上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第一学期高三年级英语学科11月试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科11月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What is the minimum difference a species must show in order to be classed as a new species? This is less straightforward than it seems. The concept of species, as a way of classifying animals and plants, 1          (rely) on finding some feature that all members of that species share, and which is unique to them. This works pretty well for many organisms, but species 2          (continually put) together or split into two as biologists search for the perfect classification system. There are currently at least 26 different ways 3          (define) the concept of a species. Some consider physical or genetic similarity, while others consider whether populations interbreed (杂交繁殖)-or whether they could if they weren't separated by a geographical barrier, such as a mountain range or ocean. Other definitions of species focus on the evolutionary history of the organism, grouping species according to 4          recently they shared a common ancestor. 5          biologists could agree on a single definition of a species, identifying a point at which a new species is created would still be difficult. Theoretically, the minimum difference could be single mutated (变异) gene, marking a fork in the evolutionary tree 6          one species splits into two. However, biologists almost certainly wouldn't recognise the creation of the new species until later, when the genetic mutation appeared as a difference in the way the animal looked or behaved. The 7          (close) we've come to this was probably in 2016, when researchers at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia artificially altered the genome (基因组) of a species of Drosophila fruit fly. This change to a single gene altered the frequency of the courtship'song' 8          (produce) by the male fly. The insects 9          (carry) this gene could still mate with the wild population, so they couldn't be considered a separate species by most definitions. But they preferred to mate with similarly mutated flies, and if this mutation had occurred in the wild, it's possible that this might have resulted 10          the evolution of a new species. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. acknowledged B. celebrate C. competition D. creature E. endure F. individual G. named H. odds I. prejudice J. relative K. underdeveloped Animal Olympics Athleticism, speed, strength, power, endurance: Humans 11          these qualities in such events as the Olympic Games. In the animal kingdom, however, these qualities are necessary for the welfare and survival of the 12          and society. Marathon The Olympic Marathon, covering a distance of 26 miles, doesn't come close to the marathons some animals 13         . Take the Arctic tern, for instance. If migrates between the North and South Poles, covering a distance of as much as 30,000 miles each and every year. Some birds spend long durations, even most of their lives, in flight. Swifts, for example, have very 14          legs and live almost entirely on the wing. Some seabirds, such as the sooty tern, fly for years without landing. The wandering albatross 15          for its ability to fly thousands of miles on feeding trips. Diving The sperm whale is generally 16          to be the deepest diving mammal, but the northern bottlenose whale is not far behind. The sperm whale is known to dive a mile (5,280 feet) or deeper and to stay under for duration over two hours. The bottlenose is said to dive at least 5,000 feet and is also able to remain underwater for two hours. If the two were competing in an Olympic event, the 17          would be about even. There is little 18          for the deepest diving bird: it is the emperor penguin, which can dive to a depth of 1,770 feet. Outside of the penguin family, the thick-billed murre may be one of the emperor's nearest competitors; it is thought to dive to 600-700 feet. Weightlifting No animal on earth can lift as much weight as the African elephant, which can pick up a one-ton weight with its trunk. However, 19          to body size, the elephant doesn't even come close to the strongest animal on earth. What is it? The rhinoceros beetle. This rather strange-looking little 20          can transport objects weighing 850 times its own body weight. The elephant, carrying only one fourth of its body weight, isn't even close in this contest. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how 21          some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven't yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably 22          is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We're surrounded by confident 23          on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than 24         . Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain's lending nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King's College London. Its subtitle is: "Why almost everything we've been told about food is wrong." It is a call for us to 25          more. One by one Spector offers answers to recent food 26         . Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone "from heroes to villains and back again". Don't say no to all red meat on 27          grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are "probably good for you". Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it's 28          useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven 29          but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in he now 30         . Spector also offers more than a set of currently 31          tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most 32          point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are 33         ; yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why. Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome - the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body - drives different 34          for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to 35          the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we've witnessed this year. 21. A. well-known B. aim-oriented C. ill-founded D. long-lived 22. A. certain about B. ignorant of C. capable of D. worried about 23. A. decisions B. courses C. focuses D. suggestions 24. A. facts B. chances C. reasons D. features 25. A. investigate B. demand C. concentrate D. spend 26. A. supplies B. shortages C. standards D. myths 27. A. culture B. history C. economy D. health 28. A. equally B. practically C. socially D. impossibly 29. A. effectiveness B. consciousness C. competitiveness D. emptiness 30. A. serves B. shares C. recognizes D. dismisses 31. A. pointless B. topical C. defensible D. additional 32. A. emotional B. significant C. questionable D. forgivable 33. A. individual B. unpredictable C. important D. available 34. A. changes B. outcomes C. profits D. addicts 35. A. start B. analyze C. stop D. reflect Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Judging by the historic record, we've been fascinated by our reflections for a long time. Some of the earliest human-made mirrors date to 6200 B.C. in Turkey. But even back then, mirrors were largely used to assess how beautiful we were. Egyptians paintings and carvings show the upper classes combing their hair and applying thick red, green, yellow and black cosmetics in front of mirrors. Mirrors were associated from early on with vanity (虚荣). Through the middle ages, the technology for mirrors was simple: Fashioned from blown glass, they were usually small and often convex (凸面的). In the Renaissance, Italians began developing techniques for making flatter glass, and in 1507 hit upon a way of covering the back of the glass with mercury and tin to produce clear mirrors. This new technology was wonderful, but so expensive that nobles sometimes sold property just to afford one. In the 16th and l7th centuries, mirror making was so costly that it required the investment of half of France's GDP. By the time the Renaissance was in full flower, wealthy noblemen could get large mirrors in which they could see their entire body at a glance. It was a transformative sight. The historian Ian Mortimer believes that mirror were central in developing the modern sense of the individual. "Mankind," says Mortimer, became "a valid topic of study in his own right." As the playwright and novelist Louis-Sebastien Mercler noted in the1780s, wealthy young men would look "at four mirrors at once to see themselves". In 1715, the essayist Richard Steele observed groups of people visiting a London mirror shop, where "they will certainly be well pleased, for they will have unavoidable opportunities of seeing what they most like.... I mean their own dear selves." Many others thought nothing of all this self-regard. In the early years of America, "mirrors were considered, within American society, a kind of luxury that was somewhat shameful," says Josiah McElheny, a Brooklyn-based artist who works with mirrors. Some countries leveled taxes on large mirrors. America's mirror taxes were so high that if a furniture maker wished to create a full-body-sized reflection without going bankrupt (破产), he had to assemble it from several smaller mirrors. It wasn't until the last decades of the 19th century that the industrial world could finally make big mirrors cheaply. Production exploded and mirrors quickly passed from luxurious products for the rich to everyday devices that were affordable among an emerging middle class. In 1897, Sears Roebuck advertised ten-inch-square mirrors for only 50 cents apiece and said: "No house is complete without a number of small mirrors which are handy in so many rooms." 36. Which of the following statements is true of the mirrors in the Renaissance? A. They were rather small in size. B. They were unaffordable to most people. C. They were mostly manufactured in Italy. D. They were no longer associated with vanity. 37. According to Ian Mortimer, what change did mirrors bring about? A. Humans started to think of themselves as an individual. B. More and more mirrors shops sprang up all over Europe. C. Novelists began to write about people's love for mirrors. D. People cared about their appearance for the first time. 38. In the early years of America, mirrors ________. A. brought their makers much profit B. were regarded as something meaningless C. were mostly assembled from small pieces D. caused many furniture makers to go bankrupt 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. The transformative sight of mirrors. B. The varying enthusiasm for mirrors. C. The historic development of mirrors. D. The change in people's attitudes to mirrors. （B） In our globalized world, we often take it for granted that the things that surround us are universal, sensible and normal. So when we travel or live abroad and discover new objects-or the absence of ones we expected to find--it can be surprising. IN-HA, SOUTH KOREA I've more or less got used to most of the odd things I've encountered in Britain-the houses that are old and draughty, the fitted carpets on the stairs and even in the bathrooms; the presence of kettles and toasters in every single kitchen. One thing I still struggle to understand, though, is why so many places still have separate hot and cold taps at the sink rather than a mixer tap. It's much better with a mixer tap because you can wash with running water. JIM, NORTHERN IRELAND There are loads of things I've noticed here in Spain that are different to back home. For example, in Belfast I used to live in a basement flat, which people here find really weird as basements are mainly used for storing things! Then there's all the kitchen equipment: we've got a jamonero, which is a kind of clamp that holds meat in place while you slice it and a paellera, which is this flat, round, shallow pan with two handles for cooking paella (西班牙海鲜饭) in. A lot of the time, folk cook on gas burners to ensure the heat is evenly distributed, so of course we have one of those as well. KASIA, POLAND I'm Polish, my husband is Brazilian and we met in Sweden! We've been living in his hometown of Belo Horizonte for the last four years now and life is different here. For example, back in Lublin, I used to love soaking in a nice hot bath, but here we don't even have a tub! It's much more of a shower culture here--usually both before and after work as it's so hot and wet. Oh, and I mustn't forget that must-have in Brazilian kitchens: the pressure cooker. We use ours all the time, especially when cooking black beans--feijao. ED, CANADA I spent two years living and working in Qingdao, on the east coast of China, and found the homes there quite fascinating. Most people I knew there live in apartments in high-rise blocks and though they do have some modern appliances, dryers were unusual and you'd often see washing hung out to dry on the balconies. My place didn't have an oven either, which somewhat reduced the scope of my cooking. though I got pretty good at using a wok--a big, round Chinese frying pan on just a single gas ring. 40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Overseas Study B. Foreign Objects C. Global Travelling D. Unusual Cooking 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. British people like mixer taps more than separate ones. B. Spanish people think it is all right to live in basements. C. Brazilian people prefer showers to hot baths. D. Chinese people enjoy cooking food in ovens. 42. All of the four people mention A. kitchen appliances B. cleaning appliances C. climate control appliances D. entertainment appliances （C） Urban settings, far from being ecological wastelands, are full of biological activity. Cities have been described as essential to climate change solutions, but they can also raise the kinds of ecologists that will bring us into a more inclusive biological future, I am a wildlife biologist from Philadelphia. In the U.S., ecology was and is predominantly conducted in rural landscapes. I stood out among my peers for not having a history of camping, fishing, hunting or hiking. I had yet to recognize that Philadelphia, with its four seasons and the large population of squirrels (松鼠), row homes and festivals, was actually my first ecological classroom. There I witnessed feral cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats away from their homes and snakes being killed by lawn owners. This is as much ecology in action as anything we witness in fields and forests. Urban wild animals exhibit various features and behaviors that set them apart from rural ones: they may be bigger, eat more diverse food sources, are active at different times of the day, move differently and have different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even "smarter." Urban wildlife balances more risks - such as exposure to roads, chemicals and diseases from domestic animals - with rewards. Some of those rewards come from humans providing food and from the distribution of our parks and water bodies. Others, particularly for carnivores (食肉动物), are natural resources such as rodents (啮齿动物). This relationship, coupled landscape where nature meets people, can also dramatically influence human societies. Our interactions with nature are common. Urbanites' intuition is sharpened by risks - we know a dangerous street, and we lock our doors. Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. This interplay affords us an understanding through proximity. In our professional lives as biologists, our exposure to diverse communities in cities initiates cultural sensitivities that help to promote inclusivity. When you experience the scarcity of resources in a crowded city, you understand resource distribution at a deeply personal level. We bear witness to evolution and the wealth of nature's innovation through flowers coming out through concrete and birds eating dead bird bodies on highways. Such heterogeneity (不均质性) in cities plants unconscious seeds of appreciation for diversity, tolerance and empathy that can benefit the natural world. By training more biologists from urban settings, we are creating an agenda that has broader societal relevance. Most of the world's population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter and trash trucks. 43. According to the writer, how does he/she differ from other wildlife biologists? A. She used to keep several wild animals as pets. B. She was born in a city with four distinctive seasons. C. She had little experience of exploring the rural areas. D. She witnessed many accidents that happened to rural wildlife. 44. According to the writer, which of the following statements is TRUE of urban wild animals? A. They are of a different ancestry from rural wild animals. B. They are often more active at night than in the daytime. C. They are more resistant 1o diseases than domestical animals. D. They are more likely to feed on something rural ones don't eat at all. 45. The word "proximity" (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to "________" A. productivity B. closeness C. treatment D. threat 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Cities tend to make better biologists B. Biologists are mostly not very tolerant. C. Resources are getting scarcer in rural areas. D. It is essential for biologists to live in urban neighborhoods. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. To identify objects that might be planets, Brown says, "I simply look for things that move." B. Their orbits are not random. C. Pluto lost, but science won. D. To me, the search for Planet 9 is the continuation of what humans have done forever. E. "I wanted to understand what was there," Brown says, "I thought there were probably new planets still to find." F. Brown is still busy investigating the outer solar system. Big Questions from Mike Brown Mike Brown killed Pluto (冥王星). He had his reasons. But the astronomer did not set out to reclassify the solar system's ninth planet as a dwarf (矮星). Brown was interested in the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy comets and asteroids (彗星和星云) beyond Neptune's orbit. 47         . Brown, a professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology, was correct. Analyzing images from a nearby observatory, he and his team identified a number of new Kuiper Belt Objects. Brown found these bodies by investigating a massive number of images taken by a telescope at a nearby observatory. When comparing images from different times, a planet's position will change from one exposure to the next. 48          One of the Kuiper Bet Objects he identified, Eris, is the most massive celestial body found in the solar system in more than a century. Since Eris was more massive than Pluto, astronomers soon began debating what it means to be a planet, a question that astronomers had considered long settled. 49          "The Kuiper Belt has been in a deep freeze for the past four-and-a-half-billion years," Brown says. "We are basically looking back to the earliest history of the solar system." Brown and Professors David Jewitt at University of California, Los Angeles, and Jane Luu at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, received the 2012 Kavli Prize in Astrophysics for their work. Since then, Brown has discovered hundreds more Kuiper Belt Objects. "Every single time," Brown says, "there's this little charge of, 'Oh my God, this little ice ball at the edge of the solar system has never before been seen by human eyes until this very moment.' And that is always a moving experience." 50          However, he managed to tear himself away to discuss the next big mysteries in our comer of the universe, including why our solar system is such an oddball, and where we might finally find Planet 9. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Small talk Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion. Nevertheless, research suggests they will benefit. One reason for small talk's bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualised dialogue, little information is exchanged. "Hello" signals nothing at all. "How are you" rarely gets a fully honest answer. However, linguists call that crucial "hello" talk "phatic (交流情感的)". Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk "ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words." If you know literally nothing about someone you can still safely presume they prefer sun to rain, and begin to establish a connection on that basis. If your bus or train is suddenly stuck, an even better opportunity arises, You can be sure your fellow passengers are not happy about it, and a shared grousing session makes then - and you feel less alone with you inconvenience. At work, small talk may seem a distraction from what employees are paid to do. But there is a spectrum between empty talk ("Hello"), social talk ("How was your holiday?"), social talk relevant to work ("Is Sarah still on holiday?") and pure business talk ("Has Sarah finished that report?"). A study of government departments in New Zealand by Janet Holmes shows how frequently people switch between those modes, even in brief conversations, That suggests a function beyond filing awkward gaps. Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 对于这个小镇为什么要改名，我百思不得其解。(why) 53. 最近读了两部新书，对于这条马路的往事，我又有新的发现。(discovery) 54. 在他们看来，无论是过去还是现在，城市都是大众最熟悉的场景与文化载体。(familiar) 55. 研究发现，老年人和年轻人在工作表现上各有千秋，很难说谁更有优势。(advantage) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校学生会计划组织一场学生艺术作品展览，就该展览以线上形式（学校官网开辟专门区域，将学生作品拍摄成不同角度的照片后在该线上区域展出，配以声音解说）还是线下形式（学校图书馆留出专门区域，作品旁搭配文字说明)听取全校师生意见。写一封邮件给学生会相关部门，内容须包括: 1）你的选择； 2）你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科11月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. relies 2. are continually being put 3. to define 4. how 5. Even if 6. where 7. closest 8. produced 9. carrying 10. in Section B 11. B 12. F 13. E 14. K 15. G 16. A 17. H 18. C 19. J 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C Section B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A Section C 47. E 48. A 49. C 50. F III. Summary Writing 51. Small talk is often considered meaningless because it involves no real information exchange. However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings. Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer. IV. Translation 52. I can’t understand at all why this town changed its name. 53. Recently, I have read two new books, and have made new discoveries about the past of this road. 54. In their view, either in the past or at present, cities are the scenes and cultural carriers that the public are most familiar with. 55. Research shows that the elderly and the young have their own strengths and weaknesses in work performance, and it’s hard to say which group has an obvious advantage over the other. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Student Council Members, I am writing to express my opinion on the upcoming student art exhibition. As a student of Mingqi High School, I believe that the exhibition should be held online rather than offline. Firstly, hosting the exhibition online will allow for greater accessibility and reach. Students, teachers, and parents can view the art pieces anytime and anywhere with internet access. This way, more people can appreciate the hard work and creativity of our fellow students. Secondly, hosting the exhibition online provides more opportunities for creativity and innovation. With the use of technology, we can create an interactive and immersive experience for viewers, such as adding sound effects or music to the art pieces. This not only enhances the visual impact of the art pieces but also stimulates the viewers' senses and emotions. Lastly, hosting the exhibition online is more cost-effective and eco-friendly. We do not need to print flyers or set up physical exhibition spaces, which can save resources and reduce waste. In addition, it is easier to update and maintain an online platform than an offline one, which can save time and effort. Therefore, I strongly suggest that the student art exhibition should be held online. I hope my opinion can be taken into consideration when making the final decision. Sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $