精品解析：北京市第八十中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月阶段检测英语试题

北京市第八十中学2026—2027学年第一学期10月阶段评价 高 二 英语 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Two engineers are inspiring kids to dream big and be creative by turning inventions from their imagination into reality. Kids Invent Stuff is a YouTube channel____1____by Ruth Amos and Shawn Brown, who have previously created their own products. Each month, they ask pupils to____2____their invention designs with a specific theme, like "crazy new vehicles". Once an idea is selected, the duo(二人组)then set out to build a____3____version of it that actually works. Meanwhile, they will____4____the whole process and upload the video to the channel. The "world's first popcorn doorbell" was based on the____5____of an eight-year-old student. Their video shows how a leaf blower(吹叶机)can send popcorn flying out of a letter box at the touch of the doorbell. Ruth says they are keen to encourage the younger generation to make the best of their____6____while they are learning something about engineering and building. "We want to show how.____7____engineering is, " she said. "By having fun, it engages them in learning." Their videos____8____both adults and kids with great interest in new ways of thinking.____9____the channel has 12, 400 fans and their most popular video has over 80, 000____10____and about 5, 000 comments. 1. A. run B. selected C. supplied D. played 2. A. call in B. take in C. turn in D. get in 3. A. real-life B. new-style C. small-size D. high-class 4. A. report B. watch C. begin D. film 5. A. discovery B. idea C. opinion D. memory 6. A. courage B. independence C. creativity D. confidence 7. A. serious B. difficult C. funny D. enjoyable 8. A. train B. attract C. refer to D. belong to 9. A. Accidentally B. Constantly C. Previously D. Presently 10. A. offers B. cases C. views D. works 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了由Ruth Amos和Shawn Brown两位工程师运营的一个名为“Kids Invent Stuff”的YouTube频道，正鼓励孩子们要有远大的梦想，要有创造力，把想象中的发明变成现实。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“Kids Invent Stuff”是YouTube上的一个频道，由Ruth Amos和Shawn Brown运营，他们之前也创造过自己的产品。A. run运营，奔跑；B. selected挑选；C. supplied供应；D. played播放。根据后文by Ruth Amos and Shawn Brown可知此处指“Kids Invent Stuff”这个频道是由他们两人运营的。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个月，他们都要求学生们把他们发明的带有特定主题的设计交上来，比如“疯狂的新车”。A. call in召集；B. take in理解；C. turn in交上；D. get in进入。根据后文their invention designs可知这个频道要求学生们把他们的发明提交给频道，然后两位工程师对这些想法进行挑选，再制成实物。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦一个想法被选定，二人就着手建立一个实际可行的现实版本。A. real-life现实的；B. new-style新型的；C. small-size小号；D. high-class高级的。根据后文that actually works可知他们将把这些想法做成现实可行的实物 。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同时，他们将拍摄整个过程并上传视频到频道。A. report报告；B. watch观看；C. begin开始；D. film拍摄。结合后文the whole process and upload the video to the channel可知他们会将制作过程拍摄成视频，再上传到频道里。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“世界上第一个爆米花门铃”的想法就来自一个8岁的学生。A. discovery发现；B. idea想法；C. opinion观点；D. memory记忆。此处对应上文中Once an idea is selected，指“世界上第一个爆米花门铃”的想法来自一个8岁的学生。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：露丝说，他们热衷于鼓励年轻一代在学习工程和建筑知识的同时充分发挥他们的创造力。A. courage勇气；B. independence独立；C. creativity创造力；D. confidence自信。根据第一段中be creative可知他们鼓励年轻一代发挥他们的创造力，故选C。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说:“我们想展示工程是多么有趣。”A. serious严肃的；B. difficult困难的；C. funny好笑的，滑稽的；D. enjoyable有乐趣的，快乐的。根据后文"By having fun, it engages them in learning."可知他们的目的是为了展示工程学多么有趣，funny表示“好笑的”与语境不符。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的视频吸引了对新思维方式有极大兴趣的成年人和孩子。A. train训练；B. attract吸引；C. refer to涉及；D. belong to属于。根据后文both adults and kids with great interest in new ways of thinking.以及the channel has 12, 400 fans可知他们的频道吸引了许多人。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前这个频道有12400个粉丝，他们最受欢迎的视频有超过80000个观看和大约5000个评论。A. Accidentally意外地；B. Constantly不断地；C. Previously以前；D. Presently目前。结合后文的数据the channel has 12, 400 fans and their most popular video has over 80, 000可知此处应当是目前（Presently）的频道数据，以后还会有变化。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前这个频道有12400个粉丝，他们最受欢迎的视频有超过80000个观看和大约5000个评论。A. offers提议；B. cases情况；C. views观看，观点；D. works工作。结合上文their most popular video has over 80, 000可知此处应当是说明观看他们视频的人数。故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I know that I wasn’t a willing student, but I wasn’t slow to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked ____11____ (confident) in myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own ____12____ (strong). I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a ____13____ (present) to the class. That was really the first time I ____14____ (try) to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! 【答案】11. confidence 12. strength(s) 13. presentation 14. had tried 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了作者从前学习主动性不强且缺乏自信。詹金斯老师发现他的长处，安排他课堂展示。那是他第一次当众讲解科学，如今这成了他的职业。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：问题在于我缺乏自信。动词lacked后需接名词作宾语；形容词confident 的名词形式为confidence（自信），符合“缺乏自信”的语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：詹金斯先生让我感到我有自己的长处。my own后需接名词；形容词strong的名词形式为strength（长处、优势），意为“我有自己的长处”，也可复数 strengths，表示多项长处，两个形式都正确。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他让我给全班做一次展示。give a 后接单数名词；固定搭配give a presentation表示“做展示/做演讲”，动词 present对应的名词形式为presentation。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：那真的是我第一次尝试向听众讲解科学，现在这就是我的工作！此处为固定句型 That was the first time (that)…，从句需用过去完成时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此填had tried。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I constantly feel ____15____ (depress) and alone. Since I spend so much time ____16____ (socialise) online, I keep delaying things that are important in my real life: homework, tasks, connecting with my friends and family members in a meaningful way. It’s funny that my friends and I chatter ____17____ online so much, but we end up having nothing to say when we meet. 【答案】15. depressed 16. socialising 17. away 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者沉迷网络社交，在网上和朋友聊个不停，却拖延了现实生活中的学习、任务以及与家人朋友的真诚交往，见面时反而无话可说。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我经常感到沮丧和孤独。所填词作感官动词feel的表语，且和形容词alone是并列关系，要将depress变为形容词depressed。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于我花了太多时间在网上社交，就一直拖延现实生活中重要的事情。根据spend so much time可知，spend+时间名词+doing sth.是固定结构，要将动词socialise变为动名词socialising。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：有意思的是，我和朋友们在网上聊得那么多，见面时却无话可说。空前有动词chatter，结合but we end up having nothing to say when we meet可知，本题要用固定短语chatter away，意为“喋喋不休地说”，away符合本句语境。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We paid a visit to Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she ____18____ (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food. Finally we went to Ann’s room ____19____ we watched TV together. ____20____ (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable. 【答案】18. had given 19. where##and 20. Decorated 【解析】 【导语】文章记述了作者昨天拜访Lucy家，受到热情款待并一起做饭，之后又去Ann的房间看电视的经历。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我们没有费劲就找到她的家，因为她已经给了我们清晰的指示。空处作从句谓语，结合上一句“We paid a visit to Lucy’s house yesterday.”可知，“给清晰的指示”发生在“昨天找到她的家”之前，描述的是过去的过去发生的事，时态应用过去完成时。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句/连词。句意：最后我们去了安的房间，在那里/接着我们一起看了电视。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ann’s room，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词，也可将“去安的房间”和“一起看电视”理解为顺承关系，用意为“然后，接着”的并列连词and连接上下文。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：房间被装饰着鲜花和气球，温暖而舒适。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，be decorated with是固定短语，意为“被……装饰着”，decorate和the room逻辑上是被动关系，因此用过去分词decorated，作状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A ReSpeaker Core v2.0 is a voice control board for smart devices, which can listen to and understand voice commands. The package includes the main ReSpeaker Core v2.0 board, an 8Ω 3W speaker, a 2-Mics Pi HAT, a Micro USB cable, and a guarantee card. How to Set Up the Hardware? First, plug the 2-Mics Pi HAT onto the 40-pin GPIO header of the main board. Then connect the speaker to the Pi HAT. Pay attention to polarity: the red wire must be connected to the “+” end. Finally, power on the device using the Micro USB cable connected to a 5V/2A power adapter. The blue LED lights up on startup, and after about 40 seconds it turns green — ready to use. How to Connect to the Network? When turned on for the first time, the device will create a hotspot named “ReSpeaker Core-XXXX”. Connect your phone or computer to this hotspot using the password 12345678. Then open a browser (浏览器) and visit http://192.168.100.1 to access the setup page. Select your home Wi-Fi network and enter the password. The device will restart and connect automatically. How to Interact with the Device? Once it’s connected, say “Hello, ReSpeaker” followed by commands like “what time is it?” or “play some music”. For best results, speak clearly within 5 meters of the device in a quiet environment. Always use a stable 5V/2A power supply to avoid instability. If problems persist during interaction, press and hold the onboard button for 10 seconds until the LED flashes rapidly to restore factory settings. 21. What is the first step to connect a ReSpeaker Core v2.0 to your home Wi-Fi? A. Select your home Wi-Fi network from the list. B. Open a browser and visit http://192.168.100.1. C. Connect your phone or computer to the hotspot. D. Enter the password 12345678 on the setup page. 22. What should you do if the ReSpeaker Core v2.0 keeps having problems? A. Buy a new power adapter. B. Reconnect it to the network. C. Unplug it and wait for 10 seconds. D. Press the onboard button to reset. 23. Where is the text probably from? A. A product user guide. B. A repair service brochure. C. A technology news report. D. A promotional advertisement. 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了ReSpeaker Core v2.0语音控制板的产品组成、硬件安装、网络连接和设备交互的相关操作方法。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When turned on for the first time, the device will create a hotspot named ‘ReSpeaker Core-XXXX’. Connect your phone or computer to this hotspot using the password 12345678. (首次开机时，设备会创建一个名为“ReSpeaker Core-XXXX”的热点。用密码12345678将你的手机或电脑连接到这个热点。)”可知，连接家庭Wi‑Fi的第一步是把手机或电脑连接到设备热点。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“If problems persist during interaction, press and hold the onboard button for 10 seconds until the LED flashes rapidly to restore factory settings. (如果交互过程中问题持续出现，长按机身上的按钮10秒，直到LED快速闪烁以恢复出厂设置。)”可知，设备持续故障时应长按按钮重置。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“ReSpeaker Core v2.0 is a voice control board for smart devices, which can listen to and understand voice commands. (ReSpeaker Core v2.0是一款用于智能设备的语音控制板，它能够收听并理解语言指令。)以及小标题How to Set Up the Hardware? How to Connect to the Network? How to Interact with the Device? (如何安装硬件？如何连接网络？如何与设备交互？)”可知，文章详细介绍产品组成、安装、联网、使用方法，因此最可能来自产品用户指南。 B When my father died, one of the tasks that fell to me was to sort through and decide which objects to save and which to throw away. Now I look at the objects of my life as if I were dead, wondering, what will my children do with the human skull that sits on the bookcase? They’ve been wanting to throw it out for some years, but will they know how much can be learned from living with a skull? And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve. But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. I was the closest to my father and knew him well; however, only when I was going through his study did I learn he had collected picture postcards of hotels. What was I to do with all the objects that had been him? The sad part of me wanted to put everything in my car and take it home. The rational won, however, and I filled rubbish bags with old newspapers, magazines, apologizing to his spirit as I did. I could not throw out the thousands of pictures he had taken on his travels. I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home. I look at the objects that are my life and the only way my children can satisfy me is by not touching a thing. But they must if I am to go on with my death. And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep? I look at these objects that are me and know, too, that they are symbols of how alone I and each of us is, for no one knows what any object means except he or she who owns it. Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love. 24. Why does the writer keep the plastic head of a horse? A. Because his father gave it to him as a gift. B. Because it makes him a very good chess player. C. Because it brings back memories of his childhood. D. Because he accepted it as a prize for a competition. 25. How did the writer deal with the remaining objects of his father after he died? A. He threw everything away. B. He saved some of the worthless objects. C. He took some of them to his own house. D. He sorted them and put them into good order. 26. What do we know about the writer? A. He is very strict with his children. B. He prefers to collect different skulls. C. He relies on his children to deal with his possessions. D. He knows more about his father after his father died. 27. According to the last paragraph, the objects we save ________. A. serve as the symbols of our social class B. are reminders of past experiences C. are quite expensive and valuable D. make us proud of ourselves 【答案】24. C 25. C 26. C 27. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章是作者在收拾去世的父亲的物品时的感悟。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve. (我知道他们会不假思索地把我桌子上的白色塑料马头扔进垃圾袋，而他们不知道这是我拥有的第一副国际象棋中唯一剩下的棋子。这是我十二岁的时候)”可知，作者保留塑料马头是因为它会让作者想起童年时的回忆，故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home.(我把照片带回家了，虽然我永远不会看它们。我带了十二盒爸爸的东西回家)”可知，作者把爸爸的一些东西带回了自己家，故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. (但最终的决定权还是留给那些最不了解我们的人——我们的孩子)”和最后一段中“And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep?(我想知道我的孩子会保留多少个关于我的盒子呢？)”可知，作者依靠他的孩子们来处理他的物品，故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love. (我们生活中的每一件物品都是记忆，情感围绕着它，隐藏和保护着内心的一个微小真相。只有我记得它们是何时以及如何得到的；我看着这些物体，它们就是我，记忆是温暖的，充满了爱)”可知，我们保留下来的物品可以使我们想起过去的经历。故选B。 C The average smartphone users interact with their device approximately 150 times daily — a frequency amounting to once every six and a half waking minutes. While this figure has become almost commonplace, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such habitual behavior have only recently attracted serious research attention. Scientists at Stanford University have identified a feedback cycle they term the “dopamine (多巴胺) gap”: the interval between anticipating a notification and its actual delivery. During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking. This biological tendency is deliberately exploited by the digital industry. Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income. “These companies are not building tools,” argues Dr. Adam Alter, author of Irresistible. “They are constructing behavior-change systems disguised as everyday utilities.” The consequences extend well beyond wasted time. A 2025 study published in Psychological Science tracked 2,000 adolescents over five years, finding that each additional hour of daily social media use at age 14 was associated with a 13% increase in anxiety and depression symptoms by age 19. This relationship remained statistically significant even after considering family background and prior mental health conditions. Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as “performative minimalism” — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged. A person who turns off notifications for a few hours inevitably returns to the same endless feed later. “It’s like putting a bandage on a broken bone,” observes Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford psychiatrist. “The essential problem remains unaddressed.” Some regulators are taking stronger action. The EU’s Digital Services Act, updated in 2025, now requires platforms to make their recommendation algorithms available for independent review. Meanwhile, a growing “digital minimalism” movement advocates for intentional reduction in technology use — not through more apps, but through personal behavioral changes like scheduling phone-free periods. The solution, it appears, lies not in abandoning technology entirely, but in reclaiming the control that its designers have gradually taken away. 28. What effect does the so-called “dopamine gap” bring about for smartphone users? A. Fewer smartphone notifications. B. Slow release of brain neurotransmitters. C. Frequent checking of their phones. D. Less interest in real-world interactions. 29. What does the underlined word “leverage” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Employ. B. Control. C. Shape. D. Generate. 30. Why does the author mention “screen-time trackers and focus modes” in Paragraph 4? A. To praise the industry’s efforts to address phone addiction. B. To illustrate the EU’s new regulatory requirements for apps. C. To suggest that users should rely more on built-in phone features. D. To argue that current solutions fail to solve the underlying problem. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了频繁刷手机源于多巴胺机制，平台借此设计产品吸引用户，损害青少年心理健康。行业应对治标不治本，人们应夺回对电子产品的掌控权。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking.(在此期间，大脑释放多巴胺，产生一种温和但强烈的渴望，鼓励反复查看。)”可知，“多巴胺缺口”会导致用户频繁查看手机。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“This biological tendency is deliberately exploited by the digital industry.(这种生物学倾向被数字产业故意利用。)”以及划线词所在句“Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income.(社交媒体平台与移动应用经过精心设计，借助无限下滑、不可预测的奖励机制以及推送通知等功能来 leverage 这一机制——这些都是刻意的设计选择，目的是最大限度提升用户活跃度，进而增加广告收入。)”可知，社交媒体和应用程序被精心设计，正是为了通过无尽滚动等功能来“利用”（leverage）这种机制。A项Employ意为“使用，利用”，符合语境。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句“Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as ‘performative minimalism’ — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged.( 然而，该行业的反应被批评为“表演性极简主义”——屏幕时间追踪器和专注模式等功能为用户提供了一种控制的错觉，而完全没有改变潜在的成瘾结构。)”以及段末专家的评价“The essential problem remains unaddressed.( 根本问题仍未解决。)”可知，作者提到这些功能是为了论证当前的表面解决方案未能解决手机成瘾的根本问题。 D Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous (偶然发生的) circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and more likely to act in biased ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually, a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 31. In the first paragraph, the author intends to ______. A. clarify the fundamental reasons why meritocracy affects social position B. contrast two widely accepted standards of distributing the rewards of life C. explain the two social systems and highlight meritocracy D. present the mainstream definition of meritocracy by making a comparison 32. In the author’s opinion, the widely held belief that merit determines success or failure is false because _______. A. Personal merit largely comes from random fortune itself. B. Just like talent, merit has nothing to do with one’s family nurture. C. Merit rests on talent and perseverance, both rooted in natural advantages. D. Unlike random luck, personal merit is shaped by diligence and family background. 33. What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A. The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B. Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C. Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D. Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 34. What is the best title for the passage? A. Meritocracy: A Popular but Misleading Ideal B. Meritocracy: A Fair Alternative to Aristocracy C. Meritocracy: A Fair Replacement for Inherited Aristocracy D. Meritocracy: A Social Order Justified by Personal Effort 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】文章指出优绩主义虽然被广泛接受，但实际上是错误的，因为它忽视了运气对成功的影响，并且相信它会鼓励自私和偏见，因此应该被抛弃。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck. (优绩主义已成为一种主导的社会理想。政客们不断重申，生活的回报——金钱、工作、大学录取——应根据技能和努力来分配。从道德和理论上讲，优绩主义被视为与世袭贵族制的对立，后者中一个人的社会地位取决于出生的运气。)”可推知，作者通过对比优绩主义和世袭贵族制，明确了优绩主义的主流定义。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. (尽管普遍存在，但认为在世界上是才干而非运气决定成功或失败的信念已被证明是错误的。这主要是因为才干本身在很大程度上是运气的结果。天赋和决心努力的能力在很大程度上取决于一个人的遗传天赋和成长环境。)”可知，作者认为个人才干在很大程度上是随机的运气的结果，所以觉得才干决定成功或失败的信念是错误的。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. (在一个变体中，参与者在提出分配方案前玩了一个假想的技能游戏。那些被引导相信“自己获胜”的玩家比那些参与随机游戏的玩家索要更多。类似的研究表明，仅仅在脑海中想到技能就会使人们更能容忍不平等的结果。)”可知，作者通过最后通牒游戏的实验说明，相信才干会让人更自私和容忍不平等，从而暗示相信优绩主义会鼓励自私和偏见。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. (优绩主义已成为一种主导的社会理想。)”和最后一段“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. (无论是作为对世界运行方式的信念，还是作为一种普遍的社会理想，优绩主义都应当被摒弃。这种观念是错误的，而相信它只会助长自私、歧视，并对不幸者的苦难漠不关心。)”可知，文章主要指出优绩主义虽然流行，但实际上是错误的，因为它忽视了运气的影响，并且相信它会鼓励自私和偏见，因此应该被抛弃。所以“优绩主义：一种流行但误导性的理想”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____35____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____36____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____37____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____38____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____39____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. 【答案】35. A 36. C 37. F 38. G 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能耗电的担忧，指出这种担忧不无道理但可能被夸大，同时阐述了人工智能在节能减排方面的潜力及实现其气候效益的措施。 【35题详解】 上文“With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable.(随着新的数据中心的规划，能源消耗的进一步增长似乎是不可避免的)”表达了对人工智能能源消耗增长的担忧。下文“In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume.(事实上，人工智能的能源消耗可能没有许多人想象的那么高)”说明这种担忧是不恰当的。空处和前文为转折关系，说明这种担忧不合理。所以A项“但这种担忧是多余的”符合语境。故选A。 【36题详解】 上文“The international Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years.(国际能源署（IEA）预计，未来五年数据中心的电力消耗可能会增加两倍)”说明人们对数据中心耗能增长的担忧。空处和前文为转折关系，说明即使增长，基数仍较低。所以C项“不过，即使能源使用量上升，基数仍然很低。”符合语境。C选项中的“energy usage rises”与上文中的“electricity consumption could be three times as much”相呼应。故选C。 【37题详解】 下文“AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply.(人工智能在识别复杂模式、处理海量数据集和提升系统方面表现突出，所有这些都能大幅减少排放)”说明AI在减排、环保方面的积极作用。空处为段落的主题句，需引出AI耗能的积极意义。所以F项“此外，AI的部分电力使用将有助于经济绿化。”符合语境。F选项中的“help with greening the economy”与下文中AI助力减排、推动环保的内容相呼应。故选F。 【38题详解】 上文“The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work.(最理想的解决方案是政府为碳设定合理价格，让市场发挥作用)”提出了一个解决措施。空处和前文为转折关系，说明该措施暂难实现，需关注其他方法。所以G项“但由于这仍是一个遥远的梦想，关注其他措施更为现实。”符合语境。G选项中的“that approach”与上文中的“set a proper price on carbon”相呼应，故选G。 【39题详解】 上文“Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises.(第三，科技公司应坚守自己的环保承诺)”提出科技公司的环保责任。空处和前文为举例关系，说明科技公司践行环保承诺的例子。所以D项“例如，微软计划到2030年实现“碳负排放”。”符合语境。D选项中的“Microsoft”是上文中“tech firms”的具体例子。故选D。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文， 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. Social media allows young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic performance. While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations. Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse. 40. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically in recent years. 41. It is mainly about the benefits of social media for young people. 42. Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. 改为Young people’s frequent online expressions of offline behaviours may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment。 43. I make full use of social media to follow educational accounts, which provide me with useful learning resources and tips. Also, I join online study groups to discuss academic topics and share knowledge with others. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章大意是讨论社交媒体对青少年的影响，包括正面影响如促进社交、学习和创造力，以及负面影响如上瘾、健康问题和网络欺凌等。文章还强调了数字足迹对未来声誉和机会的潜在威胁。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.(使用社交媒体已成为大多数年轻人的日常活动。近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展的大部分都发生在互联网上)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展的大部分都发生在互联网上，是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故填Because the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically in recent years. 【41题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第二段“Social media allows young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic performance.(社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地将博客作为教学工具，这有助于提高写作表达能力和创造力的技能。同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心)”可知，本段提到了社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务，同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心，可推理出第二段主要讲了社交媒体对年轻人的好处。故填It is mainly about the benefits of social media for young people. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.(研究还表明，网络上经常出现线下行为的表达，这引发了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题)”可知，网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题是由线下行为的网络表达引发的，而不是由年轻人的不当数字足迹引起的，所以陈述中的“Young people’s improper digital footprint(年轻人的不当数字足迹)”表达是错误的，应改为Young people’s frequent online expressions of offline behaviours may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment，故填Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. 改为Young people’s frequent online expressions of offline behaviours may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. 【43题详解】 考查开放答题。根据第二段“Social media allows young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic performance.(社交媒体让年轻人能够在网上完成许多对他们线下来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地将博客作为教学工具，这有助于提高写作表达能力和创造力的技能。同时，社交媒体帮助他们得到他们想要的东西，增加他们的知识和对学业成绩的信心) ”可知，可以充分利用社交媒体关注教育账号，因为它们为我提供有用的学习资源和技巧。此外，还加入在线学习小组，讨论学术话题，与他人分享知识。故填I make full use of social media to follow educational accounts, which provide me with useful learning resources and tips. Also, I join online study groups to discuss academic topics and share knowledge with others. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是学生会主席李华，本月你校即将举办建校70周年校庆活动。请你给你校外教Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此活动。内容包括： 1.活动时间、地点、活动内容等； 2.表达期待。 注意： 1.词数100词左右； 2.邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.参考词汇：周年纪念日 anniversary 校友 alumni (复数) Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chris, Knowing you have great interest in campus culture, on behalf of the School’s Student Union, I’m writing to extend my sincere invitation to you to attend our school’s 70th anniversary celebration. Scheduled to be held in the school hall at 9 a.m. on October 20th, the event includes a variety of well-prepared activities. We will enjoy brilliant performances presented by students, ranging from the chorus to short dramas. An exhibition displaying our school’s glorious history will also be available, where you can view precious old photos and historical documents. Besides, distinguished alumni will gather to share their touching memories of campus life. It would be highly appreciated if you could spare some time to make it. I’m convinced that you will get a deeper insight into our campus culture. Looking forward to your presence. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以学生会主席李华的身份，给外教Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校70周年校庆活动，写作需要涵盖活动时间、地点、活动内容并表达期待。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→stage 各种各样的：a variety of→a wide range of 展示：display→showcase 杰出的：distinguished→excellent 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Scheduled to be held in the school hall at 9 a.m. on October 20th, the event includes a variety of well-prepared activities. 拓展句：The event, which is scheduled to be held in the school hall at 9 a.m. on October 20th , includes a variety of well-prepared activities. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing you have great interest in campus culture, on behalf of the School’s Student Union, I’m writing to extend my sincere invitation to you to attend our school’s 70th anniversary celebration.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语、省略that的宾语从句、动词不定式短语作目的状语和动词不定式短语作后置定语) 【高分句型2】An exhibition displaying our school’s glorious history will also be available, where you can view precious old photos and historical documents.(运用了现在分词短语作后置定语和where引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第八十中学2026—2027学年第一学期10月阶段评价 高 二 英语 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Two engineers are inspiring kids to dream big and be creative by turning inventions from their imagination into reality. Kids Invent Stuff is a YouTube channel____1____by Ruth Amos and Shawn Brown, who have previously created their own products. Each month, they ask pupils to____2____their invention designs with a specific theme, like "crazy new vehicles". Once an idea is selected, the duo(二人组)then set out to build a____3____version of it that actually works. Meanwhile, they will____4____the whole process and upload the video to the channel. The "world's first popcorn doorbell" was based on the____5____of an eight-year-old student. Their video shows how a leaf blower(吹叶机)can send popcorn flying out of a letter box at the touch of the doorbell. Ruth says they are keen to encourage the younger generation to make the best of their____6____while they are learning something about engineering and building. "We want to show how.____7____engineering is, " she said. "By having fun, it engages them in learning." Their videos____8____both adults and kids with great interest in new ways of thinking.____9____the channel has 12, 400 fans and their most popular video has over 80, 000____10____and about 5, 000 comments. 1. A. run B. selected C. supplied D. played 2. A. call in B. take in C. turn in D. get in 3. A. real-life B. new-style C. small-size D. high-class 4. A. report B. watch C. begin D. film 5. A. discovery B. idea C. opinion D. memory 6. A. courage B. independence C. creativity D. confidence 7. A. serious B. difficult C. funny D. enjoyable 8. A. train B. attract C. refer to D. belong to 9. A. Accidentally B. Constantly C. Previously D. Presently 10. A. offers B. cases C. views D. works 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I know that I wasn’t a willing student, but I wasn’t slow to learn new things. The problem was that I lacked ____11____ (confident) in myself. Mr Jenkins made me feel that I had my own ____12____ (strong). I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a ____13____ (present) to the class. That was really the first time I ____14____ (try) to explain science to an audience and now it’s my job! B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 I constantly feel ____15____ (depress) and alone. Since I spend so much time ____16____ (socialise) online, I keep delaying things that are important in my real life: homework, tasks, connecting with my friends and family members in a meaningful way. It’s funny that my friends and I chatter ____17____ online so much, but we end up having nothing to say when we meet. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 We paid a visit to Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she ____18____ (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food. Finally we went to Ann’s room ____19____ we watched TV together. ____20____ (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A ReSpeaker Core v2.0 is a voice control board for smart devices, which can listen to and understand voice commands. The package includes the main ReSpeaker Core v2.0 board, an 8Ω 3W speaker, a 2-Mics Pi HAT, a Micro USB cable, and a guarantee card. How to Set Up the Hardware? First, plug the 2-Mics Pi HAT onto the 40-pin GPIO header of the main board. Then connect the speaker to the Pi HAT. Pay attention to polarity: the red wire must be connected to the “+” end. Finally, power on the device using the Micro USB cable connected to a 5V/2A power adapter. The blue LED lights up on startup, and after about 40 seconds it turns green — ready to use. How to Connect to the Network? When turned on for the first time, the device will create a hotspot named “ReSpeaker Core-XXXX”. Connect your phone or computer to this hotspot using the password 12345678. Then open a browser (浏览器) and visit http://192.168.100.1 to access the setup page. Select your home Wi-Fi network and enter the password. The device will restart and connect automatically. How to Interact with the Device? Once it’s connected, say “Hello, ReSpeaker” followed by commands like “what time is it?” or “play some music”. For best results, speak clearly within 5 meters of the device in a quiet environment. Always use a stable 5V/2A power supply to avoid instability. If problems persist during interaction, press and hold the onboard button for 10 seconds until the LED flashes rapidly to restore factory settings. 21. What is the first step to connect a ReSpeaker Core v2.0 to your home Wi-Fi? A. Select your home Wi-Fi network from the list. B. Open a browser and visit http://192.168.100.1. C. Connect your phone or computer to the hotspot. D. Enter the password 12345678 on the setup page. 22. What should you do if the ReSpeaker Core v2.0 keeps having problems? A. Buy a new power adapter. B. Reconnect it to the network. C. Unplug it and wait for 10 seconds. D. Press the onboard button to reset. 23. Where is the text probably from? A. A product user guide. B. A repair service brochure. C. A technology news report. D. A promotional advertisement. B When my father died, one of the tasks that fell to me was to sort through and decide which objects to save and which to throw away. Now I look at the objects of my life as if I were dead, wondering, what will my children do with the human skull that sits on the bookcase? They’ve been wanting to throw it out for some years, but will they know how much can be learned from living with a skull? And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve. But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. I was the closest to my father and knew him well; however, only when I was going through his study did I learn he had collected picture postcards of hotels. What was I to do with all the objects that had been him? The sad part of me wanted to put everything in my car and take it home. The rational won, however, and I filled rubbish bags with old newspapers, magazines, apologizing to his spirit as I did. I could not throw out the thousands of pictures he had taken on his travels. I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home. I look at the objects that are my life and the only way my children can satisfy me is by not touching a thing. But they must if I am to go on with my death. And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep? I look at these objects that are me and know, too, that they are symbols of how alone I and each of us is, for no one knows what any object means except he or she who owns it. Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love. 24. Why does the writer keep the plastic head of a horse? A. Because his father gave it to him as a gift. B. Because it makes him a very good chess player. C. Because it brings back memories of his childhood. D. Because he accepted it as a prize for a competition. 25. How did the writer deal with the remaining objects of his father after he died? A. He threw everything away. B. He saved some of the worthless objects. C. He took some of them to his own house. D. He sorted them and put them into good order. 26. What do we know about the writer? A. He is very strict with his children. B. He prefers to collect different skulls. C. He relies on his children to deal with his possessions. D. He knows more about his father after his father died. 27. According to the last paragraph, the objects we save ________. A. serve as the symbols of our social class B. are reminders of past experiences C. are quite expensive and valuable D. make us proud of ourselves C The average smartphone users interact with their device approximately 150 times daily — a frequency amounting to once every six and a half waking minutes. While this figure has become almost commonplace, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such habitual behavior have only recently attracted serious research attention. Scientists at Stanford University have identified a feedback cycle they term the “dopamine (多巴胺) gap”: the interval between anticipating a notification and its actual delivery. During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking. This biological tendency is deliberately exploited by the digital industry. Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income. “These companies are not building tools,” argues Dr. Adam Alter, author of Irresistible. “They are constructing behavior-change systems disguised as everyday utilities.” The consequences extend well beyond wasted time. A 2025 study published in Psychological Science tracked 2,000 adolescents over five years, finding that each additional hour of daily social media use at age 14 was associated with a 13% increase in anxiety and depression symptoms by age 19. This relationship remained statistically significant even after considering family background and prior mental health conditions. Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as “performative minimalism” — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged. A person who turns off notifications for a few hours inevitably returns to the same endless feed later. “It’s like putting a bandage on a broken bone,” observes Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford psychiatrist. “The essential problem remains unaddressed.” Some regulators are taking stronger action. The EU’s Digital Services Act, updated in 2025, now requires platforms to make their recommendation algorithms available for independent review. Meanwhile, a growing “digital minimalism” movement advocates for intentional reduction in technology use — not through more apps, but through personal behavioral changes like scheduling phone-free periods. The solution, it appears, lies not in abandoning technology entirely, but in reclaiming the control that its designers have gradually taken away. 28. What effect does the so-called “dopamine gap” bring about for smartphone users? A. Fewer smartphone notifications. B. Slow release of brain neurotransmitters. C. Frequent checking of their phones. D. Less interest in real-world interactions. 29. What does the underlined word “leverage” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Employ. B. Control. C. Shape. D. Generate. 30. Why does the author mention “screen-time trackers and focus modes” in Paragraph 4? A. To praise the industry’s efforts to address phone addiction. B. To illustrate the EU’s new regulatory requirements for apps. C. To suggest that users should rely more on built-in phone features. D. To argue that current solutions fail to solve the underlying problem. D Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous (偶然发生的) circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and more likely to act in biased ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually, a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 31. In the first paragraph, the author intends to ______. A. clarify the fundamental reasons why meritocracy affects social position B. contrast two widely accepted standards of distributing the rewards of life C. explain the two social systems and highlight meritocracy D. present the mainstream definition of meritocracy by making a comparison 32. In the author’s opinion, the widely held belief that merit determines success or failure is false because _______. A. Personal merit largely comes from random fortune itself. B. Just like talent, merit has nothing to do with one’s family nurture. C. Merit rests on talent and perseverance, both rooted in natural advantages. D. Unlike random luck, personal merit is shaped by diligence and family background. 33. What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A. The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B. Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C. Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D. Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 34. What is the best title for the passage? A. Meritocracy: A Popular but Misleading Ideal B. Meritocracy: A Fair Alternative to Aristocracy C. Meritocracy: A Fair Replacement for Inherited Aristocracy D. Meritocracy: A Social Order Justified by Personal Effort 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Even if you don’t worry that artificial intelligence will destroy the human race, you might worry that its alarming appetite for electricity will destroy the environment — asking Chat GPT a question means using ten times more energy than an old-fashioned approach. With new data centers planned, further growth in energy consumption seems unavoidable. ____35____ In fact, AI may be less energy-hungry than many people assume. Better still, AI can help decarbonize the industries that have proved hardest to clean up. Consider AI’s appetite for energy first. The International Energy Agency (IEA) expects that electricity consumption by data centres could be three times as much in the next five years. ____36____ Data centres today only account for about 1.5% of the world’s electricity consumption — and the vast majority of that is due to streaming, social media and online shopping, not AI. ____37____ AI stands out in identifying complex patterns, processing giant data sets and boosting systems, all of which can help cut emissions sharply. AI is already helping improve the efficiency of electrical grids, cut fuel use in shipping and spot otherwise invisible leaks of methane, a greenhouse gas. The task for policymakers and industry bosses is to maximize such benefits while minimizing the climate impacts. The most elegant solution would be for governments to set a proper price on carbon and leave the market to do its work. ____38____ The first is greater transparency (透明). From August 2026 the EU will require some AI developers to report their energy use in detail. A second is to rethink how data centres operate. The IEA notes that being able to shift workloads between different data centres at different times could reduce stress and help balance energy grids. Third, tech firms should hold themselves to their own environmental promises. ____39____ Doubling down on some approaches would help transform AI from climate suspect to climate hero. A. But the concern is misplaced. B. That approach should be copied elsewhere. C. Even if energy usage rises, though, the base is still low. D. For instance, Microsoft aims to become “carbon negative” by 2030. E. Microsoft’s greenhouse-gas emissions are up by almost 30% since 2020. F. Moreover, some of AI’s electricity use will help with greening the economy. G. But because it remains a distant dream, focusing on other measures is more realistic. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文， 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. Social media allows young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic performance. While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations. Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse. 40. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是学生会主席李华，本月你校即将举办建校70周年校庆活动。请你给你校外教Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此活动。内容包括： 1.活动时间、地点、活动内容等； 2.表达期待。 注意： 1.词数100词左右； 2.邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.参考词汇：周年纪念日 anniversary 校友 alumni (复数) Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $