Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义围绕人工智能的发展、应用及人们的担忧这一核心知识点，构建“速读-细读-读后”三阶学习支架。速读环节通过大意与篇章结构题整体感知文本，细读环节结合细节题（如作者引用霍金话语的目的）深度理解，读后环节通过语法填空、句子结构分析及词块默写，实现从语篇理解到语言运用的衔接。 资料特色在于以核心素养为导向，通过任务链设计提升语言能力与思维品质。例如细读环节分析作者意图培养逻辑思维，读后仿写句子（如环保主题应用文）强化语言输出，语法填空结合课文长难句（如抽象地点名词定语从句）巩固语法知识。课中助力教师分层教学，课后学生可通过词块与仿写自主查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．The advantage of artificial intelligence. B．The disadvantage of artificial intelligence. C．The applications of artificial intelligence. D．The development，application of artificial intelligence and people’s concern about it. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 What is the structure of the passage？(P＝paragraph) 答案　A Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Why does the author begin the article with a vision? A．To stress the point. B．To convey humor. C．To introduce the topic. D．To describe a phenomenon. 答案　C 2．What makes the dream of “AI” come true? A．That the term was coined in the mid-1950s. B．That computers have developed since the 1940s. C．That a computer program defeated the best human Go player. D．That the theory was explored by Alan Turing. 答案　B 3．What does the author mean by saying “we are at a turning point in history”？ A．Domestic robots can help us do everything. B．Intelligent robots will work to our advantage. C．Autonomous machines can do much work for us. D．We are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. 答案　D 4．Why does the author quote the words by Stephen Hawking? A．To show the author likes Stephen Hawking very much. B．To show the author’s attitude. C．To inform readers of the good saying. D．To make the opinion more convincing. 答案　D 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．Every coin has two sides. B．Put the cart before the horse. C．It never rains but pours. D．It’s no good crying over spilt milk. 答案　A Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Imagine 1.waking(wake) up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you.How cool that would be! One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence 2.capable(capacity) of learning from experience，adjusting to new 3.inputs(input) and performing tasks like humans.4.To achieve(achieve) this aim，many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward，including “deep learning”．The dream of AI has been around for centuries，and the development of computers since the 1940s has made it 5.a reality.Nowadays，AI is being applied in many fields：finance，health care，machine translation and art，to name but a few.But 6.it is clear that we are at a turning point in history.While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future 7.where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage，thinking machines perhaps will 8.threaten(threat) the existence of humans.As we become more and more dependent on computers，some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers 9.posed(pose) by the advances in AI. 10．Apparently(apparent)，such warnings demand our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．It may seem like building(build) castles in the air，but given the rate at which artificial intelligence，or AI，is being developed，in the future such dreams may actually(actual) come true.(P44 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句，后一分句中given为介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”；at which是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rate。 汉语翻译：也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。 2．At the basic level，artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create(create) intelligent machines.(P44 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词branch，that在从句中作主语。 汉语翻译：从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支学科，其目标是研发智能机器。 3．One of the essential aims(aim) of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience，adjusting(adjust) to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.(P44 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句。动词不定式短语to develop computer intelligence作表语；capable of...是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰computer intelligence。 汉语翻译：人工智能的基本目标之一是开发能够学习过往经验、适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。 4．To achieve this aim，many approaches to creating(create) true AI have been put forward，including “deep learning”，which enables a machine to improve(improve) its own performance by learning from the results of its(it) previous actions.(P44 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。To achieve this aim是不定式短语作目的状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词deep learning。 汉语翻译：为了实现这一目标，人们提出了许多方法来创建真正的人工智能，包括“深度学习”，它使机器能够通过学习以前操作的结果来提高自己的性能。 5．Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse(analyse) massive amounts of data through multiple layers，imitating the complex networks of the human brain.(P44 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是简单句。imitating...brain是动词-ing形式作状语。 汉语翻译：深度学习人工智能有能力从多个层次分析大量数据，模拟人脑的复杂网络结构。 6．Years before the term “artificial intelligence”was coined(coin) in the mid-1950s，the theory had been explored(explore) by Alan Turing，one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.(P44 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。before引导时间状语从句；名词短语one of the pioneers in the field of computer science作Alan Turing的同位语。 汉语翻译：“人工智能”这个词在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的许多年前，计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵就已探索了这一理论。 7．A major breakthrough in AI came(come) in 1997，when Deep Blue，a chess-playing computer，beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.(P45 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1997；a chess-playing computer作Deep Blue的同位语。 汉语翻译：人工智能的一个重大突破出现在1997年，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。 8．Then in 2017，a computer program named AlphaGo defeated(defeat) Ke Jie，arguably the best human Go player，which demonstrated a significant(significance) advance in deep-learning AI systems.(P45 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。named AlphaGo是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a computer program；arguably the best human Go player作Ke Jie的同位语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 汉语翻译：之后在2017年，一个叫做阿尔法围棋的计算机程序打败了可以说是人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这体现了深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。 9．Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages，and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces(face)．(P45 Para.4) 结构分析：此句是并列句。第一个分句中，to get...languages是不定式短语作目的状语。 汉语翻译：现在，普通人可以使用人工智能来获取外语文本的即时翻译，计算机也已经可以识别指纹甚至人脸。 10．With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes，we are getting closer to the dividing(divide) line between humans and machines.(P45 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是简单句。With machines...their mistakes是with的复合结构作状语。 汉语翻译：随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够思考并从自身错误中学习，我们正越来越接近人类和机器的分界线。 11．How would they be punished(punish) if they committed crimes or even murdered humans？(P45 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。if引导的是条件状语从句。 汉语翻译：如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，该如何惩罚？ 12．As we become more and more dependent(depend) on computers，some scientists are urging us to think(think) about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.(P45 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句；posed by the advances in AI是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the dangers。 汉语翻译：随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。 13．We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do(do) all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy(greed) and rather be careful what we wish for! (P45 Para.6) 结构分析：此句是并列复合句。it would be fantastic...for us是省略了that的宾语从句，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。 汉语翻译：我们可能仍然认为，整天放松下来，让自动化机器为我们做所有的工作是非常棒的，但也许我们不应该太贪婪，而应该对我们的期待保持谨慎！ Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 抽象地点名词作先行词的定语从句 While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage，these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.(P45 Para.5) AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利；但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。 结构分析：此句是主从复合句。While引导的是让步状语从句；where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词future。 ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————当先行词为抽象地点名词如：case，situation，position，stage，activity，family，scene，point等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或者in which来引导定语从句。 注意：当stage和point用来表示时间概念，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用when来引导定语从句。 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (1)(话题写作之环境保护)只要我们都做出贡献，我们就能有一个可以与自然和谐相处的未来。 As long as all of us make contributions，we can definitely have a future where we can live in harmony with nature. (2)(应用文写作之求助信)现在我正处于一种不知道如何适应新环境的情况下，所以我写信请求你的建议。 Now I am in a situation/case where I don’t know how to adapt to the new surroundings，so I am writing to ask for your suggestions. (3)(2023·上海1月，书面表达)我强烈建议你组织一些活动，让我们学生可以自由分享彼此的经历，我坚信只有这样，我们才能积极参加英语口语课。 I strongly suggest that you organise some activities where we students can share each other’s experiences freely and I hold the strong belief that only in this way can we actively take part in the oral English class. 课文重点词块默写 1．醒来 wake up 2．实现 come true 3．旨在做某事 aim to do sth 4．能够做某事 be capable of doing sth 5．从经验中学习learn from experience 6．适应adjust to 7．执行任务perform tasks 8．提出(计划、建议) put forward 9．有做某事的能力 have the capacity to do sth 10．分析大量的数据 analyse massive amounts of data 11．使……成为现实 make...a reality 12．在……方面，在……领域in the field of 13．简而言之；总之in short 14．一个转折点 a turning point 15．靠近；接近 get close to 16．对某人有利to one’s advantage 17．依赖于become/be dependent on 18．需要某人的关注 demand one’s attention 19．希望；企求wish for 训练2　Welcome to the unit & Reading　[分值：50分] Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共15分) (话题写作——人工智能的发展) 1．很明显，随着科技的进步，利用人工智能为人类服务不再是建空中楼阁。(it作形式主语) It is clear that with the advancement of science and technology，using AI to serve human beings is no longer building castles in the air. 2．有些人表示接受，有些人则担心人工智能会给人类带来威胁。(threat) Some are willing to accept that，while others fear that AI will pose a threat to humans. 3．毫无疑问，大量的危险任务是在人工智能的帮助下完成的。(quantity) There is no doubt that quantities of/a quantity of dangerous tasks are finished with the help of AI. 4．但这并不意味着我们将完全依赖人工智能，人类将被人工智能取代。(抽象地点名词作先行词的定语从句) But that doesn’t mean we will be in a situation where we will completely rely on AI and humans will be replaced by AI. 5．为了应对可能的风险，我们极力主张相关部门采取有效的措施，以防万一。(urge that...) In order to deal with possible risks，we urge that the relevant departments (should) take effective measures，just in case. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 参考范文 Dear Tom， I am writing with the purpose of telling you my opinion on artificial intelligence. It is clear that with the advancement of science and technology，using AI to serve human beings is no longer building castles in the air.It is not unusual that some are willing to accept that，while others fear that AI will pose a threat to humans.There is no doubt that quantities of/a quantity of dangerous tasks are finished with the help of AI.But that doesn’t mean we will be in a situation where we will completely rely on AI and humans will be replaced by AI.In order to deal with possible risks，we urge that the relevant departments (should) take effective measures，just in case.Only with joint efforts can we make the most of artificial intelligence. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Wang Fang Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Imagine a team of humans and robots working together to process online orders.Real-life workers strategically positioned among their automated coworkers who are moving intelligently back and forth in a warehouse(仓库) space，picking items for shipping to the customers. This could become a reality sooner or later thanks to researchers at the University of Missouri，who are working to speed up the online delivery process by developing a software model designed to make transport robots smarter. “The robotic technology already exists，” said Sharan Srinivas，who specializes in data analytics and operations research.“Our goal is to best apply this technology through efficient planning.To do this，we’re asking questions like ‘given a list of items to pick，how do you optimize(优化) the route plan for the human pickers and robots？’ or ‘how many items should a robot pick in a given tour？’ Likewise，we have a similar set of questions for the human worker.The most challenging part is optimizing the collaboration plan between the human pickers and robots.” Currently，a lot of human effort and labor costs are involved with fulfilling online orders.To help optimize this process，robotic companies have already developed cooperative robots，also known as cobots or autonomous mobile robots (AMRs)，to work in a warehouse or distribution center.AMRs are equipped with sensors and cameras to help them navigate(确定方向) around a controlled space like a warehouse. Srinivas said，“The robot is intelligent，so if it’s instructed to go to a particular location，it can navigate the warehouse and not hit any workers or other obstacles along the way.AMRs are not designed to replace human workers，but instead can work cooperatively alongside them to help increase the efficiency of the order fulfillment process.” “The one drawback is that these robots do not have good grasping abilities，” said Srinivas.“But humans are good at grasping items，so we are trying to balance the strength of both resources.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了密苏里大学的研究人员正在开发一种软件模型，旨在使搬运机器人更智能，从而加快线上订单的处理过程。 1．What can we learn from the passage? A．Now only robots pick items for shipping to the customers. B．AMRs are designed to replace human beings. C．Few labor costs are involved with fulfilling online orders now. D．Some researchers are working to speed up the online delivery process. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，密苏里大学的研究人员正在通过开发一种旨在让搬运机器人更智能的软件模型来加速在线订单交付进程。故选D。 2．What is the function of the sensors equipped on AMRs? A．To look cool. B．To sense warnings. C．To direct AMRs’ way. D．To find human workers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“AMRs are equipped with sensors and cameras to help them navigate(确定方向) around a controlled space like a warehouse.”可知，AMRs配备传感器是为了导航，也就是为AMRs指引方向。故选C。 3．What are AMRs bad at? A．Holding. B．Jumping. C．Climbing. D．Walking. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The one drawback is that these robots do not have good grasping abilities”可知，AMRs不擅长抓取物品。故选A。 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．The Simple Use of Robots B．Making Transport Robots Smarter C．Workers in the Warehouse D．Various Robots Invented by Sharan 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第二段以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了密苏里大学的研究人员正在开发一种软件模型，旨在让搬运机器人更加智能，从而加快在线订单交付进程。因此B项“让搬运机器人更智能”最适合作本文的标题。故选B。 B Researchers are trying to explore creative ways to reduce e-waste.Now one team has invented a water-activated battery(水激活电池) made of paper and other sustainable(可持续的) materials. Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners，for instance.Other e-waste is more unnoticeable，such as batteries.It’s these small batteries that are big problems.Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.They invented a water-activated paper battery using environmentally friendly materials that could eventually replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. A traditional battery is made of plastic，metal or other harmful materials.The paper battery works the same as a traditional battery.It has a positively charged(带电的) side，a negatively charged side，and a conductive material(传导材料) between the two.In the new battery，the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt，which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is wet.When the paper is dry，the battery is off.Once the paper is wet，the battery activates within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance worsens as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing，the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again. Although the researchers showed that their battery could power an alarm clock，it is unlikely to replace standard batteries now.It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number，but that future may not be so far off. “This really starts with the development of sustainable materials，” Nyström，the lead author，explains.“From there，I think we are able to create something that is quite useful.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个研究小组发明了一种由纸和其他可持续材料制成的水激活电池。 5．Why did the researchers invent the new batteries? A．To replace harmful batteries. B．To develop sustainable materials. C．To power common devices. D．To make e-waste more noticeable. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They invented a water-activated paper battery...replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.”可知，研究者发明新电池是为了取代旧的有害的电池。故选A。 6．In what aspect are the traditional and the new batteries different? A．Sizes. B．Usages. C．Materials. D．Purposes. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这种新电池是使用环保材料，根据第三段第一句可知，传统电池使用的是塑料、金属或者其他有害材料。由此可知，新的电池与传统电池是在材料方面不同。故选C。 7．What do we know about the paper used in the new batteries? A．It dries within 20 seconds. B．It can be used many times. C．It only has ink on the front side. D．It breaks easily in salt water. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When the paper is dry...the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again.”可知，当纸干了，电池就失效，纸再次被打湿后，电池又可以使用。由此推知，这种纸可以被多次使用。故选B。 8．What can be inferred about the new battery from the last two paragraphs? A．It stores huge power. B．It takes ages to make it. C．It has been put into market. D．It has a promising future. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number，but that future may not be so far off.”可知，大规模生产这种电池的时间不会很遥远，结合最后一段可知，Nyström认为这是一种非常有用的东西。由此推知，这种新电池有广阔的前景。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) Michael McGuire worked all day beneath the Earth’s surface.Maybe he only wanted to take a hot shower and put his 1 up after work. 2 ，the coal miner rushed straight from the mine to a 3 match.This would be his son’s first game，and Michael wasn’t going to 4 it for the world. With no time to wash up or change his clothes，Michael 5 at the game，but this father ended up gaining 6 thanks to a photo. A woman saw Michael and recognized he was a miner who had 7 come straight from work to watch his son’s basketball game.She took a picture and 8 it online.Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times. By the time this 9 went viral，Michael was already back at work in the mine.He had no idea what was happening until he 10 that night. “When I went out and got 11 ，you know there weren’t signals underground，it went crazy ...I couldn’t believe it was 12 .It was simply unthinkable！” Michael said. What a good dad! However tired he was，he made time for his son，even he couldn’t 13 .It didn’t matter what he 14 ，he just wanted to be with his son. We just love seeing more 15 dads like Michael! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了煤矿工人迈克尔下班后来不及洗漱换衣服就匆忙赶去比赛场地陪伴儿子的暖心故事。 1．A.basketball B．clothes C．feet D．poster 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Michael McGuire worked all day beneath the Earth’s surface.”可知，迈克尔在煤矿工作了一整天，下班后他会希望回到家洗个热水澡，然后去放松、休息。put one’s feet up意为“架起双腿休息”。故选C。 2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Still D．However 答案　D 解析　besides此外；therefore因此；still不过；however然而。根据上文可知，迈克尔在劳累的工作后本应该洗个澡去休息，但是他却匆匆赶到儿子比赛的现场，前后文是转折关系。故选D。 3．A.baseball B．football C．basketball D．volleyball 答案　C 解析　根据第四段中“come straight from work to watch his son’s basketball game”可知，迈克尔是看儿子的篮球赛。故选C。 4．A.miss B．comment C．advertise D．relay 答案　A 解析　miss错过，想念；comment评论；advertise打广告；relay转发，转播。根据上文“This would be his son’s first game”可知，这是他儿子的第一次比赛，所以他不想错过。故选A。 5．A.caught up B．gave up C．fell behind D．showed up 答案　D 解析　catch up赶上，追上；give up放弃；fall behind落后；show up出现。根据上文“the coal miner rushed straight from the mine to a match”可知，此处指穿着工作服的迈克尔出现在了比赛场地。故选D。 6．A.success B．fame C．strength D．experience 答案　B 解析　success成功；fame名声；strength力气；experience经验，经历。根据下文“Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times.”可知，迈克尔的照片在网上疯传，因此他出名了。故选B。 7．A.recently B．secretly C．clearly D．frequently 答案　C 解析　recently近期；secretly悄悄地；clearly清楚地；frequently频繁地。根据上文“With no time to wash up or change his clothes，Michael at the game”可知，迈克尔穿着工作服来到比赛场地，所以人们能够看出他很显然是下班后直接来赛场的。故选C。 8．A.posted B．donated C．saw D．downloaded 答案　A 解析　post发布；donate捐赠；download下载。根据下文“Quickly it was shared about 5,000 times.”可知，她把照片发布到网上。故选A。 9．A.game B．photo C．mine D．job 答案　B 解析　根据上文“took a picture”可知，这张照片在网上疯传开了。故选B。 10．A.recovered B．paused C．arrived D．resurfaced 答案　D 解析　recover恢复；pause停顿；arrive到达；resurface再次露出(地面或水面)。根据上文“Michael was already back at work in the mine”以及下文“When I went out”可知，此处指迈克尔再次从煤矿回到地面上。故选D。 11．A.consequence B．service C．permission D．promise 答案　B 解析　consequence结果，后果；service服务；permission许可；promise诺言。根据下文“you know there weren’t signals underground”可知，他回到地面上有了网络服务后才知道自己的照片在网上疯传。故选B。 12．A.real B．possible C．useful D．professional 答案　A 解析　professional职业的。根据下文“It was simply unthinkable！”可知，迈克尔简直不相信这件事是真的。故选A。 13．A.shower B．work C．train D．understand 答案　A 解析　shower洗淋浴；train培训。根据第三段中“With no time to wash up or change his clothes”可知，迈克尔下班后很匆忙，没有时间去洗澡和换衣服。故选A。 14．A.lived on B．insisted on C．looked like D．went after 答案　C 解析　live on靠……活着，继续生存；insist on坚持；look like看起来像；go after追求。根据上文可知，迈克尔穿着工作服来到比赛场地，说明他为了陪孩子而不在乎自己看起来什么样。故选C。 15．A.courageous B．honest C．strict D．devoted 答案　D 解析　courageous勇敢的；honest诚实的；strict严格的；devoted挚爱的，全心全意的。根据全文可知，迈克尔为了看儿子的第一次篮球赛而顾不上换衣服，匆忙从煤矿赶到赛场，然后又匆忙赶回煤矿继续工作，体现了父亲对孩子真挚的爱。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $