problem 努力解决问题；wrestle with one's conscience 与自己的良知搏斗；wrestle sb to the ground 把某人摔倒在地（字面义）。 ④ 辨析：wrestle with 强调“长时间、费力气地对付难题”，带有“搏斗”的形象色彩；deal with 强调“处理、应对”，语气平实；tackle 强调“主动着手解决”，多用于问题、任务。 词汇拓展 wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 → wrestle vi. & vt. 奋力对付；摔跤 → deal with 处理，应对 → tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 即时练习 ① Scientists have long been ________（努力处理）the question about which genetic markers indicate a short or long lifespan. ② She helped me solve the problem I had been ________ （wrestle）with for weeks. ③ 微写作：整整一个月我都在努力解决如何记住单词这个难题。 参考答案：① wrestling with　② wrestling　③I have been wrestling with the problem of how to remember new words for a whole month. 【解析】① 由 have long been 可知为现在完成进行时，填 wrestling with。② 由 had been 可知为过去完成进行时，填 wrestling；教材附录例句原句为 She helped me solve the problem I had been wrestling with for weeks.③ have been wrestling with 用现在完成进行时，强调“从过去持续到现在、仍在努力”，与 wrestle with 的“长时间搏斗”语义天然契合。 知识点13：put sth in place 准备就绪；落实到位，实施 — This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. 这意味着要落实恰当的管控措施，以确保基因组编辑对我们有利。 用法归纳 ① put sth in place 意为“把某物准备就绪、落实到位”，本句 putting appropriate controls in place 意为“落实恰当的管控措施”。 ② 结构要点：该短语的宾语可长可短，当宾语较长时也可说 put in place sth。 ③ 常见搭配：put a plan in place 落实一项计划；put safety measures in place 落实安全措施；be in place 已就绪、已到位（The controls are now in place. 管控措施现已到位。）。 ④ 辨析：put sth in place 强调“建立并使之开始运作”，侧重制度、措施的建立过程；carry out 强调“执行、实施”某个已定的计划；take measures 强调“采取措施”这一动作。 词汇拓展 put sth in place 准备就绪；落实到位 → be in place 已就绪，已到位 → take measures 采取措施 → carry out 执行，实施 即时练习 ① This means putting appropriate controls ________ place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. ② 翻译：学校已经落实了保护学生视力的措施。（提示：put ... in place） 参考答案：① in　② The school has put measures in place to protect students' eyes. 【解析】① put sth in place 为固定短语，in place 不可拆分也不可省略，填 in。② put measures in place 意为“落实措施”；若把 measures 放在最后，也可写作 put in place measures to protect students' eyes。 知识点14：without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 — Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.（Reading） 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。 用法归纳 ① without doubt 意为“毫无疑问，的确”，在句中作状语，可置于句首（后用逗号隔开）、句中或句末。本句置于句首，起强调作用。 ② 同义表达：no doubt 无疑；undoubtedly adv. 无疑地；beyond doubt 毫无疑问（语气更强）；There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……（that 从句结构，高考写作高频句型）。 ③ 辨析：without doubt 与 no doubt 基本同义，但 without doubt 语气更坚决，常用于下肯定结论；no doubt 有时带有“想必、大概”的推测意味。 词汇拓展 without doubt 毫无疑问，的确 → There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问…… → undoubtedly adv. 无疑地 → debate vt. & vi. 讨论，辩论 即时练习 ① ________ doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. ② 翻译：毫无疑问，人们会持续讨论这个问题。（without doubt; debate） ③ 微写作：毫无疑问，基因组编辑将给医学带来巨大福祉。 参考答案：① Without　② Without doubt, people will continue to debate this issue.　③（示例）There is no doubt that genome editing will bring great benefits to medicine. 【解析】① without doubt 为固定短语，句首首字母大写，填 Without。② continue to do sth 意为“继续做某事”，debate 在此为及物动词，直接接宾语 this issue。③ There is no doubt that ... 中 that 引导同位语从句，that 不能省略，也不可用 whether。 知识点15：withdraw vi. & vt. (withdrew, withdrawn) 脱离（社会），不与人交往；（使）撤回；（使）退出；停止提供 — After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago, I began to withdraw into myself, believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again. 当我两年前在一起车祸中失去右手之后，我开始变得不爱与人交往，觉得自己再也不能过正常的生活了。 用法归纳 ① withdraw into oneself 意为“脱离（社会），不与人交往”，是本单元的核心义项。教材附录注释：withdraw 还可以表示“（使）撤回，撤离；（使）退出”。 ② 常见搭配：withdraw from a competition 退出比赛（教材附录例句：she decided to withdraw from the competition）；withdraw one's armies 撤离军队；withdraw money from a bank 从银行取款；withdraw a remark 收回一句话。 ③ 动词变化：withdraw — withdrew — withdrawn，属不规则动词，与 draw — drew — drawn 同源，记忆时可类比。 ④ 辨析：withdraw 强调“主动退出、撤回”，可用于社交、比赛、军队、款项等多种语境；retreat 强调“（军队）撤退”或“躲避”，含被动意味；quit 强调“放弃、辞职”，多用于工作与习惯。 词汇拓展 withdraw vi. & vt. 脱离；撤回；退出 → withdraw into oneself 不与人交往 → withdraw from 从……退出 → withdrawal n. 撤回；退出；取款 即时练习 ① It shocked all of us that she decided to withdraw ________ the competition. ② 翻译：出乎所有人的意料，她在最后一刻退出了比赛。 参考答案：① from　② To everyone's surprise, she withdrew from the competition at the last moment. 【解析】① withdraw from 为固定搭配，意为“从……中退出”，填 from。② 由“退出了”可知用一般过去时 withdrew；教材 Workbook 原句为“出乎所有人的意料，她在最后一刻退出了比赛”，其中 at the last moment 意为“在最后一刻”。 知识点16：equip vt. 配备；使有能力 — I was equipped with an artificial hand, but it did not feel like part of me.（Grammar and usage） 我当时装配了一只假手，但它并不像是属于我身体的一部分。 用法归纳 ① equip vt. 配备；使有能力：be equipped with 装配着、配备着；equip sb with sth 给某人配备某物。 ② 常见搭配：equip ... with ... 用……装备……；be well equipped 装备精良、准备充分；be equipped to do sth 有能力做某事 ③ 名词：equipment n. 设备，器材（不可数名词，不可加 -s）。 ④ 辨析：equip 强调“为特定目的配备装备或能力”，常与 with 连用；furnish 强调“为房间配备家具”；provide 强调“供给、提供”，常用 provide sb with sth。 词汇拓展 equip vt. 配备；使有能力 → be equipped with 装配着，配备着 → equipment n. 设备，器材（不可数）→ provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 即时练习 ① Hopefully, more and more people in need of robotic limbs will be________ (equip) with them. ② The lab is equipped ________ the most advanced instruments. ③ 微写作：我理想中的教室配备着一块大屏和可调节的课桌。 参考答案：①equipped　② with　③My ideal classroom is equipped with a large screen and adjustable desks. 【解析】① 由 will 可知后接动词原形；主语 people 与 equip 是被动关系，故用 be equipped with，填equipped。② be equipped with 为固定搭配，with 不可换成 by 或 in，填 with。③ equipment 是不可数名词，写作中说“一件设备”要用 a piece of equipment，不能说 an equipment。 知识点17：artificial adj. 人工的，人造的；人为的；虚假的 — Robotic limbs can do much more than conventional artificial limbs. 机械假肢能做的事情比传统的假肢多得多。 用法归纳 ① artificial adj. 人工的，人造的：artificial intelligence 人工智能；artificial limbs 假肢；an artificial hand 假手；artificial lakes 人工湖。 ② artificial adj. 人为的；虚假的：an artificial smile 假笑；artificial price controls 人为的价格管制。 ③ 常见搭配：artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能；artificial rain 人工降雨；artificial respiration 人工呼吸。 ④ 辨析：artificial 强调“人工制造的、非天然的”，与 natural 相对；man-made 与 artificial 基本同义，但 man-made 更口语，常用于 man-made fibres 人造纤维；false 强调“假的、不真实的”，与 true 相对，多用于 false teeth 假牙、false information 假信息。 词汇拓展 artificial adj. 人工的，人造的 → artificial intelligence 人工智能 → man-made adj. 人造的 → false adj. 假的 → conventional adj. 传统的，习惯的 即时练习 ① Robotic limbs can do much more than ________ (convention)artificial limbs.（教材 B2） ② An ________ (人造的)hand helped the girl lead a normal life again. 参考答案：① conventional　② artificial 【解析】① 教材 B2 原句为 Robotic limbs can do much more than conventional artificial limbs.，意为“机械假肢远比传统假肢能做更多的事”，填 conventional（传统的，常规的）。② 修饰 hand 需形容词，且与“帮助女孩重新过上正常生活”的语境吻合，填 artificial（人造的）。 知识点18：disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的　disability n. 缺陷，障碍 — Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help these physically disabled people lead a normal life again: robotic limbs. 幸运的是，一项令人振奋的新进展可以帮助这些身体有残疾的人重新过上正常的生活，这就是机械假肢。 用法归纳 ① disabled adj. 有残疾的，丧失能力的：physically disabled people 身体有残疾的人；the disabled 残疾人（the + 形容词表一类人，作复数看待）。 ② 名词：disability n. 缺陷，障碍：people with disabilities 有残疾的人；overcome their disabilities 克服他们的残疾。 ③ 构词：dis-（否定前缀）+ able（有能力的）+ -ed → disabled。同类构词还有 disadvantage n. 劣势；disagree vi. 不同意；disappear vi. 消失。 ④ 辨析：disabled 指“身体或精神上有残疾的”；unable 指“（因某种原因）不能做某事的”，常作表语 be unable to do sth；inability n. 无能，无力，后接 to do。写作中表达“残疾人”宜用 people with disabilities 或 the disabled，避免生硬的 disabled people。 词汇拓展 disabled adj. 有残疾的 → disability n. 缺陷，障碍 → the disabled 残疾人（表一类人）→ unable adj. 不能的（be unable to do） 即时练习 ① Scientists are developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their ________.（disable） ② 翻译：这项技术帮助身体有残疾的人重新过上正常的生活。（提示：physically disabled） 参考答案：① disabilities　② This technology helps physically disabled people lead a normal life again. 【解析】① 教材 B2 原句为 new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities，由 their 可知需复数名词，填 disabilities。② physically disabled 意为“身体有残疾的”，physically 是副词，修饰形容词 disabled；help sb (to) do sth 中 to 可省略。 易错提醒 disability 是可数名词，复数 disabilities 指多种障碍；不可把 disability 当不可数名词使用。 the + 形容词（the disabled / the old / the young）表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。 知识点19：fuel vt. 增加，刺激；给…提供燃料　n. 燃料 — A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth. 最近的一项全国性调查显示，大约四分之三的中学生佩戴眼镜，这引发了人们对中国青少年视力问题的担忧。 用法归纳 ① fuel vt. 增加，刺激，后常接 concern、fear、anger、anxiety、debate 等抽象名词作宾语：fuel concerns about ... 引发对……的担忧；fuel our anger 使我们勃然大怒。 ② fuel n. 燃料（不可数）：This new type of car uses fuel more efficiently.（ “这种新型汽车更高效地使用燃料”）。 ③ 句法要点：本句 fuelling concerns ... 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面整句话带来的自然结果，逻辑主语是前面整件事。这是高考语法填空与读后续写的高频结构。 ④ 辨析：fuel 强调“火上浇油般地加剧情绪或事态”，形象色彩强；increase 为中性词，仅表数量或程度上升；arouse 强调“唤起、激起”，常见 arouse one's interest/curiosity 激起兴趣／好奇心。 词汇拓展 fuel vt. 增加，刺激 → fuel n. 燃料 → fuel concerns about 引发对……的担忧 → arouse vt. 激起，唤起 即时练习 ① What he said ________ （fuel）our anger. ② The survey revealed that roughly three ________ of four high school students wear glasses. 参考答案：① fuelled（美式 fueled）　② out 【解析】① 教材附录例句原句为 What he said fuelled our anger.，意为“他所说的话使我们勃然大怒”；英式拼写 fuelled 需双写 l，美式写作 fueled。② three out of four 意为“四分之三”，是英语中表达比例的常见说法，相当于 three fourths 或 75%。 知识点20：tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决（难题、任务） — The figures disturb the school authorities, who have decided to tackle this problem head-on. 这些数字令校方感到不安，他们已决定积极正面地解决这个问题。 用法归纳 ① tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决：tackle this problem head-on 积极正面地解决这个问题；tackle a difficult task 处理一项艰难的任务。 ② 常见搭配：tackle the problem/issue 解决问题；tackle the causes of ... 着手处理……的成因；tackle sb about sth 就某事与某人交涉。 ③ head-on 在本句中作副词，意为“积极地，果断地”，教材词表收录其两个义项：adv. 积极地，果断地；正面相撞地 / adj. 迎头相撞的；正面反对的。 ④ 辨析：tackle 强调“主动迎难而上地着手解决”，态度积极；deal with 强调“处理、应对”，语气中性；cope with 强调“（成功地）应付、对付”，常与压力、困难连用；solve 强调“找出答案、彻底解决”，常用于 solve a problem/puzzle。 词汇拓展 tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 → head-on adv. 积极地，果断地 → deal with 处理，应对 → cope with 应付，对付 → disturb vt. 使不安；打扰 即时练习 ① The school authorities have decided to ________ （解决）this problem head-on. ② 翻译：我们应该着手处理近视的成因，而不只是关注症状。（提示：tackle the causes of） 参考答案：① tackle　② We should tackle the causes of short-sightedness rather than focus only on its symptoms. 【解析】① decide to do sth 后接动词原形，且与 this problem 搭配，填 tackle。② tackle the causes of 意为“着手处理……的成因”；rather than 意为“而不是”，后接动词原形 focus 与前面的 tackle 保持平行。 知识点21：go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事 — No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. 第九中学就是那些不遗余力保护学生视力、并想出许多有效办法的学校之一。 用法归纳 ① go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事，不遗余力做某事”，lengths 必须用复数。 ② 常见变体：go to any lengths to do sth 不惜一切代价做某事；go to considerable lengths to do sth 颇费周折地做某事。三者中 great 最常用。 ③ 句法要点：本句 coming up with many effective solutions 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明学校在“不遗余力”的同时“想出了办法”，两个动作由同一主语发出。 ④ 辨析：go to great lengths 强调“为了达到目的不惜付出巨大努力”，形象色彩强；spare no effort 强调“不遗余力”，书面色彩更浓；try one's best 为日常用语，语气最平实。 词汇拓展 go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 → spare no effort 不遗余力 → try one's best 尽某人最大努力 → come up with 想出，提出 即时练习 ① No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great ________（long）to protect students' eyes. ② 翻译：你们竭尽全力来帮助我，我非常感激。（grateful; go to great lengths） ③ 微写作：用 go to great lengths to do sth 写一句话，谈谈父母为你的成长所付出的努力。 参考答案：① lengths　② I am very grateful that you have gone to great lengths to help me.　③My parents have gone to great lengths to create a good learning environment for me. 我的父母竭尽全力为我营造了良好的学习环境。 【解析】① go to great lengths 中 lengths 固定用复数，不可用 length。②I am very grateful to you for going to great lengths to help me.；grateful 的常见结构为 be grateful to sb for (doing) sth。③ have gone to great lengths 用现在完成时，强调“一直以来持续付出努力”。 知识点22 ：acupuncture n. 针刺疗法（针灸） — One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”, or Chinese acupuncture. 最著名的中医疗法之一是“神针”之术，也就是中国的针刺疗法。 用法归纳 ① acupuncture n. 针刺疗法，针灸：Chinese acupuncture 中国针灸； acupuncture points 穴位；an acupuncturist 针灸师。教材词表标注 * 号，属课程标准之外的词汇。 ② 常见搭配：get/receive an acupuncture treatment 接受针灸治疗；acupuncture has been used to treat ... 针灸已被用于治疗……；be included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List 被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。 ③ 同根词：acupuncturist n. 针灸师；acupoint n. 穴位（教材用 acupuncture points）。 ④ 文化要点：教材指出针灸可追溯至石器时代（bian 砭石），公元 6 世纪传入日本等亚洲国家，约 16 世纪传入西方，2010 年被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，世界卫生组织推荐其用于 100 多种病症。 词汇拓展 acupuncture n. 针刺疗法 → acupuncturist n. 针灸师 → acupuncture points 穴位 → needle n. 针 → treatment n. 疗法，治疗 即时练习 ① One of the most famous Chinese medical treatments is the art of “magic needles”, or Chinese ________.（针灸） ② 翻译：针灸已被用于治疗范围很广的健康问题。（提示：a wide variety of） ③ 微写作： 中国针灸是最著名的传统疗法之一，有证据表明它可追溯到石器时代。如今它被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并在世界各地广泛使用。 参考答案：① acupuncture　② Acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems.　③Chinese acupuncture is one of the most famous traditional medical treatments, and there is evidence that it dates back to the Stone Age. Today it is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. 【解析】① 由 “magic needles”, or ... 可知 or 后为同位语，指同一事物，填 acupuncture。② 教材 Extended reading 原句为 Over the years, acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems ...；a wide variety of 意为“多种多样的”，后接复数名词。③ 介绍传统文化类话题宜按“地位—历史—当代影响”三段展开，可直接使用 be recognized as a symbol of 与 come into widespread use 两个教材原句搭配。 知识点23：date back to 追溯到，始于，自…至今 — There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据表明，针刺疗法可以追溯到石器时代，当时一种被称为“砭”的石器被用来按压身体的部位。 用法归纳 ① date back to 意为“追溯到，始于，自……至今”，to 是介词，后接表示时间点的名词：date back to the Stone Age 追溯到石器时代；date back to the 5th century 始建于五世纪。 ② 时态要点：date back to 表示“从过去某时一直延续到现在”，故常用一般现在时（即使主语是古代事物），不用过去时，也不用被动语态。 ③ 常见表达：date from 与 date back to 同义（date from the 16th century）；date back + 时间段（后接一段时间，如 date back 2,000 years 追溯到两千年前）。 ④ 辨析：date back to 后接时间点（具体年代）；date back 后接时间段（多久以前）。两者不可混用：不可说 date back to 2,000 years，应说 date back 2,000 years 或 date back to 2000 BCE。 词汇拓展 date back to 追溯到（接时间点）→ date back 追溯（接时间段）→ date from 始于 → evidence n. 证据，证明 → There is evidence that ... 有证据表明…… 即时练习 ① This temple ________ （date）back to the 5th century. ② There is evidence that acupuncture dates back ________ the Stone Age. 参考答案：① dates　② to 【解析】① 教材附录例句原句为 This temple dates back to the 5th century.；主语 this temple 为第三人称单数，且 date back to 用一般现在时，故填 dates。② date back to 后接时间点 the Stone Age，填 to；若后面是 2,000 years 这类时间段，则不用 to。 知识点24：widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的 — Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. 如今，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并已在世界范围内得到广泛使用。 用法归纳 ① widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的，广泛的：come into widespread use 得到广泛使用；widespread concern 普遍的担忧；widespread support 广泛的支持。 ② 常见搭配：come into use 开始被使用（教材短语）；be in widespread use 被广泛使用；gain widespread acceptance 获得广泛认可。 ③ 构词：wide（广的）+ spread（散布，过去分词）→ widespread（散布得很广的）。同类复合形容词还有 well-known 众所周知的；far-reaching 影响深远的。 ④ 辨析：widespread 强调“分布或影响范围广”，多修饰抽象名词（use, concern, damage）；universal 强调“普遍的、全体的”，无一例外；common 强调“常见的、普通的”，与 rare 相对；popular 强调“受欢迎的”。 词汇拓展 widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的 → come into widespread use 得到广泛使用 → be recognized as 被公认为 → a symbol of ……的象征 → universal adj. 普遍的，全体的 即时练习 ① Acupuncture has come into ________ （普遍的）use around the world. ② 翻译：针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征。（提示：be recognized as） 参考答案：① widespread　② Acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. 【解析】① come into widespread use 为教材原句搭配，意为“得到广泛使用”，填 widespread。② be recognized as ... 意为“被公认为……”，as 后接名词或名词短语；注意 recognized 是过去分词，前面必须有 be 动词。 知识点25：话题词汇拓展——医学、健康与医疗 下列词汇与短语为本单元高频话题词汇，建议按“医疗职业—基因与疾病—康复与辅助—中医与传统疗法”四条线归类记忆，并尝试用于本单元说明文写作与 Project 任务。 类别 词汇（英文） 中文释义 医疗职业与机构（medical staff and places） surgeon; physician; chemist; dentist; specialist; nurse; acupuncturist; clinic; department; emergency department; hospital 外科医生；内科医师；药剂师；牙科医生；专科医生；护士；针灸师；私人诊所；（医院的）科；急诊科；医院 基因与疾病（genes and diseases） gene; genome; cell; being; virus; cancer; lifespan; abnormal; infection; disease; symptom; treatment; prevention; resistance; flu 基因；基因组；细胞；生物；病毒；癌症；寿命；反常的；传染，感染；疾病；症状；治疗；预防；抵抗力；流感 医疗技术与研究（medical technology and research） genome editing; identify; relate to; delete; restore; restrict; prohibit; put sth in place; genetic marker; clinical trial; breakthrough; means; finding 基因组编辑；确认，发现；与……相关；删除；恢复；限制；禁止；落实到位；基因标记；临床试验；突破；方法；调研结果 康复与辅助（recovery and assistance） withdraw; equip; be equipped with; artificial; limb; robotic hand; disabled; disability; conventional; sensory; rubber; outgoing; grateful; patent 脱离（社会）；配备；装配着；人工的；肢；机械手；有残疾的；缺陷，障碍；传统的；感觉的；橡胶；外向的；感激的；专利 中医与传统疗法（traditional Chinese medicine） acupuncture; acupuncturist; needle; bian; acupuncture point; pulse; wrist; organ; tongue; date back to; stainless steel; anxiety; depression; abuse; substance; symbol; widespread 针刺疗法；针灸师；针；砭（石）；穴位；脉搏；手腕；器官；舌头；追溯到；不锈钢；焦虑；抑郁；滥用；物质；象征；广泛的 常用短语与表达（key phrases） without doubt; wrestle with; go to great lengths to do sth; put sth in place; a wide variety of; three out of four; come into use; be recognized as; have an effect on; play a critical role in; by means of; to name but a few 毫无疑问；努力处理；竭尽全力做某事；落实到位；多种多样的；四分之三；开始被使用；被公认为；对……有影响；在……中起关键作用；通过……方式；略举几例 拓展表达（背默） ● Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. 基因在塑造我们生命的过程中起着关键作用。 ● Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将给我们的医疗保健方式带来根本性的变革。 ● Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的发明之一。 ● No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. 第九中学就是不遗余力保护学生视力、并想出许多有效办法的学校之一。 ● There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明，针刺疗法可以追溯到石器时代。 ● Today, acupuncture is recognized as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture and has come into widespread use around the world. 如今，针灸被公认为中国传统文化的象征，并已在世界范围内得到广泛使用。 单元语法：现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous tense） 一、构成形式 句式 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has been + 现在分词（doing） Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years.（教材 Grammar and usage） 否定句 主语 + have/has not been + 现在分词 I have not been sleeping well recently. 我最近一直睡不好。 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ Has she been waiting for two hours? 她已经等了两个小时了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ What have you been doing, Dr Jones?（教材 B3） 说明：have 用于第一、二人称及复数主语，has 用于第三人称单数主语；been 为 be 的过去分词，其后必须接动词的现在分词形式，三者缺一不可。 二、教材原句观察 Grammar and usage 语篇（装配机械手的女孩的自述） — Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, and their work on robotic limbs has really changed my life. 近年来，科学家们在机器人技术方面不断取得巨大进展，他们关于机械假肢的研究真的改变了我的生活。 — Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand, and it constantly surprises me. 在过去的三个月里，我一直在测试我的新手能做什么的极限，而它不断给我惊喜。 — For example, I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand. 例如，自从装上新手以来，我又一直在为家人做饭了。 B Applying the rules 语篇（机械假肢说明文） — For some time, they have been hoping for better-quality artificial limbs. 一段时间以来，他们一直盼望着质量更好的假肢。 — Over the last few years, scientists have been developing new kinds of artificial limbs to help people overcome their disabilities. 在过去的几年里，科学家们一直在开发新型假肢，以帮助人们克服身体障碍。 — We have been doing everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it. 我们一直在尽我们所能推进这项技术，而且我们不会为它申请专利。 三、核心用法 ① 表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点、all day/morning、over the past/last ... 等时间状语连用。 例：Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years.（in recent years 表示“近年来”，动作从过去持续到现在并仍在继续。） ② 表示动作刚刚结束，但与现在仍有联系，强调动作造成的结果或影响（常见于“看得见的痕迹”）。 例：My mother has been writing a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight.（写了一上午，报告虽未完成，但已进行多时。） ③ 表示一段时间内反复进行、断断续续的动作，强调动作的持续性与重复性。 例：I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand.（强调“做饭”这一行为自装上新手后反复发生。） ④ 表达礼貌、委婉的语气，或说明某状况的临时性（此时常与现在完成时意思接近）。 例：I have been waiting for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet.（强调等待的过程漫长，语气中含抱怨。） 四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 比较项 现在完成进行时（have been doing） 现在完成时（have done） 侧重点 强调动作的持续过程、延续性 强调动作的完成、结果 时间感 动作往往仍在继续 动作通常已经结束 典型状语 all day, for two hours, since, over the past ... already, yet, ever, just, three times 例句 I have been reading this medical report all morning.（读了整个上午，可能还在读） I have read three medical reports this morning.（读了三份，已完成） 特别提醒 现在完成进行时强调“过程”，现在完成时强调“结果”；同一动词用两种时态，意思差别很大。 非延续性动词（如 finish, start, die, buy, marry, join）一般不用于现在完成进行时，因为它们表示瞬间动作，不能持续。 表示状态的动词（如 know, be, have, like, belong）通常也不用进行时态，故一般不说 I have been knowing him for years。 常与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语：all day/morning/week, for + 时间段, since + 时间点, in recent years, over the past/last ..., for some time。 五、记忆口诀 完成进行两头牵，过去开始到现在； have/has 加 been 加 -ing，强调过程不间断； 若问结果用完成，若问过程用进行； 短暂动词要避开，for 与 since 常相伴。 六、语法精练 单句语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空） 1. I __________ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day. 2. I __________ (wait) for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet. 3. My mother __________ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight. 4. The company __________ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years. 5. Scientists __________ (do) research on the disease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century. 6. Over the past three months I __________ (test) out the limits of what I can do with my new hand. 7. Geneticists __________ (try) to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 8. We __________ (do) everything we can to advance this technology and we will not take out a patent on it. 参考答案：1. have been reflecting　2. have been waiting　3. has been writing　4. has been making　5. have been doing　6. have been testing　7. have been trying　8. have been doing 【解析】1. all day 表示“一整天”，强调动作持续，用现在完成进行时 have been reflecting。2. for two hours 与后半句“还没轮到我”呼应，强调过程，填 have been waiting。3. all morning 提示持续，主语 my mother 为第三人称单数，填 has been writing。4. for more than 100 years 表示持续百年，主语 the company 表单数，填 has been making。5. since 引导的时间状语从句提示“自从……以来”，主语 scientists 为复数，填 have been doing。6. Over the past three months 为教材原句时间状语，主语 I，填 have been testing。7. 教材 Reading 原句为 Geneticists have been trying to identify ...，主语为复数，填 have been trying。8. 教材 B2 原句为 We have been doing everything we can ...，主语 We，填 have been doing。 单元句型与写作：健康类说明文——以“近视问题”为例 一、写作任务与结构 教材 Integrated skills D 要求写一篇关于中国学生近视问题的文章。说明文宜采用“提出现象—分析成因—给出建议”的三段式结构，全文用现在完成时或现在完成进行时描述现状，用一般现在时分析成因，用情态动词或祈使句提出建议。 段落 写作要点 可套用的句型 第一段：提出现象 用数据或调查结果引出近视问题在学生中的普遍性，并点明其引发的社会关注。 A recent national survey has revealed that ... 最近的一项全国性调查显示…… ..., fuelling concerns about ... ……，引发了人们对……的担忧。 Short-sightedness has become a serious problem among ... 近视已成为……中的一个严重问题。 第二段：分析成因 从遗传、用眼习惯、户外活动时间等角度分析近视的成因，注意因果关系的表达。 Such problems arise out of/arise from ... 此类问题源于…… ... is caused by ... ……是由……引起的。 Due to/Because of ..., more and more students ... 由于……，越来越多的学生…… 第三段：给出建议 从学校、家庭、个人三个层面提出可操作的改进建议，并以期望收束。 The situation could be improved if ... 如果……，情况可以得到改善。 An effective way to ... is ... 一个有效的……方法是…… It is my belief that ... 我相信…… I am looking forward to ... 我期待着…… 二、因果表达工具箱（教材 Expressions 板块） 表达类型 教材原句／短语 用法说明 介词短语表原因 Due to/Because of/As a result of ..., short-sightedness has become a serious problem. 后接名词或名词短语，不接句子；置于句首时用逗号隔开。 副词短语表结果 As a result/Consequently, more and more students ... 置于句首，后用逗号，引导结果分句。 连词表原因 Because ..., students ... 后接完整句子，可置于句首或句中。 动词短语表来源 Such problems arise out of/arise from ... arise from 意为“由……引起”，主语是结果，宾语是原因。 被动表因果 ... is caused by ... 强调“被……所导致”，by 后接原因。 三、高分句型公式 ① 数据引出现象：A recent survey has revealed that + 数据/现象，fuelling concerns about ... 　示例：A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth. ② 现在分词作结果状语：主句，+ v-ing ...（自然带出的结果） 　示例：The figures disturb the school authorities, who have decided to tackle this problem head-on. ③ 竭尽全力做某事：主语 + have gone to great lengths to do sth, v-ing ... 　示例：No. 9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths to protect students' eyes, coming up with many effective solutions. ④ 因果链条：Due to/Because of + 名词，结果分句；Such problems arise from + 名词。 　示例：Such problems arise from spending a large amount of time reading or focusing on a smartphone screen. ⑤ 提出建议：An effective way to + 动词原形 + is + 名词/动名词；The situation could be improved if + 从句。 　示例：An effective way to protect our eyes is to take regular breaks and look at distant objects. ⑥ 表达信念与期待：It is my belief that + 从句；I am looking forward to + 名词/动名词。 　示例：It is my belief that every student will enjoy better eyesight if schools and parents work together. 四、微写作示范 题目：假定你是李华，你校英文报正在征文，请以“Short-sightedness among Chinese students”为题写一篇短文，内容包括：1. 现状；2. 成因；3. 你的建议。词数 80 左右。 参考范文 Short-sightedness among Chinese students A recent national survey has revealed that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, fuelling concerns about eyesight problems among China's youth. The figures have disturbed both schools and parents. Such problems arise from a variety of causes. To begin with, some students get affected because their parents are short-sighted. Moreover, spending a large amount of time reading or focusing on a smartphone screen also contributes to the problem. Having too little outdoor time is another key factor. The situation could be improved if schools and families worked together. An effective way to protect our eyes is to take regular breaks and look at distant objects. It is my belief that more outdoor activities will bring back clearer sight and brighter smiles. 范文点评 第一段用教材原句 A recent national survey has revealed that ... 引出数据，并以现在分词短语 fuelling concerns about ... 带出社会关注，符合“提出现象”的要求。 第二段用 Such problems arise from ... 统摄，再用 To begin with / Moreover / another key factor 分条列出遗传、近距离用眼与户外活动不足三类成因，层次清晰。 第三段用 The situation could be improved if ...、An effective way to ... is ... 与 It is my belief that ... 三个教材句型提出建议并收束，句式多样且全部来自本单元。 全文现在完成时（has revealed, have disturbed）与现在完成进行时的语域把握准确，符合说明文的客观语气。 （时间：45分钟） 1、 单词拼写 1．The scientist has been ________ (提倡) the use of clean energy for many years. 【答案】advocating 【详解】句意：这位科学家多年来一直提倡使用清洁能源。根据汉语提示“提倡”可知，空处应用动词advocate，结合空前has been及句意可知，本句为现在完成进行时has been doing结构，表示动作从过去持续至今仍在进行，空处用现在分词形式advocating。 2．Once in court, he w_________ (撤回)the statement he had made to the police. 【答案】withdrew/ithdrew 【详解】句意：一到法庭，他就撤回了此前向警方作出的陈述。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，此处是动词withdraw，根据句意和下文的had made可推断，句子可用一般过去时，withdraw的过去式是withdrew。 3．There are ______ (广泛的) concerns over food safety in the country. 【答案】widespread 【详解】句意：食品安全在这个国家引起了广泛关注。根据提示的汉语，表示“广泛的”为形容词widespread修饰名词concerns。 4．Marty is very outgoing and have learned to a_________ to his disability. (使适应) 【答案】adapt/dapt/adjust/djust 【详解】句意：马丁非常外向活泼的，已经学会了适应自己的障碍。根据汉语“适应”和首字母可知，此处是动词adapt/adjust，to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。 5．I’d be very ________(感激的) if you could let me know as soon as possible. 【答案】grateful 【详解】考查形容词作表语。句意：如果你能尽快告诉我，我将非常感激。“感激的”可填 grateful。 6．The government introduced a law p__________ tobacco advertisements on TV. 【答案】prohibiting/rohibiting 【详解】句意：政府出台了一项法律，禁止在电视上播放烟草广告。句中已有谓语动词introduced，故空处需填非谓语形式。动词prohibit“禁止”与其逻辑主语law之间为主动关系，故用现在分词prohibiting作后置定语，修饰law。 7．The ___________(现象) suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain. 【答案】phenomenon 【详解】句意：这个现象表明针灸疗法阻止疼痛信号到达大脑。此处缺少名词作主语，根据汉语提示“现象”可知，此处为名词phenomenon。 8．E_______________ with some advanced tools, they began their exploration. 【答案】Equipped 【详解】句意：被先进的工具所武装，他们开始探险。“武装”的逻辑主语是“他们”，它们之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，所以填Equipped。 9．The south of the country was worst a______ (影响) by the drought. 【答案】affected/ffected 【详解】句意：干旱对这个国家的南部造成了最严重的影响。根据首字母和汉语提示，应用动词affect。The south of the country与affect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，空前有was，空处填过去分词affected。 10．Someone who is d______________ has an illness, injury, or condition that tends to restrict the way that they can live their life, especially by making it difficult for them to move about. 【答案】disabled/isabled 【详解】句意：残疾人患有疾病、创伤或身体状况，这往往会限制他们的生活方式，尤其是行动不便。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词disabled“残疾的，有身心障碍的”作表语。 11．These desks and seats can be ______ (调节) to the height of each child. 【答案】adjusted 【详解】句意：这些桌椅可以根据每个孩子的身高进行调节。根据所给的汉语提示“调节”可知，此处为动词adjust，与句子主语These desks and seats是被动关系，此句是含有情态动词的被动语态，动词应用过去分词形式adjusted。 12．It is impossible to i________ the man among so many people. 【答案】identify/dentify 【详解】句意：在这么多人中认出这个人是不可能的。句中It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语，空白处填动词原形，根据首字母提示和“the man among so many people”可知，动词identify表示“认出”符合句意。 13．The ________ clearly stated the delivery date and payment terms. 【答案】contract 【详解】句意：这份合同清晰写明了交货日期和付款条款。根据“clearly stated the delivery date and payment terms”可知，具备这些内容的是合同，所以此处为名词contract，在句中作主语。 14．The Wolwedans runs on solar power, which means no sounds of generators to d________ (打扰) the natural beauty. 【答案】disturb/isturb 【详解】句意：Wolwedans营地依靠太阳能运转，这意味着没有发电机的噪音打扰自然美景。结合首字母提示，“打扰”用动词disturb，在不定式符号to后用动词原形，构成不定式短语作后置定语。 15．We need to t________ (处理，解决) the difficult problem before it becomes more serious. 【答案】tackle/ackle 【详解】句意：我们得趁这个棘手的问题还没变得更严重，赶紧着手解决它。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词tackle，固定搭配need to do“需要做”，空前有不定式符号to，应用动词原形。 16．We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by r_________ (限制) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 【答案】restricting/estricting 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们个人也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，restrict“限制”，动词，by是介词，其后接动名词形式作宾语，故填restricting。 17．In ________ (努力处理, 全力解决) with the dilemma of worldwide hunger, the United Nations set up the World Food Programme in 1963. 【答案】wrestling 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了努力解决全球饥饿这一困境，联合国于1963年成立了世界粮食计划署。根据句意和汉语提示可知，表示“努力处理，全力解决”应用固定短语wrestle with；介词in后接动名词作宾语，因此此处用wrestle的动名词形式wrestling。故填wrestling。 18．Eventually, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting a________ (不正常的) genes early on. 【答案】abnormal/bnormal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最终，这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正不正常的基因，来防止疾病发生。根据汉语提示“不正常的”及首字母a可知，此处需用形容词修饰名词“genes”。“abnormal”意为“不正常的；反常的”，作定语，符合句意。故填abnormal。 19．After the fierce competition, Taizhou team’s efforts u________ paid off, winning the final game. 【答案】ultimately/ltimately 【详解】考查副词。句意：经过激烈的竞争，台州队的努力最终得到了回报，赢得了决赛。根据句意“最终”和首字母提示可知，此处为副词ultimately，作状语，修饰动词短语paid off。故填ultimately。 20．Many serious misunderstandings a________ from poor communication weighed heavily on my mind. 【答案】arising/rising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多由于沟通不畅而产生的严重误解一直沉重地压在我的心头。根据“misunderstandings”和“from poor communication”可推知，误解源于沟通不畅，结合首字母提示，用动词arise，意为“产生，起源于”，arise from作后置定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语misunderstandings之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填arising。 2、 阅读理解 Passage A From an early age, we tend to divide ourselves and others into opposing groups — such as “smart vs. dumb” in school or “rich vs. poor” in adulthood. This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks. Once we assign people or ourselves to a group, several psychological effects take hold. First of all, the group members assume an identity. A label is placed on them, which over time achieves a level of permanency. For example, if you decide yourself as belonging to the “I’m really not creative” group, you tend to view yourself as primarily and permanently uncreative. The longer this belief lasts, the harder it is to change. Moreover, groups provide us with a false sense of comfort. By joining the “I’m not creative” group, we also conveniently protect ourselves from moving beyond the borders of that group into new and often unfamiliar areas. Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open, we resist the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t. There are not just many like-minded people in the group, but it offers a safe environment to work and play in. But the problem doesn’t end there. There is a tsunami of books and articles that use language such as the following: “Creative people are individuals like Leonardo, Edison, Picasso, or Einstein who have changed our culture in some important respects” and “Creative people are the ones who get ahead in their jobs, start new businesses, invent products... paint pictures, and make things of beauty.” When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group,” knowing that we can never measure up. However, as psychological research has convincingly demonstrated, creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone. So, be mindful of what you read. Sometimes, others may be putting you in a box without your knowing. 21．Why do many people refuse to step out of their comfort zone according to paragraph 3? A．They are not able to make changes. B．They feel secure within their own group. C．They have no chance to explore new areas. D．They dislike communicating with new people. 22．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Creative people are very few. B．Labels may limit our thoughts. C．All great people are creative. D．We can match great people easily. 23．What might the author agree with? A．Creativity belongs to everyone. B．Groups help us know ourselves. C．We should read more books. D．Labels help us identify others. 24．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Group Identity: Its Hidden Benefits. B．Age Groups: Key Comparisons. C．Social Labels: Their Hidden Harm. D．Creative Thinking: Ways to Develop It. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C 【导语】文章主要论述了人们习惯将人分门别类并贴标签，分析了这种做法带来的心理危害，强调每个人都有创造力。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Like birds that hesitate to leave their cages even when the door is open, we resist the desire to get out of our comfort zone — not because we can’t, but because we won’t. There are not just many like-minded people in the group, but it offers a safe environment to work and play in.(就像鸟儿即使笼门敞开也犹豫着不愿离开一样，我们抗拒走出舒适区的渴望——不是因为我们做不到，而是因为我们不愿意。这个群体里不仅有许多志同道合的人，而且它提供了一个安全的环境，让人可以工作和娱乐)”可知，许多人拒绝走出舒适区是因为他们觉得自己在群体中很安全。 22．推理判断题。根据第四段中“There is a tsunami of books and articles that use language such as the following: “Creative people are individuals like Leonardo, Edison, Picasso, or Einstein who have changed our culture in some important respects” and “Creative people are the ones who get ahead in their jobs, start new businesses, invent products... paint pictures, and make things of beauty.” When reading these statements, we automatically assign ourselves to that “other group,” knowing that we can never measure up.(铺天盖地的书籍和文章使用着这样的语言：“有创造力的人是像达·芬奇、爱迪生、毕加索或爱因斯坦那样，在某些重要方面改变了我们文化的人”，以及“有创造力的人是那些在工作中出人头地、创办新企业、发明产品……画画并创造美好事物的人”。读到这些说法时，我们会不由自主地把自己归入“另一类人”，心里明白自己永远无法达到那个标准)”可知，标签可能限制我们的思想。 23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, as psychological research has convincingly demonstrated, creativity is not exclusive to a select few; it is a birthright shared by everyone.(然而，正如心理学研究令人信服地表明的那样，创造力并非少数人所独有；它是每个人与生俱来的权利)”可知，作者认为创造力并非少数人所独有，它是每个人与生俱来的权利，所以会同意“创造力属于每个人”这一表述。 24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“From an early age, we tend to divide ourselves and others into opposing groups — such as ‌“smart vs. dumb” in school or ‌“rich vs. poor” in adulthood. This thinking is often used for simpler identification, but it carries significant risks.(从很小的时候起，我们就倾向于把自己和他人分成对立的群体——比如学校里的“聪明与愚蠢”，成年后的“富有与贫穷”。这种思维通常用于更简便的识别归类，但它伴随着重大风险)”以及最后一段中“So, be mindful of what you read. Sometimes, others may be putting you in a box without your knowing.(所以，要注意你读到的东西。有时，别人可能会在你不知情的情况下给你贴上固定标签)”可知，文章主要论述了社会标签带来的隐藏危害，C项“Social Labels: Their Hidden Harm(社会标签：其隐藏的危害)”最能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 Passage B American teenagers are redefining healthy living. After years of rising stress from school and social media, they are moving away from extreme diets and endless scrolling toward balanced habits. 25 Here is how the shift is taking shape. Mental health has become the top priority. More teens practice daily mindfulness, meditation (冥想) or journaling to manage stress. 26 Unlike past trends that focused on appearance, today’s youth care more about emotional health and inner peace. Sleep is getting long-overdue attention as well. Official data showed only 23% of teens got enough sleep in 2023, but the number is climbing. Many now avoid phones one hour before bed and create calm bedtime routines. 27 Some schools are even delaying start times to fit teenagers’ natural sleep cycles. 28 Instead of intense gym workouts, teens prefer casual exercise like walking, cycling or team sports with friends. Group fitness challenges shared online inspire movement without pressure, and daily activity levels have risen by 15% since 2023. Digital balance holds all these habits together. Teens are cutting mindless scrolling and using social media more intentionally — unfollowing toxic accounts and joining communities focused on health and creativity. 29 As one educator put it, this generation is not rejecting technology; they are simply learning to make it serve them, not the other way around. A．These small bedtime routines are paying off. B．Physical activity is making a quiet comeback. C．Experts doubt whether the trend can last long. D．Screen time for entertainment has dropped by 20% in two years. E．Quick fixes are giving way to routines they can actually keep. F．Schools support the change with mental health classes and yoga sessions. G．Social media companies are largely responsible for teens’ anxiety. 【答案】25．E 26．F 27．A 28．B 29．D 【导语】文章介绍了美国青少年正在重新定义健康生活方式，从极端饮食和无止境地刷手机转向更平衡的习惯，包括心理健康、充足睡眠、适度运动和数字平衡等方面的积极变化。 【详解】25．上文“After years of rising stress from school and social media, they are moving away from extreme diets and endless scrolling toward balanced habits.(在经历了多年来自学业与社交媒体的压力加剧之后，他们正在远离极端饮食和无止境地刷手机，转向平衡的习惯。)”说明青少年正在转变生活方式，引出下文具体的转变方式。E项“Quick fixes are giving way to routines they can actually keep. (速效方法正在被他们真正能够坚持的日常习惯所取代。)”中的“quick fixes”对应上文“extreme diets and endless scrolling”，“routines they can actually keep”对应下文各种可持续的健康习惯，起到了承上启下的作用。 26．上文“More teens practice daily mindfulness, meditation (冥想) or journaling to manage stress. (更多青少年每天练习正念、冥想或写日记来管理压力。)”说明青少年在心理健康方面的实践，F项“Schools support the change with mental health classes and yoga sessions. (学校通过心理健康课程和瑜伽课程来支持这一变化。)”中的“mental health classes and yoga sessions”是对上文心理健康实践的补充和延伸，说明学校也在支持这一趋势，与下文“Unlike past trends that focused on appearance, today’s youth care more about emotional health and inner peace.(与过去注重外表的潮流不同，如今的年轻人更关注情绪健康和内心平静。)”衔接自然。 27．上文“Many now avoid phones one hour before bed and create calm bedtime routines. (许多人现在在睡前一小时避免使用手机，并建立平静的睡前惯例。)”说明青少年正在建立良好的睡前习惯，A项“These small bedtime routines are paying off. (这些小小的睡前惯例正在带来回报。)”中的“These small bedtime routines”直接指代上文的睡前惯例，“are paying off”与下文“Some schools are even delaying start times to fit teenagers’ natural sleep cycles.(一些学校甚至推迟上课时间以适应青少年的自然睡眠周期。)”形成递进，说明效果显现。 28．空格处是该段主题句。下文“Instead of intense gym workouts, teens prefer casual exercise like walking, cycling or team sports with friends.(青少年不再进行高强度的健身房锻炼，而是更喜欢散步、骑自行车或和朋友一起进行团队运动等轻松的锻炼方式。)”说明青少年在运动方式上的转变，B项“Physical activity is making a quiet comeback.(体育活动正在悄然回归。)”作为主题句，概括了本段关于青少年以更轻松方式参与体育活动的内容，“quiet comeback”与“casual exercise”相呼应。 29．上文“Teens are cutting mindless scrolling and using social media more intentionally — unfollowing toxic accounts and joining communities focused on health and creativity.(青少年正在减少无意识地刷手机，更有目的地使用社交媒体——取消关注有害账号，加入关注健康和创意的社区。)”说明青少年在数字使用上的积极变化，D项“Screen time for entertainment has dropped by 20% in two years.(两年内娱乐性屏幕时间下降了20%。)”用具体数据印证了上文青少年减少刷手机的趋势，与下文“As one educator put it, this generation is not rejecting technology; they are simply learning to make it serve them, not the other way around.(正如一位教育家所说，这一代人并不是在拒绝科技；他们只是在学会让科技为他们服务，而不是反过来。)”衔接紧密。 3、 完形填空 Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating? How about those who beautify their selfies (自拍) so much that they can’t be 30 ? There must be one or more who 31 in your social media. No matter 32 they choose to share, they share the best but the most unreal. Take my friend Chen as an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a 33 until all the dishes we ordered were on the table. Then, she would spend five minutes on 34 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact arranged order. Then the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 35 and click in the filter (过滤软件) app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was, but we had no 36 to really enjoy it — it all went cold. Actually Chen’s real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days. Many people care too much about others’ opinions and try hard to 37 others. They find it hard to be 38 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their real life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 39 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any change to reality, as they still 40 the same old pattern of life. If they really want an elegant life, they should put more 41 into achieving it 42 fabricating (伪造) it. Being more confident, 43 themselves and trying their best to be better is much more meaningful than 44 their life on social media. 30．A．envied B．admired C．recognized D．defeated 31．A．exist B．survive C．flood D．spot 32．A．how B．what C．where D．whom 33．A．bow B．break C．breath D．bite 34．A．cooking B．washing C．setting D．collecting 35．A．dishes B．restaurants C．pictures D．tables 36．A．chance B．choice C．excuse D．reason 37．A．comfort B．please C．inspire D．discourage 38．A．independent B．generous C．responsible D．confident 39．A．rarely B．hardly C．exactly D．nearly 40．A．question B．dislike C．doubt D．follow 41．A．effort B．ambitions C．feelings D．money 42．A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than 43．A．identifying B．accepting C．persuading D．amusing 44．A．simplifying B．ruining C．beautifying D．worsening 【答案】 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．C 36．A 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．C 【导语】文章谈论了一种社会现象：很多人在社交媒体上过度美化自己分享的内容，却不敢展示真实的生活。作者认为与其去伪造精致的假象，不如付出努力去真正拥有美好的生活。 【详解】30．考查动词。句意：还有那些把自拍美化到认不出来的人呢？A. envied羡慕；B. admired钦佩；C. recognized认出；D. defeated打败。根据上文“beautify their selfies (自拍) so much”可知，修图过度以至于无法被认出来。 31．考查动词。句意：在你的社交媒体里一定存在一个或多个这样的人。A. exist存在；B. survive幸存；C. flood淹没；D. spot发现。根据上文“Have you seen people”可知，这类人存在于社交媒体之中。 32．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他们选择分享什么，他们分享的都是最好但最不真实的一面。A. how怎样；B. what什么；C. where哪里；D. whom谁。根据下文“they choose to share”可知，此处缺少分享的事物，应用what作share的宾语。 33．考查名词。句意：每次我们去餐馆，在我们点的所有菜上桌之前，她不会吃一口。A. bow鞠躬；B. break休息；C. breath呼吸；D. bite一口。根据下文“until all the dishes we ordered were on the table”可知，此处指不会吃一口。take a bite意为“咬一口，吃一点”。 34．考查动词。句意：然后，她会花五分钟把菜品摆放成看似随意实则精心布置的样子。A. cooking烹饪；B. washing清洗；C. setting摆放；D. collecting收集。根据下文“in a seemingly random but in fact arranged order”可知，是摆放菜品。 35．考查名词。句意：在那之后，她会挑选其中一张照片，点开滤镜软件。A. dishes菜肴；B. restaurants餐馆；C. pictures照片；D. tables桌子。根据上文“taking pictures”可知，拍完照之后要挑选照片。 36．考查名词。句意：食物最后看起来比实际美味十倍，但我们没有机会好好享用它——菜全都凉了。A. chance机会；B. choice选择；C. excuse借口；D. reason理由。根据下文“it all went cold”可知，没有机会去享用饭菜。 37．考查动词。句意：很多人过于在意别人的看法，拼命去取悦他人。A. comfort安慰；B. please取悦；C. inspire激励；D. discourage使泄气。根据上文“care too much about others’ opinions”可知，在意别人眼光，想要讨别人欢心。 38．考查形容词。句意：他们发现很难自信起来、很难接纳自己，因此害怕在社交媒体上展示真实的生活。A. independent独立的；B. generous慷慨的；C. responsible负责的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“afraid to show their real life”可知，他们不够自信。 39．考查副词。句意：他们竭力想要证明的，恰恰就是自己在现实中所缺少的东西。A. rarely很少；B. hardly几乎不；C. exactly恰好，恰恰；D. nearly几乎。根据上文第一段“they share the best but the most unreal”可知，网上展示出来的光鲜，恰好就是现实所缺失的。 40．考查动词。句意：但是这并不会给现实带来任何改变，因为他们依然沿袭原来固有的生活模式。A. question质疑；B. dislike不喜欢；C. doubt怀疑；D. follow遵循，沿袭。根据下文“the same old pattern of life”可知，依旧遵循旧的生活模式。 41．考查名词。句意：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，就应该投入更多的努力去实现它，而不是去伪造它。A. effort努力；B. ambitions抱负；C. feelings感情；D. money金钱。根据下文“into achieving it”可知，应付出更多努力，put effort into doing sth.意为“付出努力做某事”。 42．考查短语。句意：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，就应该投入更多的努力去实现它，而不是去伪造它。A. other than除了；B. more than多于；C. rather than而不是；D. less than少于。根据下文“fabricating (伪造) it”可知，前后是取舍关系：要实干，不要造假。 43．考查动词。句意：更加自信、接纳自我并且尽力变得更好，远比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活要有意义得多。A. identifying识别；B. accepting接纳；C. persuading劝说；D. amusing使开心。根据上文第三段“to accept themselves”可知，是接纳自己。 44．考查动词。句意：更加自信、接纳自我并且尽力变得更好，远比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活要有意义得多。A. simplifying简化；B. ruining毁掉；C. beautifying美化；D. worsening使恶化。根据上文第一段“beautify their selfies (自拍)”可知，此处呼应文章开头过度美化照片和生活的现象。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese idiomatic term tieqiubiao, or “putting on autumn fat”, means gaining a little weight in early autumn by eating meals rich 45 protein and fat, including stewed meats, dumplings and nuts. Since ancient times, people have measured their weight at lixia, one of the 24 solar terms that 46 (mark) the beginning of summer, and compared it to their weight at liqiu, the beginning of autumn. This 47 (compare) helps them figure out how much weight they’ve lost during the hot months, hoping to gain sufficient weight 48 (weather) the upcoming cold season. This autumn, however, many are choosing to depart from tradition and instead shaking off the extra weight by eating what 49 (refer) to as qingshi, or literally, “light food.” “I think it’s 50 post-Olympic phenomenon. After you spent the summer watching those well-shaped athletes on TV you tend to reflect on your diet at midnight,” Li Xinwei, a college student in Beijing, 51 (tell) Beijing Review. Li’s words reflect a broader trend 52 (influence) by the recent Paris Olympic Games, and that is 53 has encouraged interest in athletes’ light food diets on social media platforms. This shift highlights a 54 (grow) awareness of nutrition and body image among younger generations in China. As young people favor light foods, they are also contributing to the growth of the healthy food economy. 【答案】 45．in 46．marks 47．comparison 48．to weather 49．is referred 50．a 51．told 52．influenced 53．what 54．growing 【导语】文章介绍了传统习俗“贴秋膘”，并对比当下年轻人受巴黎奥运会影响转而选择“轻食”，体现了年轻一代健康营养意识的提升。 【详解】45．考查介词。句意：汉语俗语“贴秋膘”，指在初秋吃富含蛋白质和脂肪的食物，包括炖肉、饺子和坚果，让体重小幅增加。be rich in为固定搭配，意为“富含……”。 46．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，人们会在立夏——标志夏季开始的二十四节气之一——称重，并和立秋（秋天的开端）的体重作对比。mark(标志)是定语从句的谓语动词，与主语that，即先行词one of the 24 solar terms，之间是主动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的态；谓语动词与主语核心词one保持一致，用第三人称单数。 47．考查名词。句意：这一对比帮助他们弄清楚炎热月份里体重下降了多少，希望增加足够体重来度过即将到来的寒冷季节。指示代词This后应接名词作主语，提示词compare(比较)的名词形式为comparison(对比)。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一对比帮助他们弄清楚炎热月份里体重下降了多少，希望增加足够体重来度过即将到来的寒冷季节。weather(经受住，平安地渡过)作目的状语，用不定式形式to weather表目的。 49．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：然而今年秋天，许多人选择不再遵循传统，转而通过吃被称作“轻食”的食物甩掉多余体重。refer to(称作)是宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语what之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；what视作单数概念，谓语用单数形式is referred。 50．考查冠词。句意：我认为这是一种后奥运现象。phenomenon为可数名词单数，此处表示“一种现象”，泛指，且post以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 51．考查时态。句意：北京一名大学生李欣伟在接受《北京周报》采访时说：“我觉得这是一种后奥运现象。夏天在电视上看完那些身材健美的运动员后，你往往会在深夜反思自己的饮食。”tell(告诉，讲述)是谓语动词，与主语Li Xinwei之间是主动关系；陈述过去发生的采访动作，应用一般过去时。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：李的话反映出受近期巴黎奥运会影响的一个更广泛的趋势。此处作后置定语，influence(影响)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语trend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。 53．考查表语从句。句意：这就是在社交媒体平台上激发大家对运动员轻食饮食兴趣的事物。此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导该从句。 54．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种转变凸显了中国年轻一代不断增长的营养与形体认知。提示词grow(增长)作定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语awareness之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表主动。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $