学考专题04 动词时态与语态：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，浙江专用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题04 动词时态与语态 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 动词的时态 知识点二 被动语态 练|巩固提升训练 一、考点导航：时态与语态在考什么 动词的时态与语态是高考英语语法填空、短文改错和写作中的必考点，每年语法填空必考 1—2 题，且经常与主谓一致、非谓语动词结合考查。下表梳理全国卷近五年高频考点分布，便于复习时抓大放小。 表1 时态与语态高考考点频率一览 考点 考查频率 常见题型 复习优先级 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 ★★★★★ 语法填空、完形 最高 过去完成时（过去的过去） ★★★★★ 语法填空、阅读长难句 最高 现在进行时表将来/反复 ★★★★ 语法填空、写作 高 被动语态（各时态被动） ★★★★★ 语法填空、短文改错 最高 一般现在时表客观/计划 ★★★★ 语法填空、写作 高 过去进行时（背景动作） ★★★ 完形、阅读 中 现在完成进行时 ★★★ 语法填空、写作 中 主动形式表被动意义 ★★★★ 短文改错、语法填空 高 二、动词时态总论 英语时态由"时间"（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和"体态"（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）两个维度组合而成，共 16 种。高考高频考查其中 8—10 种。理解时态的关键不是死记结构，而是抓住动作发生的"时间坐标"和"体态特征"（是否完成、是否进行）。 表2 高考常见时态结构与意义一览表 时态 基本结构（以 do 为例） 核心时间意义 一般现在时 do / does 经常性、客观性、真理性 一般过去时 did 过去某时发生并结束 一般将来时 will / shall do 将来要发生 现在进行时 am / is / are doing 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 过去进行时 was / were doing 过去某刻正在进行 将来进行时 will be doing 将来某刻正在进行 现在完成时 have / has done 过去动作对现在的影响/结果 过去完成时 had done 过去的过去 将来完成时 will have done 将来某时之前已完成 现在完成进行时 have / has been doing 从过去持续到现在且可能继续 过去完成进行时 had been doing 从更早过去持续到过去某时 三、八大核心时态分项突破 （一）一般现在时 1. 概念与结构 表示经常性、习惯性动作，或客观事实、真理、现在的状态。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词加 -s/-es。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语——即使主句为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 例：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.（老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。） ② 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。（高考最高频考点之一） 例：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.（我一到北京就给你打电话。） 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting. ③ 表示按时间表、日程表将要发生的动作（常用于 arrive, leave, start, begin, go, come 等转移类动词）。 例：The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 3. 标志词 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week, once a month, on Mondays。 （二）一般过去时 1. 概念与结构 表示在过去某个特定时间发生并已结束的动作或存在的状态，常与明确的过去时间状语连用。动词用过去式（规则加 -ed，不规则需单独记忆）。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 与明确过去时间状语连用：yesterday, last week, in 2008, just now, at that time, ago。 例：He went to the library yesterday afternoon. ② 描述过去连续发生的一系列动作（叙事文体高频）。 例：He got up, washed his face, hurried to school without breakfast. 3. 易错提醒 一般过去时强调动作"已结束"，与现在无联系；现在完成时强调"对现在的影响"。这是高考最高频的辨析点，后文专门对比。 （三）一般将来时 1. 概念与结构 表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。高考常考四种"将来表达"的区别： 表3 五种将来表达结构对比 结构 用法 例句 will / shall do 临时决定、客观将来、意愿 I will be 18 next year. be going to do 计划打算、有迹象预示 Look at the clouds—it is going to rain. be doing（进行时表将来） 已安排好的近期动作（转移类动词） I'm leaving for Shanghai tonight. be to do 正式计划、命令、安排 The meeting is to be held on Monday. be about to do…when… 正要做某事这时突然……（固定句型） I was about to leave when the phone rang. （四）现在进行时 1. 概念与结构 am/is/are + doing，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在从事的动作。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 与always, constantly, continually, forever 连用，表示反复发生的动作，带有赞扬、厌烦、不满等感情色彩（短文改错高频）。 例：He is always helping others.（他老是帮助别人。——赞扬） 例：She is constantly complaining about her job.（她老是抱怨工作。——厌烦） ② go, come, leave, arrive, start, fly 等转移动词的进行时表"近期计划好的将来动作"。 例：We are flying to Hainan next week. 3. 不用进行时的动词 表示心理状态、情感、所有、感知的动词通常不用进行时：know, believe, love, like, hate, want, hope, wish, have（有）, own, belong, see, hear, find 等。 （五）过去进行时 1. 概念与结构 was/were + doing，表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 描述故事背景，常与一般过去时连用：长动作进行中，突然发生短动作打断它。 例：I was reading a book when the earthquake happened. 例：While mother was cooking, father was watching TV. 3. 标志词 at 8 o'clock last night, at that time/moment, at this time yesterday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句。 （六）现在完成时 —— 高考第一高频考点 1. 概念与结构 have/has + done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作/状态。 2. 两大核心用法 ① 已完成用法（影响性）：动作发生在过去，但结果与现在有关。 例：I have lost my key.（= 我现在仍没钥匙，进不了门。） ② 未完成用法（持续性）：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去。常与for, since, how long, so far, up to now, in/over the past/last few years 连用。 例：Great changes have taken place in China in the past 40 years. 例：She has lived in Yunnan since 2015. 3. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（高考最易混） 表4 一般过去时与现在完成时对比 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 时间范畴 纯过去，与现在切断 过去动作与现在相联系 时间状语 yesterday, last…, ago, in 2008 already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far 是否有明确过去时间点 必须有 不能与明确过去时间点连用 例句 He lived in London for 5 years.（现在已不住） He has lived in London for 5 years.（现在仍住） （七）过去完成时 —— "过去的过去" 1. 概念与结构 had + done，表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 宾语从句中，主句为过去时，从句动作先于主句动作。 例：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. ② 用于It was the first/second/third time that… 句型中，that 从句用过去完成时。 例：It was the third time that he had been late that week. ③ 用于Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when… / No sooner had sb. done sth. than…（一……就……）倒装句型。 例：Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. ④ 表示未实现的希望、愿望：had hoped / had wanted / had planned / had intended to do（本希望/本打算……但未实现）。 例：I had intended to help you, but I was too busy then. （八）现在完成进行时 1. 概念与结构 have/has been + doing，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能仍在进行，强调动作的持续性、连贯性和"不耐烦/显然"的感情色彩。 例：It has been raining for three hours.（雨一直下了三个小时。——暗示雨还在下或刚停，说话人有抱怨意味。） 例：She has been teaching English for 20 years. 2. 与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时强调"结果"，现在完成进行时强调"动作过程的持续性"。 例：I have read the book.（已读完。） I have been reading the book.（一直在读，可能还没读完。） 四、被动语态 （一）基本概念与结构 当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。基本结构为"be + 过去分词（done）"，be 动词随时态、人称和数变化。 表5 各时态被动语态结构表 时态 主动形式 被动形式（以 do 为例） 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 含情态动词 can/must do can/must be done 例：The bridge was built in 1990.（一般过去时被动） 例：The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.（现在进行时被动） 例：All the work has been finished.（现在完成时被动） （二）主动形式表被动意义（高考高频难点） 某些情况下，主动形式可以表示被动意义，这是短文改错和语法填空的高频易错点： ① 表示主语内在品质、属性的动词，用主动形式表被动：read, write, wash, sell, wear, open, lock, cut, clean, burn 等，常与 well, easily, badly, smoothly 等副词连用。 例：The book sells well.（这本书畅销。） 例：The cloth washes easily.（这种布容易洗。） 例：The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。） ② 表示"开始、结束、转向"的动词：begin, start, end, stop, close, turn。 例：The meeting began at 8 a.m. ③ 感官动词 + 形容词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel。 例：The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来美味。） ④ 某些作"需要"讲的动词：want, need, require, deserve 后接动名词主动形式，表被动意义（= 不定式的被动式）。 例：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（房间需要打扫。） ⑤ be worth doing（值得做）中，doing 主动形式表被动。 例：The film is worth seeing. （三）不能用被动语态的情况 ① 不及物动词（vi.）没有被动语态：happen, take place, occur, appear, disappear, rise, die, fall, remain, belong to, break out, come true, run out 等。 例：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（不能用 have been taken place） ② 表示状态的及物动词，通常不用于被动：have（有）, own, belong to, fit, suit, cost, lack 等。 ③ 宾语为反身代词、相互代词时，不用被动。 五、高考高频易错点辨析 表6 时态语态五大高频易错点 易错点 辨析要点 典型例句 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 有明确过去时间点用过去时；强调对现在影响、含 since/for/so far 用完成时 He wrote a book last year. / He has written 3 books so far. 过去完成时 vs 一般过去时 "过去的过去"用过去完成时；两个紧接过去动作用一般过去时 When I arrived, he had left. / He got up, and then left. be used to do / be used to doing / used to do 被用来做 / 习惯于做 / 过去常常做 Wood is used to make paper. / He is used to getting up early. / He used to smoke. will do / be going to do will 表临时决定/客观将来；be going to 表计划或有迹象 "The phone is ringing.""I will answer it." / Look dark—it's going to rain. 主动表被动 sell/wash/write well；need/want doing；be worth doing The book sells well. / The bike needs repairing. 1.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ______ (see) most of the guests before the party. 【2.On the last day of our week-long stay, we ______ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 3.It is five years since my elder brother ______ (go) to college. 4.Usually, nicely decorated eggs ______ (be) a symbol of new life. 5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ______ (reward) with success in the end. 6.（改错）Look at the time! I am terribly late. The meeting will be started in 5 minutes. 7.（改错）The book is worth read a second time. 8.—Have you handed in your project? —Yes. I ______ (hand) it in yesterday. 9.Hardly the ______ (old man) step out when he heard a shot behind him. 10.This is the first time that I ______ (visit) the Summer Palace. 1．We will have a picnic by the lake if it ________ tomorrow. A．rains B．doesn’t rain C．will rain D．won’t rain 2．I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A．has stayed B．had stayed C．stayed D．was staying 3．—I wonder when he ________ to my eighteenth birthday party. —When he ________, I will let you know immediately. A．comes; comes B．comes; will comes C．will come; comes D．will come; will come 4．Tom doesn’t tell me when he ______. I will call you as soon as he ______. A．will come; comes B．will come; will come C．comes; will come D．comes; comes 5．I ________ a novel when the telephone rang last night. A．read B．was reading C．am reading D．have read 6．My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A．went B．has gone to C．has been to D．will go to 7．The book you look forward to ________ already. A．arrive B．arriving C．was arrived D．has arrived 8．Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A．became B．has become C．was D．has been 9．—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A．goes to B．has gone to C．went to D．has been to 10．Samuel ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A．are walking B．is walking C．were walking D．was walking 11．If you _______ a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow. A．isn’t used B．didn’t use C．don’t use D．won’t use 12．—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere. —Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith. A．interviews B．interviewed C．is interviewing D．was interviewing 13．I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 14．— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A．am thinking B．was thinking C．thought D．have thought 15．—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A．read B．has read C．had read D．reads 16．Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A．had doubled B．have doubled C．will have doubled D．will double 17．My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A．has left B．is leaving C．leaves D．left 18．Look! The students ________ an English play about environmental protection on the school playground. A．perform B．performed C．are performing D．will perform 19．If you ________ early tomorrow morning, you will catch the first train to Nanjing. A．are leaving B．will leave C．left D．leave 20．—Mum, when can we ride around the countryside? —Not until the main road ________ next month. A．repairs B．will repair C．will be repaired D．is repaired 训练 一、单词拼写 1．Practice daily. Your efforts will be r_____. 2．The children were f________ by the magician’s tricks and couldn’t take their eyes off him. 3．Hundreds of people were t________ when the building fell down. 4．The old castle was r________ as a world heritage site. 5．The sports meeting was c_______________ because of the heavy rain. 6．This course is specially d________ for English beginners like you. 7．The new educational app is widely e________ in primary schools across the country. 8．The dove is often used to r_________ peace and friendship between different nations. 9．The human body is c__________ of a great number of different kinds of cells. 10．The young man felt extremely proud when he was a__________ to the position of chief engineer on the research vessel. 11．The opening ceremony of the sports meeting will be b________ live on the local TV station. 12．The coach was a________ of treating some players more favourably than others. 13．All of us were e__________ by the humorous story. 14．The flight was d_________ for two hours because of the heavy snowstorm. 15．Tu Youyou was a________ the Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of artemisinin. 16．After the new policy was carried out, the sales of this product s________ up within only three months. 17．She d________ the conversation from beginning to end, leaving no chance for others to speak. 18．We lost the game, and he b________ it on me. 19．We e________ serious problems and had to put an end to the project. 20．Hearing the bad news, the manager s________, looking rather bitter and upset. 21．Even when facing doubts from others, he s________ to his belief that hard work would finally pay off. 22．He p________ a slight change in her mood, and was curious about what had happened. 23．He o________ his academic success to his parents’ support and his own consistent efforts. 24．Last summer holiday, we r________ a small house near the lake so that we could enjoy the beautiful sunrise every morning. 25．Several students v________ to offer help to the elderly whenever they have spare time on weekends. 26．The single mother lost her job and s________ to bring up a family on very little money. 27．New college students have been u________ military training in recent weeks. 28．The terrible weather a________ for the delay of the sports meeting that hundreds of students had been looking forward to for months. 29．Those who o_________ obeying the new rule believe it will bring more trouble than benefits. 30．The photo r________ me of the wonderful trip we took last summer. 二、单项选择 31．In front of the classroom ________ a pine tree (松树). You ________ fail to look at it ________ noticing its green needle-like leaves. A．is lain; can’t; without B．lie; can; without C．lies; can’t; without D．is laid; can; with 32．— I’m afraid I can’t finish the report tonight. — Don’t worry. I ________ you with it after I ________ my own work. A．will help; will finish B．will be helping; finish C．will help; finish D．will be helping; will finish 33．— I wonder if it ________ tomorrow. — If it ________ tomorrow, we _________ at home instead of going shopping. A．rains, will rain, will stay B．will rain, rains, will stay C．will rain, will rain, stay D．rains, rains, stay 34．I am so tired. My roommate ________ loud music at midnight, so I can’t fall asleep. A．always B．is always playing C．has always played D．had always played 35．Professor Black, along with his assistants, ________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline these days. A．is working B．are working C．work D．works 36．— You ________ me crazy. Turn off the TV, Suzy. — Regis, I think you ________ a walk in the garden. A．are driving; need B．drove; needed C．drive; are needing D．have driven; are needed 37．— Have you ever been to Shanghai? — Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked 38．— Excuse me, but you’re not allowed to use flash here. The paintings are very sensitive to light. — Oh, I’m so sorry. ______ the sign on the wall. A．I’m not noticing B．I hadn’t noticed C．I haven’t noticed D．I didn’t notice 39．Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she _______ a medical examination. A．be; should have B．was; have C．should be; had D．was; has 40．When I squeezed into the over-crowded counseling room the other day, the therapist ________ with a frustrated student, and statistics show she ________ countless youngsters out of severe mental pressure up to now. A．talked; helped B．was talking; has helped C．was talking; helped D．talked; has helped 41．By the time we arrived at the library, all the related books ________ away, and the librarian ________ them to another reading room. A．had taken; moved B．had been taken; was moving C．were taken; moves D．have been taken; will move 42．—Did you notice that guy almost hit a kid on a bicycle? —No, I ________ the other way. A．was looking B．looked C．have looked D．am looking 43．We will ________ the school sports meeting next week. A．join B．join in C．take part in D．sign up 44．How time flies! I ________ a senior high school in September in 2027. A．enter B．entered C．will enter D．have entered 45．Mom, do you know when the supermarket _______ tomorrow? A．opened B．open C．will open D．has opened 46．—You promised that you ________ me to Disneyland, Dad. —Well, I did, dear. But we have to change the plan. A．will take B．would take C．had taken 47．In a room above the store, where a party _______, some workers were busily setting the table. A．will be held B．has been held C．was to be held D．is being held 48．The weather forecast said that a severe storm ________ the coast the next day. A．will hit B．was hitting C．would hit D．hit 49．—Shall I ring you up at 7 tomorrow evening? —Sorry, I ______ a report on cross‑culture communication then. A．will be writing B．write C．wrote D．had written 50．This time next Friday, we ________ in the famous science museum. A．will visit B．will be visiting C．are visiting D．visited 51．At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, I ________ a public lecture. A．will give B．will be giving C．gave D．had given 52．China’s Jingdezhen Handicraft Porcelain Industry Sites reveal the profound impact that China’s porcelain production ________ on the global ceramics industry through centuries. A．has B．had C．has had D．had had 53．Hello! This is Kidd. I’m phoning to postpone the appointment I ________ with Prof. Tony for a face-to-face consultation until next Monday. A．will be making B．had made C．have made D．would make 54．He is one of the volunteer teachers who ________ in the remote mountain schools since 2022, and he is the only one of them who ________ awarded the provincial honour so far. A．has worked; have been B．has worked; has been C．have worked; have been D．have worked; has been 55．I ________ the report before the meeting, but my computer crashed and I lost the data. A．intended to finish B．had intended to finish C．intend to have finished D．was to intend to finish 56．By the end of last term, we ______ more than ten articles about different cultures. A．read B．have read C．had read D．would read 57．He said that he ______ much knowledge about body‑language customs before he went abroad. A．gained B．has gained C．had gained D．would gain 58．I ________ English for a long time, and along the way I’ve encountered obstacles, especially when it comes to ________ resources for students. A．has taught; creating B．have been teaching; creating C．have been teaching; create D．have taught; create 59．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau _________ people’s admiration for centuries. A．attracts B．is being attracted C．attracted D．has been attracting 60．Many a Chinese content creator and blogger ________ Hanfu overseas, organizing activities to introduce the stories behind the clothing. A．have been actively promoting B．has been actively promoting C．have been actively promoted D．has been actively promoted 61．By the time you get back, we ________ the whole project. A．will complete B．will be completing C．will have completed D．have completed 62．By the end of this year, we__________ this challenging project successfully. A．will complete B．will have completed C．have completed D．have been completing 63．By the time summer vacation starts, she ________ all her exams. A．finishes B．had finished C．will finish D．will have finished 64．I knew I couldn’t disturb her at 9:00 last night, because she _________ for her exam. A．had studied B．would study C．studied D．had been studying 65．The factory’s output ________ steadily before the supply chain crisis broke out. A．rises B．rose C．has been rising D．had been rising 66．She was exhausted. She ________ housework the whole afternoon before her relatives came. A．did B．was doing C．had been doing D．has done 67．When the young soldiers reach the top of the hill, they __________ for more than an hour. A．have been walking B．will have been walking C．have walked D．will be walking 68．He____ English for six years by the time he takes his exams. A．had been studying B．was studying C．will have been studying D．has been studying 69．— He speaks Chinese very well. — It’s not surprising. He _________in Beijing for nine years next week. A．has been living B．has lived C．will have been lived D．will have been living 70．—Why couldn’t you enter the lab? —Because it ________. A．was being cleaned B．had cleaned C．is cleaned D．has been cleaned 71．The research team, which had spent two years collecting data from rural schools, ________ in a national project ________ at improving education in poor areas. A．was involved; aimed B．were involving; was aimed C．involved; was aimed D．had been involved; aimed 72．Before the party started, all the food ________. A．prepared B．was preparing C．had been prepared D．was being prepared 73．Numerous landmark discoveries ________ in deep-space exploration ever since the very first unmanned lunar probe ________ into circum-lunar orbit half a century ago. A．have achieved; sent B．were achieved; was sent C．have been achieved; was sent D．had been achieved; sent 74．He said that all his mistakes ________ already. A．corrected B．were corrected C．had been corrected D．was being corrected 75．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 76．________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time? A．When do you suppose women were allowed B．When do you suppose women allowed C．When do you suppose were women allowed D．Do you suppose when women were allowed 77．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally________. A．respects B．respecting C．respect D．respected 78．Concerns around privacy and surveillance (监管) ________ because users’ ability to control their personal data and online activities ________ unclear. A．raised; remained B．are raised; have remained C．were raised; remained D．have been raised; is remained 79．In the past few years, great changes ________ in my hometown. A．have taken place B．took place C．have been taken place D．were taken place 80．Great changes________in my hometown in the past few years. A．took place B．were take place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 81．The sales manager reported that the new product ________ well in the first quarter. A．sold B．was sold C．has sold D．had sold 82．The tickets for The Wandering Earth ________ well, and they will ________ soon. A．are sold; sell out B．are sold; sold out C．sell; be sold out D．sell; sold out 83．It is the man ________ stealing the money who ________ for the whole incident. A．suspected of; is to blame B．suspected of; is to be blamed C．having suspected of; is to blame D．being suspected of; is to be blamed 84．The book ________ well and it has been reprinted many times these years. A．is sold B．sells C．sold D．is being sold 85．A new smart study lamp which reduces blue light ________ very well among students nowadays. A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold 一、阅读理解 A Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective. A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school. The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently-sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls. Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim. These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs. The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony (证词) of others rather than personal experience. So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do. 1．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The conclusion of the study. B．The methodology of the study. C．The significance of the study. D．The theoretical basis of the study. 2．Which child’s response matches the empirical stance? A．Taylor believes whatever the teacher says. B．Jordan trusts her own feelings about the topic. C．Emma thinks the watermelon sweet and tastes it. D．Maya suspects what the story says about monsters. 3．What lesson could adults learn from children? A．Rejecting complex concepts. B．Never trusting anyone. C．Counting on others’ testimony. D．Learning from their own experience. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To advocate an evidence-based approach across all ages. B．To persuade adults to correct children’s wrong worldview. C．To highlight adults’ role in children’s education and growth. D．To introduce a new method for testing children’s beliefs. B In our human-centric view, the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd, but you know what’s really odd? Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only orcas (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new, landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list. The discovery comes as the result of 21 years’ worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It’s really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place,” says Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist who was not part of the new study. But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise: the resource-rich, well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards, their main predator. And because the Ngogo community is found in the heart of the park, its only neighbors are other chimps — not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions. And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine. 5．What can be learned about menopause? A．It is rare among animals. B．It is unique to human beings. C．It is limited to the age of 50. D．It is linked to living environments. 6．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Scientists have solved the menopause puzzle. B．Ngogo females’ condition remains a mystery. C．Chimpanzee menopause is still in question. D．The finding offers new insight into animal menopause. 7．Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community? A．To argue the finding is groundless. B．To point out a possible study limitation. C．To prove the Ngogo chimps are ideal subjects. D．To stress the need to protect chimps from viruses. 8．How is the last paragraph developed? A．By drawing a firm conclusion. B．By listing several research examples. C．By comparing different animal behaviors. D．By analyzing a concept with supporting facts. C The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazybones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, In the twenty-five years that followed, I worked as a professional journalist. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 9．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B．His mother’s miserable death. C．Being exposed to Greek literary works. D．Following the prettiest girl in his class. 10．Which words best describe Miss Hurd as a teacher? A．Strict but inspiring. B．Tough but indifferent. C．Impatient but caring. D．Serious but approachable. 11．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired. B．Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation. C．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students. D．Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style. 12．Why does the author call Miss Hurd a “catalyst”? A．To stress her role in starting his writing career. B．To suggest she changed his personality completely. C．To indicate she was the only person who helped him. D．To show she was as powerful as a chemical substance. D In a groundbreaking development for artificial intelligence, researchers at VUB’s Data Analytics Lab have demonstrated that commercial language models can contribute to original mathematical discoveries. Their study reveals that OpenAI’s ChatGPT-5.2 (‘Thinking’) played a pivotal role in proving a complex 2024 conjecture proposed by mathematicians Ran and Teng, a problem that had previously remained unsolved. The research team engaged in seven distinct chat sessions with the AI, repeating through four different versions of the argument. While the human researchers provided the necessary oversight to ensure logical completeness, ChatGPT was responsible for developing the core structure of the proof. This collaborative process, which the team terms “vibe-proving”, mirrors the concept of “vibe-coding” used in software development, where AI assists in organizing and exploring complex theoretical landscapes. Brecht Verbeken, a postdoctoral researcher involved in the project, was astonished by how quickly the AI produced a usable proof structure. “I had long suspected that ChatGPT could help me prove unsolved mathematical problems, and yet the real-world performance far exceeded my expectations,” he stated. The findings challenge the prevailing misconception that AI creativity is merely a recombination of existing training data. Instead, this work suggests that commercially available models possess the capacity for genuine theoretical innovation. However, the study also highlights a critical bottleneck in this new methodology. Despite the AI’s ability to generate candidate proofs rapidly, the researchers emphasize that human experts remain essential to verify (验证) the arguments and resolve any remaining gaps. Andres Algaba, a professor at the lab, notes that while formulating proofs is now faster, the final review stage is time-consuming. Nevertheless, the team remains optimistic that language models will eventually assist in this verification stage as well. This experiment marks a significant shift in how we perceive AI’s role in theoretical research. It moves beyond simple assistance in coding or writing, suggesting a future where AI acts as a collaborative partner in the precise and creative process of mathematical discovery. 13．What can be concluded about “vibe-proving”? A．It requires no human intervention. B．It is inspired by software development. C．It is slower than traditional methods. D．It is used for simple theoretical tasks. 14．How did Brecht Verbeken react to the research outcome? A．With doubt about its reliability. B．With surprise at its efficiency. C．With praise for its creativity. D．With concern over its speed. 15．Which aspect of the new methodology is regarded as the biggest challenge? A．The human verification process. B．The cost of the software. C．The lack of well-trained AI tools. D．The speed of the computer. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．The replacement of human mathematicians by AI. B．A new method for rapid computer code generation. C．The limitations of commercial AI models in science. D．AI’s role in original mathematical discovery research. 二、完形填空 At age 5, I always sat with my dad in his study every night. When he came home from the office, I’d watch as he 17 away his personal items: his watch, wallet, and comb (梳子). They would always take up the same spot on the table as if he could see the imaginary lines drawn 18 for these things, not a centimeter more or less. What brought 19 to me then was cleaning the comb for him. I would turn on the tap excitedly and 20 it as hard as I could. I was 21 that I’d done a good job, and I would proudly return the comb to Dad, who rewarded me with a bright smile. Two years later, Dad 22 his sales job and started his own business, but it was not going well and started shaking our steady (稳定的) life. He always came home very late and 23 the usual evening staying with me. Why did he 24 his old job? Why did he take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years I refused to wait for him to come home. Today, everything is better, yet the 25 silence between us remained until two days ago. I was about to 26 after carrying his bag into his study when he asked, “Hey, would you like to clean my comb?” After a long 27 , I said yes. Later, with the comb clean, Dad 28 placed it on top of his wallet and smiled as usual. I 29 that he had wrinkles (皱纹) as he smiled, yet his smile was still 30 , the smile of a father who wanted a good 31 for his family. 17．A．threw B．gave C．passed D．put 18．A．suddenly B．immediately C．specifically D．creatively 19．A．puzzle B．trouble C．confusion D．joy 20．A．broke B．played C．brushed D．held 21．A．satisfied B．worried C．tired D．surprised 22．A．found B．reserved C．disliked D．quit 23．A．wasted B．missed C．enjoyed D．kept 24．A．give up B．refer to C．finish off D．search for 25．A．unique B．enjoyable C．responsible D．awkward 26．A．leave B．stay C．talk D．ask 27．A．sleep B．schedule C．while D．discussion 28．A．quickly B．carefully C．officially D．naturally 29．A．believed B．heard C．doubted D．noticed 30．A．young B．obvious C．cheerful D．strange 31．A．lesson B．life C．right D．reason 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In mid-October 2025, a special tour titled “Discovering Shanxi’s Ancient Chinese Architecture” 32 (bring) overseas researchers, bloggers, international students and reporters to Shanxi, 33 province known as the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Supported by related departments and co-hosted by Shanxi Daily and China Daily’s business development department, the group carried out an 34 (explore) of Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Linfen and Yuncheng, experiencing the province’s thousand-year charm through cameras and words. Shanxi has over 28,000 ancient buildings, accounting 35 10.6% of the national total. The journey began at Taiyuan’s Jinci Museum, 36 French blogger Mathieu Mylene felt like “traveling back 1,000 years”. In Jinzhong, the visitors explored Pingyao Ancient City and Rishengchang, China’s first bank. They 37 (stun) by the ancient wisdom. In Linfen, the Taosi Relics Site presented a 4,000-year-old city and the world’s earliest observatory (天文台), a “civilizational wonder” in the eyes of a Pakistani student. The final stop was Yuncheng, home to the Haizhou Guandi Temple and Yongle Palace with its 38 (strike) 700-year-old murals (壁画). Overseas visitors were deeply impressed by Shanxi’s culture. Nigerian blogger Oluwabunmi-Henry Jimoh planned 39 (share) Guan Gong’s spirit in Nigeria, while Irish blogger Luke O’Farrell gained a deeper understanding of Chinese cultural roots. Through this tour, Shanxi’s 40 (abundance) heritage crossed borders, letting the world 41 (true) understand and appreciate this ancient land. 四、应用文写作 42． 假定你是李华，你校英语报正在征稿，主题为：学习力（learning power）赋能高三英语学习。 图1展示了学习力六要素结构组成，请从中选出你认为最重要的一项要素，写一篇英文短文投稿，内容包括： （1）解释该要素为何对高三英语学习至关重要； （2）提出培养该要素的两点具体建议或做法。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Editor, I’d like to share my understanding on English learning power. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 动词时态与语态 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 知识点一 动词的时态 知识点二 被动语态 练|巩固提升训练 一、考点导航：时态与语态在考什么 动词的时态与语态是高考英语语法填空、短文改错和写作中的必考点，每年语法填空必考 1—2 题，且经常与主谓一致、非谓语动词结合考查。下表梳理全国卷近五年高频考点分布，便于复习时抓大放小。 表1 时态与语态高考考点频率一览 考点 考查频率 常见题型 复习优先级 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 ★★★★★ 语法填空、完形 最高 过去完成时（过去的过去） ★★★★★ 语法填空、阅读长难句 最高 现在进行时表将来/反复 ★★★★ 语法填空、写作 高 被动语态（各时态被动） ★★★★★ 语法填空、短文改错 最高 一般现在时表客观/计划 ★★★★ 语法填空、写作 高 过去进行时（背景动作） ★★★ 完形、阅读 中 现在完成进行时 ★★★ 语法填空、写作 中 主动形式表被动意义 ★★★★ 短文改错、语法填空 高 二、动词时态总论 英语时态由"时间"（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和"体态"（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）两个维度组合而成，共 16 种。高考高频考查其中 8—10 种。理解时态的关键不是死记结构，而是抓住动作发生的"时间坐标"和"体态特征"（是否完成、是否进行）。 表2 高考常见时态结构与意义一览表 时态 基本结构（以 do 为例） 核心时间意义 一般现在时 do / does 经常性、客观性、真理性 一般过去时 did 过去某时发生并结束 一般将来时 will / shall do 将来要发生 现在进行时 am / is / are doing 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行 过去进行时 was / were doing 过去某刻正在进行 将来进行时 will be doing 将来某刻正在进行 现在完成时 have / has done 过去动作对现在的影响/结果 过去完成时 had done 过去的过去 将来完成时 will have done 将来某时之前已完成 现在完成进行时 have / has been doing 从过去持续到现在且可能继续 过去完成进行时 had been doing 从更早过去持续到过去某时 三、八大核心时态分项突破 （一）一般现在时 1. 概念与结构 表示经常性、习惯性动作，或客观事实、真理、现在的状态。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词加 -s/-es。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语——即使主句为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 例：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.（老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。） ② 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。（高考最高频考点之一） 例：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.（我一到北京就给你打电话。） 例：If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting. ③ 表示按时间表、日程表将要发生的动作（常用于 arrive, leave, start, begin, go, come 等转移类动词）。 例：The train leaves at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 3. 标志词 always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week, once a month, on Mondays。 （二）一般过去时 1. 概念与结构 表示在过去某个特定时间发生并已结束的动作或存在的状态，常与明确的过去时间状语连用。动词用过去式（规则加 -ed，不规则需单独记忆）。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 与明确过去时间状语连用：yesterday, last week, in 2008, just now, at that time, ago。 例：He went to the library yesterday afternoon. ② 描述过去连续发生的一系列动作（叙事文体高频）。 例：He got up, washed his face, hurried to school without breakfast. 3. 易错提醒 一般过去时强调动作"已结束"，与现在无联系；现在完成时强调"对现在的影响"。这是高考最高频的辨析点，后文专门对比。 （三）一般将来时 1. 概念与结构 表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。高考常考四种"将来表达"的区别： 表3 五种将来表达结构对比 结构 用法 例句 will / shall do 临时决定、客观将来、意愿 I will be 18 next year. be going to do 计划打算、有迹象预示 Look at the clouds—it is going to rain. be doing（进行时表将来） 已安排好的近期动作（转移类动词） I'm leaving for Shanghai tonight. be to do 正式计划、命令、安排 The meeting is to be held on Monday. be about to do…when… 正要做某事这时突然……（固定句型） I was about to leave when the phone rang. （四）现在进行时 1. 概念与结构 am/is/are + doing，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在从事的动作。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 与always, constantly, continually, forever 连用，表示反复发生的动作，带有赞扬、厌烦、不满等感情色彩（短文改错高频）。 例：He is always helping others.（他老是帮助别人。——赞扬） 例：She is constantly complaining about her job.（她老是抱怨工作。——厌烦） ② go, come, leave, arrive, start, fly 等转移动词的进行时表"近期计划好的将来动作"。 例：We are flying to Hainan next week. 3. 不用进行时的动词 表示心理状态、情感、所有、感知的动词通常不用进行时：know, believe, love, like, hate, want, hope, wish, have（有）, own, belong, see, hear, find 等。 （五）过去进行时 1. 概念与结构 was/were + doing，表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 描述故事背景，常与一般过去时连用：长动作进行中，突然发生短动作打断它。 例：I was reading a book when the earthquake happened. 例：While mother was cooking, father was watching TV. 3. 标志词 at 8 o'clock last night, at that time/moment, at this time yesterday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句。 （六）现在完成时 —— 高考第一高频考点 1. 概念与结构 have/has + done，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去持续到现在的动作/状态。 2. 两大核心用法 ① 已完成用法（影响性）：动作发生在过去，但结果与现在有关。 例：I have lost my key.（= 我现在仍没钥匙，进不了门。） ② 未完成用法（持续性）：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去。常与for, since, how long, so far, up to now, in/over the past/last few years 连用。 例：Great changes have taken place in China in the past 40 years. 例：She has lived in Yunnan since 2015. 3. 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时（高考最易混） 表4 一般过去时与现在完成时对比 对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 时间范畴 纯过去，与现在切断 过去动作与现在相联系 时间状语 yesterday, last…, ago, in 2008 already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, so far 是否有明确过去时间点 必须有 不能与明确过去时间点连用 例句 He lived in London for 5 years.（现在已不住） He has lived in London for 5 years.（现在仍住） （七）过去完成时 —— "过去的过去" 1. 概念与结构 had + done，表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"。 2. 高考高频用法 ① 宾语从句中，主句为过去时，从句动作先于主句动作。 例：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. ② 用于It was the first/second/third time that… 句型中，that 从句用过去完成时。 例：It was the third time that he had been late that week. ③ 用于Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when… / No sooner had sb. done sth. than…（一……就……）倒装句型。 例：Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down. ④ 表示未实现的希望、愿望：had hoped / had wanted / had planned / had intended to do（本希望/本打算……但未实现）。 例：I had intended to help you, but I was too busy then. （八）现在完成进行时 1. 概念与结构 have/has been + doing，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能仍在进行，强调动作的持续性、连贯性和"不耐烦/显然"的感情色彩。 例：It has been raining for three hours.（雨一直下了三个小时。——暗示雨还在下或刚停，说话人有抱怨意味。） 例：She has been teaching English for 20 years. 2. 与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时强调"结果"，现在完成进行时强调"动作过程的持续性"。 例：I have read the book.（已读完。） I have been reading the book.（一直在读，可能还没读完。） 四、被动语态 （一）基本概念与结构 当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。基本结构为"be + 过去分词（done）"，be 动词随时态、人称和数变化。 表5 各时态被动语态结构表 时态 主动形式 被动形式（以 do 为例） 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时 did was/were done 一般将来时 will do will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 含情态动词 can/must do can/must be done 例：The bridge was built in 1990.（一般过去时被动） 例：The problem is being discussed at the meeting now.（现在进行时被动） 例：All the work has been finished.（现在完成时被动） （二）主动形式表被动意义（高考高频难点） 某些情况下，主动形式可以表示被动意义，这是短文改错和语法填空的高频易错点： ① 表示主语内在品质、属性的动词，用主动形式表被动：read, write, wash, sell, wear, open, lock, cut, clean, burn 等，常与 well, easily, badly, smoothly 等副词连用。 例：The book sells well.（这本书畅销。） 例：The cloth washes easily.（这种布容易洗。） 例：The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。） ② 表示"开始、结束、转向"的动词：begin, start, end, stop, close, turn。 例：The meeting began at 8 a.m. ③ 感官动词 + 形容词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel。 例：The food tastes delicious.（食物尝起来美味。） ④ 某些作"需要"讲的动词：want, need, require, deserve 后接动名词主动形式，表被动意义（= 不定式的被动式）。 例：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（房间需要打扫。） ⑤ be worth doing（值得做）中，doing 主动形式表被动。 例：The film is worth seeing. （三）不能用被动语态的情况 ① 不及物动词（vi.）没有被动语态：happen, take place, occur, appear, disappear, rise, die, fall, remain, belong to, break out, come true, run out 等。 例：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（不能用 have been taken place） ② 表示状态的及物动词，通常不用于被动：have（有）, own, belong to, fit, suit, cost, lack 等。 ③ 宾语为反身代词、相互代词时，不用被动。 五、高考高频易错点辨析 表6 时态语态五大高频易错点 易错点 辨析要点 典型例句 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时 有明确过去时间点用过去时；强调对现在影响、含 since/for/so far 用完成时 He wrote a book last year. / He has written 3 books so far. 过去完成时 vs 一般过去时 "过去的过去"用过去完成时；两个紧接过去动作用一般过去时 When I arrived, he had left. / He got up, and then left. be used to do / be used to doing / used to do 被用来做 / 习惯于做 / 过去常常做 Wood is used to make paper. / He is used to getting up early. / He used to smoke. will do / be going to do will 表临时决定/客观将来；be going to 表计划或有迹象 "The phone is ringing.""I will answer it." / Look dark—it's going to rain. 主动表被动 sell/wash/write well；need/want doing；be worth doing The book sells well. / The bike needs repairing. 1.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ______ (see) most of the guests before the party. 【答案】had seen 【解析】宾语从句动作 see 发生在主句动作 had 之前，即"过去的过去"，用过去完成时 had seen。 2.On the last day of our week-long stay, we ______ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 【答案】were invited 【解析】we 与 invite 之间是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动 were invited。 3.It is five years since my elder brother ______ (go) to college. 【答案】went 【解析】It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时，固定句型，since 从句用一般过去时。 4.Usually, nicely decorated eggs ______ (be) a symbol of new life. 【答案】are 【解析】描述客观事实、惯例，用一般现在时；主语 eggs 为复数，故用 are。 5.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ______ (reward) with success in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded 【解析】由 in the end 可知用将来时；efforts 与 reward 是被动关系，故用一般将来时被动 will be rewarded。 6.（改错）Look at the time! I am terribly late. The meeting will be started in 5 minutes. 【答案】will be started → will start 【解析】start 为不及物动词，不用于被动语态，直接用主动 will start。 7.（改错）The book is worth read a second time. 【答案】read → reading 【解析】be worth doing 为固定结构，动名词主动形式表被动意义，用 reading。 8.—Have you handed in your project? —Yes. I ______ (hand) it in yesterday. 【答案】handed 【解析】有明确过去时间状语 yesterday，用一般过去时，不用现在完成时。 9.Hardly the ______ (old man) step out when he heard a shot behind him. 【答案】had the old man stepped 【解析】Hardly…when… 句型中，Hardly 置于句首主句用过去完成时并部分倒装：had + 主语 + 过去分词。 10.This is the first time that I ______ (visit) the Summer Palace. 【答案】have visited 【解析】It/This is the first time that… 句型中，that 从句用现在完成时；若将 is 改为 was，则从句用过去完成时。 1．We will have a picnic by the lake if it ________ tomorrow. A．rains B．doesn’t rain C．will rain D．won’t rain 2．I went to Hainan last year, and I ________ there for three months. A．has stayed B．had stayed C．stayed D．was staying 3．—I wonder when he ________ to my eighteenth birthday party. —When he ________, I will let you know immediately. A．comes; comes B．comes; will comes C．will come; comes D．will come; will come 4．Tom doesn’t tell me when he ______. I will call you as soon as he ______. A．will come; comes B．will come; will come C．comes; will come D．comes; comes 5．I ________ a novel when the telephone rang last night. A．read B．was reading C．am reading D．have read 6．My aunt isn’t here. She ________ Beijing on business. She will be back in three days. A．went B．has gone to C．has been to D．will go to 7．The book you look forward to ________ already. A．arrive B．arriving C．was arrived D．has arrived 8．Alice _________ a teacher since she graduated from college. A．became B．has become C．was D．has been 9．—Excuse me.Where’s Mr Hu? —Oh,he _______ the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon. A．goes to B．has gone to C．went to D．has been to 10．Samuel ________ in the park when they saw the poor man. A．are walking B．is walking C．were walking D．was walking 11．If you _______ a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow. A．isn’t used B．didn’t use C．don’t use D．won’t use 12．—Did you see Linda? I didn’t find her anywhere. —Look! She is at the playground. She ________ our head teacher Mr. Smith. A．interviews B．interviewed C．is interviewing D．was interviewing 13．I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 14．— Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried. — Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ________ of my coming exams. A．am thinking B．was thinking C．thought D．have thought 15．—Have you read this novel? —Yes, I ________ it several days ago. A．read B．has read C．had read D．reads 16．Great changes ________ in China since the Open Door Policy was carried out. A．had doubled B．have doubled C．will have doubled D．will double 17．My brother has worked as a doctor since he ________ university. A．has left B．is leaving C．leaves D．left 18．Look! The students ________ an English play about environmental protection on the school playground. A．perform B．performed C．are performing D．will perform 19．If you ________ early tomorrow morning, you will catch the first train to Nanjing. A．are leaving B．will leave C．left D．leave 20．—Mum, when can we ride around the countryside? —Not until the main road ________ next month. A．repairs B．will repair C．will be repaired D．is repaired 答案与解析： 1．B 【解析】句意：如果明天不下雨，我们将在湖边野餐。 考查条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则。rains下雨，一般现在时态；doesn’t rain不下雨，一般现在时态；will rain将会下雨，一般将来时态；won’t rain不会下雨，一般将来时态。根据“We will have a picnic by the lake if it...tomorrow.”可知，此处表示去野餐的条件是不下雨，因此从句用否定形式，排除AC选项，且if引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。故选B。 2．C 【解析】句意：我去年去了海南，并且在那里待了三个月。 考查一般过去时。根据“I went to Hainan last year, and I…there for three months.”可知，句子为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；后半部分描述过去持续的状态，应用一般过去时。故选C。 3．C 【解析】句意：——我想知道他什么时候会来参加我的十八岁生日聚会。——当他来的时候，我会立刻让你知道。 考查动词时态。根据“I wonder when he…to my eighteenth birthday party.”可知，此处是when引导的宾语从句，根据实际情况该用什么时态就用什么时态，“eighteenth birthday party”表示的是将来的动作，故应用一般将来时will come；根据“When he…, I will let you know immediately.”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应用一般现在时表将来，主语he是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用comes。故选C。 4．A 【解析】句意：汤姆没有告诉我他什么时候来。他一来我就会给你打电话。 考查宾语从句和时间状语从句的时态。根据“Tom doesn’t tell me when he ...”可知，第一空是宾语从句，主句为一般现在时；从句表示“他将什么时候来”，用一般将来时will come。根据“I will can you as soon as he ...”可知，第二个空是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时comes。故选A。 5．B 【解析】句意：昨晚电话响时，我正在读小说。 考查时态。when引导的从句时态为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示从句动作发生时，主句动作正在进行。主语是I，be动词用was。故选B。 6．B 【解析】句意：我的阿姨不在这里。她已经去北京出差了。她将在三天后回来。 考查动词的时态。went去，过去式；has gone to已经去了某地（未回）；has been to曾经去过某地（已回）；will go to将去。根据“My aunt isn’t here. She...Beijing on business. She will be back in three days.”可知，她目前不在且未返回，此处应用现在完成时中的has gone to。故选B。 7．D 【解析】句意：你期待的那本书已经到达了。 考查动词语态和时态。句中already表示“已经”，常与现在完成时连用；主语“The book”是单数，用“has”；arrive为不及物动词，无被动语态。故选D。 8．D 【解析】句意：自从爱丽丝大学毕业以来，她一直是一名教师。 考查现在完成时。根据“since”可知，主句用现在完成时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，谓语应用延续性动词，D项符合。故选D。 9．B 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，胡先生在哪里？——哦，他去食堂吃午饭了，很快就会回来。 考查现在完成时的用法。goes to一般现在时，表示习惯性动作；has gone to现在完成时，表示去了，但还未回来，强调对现在的影响；went to一般过去时，仅表示过去的动作，不强调对现在的影响；has been to现在完成时，去过某地（已返回）。根据“Where’s Mr Hu...he...the canteen for lunch. He’ll be back soon”可知胡先生去食堂的动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响（目前人不在场），需用现在完成时“has gone to”（表示已去某地且未返回）。故选B。 10．D 【解析】句意：当他们看到那个可怜的人时，Samuel正在公园里散步。 考查时态。are walking现在进行时，主语是复数；is walking现在进行时，主语是单数；were walking过去进行时，主语是复数；was walking过去进行时，主语是单数。当when引导的时间状语从句表示过去某个时间点时，主句用过去进行时，表示该时间点正在进行的动作。主语Samuel是第三人称单数，因此需用was walking。故选D。 11．C 【解析】句意：如果你不使用闪光灯，明天你可能被允许在博物馆里拍一些照片。 考查if 引导的条件状语从句。根据“If you...a flash, you may be allowed to take some photos in the museum tomorrow.”可知，此句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句主语为you，否定句需借助助动词don’t，后接动词原形use，即don’t use。故选C。 12．C 【解析】句意：——你看到琳达了吗？我哪儿都没找到她。——看！她在操场。她正在采访我们的班主任史密斯先生。 考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知，动作正在进行，应用现在进行时（is interviewing）。故选C。 13．A 【解析】句意：当我的朋友给我打电话时，我正在做作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；once一旦；while当……时；since自从。句中“called”为非延续性动词，且主句“was doing”是过去进行时，从句是一般过去时，符合“when”的用法，表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，故选A。 14．B 【解析】句意：——鲍勃，有什么问题吗？你看起来很担心。——哦，没什么。事实上，我刚刚在考虑即将到来的考试。 考查时态。am thinking现在进行时；was thinking过去进行时；thought过去式或过去分词；have thought现在完成时。根据“Is there anything wrong, Bob? You looked worried.”以及选项可知，此处应用过去进行时，表示对话发生之前刚刚还在进行的动作。故选B。 15．A 【解析】句意：——你读过这本小说吗？——是的，我几天前就读过了。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“several days ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。read的过去式就是read。故选A。 16．B 【解析】句意：自开放政策实施以来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 考查动词时态。had doubled过去完成时；have doubled现在完成时；will have doubled将来完成时；will double一般将来时。根据“since the Open Door Policy was carried out”以及选项可知，应用现在完成时，表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作。故选B。 17．D 【解析】句意：我哥哥自从大学毕业以来就一直当医生。 考查时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 18．C 【解析】句意：看！学生们正在学校操场上表演一出关于环境保护的英语话剧。 考查动词时态辨析。perform一般现在时；performed一般过去时；are performing现在进行时；will perform一般将来时。根据“Look!”可知，这里需要用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，are performing符合语境。故选C。 19．D 【解析】句意：如果你明天早上早点离开，你会赶上第一趟去南京的火车。 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“you will catch”为一般将来时，条件从句需用一般现在时表示将来。故选D。 20．D 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我们什么时候可以骑车去乡下？——要等到下个月主干道被修好。 考查被动语态和动词时态。repair“修理”，not until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，因此排除选项B和C；主语“the main road”与谓语repair之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选D。 训练 一、单词拼写 1．Practice daily. Your efforts will be r_____. 2．The children were f________ by the magician’s tricks and couldn’t take their eyes off him. 3．Hundreds of people were t________ when the building fell down. 4．The old castle was r________ as a world heritage site. 5．The sports meeting was c_______________ because of the heavy rain. 6．This course is specially d________ for English beginners like you. 7．The new educational app is widely e________ in primary schools across the country. 8．The dove is often used to r_________ peace and friendship between different nations. 9．The human body is c__________ of a great number of different kinds of cells. 10．The young man felt extremely proud when he was a__________ to the position of chief engineer on the research vessel. 11．The opening ceremony of the sports meeting will be b________ live on the local TV station. 12．The coach was a________ of treating some players more favourably than others. 13．All of us were e__________ by the humorous story. 14．The flight was d_________ for two hours because of the heavy snowstorm. 15．Tu Youyou was a________ the Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of artemisinin. 16．After the new policy was carried out, the sales of this product s________ up within only three months. 17．She d________ the conversation from beginning to end, leaving no chance for others to speak. 18．We lost the game, and he b________ it on me. 19．We e________ serious problems and had to put an end to the project. 20．Hearing the bad news, the manager s________, looking rather bitter and upset. 21．Even when facing doubts from others, he s________ to his belief that hard work would finally pay off. 22．He p________ a slight change in her mood, and was curious about what had happened. 23．He o________ his academic success to his parents’ support and his own consistent efforts. 24．Last summer holiday, we r________ a small house near the lake so that we could enjoy the beautiful sunrise every morning. 25．Several students v________ to offer help to the elderly whenever they have spare time on weekends. 26．The single mother lost her job and s________ to bring up a family on very little money. 27．New college students have been u________ military training in recent weeks. 28．The terrible weather a________ for the delay of the sports meeting that hundreds of students had been looking forward to for months. 29．Those who o_________ obeying the new rule believe it will bring more trouble than benefits. 30．The photo r________ me of the wonderful trip we took last summer. 二、单项选择 31．In front of the classroom ________ a pine tree (松树). You ________ fail to look at it ________ noticing its green needle-like leaves. A．is lain; can’t; without B．lie; can; without C．lies; can’t; without D．is laid; can; with 32．— I’m afraid I can’t finish the report tonight. — Don’t worry. I ________ you with it after I ________ my own work. A．will help; will finish B．will be helping; finish C．will help; finish D．will be helping; will finish 33．— I wonder if it ________ tomorrow. — If it ________ tomorrow, we _________ at home instead of going shopping. A．rains, will rain, will stay B．will rain, rains, will stay C．will rain, will rain, stay D．rains, rains, stay 34．I am so tired. My roommate ________ loud music at midnight, so I can’t fall asleep. A．always B．is always playing C．has always played D．had always played 35．Professor Black, along with his assistants, ________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline these days. A．is working B．are working C．work D．works 36．— You ________ me crazy. Turn off the TV, Suzy. — Regis, I think you ________ a walk in the garden. A．are driving; need B．drove; needed C．drive; are needing D．have driven; are needed 37．— Have you ever been to Shanghai? — Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked 38．— Excuse me, but you’re not allowed to use flash here. The paintings are very sensitive to light. — Oh, I’m so sorry. ______ the sign on the wall. A．I’m not noticing B．I hadn’t noticed C．I haven’t noticed D．I didn’t notice 39．Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______ ill, and her parents suggested that she _______ a medical examination. A．be; should have B．was; have C．should be; had D．was; has 40．When I squeezed into the over-crowded counseling room the other day, the therapist ________ with a frustrated student, and statistics show she ________ countless youngsters out of severe mental pressure up to now. A．talked; helped B．was talking; has helped C．was talking; helped D．talked; has helped 41．By the time we arrived at the library, all the related books ________ away, and the librarian ________ them to another reading room. A．had taken; moved B．had been taken; was moving C．were taken; moves D．have been taken; will move 42．—Did you notice that guy almost hit a kid on a bicycle? —No, I ________ the other way. A．was looking B．looked C．have looked D．am looking 43．We will ________ the school sports meeting next week. A．join B．join in C．take part in D．sign up 44．How time flies! I ________ a senior high school in September in 2027. A．enter B．entered C．will enter D．have entered 45．Mom, do you know when the supermarket _______ tomorrow? A．opened B．open C．will open D．has opened 46．—You promised that you ________ me to Disneyland, Dad. —Well, I did, dear. But we have to change the plan. A．will take B．would take C．had taken 47．In a room above the store, where a party _______, some workers were busily setting the table. A．will be held B．has been held C．was to be held D．is being held 48．The weather forecast said that a severe storm ________ the coast the next day. A．will hit B．was hitting C．would hit D．hit 49．—Shall I ring you up at 7 tomorrow evening? —Sorry, I ______ a report on cross‑culture communication then. A．will be writing B．write C．wrote D．had written 50．This time next Friday, we ________ in the famous science museum. A．will visit B．will be visiting C．are visiting D．visited 51．At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, I ________ a public lecture. A．will give B．will be giving C．gave D．had given 52．China’s Jingdezhen Handicraft Porcelain Industry Sites reveal the profound impact that China’s porcelain production ________ on the global ceramics industry through centuries. A．has B．had C．has had D．had had 53．Hello! This is Kidd. I’m phoning to postpone the appointment I ________ with Prof. Tony for a face-to-face consultation until next Monday. A．will be making B．had made C．have made D．would make 54．He is one of the volunteer teachers who ________ in the remote mountain schools since 2022, and he is the only one of them who ________ awarded the provincial honour so far. A．has worked; have been B．has worked; has been C．have worked; have been D．have worked; has been 55．I ________ the report before the meeting, but my computer crashed and I lost the data. A．intended to finish B．had intended to finish C．intend to have finished D．was to intend to finish 56．By the end of last term, we ______ more than ten articles about different cultures. A．read B．have read C．had read D．would read 57．He said that he ______ much knowledge about body‑language customs before he went abroad. A．gained B．has gained C．had gained D．would gain 58．I ________ English for a long time, and along the way I’ve encountered obstacles, especially when it comes to ________ resources for students. A．has taught; creating B．have been teaching; creating C．have been teaching; create D．have taught; create 59．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau _________ people’s admiration for centuries. A．attracts B．is being attracted C．attracted D．has been attracting 60．Many a Chinese content creator and blogger ________ Hanfu overseas, organizing activities to introduce the stories behind the clothing. A．have been actively promoting B．has been actively promoting C．have been actively promoted D．has been actively promoted 61．By the time you get back, we ________ the whole project. A．will complete B．will be completing C．will have completed D．have completed 62．By the end of this year, we__________ this challenging project successfully. A．will complete B．will have completed C．have completed D．have been completing 63．By the time summer vacation starts, she ________ all her exams. A．finishes B．had finished C．will finish D．will have finished 64．I knew I couldn’t disturb her at 9:00 last night, because she _________ for her exam. A．had studied B．would study C．studied D．had been studying 65．The factory’s output ________ steadily before the supply chain crisis broke out. A．rises B．rose C．has been rising D．had been rising 66．She was exhausted. She ________ housework the whole afternoon before her relatives came. A．did B．was doing C．had been doing D．has done 67．When the young soldiers reach the top of the hill, they __________ for more than an hour. A．have been walking B．will have been walking C．have walked D．will be walking 68．He____ English for six years by the time he takes his exams. A．had been studying B．was studying C．will have been studying D．has been studying 69．— He speaks Chinese very well. — It’s not surprising. He _________in Beijing for nine years next week. A．has been living B．has lived C．will have been lived D．will have been living 70．—Why couldn’t you enter the lab? —Because it ________. A．was being cleaned B．had cleaned C．is cleaned D．has been cleaned 71．The research team, which had spent two years collecting data from rural schools, ________ in a national project ________ at improving education in poor areas. A．was involved; aimed B．were involving; was aimed C．involved; was aimed D．had been involved; aimed 72．Before the party started, all the food ________. A．prepared B．was preparing C．had been prepared D．was being prepared 73．Numerous landmark discoveries ________ in deep-space exploration ever since the very first unmanned lunar probe ________ into circum-lunar orbit half a century ago. A．have achieved; sent B．were achieved; was sent C．have been achieved; was sent D．had been achieved; sent 74．He said that all his mistakes ________ already. A．corrected B．were corrected C．had been corrected D．was being corrected 75．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 76．________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time? A．When do you suppose women were allowed B．When do you suppose women allowed C．When do you suppose were women allowed D．Do you suppose when women were allowed 77．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally________. A．respects B．respecting C．respect D．respected 78．Concerns around privacy and surveillance (监管) ________ because users’ ability to control their personal data and online activities ________ unclear. A．raised; remained B．are raised; have remained C．were raised; remained D．have been raised; is remained 79．In the past few years, great changes ________ in my hometown. A．have taken place B．took place C．have been taken place D．were taken place 80．Great changes________in my hometown in the past few years. A．took place B．were take place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 81．The sales manager reported that the new product ________ well in the first quarter. A．sold B．was sold C．has sold D．had sold 82．The tickets for The Wandering Earth ________ well, and they will ________ soon. A．are sold; sell out B．are sold; sold out C．sell; be sold out D．sell; sold out 83．It is the man ________ stealing the money who ________ for the whole incident. A．suspected of; is to blame B．suspected of; is to be blamed C．having suspected of; is to blame D．being suspected of; is to be blamed 84．The book ________ well and it has been reprinted many times these years. A．is sold B．sells C．sold D．is being sold 85．A new smart study lamp which reduces blue light ________ very well among students nowadays. A．sells B．sold C．is sold D．was sold 参考答案 一、 1．rewarded/ewarded 【解析】句意：每天练习。你的努力将会得到回报。结合“Practice daily.”和“Your efforts”可知，本句强调努力会得到回报，要用一般将来时的被动语态，要填以r开头的动词的过去分词；动词reward意为“回报”，其过去分词rewarded符合题干要求。 2．fascinated/ascinated 【解析】句意：孩子们被魔术师的表演深深吸引，眼睛一刻也离不开他。根据首字母提示f和句意可知，此处表示“被……迷住/吸引”，考查固定搭配be fascinated by，意为“被……所吸引”。 3．trapped/rapped 【解析】句意：大楼倒塌时，数百人被困。空处和were构成谓语，结合“the building fell down”和首字母提示可推知，动词trap“困住”符合题意，trap和主语Hundreds of people之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，所以用过去分词trapped。 4．recognised/ecognised 【解析】句意：这座古老的城堡被公认为一处世界遗产地。设空处是句子的谓语部分，主语The old castle与提示动作构成被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态“was + 动词过去分词”结构，根据首字母r提示和句意，可知是recognised。 5．cancelled/ancelled/canceled/anceled 【解析】句意：因为大雨，运动会取消了。根据句意及首字母提示，应用动词cancel表达“取消”之意，本句为一般过去时被动语态，空处应填过去分词cancelled/canceled。 6．designed/esigned 【解析】句意：本课程专为像你这样的英语初学者量身打造。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词design“设计”，与主语This course是动宾关系，应用被动语态，be designed for“为……而设计”，空前有is，design应用过去分词designed，构成一般现在时的被动语态。 7．employed/mployed 【解析】句意：这款新的教育应用程序在全国各地的小学中被广泛使用。设空处应填过去分词和is构成被动语态，再结合句意“被广泛使用”及首字母e提示，应为employed，构成短语be widely employed，意为“被广泛采用/使用”。 8．represent/epresent 【解析】句意：鸽子常被用来代表不同国家之间的和平与友谊。根据空前不定式符号to及首字母r可知，空处应填动词原形，构成固定结构be used to do sth.，其含义为“被用来做某事”；represent意为“代表；象征”，符合语境。 9．composed/omposed 【解析】句意：人体由大量不同种类的细胞组成。根据单词首字母以及句意，可知用composed，短语be composed of意为“由……组成”。 10．assigned/ssigned 【解析】句意：当这个年轻人被委派担任研究船总工程师一职时，他感到非常自豪。结合句意和首字母可知，表示“分派；委派”用动词assign，作从句谓语，和主语he是被动关系，用过去分词assigned和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。 11．broadcast/roadcast 【解析】句意：运动会的开幕式将在当地电视台现场直播。根据“live on the local TV station”可知，此处指开幕式将通过电视播送；结合首字母提示，用动词broadcast作谓语，意为“播送；广播”，用过去分词broadcast形式构成一般将来时的被动语态will be broadcast。 12．accused/ccused 【解析】句意：这位教练被指控对一些球员更偏心。根据单词首字母以及句意，可知用动词accuse，和主语coach是被动关系，用过去分词和was构成一般过去时的被动语态。 13．entertained/ntertained 【解析】句意：我们所有人都被这个幽默的故事逗乐了。空处与were构成句子的谓语，结合by the humorous story和首字母提示可知，动词entertain“使快乐，逗乐”符合题意。主语All of us与entertain之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，空处用过去分词entertained。 14．delayed/elayed 【解析】句意：由于强暴风雪，这趟航班被延误了两个小时。根据句意和首字母提示d可知，此处表示“延误”，用动词delay；The flight与delay之间是被动关系，表示“航班被延误”，结合was可知，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，空处应用delay的过去分词delayed。 15．awarded/warded 【解析】句意：屠呦呦因发现青蒿素在2015年被授予诺贝尔奖。根据首字母提示a以及句意可知，此处为动词award，意为“授予”，与主语为被动关系，用award的过去分词awarded与was构成一般过去时态的被动语态。 16．shot/hot 【解析】句意：新政策实施后，这款产品的销量仅在三个月内就飙升了。根据首字母提示s可知，此处为动词shoot，shoot up意为“急剧增长，飙升”，结合从句谓语动词“was carried out”可知，句子为一般过去时，此处为shoot的过去式shot。 17．dominated/ominated 【解析】句意：她从头到尾主导了这场对话，完全没给其他人说话的机会。根据leaving no chance for others to speak以及首字母d的提示可知，此处表示主导、控制对话，dominate意为“主导，控制”。句子描述的是过去发生的动作，使用一般过去时，因此dominate变为过去式dominated。 18．blamed/lamed 【解析】句意：我们输掉了比赛，而他把责任归咎于我。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处应填动词blame，表示“归咎于，责怪”。由lost可知句子时态为一般过去时，blame的过去式是blamed。 19．encountered/ncountered 【解析】句意：我们遇到了严重的问题，不得不终止这个项目。根据首字母提示e以及句意可知，此处使用动词encounter，结合后面had可知，句子为一般过去时，此处为动词encountered。 20．sighed/ighed 【解析】句意：听到这个坏消息，经理叹了口气，看上去十分痛苦和难过。根据Hearing the bad news和looking rather bitter and upset可知，听闻坏消息后叹息，结合首字母提示，用动词sigh，意为“叹气”，表示过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 21．stuck/tuck 【解析】句意：即使面对他人的质疑，他仍然坚持自己的信念，努力终会有所回报。根据首字母提示s以及句意可知，此处为动词stick，结合句意以及同位语从句中的谓语动词would pay，由此可知，句子为一般过去时，stick的过去式为stuck，构成固定搭配stick to，意为“坚持”。 22．perceived/erceived 【解析】句意：他察觉到她情绪上的细微变化，很好奇发生了什么事。根据句中并列谓语was curious可知，句子用一般过去时，结合首字母p和“察觉到细微变化”的语境，用动词perceive的过去式perceived表示“察觉到、注意到”。 23．owed/wed 【解析】句意：他把学业上的成功归功于父母的支持和自己坚持不懈的努力。根据“his academic success to”以及首字母提示可知，此处是固定搭配owe...to...，意为“把……归功于……”；描述已经发生的事情，用一般过去时，此空填owed。 24．rented/ented 【解析】句意：去年夏天的假期，我们租了一间靠近湖边的小房子，以便每天早晨都能欣赏美丽的日出。由a small house可知，空格处表达“租”，由首字母提示r可知，是rent，由Last summer holiday可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式。 25．volunteer/olunteer 【解析】句意：每当周末有空的时候，几名学生自愿为老年人提供帮助。根据句意“自愿做”和首字母可知，此处为动词volunteer，表示经常性的动作，需用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。 26．struggled/truggled 【解析】句意：这位单亲妈妈丢了工作，只能靠微薄的收入艰难养家。根据句意“艰难地做”和首字母可知，此处为动词struggle，结合lost可知，使用一般过去时。 27．undergoing/ndergoing 【解析】句意：最近几周，大学新生一直在进行军训。设空处应填动词作谓语，再结合句意“经历、进行”及首字母u提示，应为undergo，根据时间状语“in recent weeks”可知，此处表示最近一段时间一直进行的动作，应用现在完成进行时，结构为have been doing。 28．accounted/ccounted 【解析】句意：恶劣天气造成了这场数百名学生期待了数月的运动会推迟。根据“terrible weather”、“delay”以及首字母提示可知，此处是固定短语account for，表示“是……的原因”；定语从句使用过去完成进行时，说明主句动作发生在过去，此空填accounted。 29．oppose/ppose 【解析】句意：那些反对遵守这项新规定的人认为它带来的麻烦会多于好处。根据首字母提示o以及句意可知，此处为动词oppose，根据主句的谓语动词“believe”可知，此处使用一般现在时态，主语Those为复数，使用动词原形。 30．reminded/eminded/reminds/eminds 【解析】句意：这张照片让我想起了去年夏天我们那次美好的旅行。根据单词首字母以及句意，可知用动词remind，此处可用一般过去时表示动作发生在过去；或陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为photo，谓语用三单形式。 二、 31．C 【解析】句意：教室前面有一棵松树。你不可能看了它却没注意到它那绿色的针状叶子。第一空考查倒装句及动词辨析，句首为地点状语In front of the classroom，句子为完全倒装结构，真正的主语是后面的a pine tree，且表示“位于、存在”应用不及物动词lie，根据主语单数及一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式lies；lie“位于”是不及物动词，无被动语态。第二、三空考查固定搭配，can’t fail to do sth. without doing sth.为双重否定表肯定，意为“一定会……”，此处表示“你不可能看了它却没注意到它的叶子”，符合逻辑，C选项符合题意。 32．C 【解析】句意：——恐怕我今晚完不成这份报告了。——别担心。我完成自己的工作后就帮你。第一空描述将来要发生的动作，应用一般将来时will help；第二空在时间状语从句中，遵循主将从现规则，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表将来，且主语I与finish之间为主动关系，用动词原形finish。 33．B 【解析】句意：——我想知道明天是否会下雨。——如果明天下雨，我们将待在家里而不是去购物。第一句中if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，根据时间状语tomorrow可知，从句应用一般将来时，故第一空填will rain；第二句中if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，从句主语是it，故第二空填rains，第三空填will stay。 34．B 【解析】句意：我太累了。我的室友总是在午夜大声播放音乐，所以我无法入睡。现在进行时与always连用，带有抱怨的感情色彩。结合语境可知，此处表达对室友行为的不满抱怨，用is always playing。 35．A 【解析】句意：这些天来，布莱克教授和他的助手们日以继夜地做这个项目，以赶上最后期限。结合时间状语these days可知，此处表示最近一段时间一直在进行的动作，应用现在进行时。本句的主语是Professor Black, along with his assistants，当主语后跟有along with等词组时，谓语动词的单复数采取“就远原则”，即与前面的名词Professor Black保持一致，故谓语动词使用单数形式is working。 36．A 【解析】句意：——你快把我逼疯了。把电视关掉，苏西。——雷吉斯，我觉得你需要去花园里散散步。根据后句“Turn off the TV, Suzy.”可知，电视现在正开着，对方现在的行为正把说话人逼疯，应用现在进行时，第一空填are driving。主句I think用了一般现在时，you ________ a walk in the garden是宾语从句，所填词在该从句中作谓语，陈述现在的客观情况，表达主动含义，要用动词原形need。 37．A 【解析】句意：——你去过上海吗？——当然。实际上，我在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在台州。根据答句中的“but now I live in Taizhou”可知，在上海工作是过去发生并且已经结束的动作，与现在无关，因此应用一般过去时。 38．D 【解析】句意：—— 打扰一下，这里不允许使用闪光灯。这些画作对光很敏感。—— 哦，非常抱歉。我刚才没有注意到墙上的标识。结合语境可知，“没注意到标识”是刚才发生的动作，现在已经注意到了，用一般过去时，用I didn’t notice。 39．B 【解析】句意：简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她的父母建议她做一次体检。第一个suggest表示“表明，暗示”，其后的宾语从句中使用陈述语气，结合主句时态可知，讲述过去的事情，从句中也用一般过去时态，故第一空填was；第二个suggest表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，should可以省略，故第二空填have。 40．B 【解析】句意：前几天当我挤进拥挤的咨询室时，治疗师正在和一名沮丧的学生交谈，统计数据显示，到目前为止，她已经帮助无数年轻人走出了严重的心理压力。第一空处talk是主句谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“When I squeezed into...”可知，描述在过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时was talking；第二空处help是从句谓语动词，根据时间状语“up to now”可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时has helped。 41．B 【解析】句意：到我们到达图书馆的时候，所有相关的书都已经被拿走了，图书管理员正把它们搬到另一个阅览室。由时间状语从句By the time we arrived at the library可知，第一空动作“被拿走”发生在“到达”这一过去时间点之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，且主语books是动作take的承受者，故使用过去完成时的被动语态had been taken；第二空表示在我们到达的那个过去的时间点，图书管理员正在进行搬书的动作，需用过去进行时was moving。 42．A 【解析】句意：——你注意到那个人差点撞到一个骑自行车的孩子了吗？——没有，我当时正看向另一个方向。根据问句中的Did you notice可知，事情发生在过去。答句表示在过去那个特定的时刻发生的动作，故使用过去进行时was/were doing。主语为I，谓语动词用was looking。 43．C 【解析】句意：我们下周将参加学校运动会。A. join加入；B. join in参加，加入；C. take part in参加；D. sign up报名，注册。根据空后宾语the school sports meeting可知，此处指参加学校运动会这一活动，此时应用动词短语take part in；而join多指加入某个组织、团体等；join in表示参加小型活动、游戏、谈话等，多指正加入正在进行的活动。C选项符合本句语境。 44．C 【解析】句意：时间过得真快！我将在2027年9月进入高中。根据时间状语“in September in 2027”并结合句意可知，此句应用一般将来时，故空处填will enter。 45．C 【解析】句意：妈妈，你知道超市明天什么时候开门吗？根据句中的时间状语tomorrow可知，该句用一般将来时will open。 46．B 【解析】句意：——爸爸，你答应过要带我去迪士尼乐园的。 ——嗯，我是答应过，亲爱的。但我们得改计划了。主句谓语promised为一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，宾语从句需用过去的某种时态。根据“But we have to change the plan.”可知，“带我去迪士尼乐园”还未发生，应用过去将来时（would take）。 47．C 【解析】句意：在商店上方的一个房间里，工人们正忙着摆放餐具，那里即将举行一场派对。根据主句谓语动词“were busily setting”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，且工人们当时正在摆放餐具，说明派对还未开始，即在过去的将来要举行，故从句应使用过去将来时；同时，从句主语“a party”与动词“hold”之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。“was/were to be done”可表示过去将来时的被动语态。 48．C 【解析】句意：天气预报说第二天一场猛烈的风暴将袭击海岸。本句是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，主句谓语动词said为一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，从句也应使用过去的某种时态；同时，从句的时间状语为the next day(第二天)，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，因此宾语从句需使用过去将来时，其结构为“would + 动词原形”。 49．A 【解析】句意：——明天晚上七点我给你打电话好吗？——抱歉，那时我正在写一份关于跨文化交流的报告。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“at 7 tomorrow evening”可知，此处表示将来某个具体时间点正在发生的动作，将来进行时态，所以谓语动词用will be writing。 50．B 【解析】句意：下周五这个时候，我们将正在参观这座著名的科学博物馆。This time next Friday是将来某一具体时刻，表示将来特定时间正在发生的动作用将来进行时。 51．B 【解析】句意：明天上午10点钟，我将正在做一个公开演讲。句中时间状语“At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning”表示将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，构成式为will be doing，表示“将来某时正在做某事”，因此选 will be giving。 52．C 【解析】句意：中国景德镇手工制瓷业遗址揭示了几个世纪以来中国瓷器生产对全球陶瓷产业产生的深远影响。句中定语从句的时间状语为through centuries（几个世纪以来），表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并对现在产生影响，且主句谓语动词reveal为一般现在时，说明这种影响至今依然存在，故从句谓语动词应用现在完成时，谓语用has had。 53．C 【解析】句意：您好！我是基德。我打电话是为了推迟我和托尼教授约定的面对面咨询，改到下周一。此处定语从句动作make发生在打电话之前，对现在造成影响（现在要推迟预约），使用现在完成时，其主语为第一人称I，所以谓语动词为have made。 54．D 【解析】句意：他是自2022年以来在偏远山区学校任教的志愿者教师之一，也是迄今为止唯一获得省级荣誉的教师。第一空定语从句的先行词是the volunteer teachers，为复数概念，have worked在从句中作谓语，与复数先行词保持一致，且since 2022提示用现在完成时；第二空定语从句的先行词是the only one，为单数概念，has been（现在完成时的被动形式）在从句中作谓语，与单数先行词保持一致，so far提示用现在完成时。 55．B 【解析】句意：我本打算在会议前完成报告，但是我的电脑死机了，我丢失了数据。根据句中的“but my computer crashed and I lost the data”可知，完成报告这个打算并没有实现，且发生在过去的过去，因此应用过去完成时。had intended to do sth. 为固定用法，表示“过去本打算做某事（但实际上未做）”。 56．C 【解析】句意：到上学期末，我们已经阅读了十多篇关于不同文化的文章。由时间状语“By the end of last term”可知，动作在过去某一时间(上学期末)之前已经完成，应用过去完成时had read。 57．C 【解析】句意：他说在出国之前他已经获得了许多关于肢体语言习俗的知识。主句谓语said为一般过去时，宾语从句中“获得知识”发生在“went abroad”之前，即表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had gained。 58．B 【解析】句意：我教英语已经很长时间了，一路上我遇到了很多障碍，尤其是在为学生创造资源方面。第一空处teach(教)作谓语，结合时间状语“for a long time”，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，且强调动作的持续性，用现在完成进行时have been teaching；第二空处考查固定搭配“when it comes to doing sth.”，意为“当提到/涉及做某事时”，其中to为介词，后接动名词creating作宾语。 59．D 【解析】句意：几个世纪以来，青藏高原一直引人赞叹。“for+时间段”常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，has been attracting是现在完成进行时，表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能延续下去。 60．B 【解析】句意：许多中国内容创作者和博主一直在海外积极推广汉服，组织活动介绍服装背后的故事。本句为“many a +单数可数名词”作主语，此时意义上表示“许多”，但谓语动词需用单数形式；且主语与动词promote之间为主动关系，需用主动语态。此处使用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，助动词用has。 61．C 【解析】句意：等你回来的时候，我们就已经完成整个项目了。此处为谓语动词，根据by the time引导时间状语从句可知，从句使用一般现在时表将来，所以主句使用将来完成时表示动作在将来某个时间点前完成，谓语动词为will have completed。 62．B 【解析】句意：到今年年底，我们将成功完成这个具有挑战性的项目。句中带有时间状语By the end of this year，表示到将来某个时间点为止将会完成的动作，主句应使用将来完成时，其结构为will have + 过去分词。 63．D 【解析】考查动词时态辨析。句意：到暑假开始时，她将已经完成了所有的考试。finish(完成)作主句谓语，结合时间状语“By the time summer vacation starts”可知，描述的是在暑假开始这一将来时间点之前已经完成的动作，应该使用将来完成时态。故选D项。 64．D 【解析】句意：我知道昨晚9点我不能打扰她，因为她那时一直在为考试学习。结合前面的“at 9:00 last night”可知，空处描述的是昨晚9点之前一直在进行，且直到9点仍在进行的动作，强调动作的持续性，应用过去完成进行时。 65．D 【解析】句意：在供应链危机爆发之前，这家工厂的产量一直在稳步上升。根据时间状语从句“before the supply chain crisis broke out”可知，主句动作发生在过去的过去，且强调该动作在过去某个时间点之前一直持续进行，应用过去完成进行时had been doing。 66．C 【解析】句意：她精疲力竭。在亲戚们到来之前，她整个下午都在做家务。根据时间状语从句“before her relatives came”可知，“做家务”这一动作发生在过去的过去，且由“the whole afternoon”可知，该动作在过去的一段时间内一直持续进行，强调动作的持续性及其对过去某一时刻造成的结果，因此应用过去完成进行时had been doing。 67．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当这些年轻的士兵到达山顶时，他们已经走了一个多小时了。根据句意以及时间状语从句的谓语动词reach可知，主句表达的是将要发生的动作，结合主句的时间状语for more than an hour可知，此处又表示已经发生且一直进行，综合以上信息可知，此处使用将来完成进行时。故选B项。 68．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：到他考试之前，他已经学了六年英语。根据时间状语从句“by the time he takes his exams”可知，应该用将来完成进行时。故选C项。 69．D 【解析】试题分析：考查时态。句意：---他汉语说的很好。---这不吃惊。下周他将已经在北京住了九年了。表示持续到现在并且仍在进行的动作，应用现在完成进行时。live为不及物动词，无被动语态。故知选D项。 考点：考查时态 70．A 【解析】句意：——你为什么进不去实验室？——因为它正在被打扫。根据问句中的couldn’t可知，事情发生在过去，答句解释当时进不去的原因，表示在过去某一时刻（即想进实验室的那个时刻）打扫的动作正在进行，且主语it（指代实验室）与动词clean之间是被动关系，因此应用过去进行时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were being + 过去分词”。 71．A 【解析】句意：这个研究团队花了两年时间从乡村学校收集数据，参与了一个旨在改善贫困地区教育的国家项目。主语是The research team，which引导非限制性定语从句，第一个空作主句的谓语。根据从句中的had spent可知，收集数据发生在主句动作之前，主句应用一般过去时；be involved in为固定搭配，意为“参与”，且team作整体看待时谓语动词用单数，故第一空填was involved；第二空修饰名词project，作后置定语，be aimed at意为“旨在”，此处用过去分词aimed作后置定语。 72．C 【解析】句意：在派对开始之前，所有的食物都已经被准备好了。句中时间状语从句的谓语动词“started”为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；主句中“准备”食物的动作发生在“开始”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。同时，主语“all the food”与动词“prepare”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。因此，此处应使用过去完成时的被动语态（had been done）。 73．C 【解析】句意：半个世纪前，自从第一台无人月球探测器被送入环月轨道以来，深空探索领域已经取得了许多具有里程碑意义的发现。根据句中的时间状语从句引导词ever since可知，主句应使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时。第一空主语Numerous landmark discoveries与动词achieve之间是被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态have been achieved；第二空主语the very first unmanned lunar probe与动词send之间也是被动关系，且有时间状语half a century ago，需用一般过去时的被动语态was sent。 74．C 【解析】句意：他说他所有的错误都已经被纠正了。主句谓语动词said为一般过去时，宾语从句中的动作correct发生在said之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；且从句主语all his mistakes与动词correct之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，即had been done。 75．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老板要求所有的论文都要按时交上来。demand表示要求所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略；且此处paper与hand in构成被动关系，故用be handed in。故选B。 76．A 【解析】考查插入语和被动语态。句意：你认为什么时候女性第一次被允许参加奥运会？分析句子结构，do you suppose为插入语，置于特殊疑问词之后，插入语后句子应使用陈述语气，且women和allow之间为动宾关系，要使用被动语态。综上，故答案为A。 77．D 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：任何人，无论是官员还是公交车司机，都应该受到同等的尊重。根据“Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver”可知，此处是指任何人都应该受到同等的尊重，动词respect意为“尊重”，和主语构成被动关系。故选D。 78．C 【解析】句意：关于隐私和监管的担忧被引发，因为用户控制其个人数据和在线活动的能力仍然不明确。第一空主语Concerns与动词raise之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态；第二空动词remain为系动词，没有被动语态，只能使用主动形式。B选项第二空，主语ability是单数名词，谓语需要用单数形式，故排除B；结合时态一致性原则，两空均使用一般过去时，C符合。 79．A 【解析】考查语态。句意：过去几年，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据In the past few years可知用完成时；take place是不及物动词动词，无被动语态。故选A。 80．C 【解析】考查现在完成时，与语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。take place表示“发生”，无被动语态；根据句子的时间状语“in the past few years”可知，需要用现在完成时。故选C。 81．A 【解析】句意：销售经理报告说，新产品在第一季度卖得很好。本空为that引导的宾语从句的谓语，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，sell well为固定用法，意为“畅销，卖得好”，此处动词sell用主动形式表示被动意义，本空用过去式sold。 82．C 【解析】句意：《流浪地球》的电影票卖得很好，并且它们很快就会被卖光。sell与well等副词连用时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的性质或状态，故第一空填sell；第二空主语they指代the tickets，与sell out（卖光）之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且位于助动词will之后，故填be sold out。 83．A 【解析】句意：那个被怀疑偷了钱的人应该受到责备。句子是强调句式It is...who强调句子主语；第一空：suspect sb. of (doing) sth.​ 意为“怀疑某人做某事”，suspect“怀疑”与其逻辑主语the man之间为被动关系，用过去分词短语suspected of“被怀疑……”作后置定语修饰名词the man。第二空：be to blame (for)是固定表达，意为“该受责备、应对……负责”，用主动形式表被动含义，所以第二空填is to blame。 84．B 【解析】句意：这本书很畅销，这些年来已经重印了许多次。sell well意为“畅销”，sell在此处是不及物动词，表示主语的属性或特征，习惯上用主动形式表示被动意义。结合后半句has been reprinted many times these years可知，此处描述的是现在的客观事实或状态，应用一般现在时。 85．A 【解析】句意：这款可以降低蓝光的新型智能护眼灯如今在学生当中十分畅销。本句描述现阶段经常性、普遍性的状态，应用一般现在时；当sell与well、easily等副词连用时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，主语为A new smart study lamp，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式sells。 一、阅读理解 A Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective. A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school. The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently-sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls. Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could contradict the adult’s claim. These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs. The study’s implications extend beyond childhood. Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony (证词) of others rather than personal experience. So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do. 1．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The conclusion of the study. B．The methodology of the study. C．The significance of the study. D．The theoretical basis of the study. 2．Which child’s response matches the empirical stance? A．Taylor believes whatever the teacher says. B．Jordan trusts her own feelings about the topic. C．Emma thinks the watermelon sweet and tastes it. D．Maya suspects what the story says about monsters. 3．What lesson could adults learn from children? A．Rejecting complex concepts. B．Never trusting anyone. C．Counting on others’ testimony. D．Learning from their own experience. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To advocate an evidence-based approach across all ages. B．To persuade adults to correct children’s wrong worldview. C．To highlight adults’ role in children’s education and growth. D．To introduce a new method for testing children’s beliefs. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【解析】文章主要介绍了一项研究探讨了儿童如何应对违背常识的说法。实验中，孩子们被要求判断不同大小的玩偶哪个最重。结果显示，尽管儿童最初相信成人的说法，但小学阶段的孩子会通过实验验证这些说法，从而更新自己的认知。这表明儿童在面对新信息时具备经验主义倾向。 1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently-sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls.(这项研究涉及近200名3至8岁的中国学校儿童。研究人员向每个孩子展示了五个不同大小的、由彩绘俄罗斯娃娃制成的物体。孩子们自然地认为，最小的娃娃最轻，最大的最重。当被要求识别最重的物体时，大多数孩子选择了最大的那个。随后，一位成年人要么同意孩子的选择，要么声称最小的娃娃是最重的。研究人员观察这些孩子是否会改变主意，或通过比较娃娃的重量来验证成年人的说法)”可知，第三段主要描述了研究的具体方法，包括研究对象、实验设计和过程。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.(发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相悖的观点的反应，以及他们是否会将这些观点与自己的预期进行对照。这种被称为“实证立场 的检验方式，在儿童上小学时就已经显现)”可知，“实证立场”指的是验证与自己相反相悖的观点的行为。C项“Emma假设西瓜是甜的，然后品尝验证”符合“实证立场”。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs.(到了小学阶段，他们会通过寻找新的证据来系统地检验这些说法，并用这些证据来更新自己的信念)”最后一段“So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.(因此，虽然孩子可能从成年人那里了解到圣诞老人的奇妙故事，但成年人同样也可以向小学生学到一些东西：我们大多数人如果能比现在更频繁地采取实证立场，将会受益匪浅)”可知，成年人可以从孩子身上学到从自身经验中学习的道理。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is evident by the time children reach elementary school.(发表在《发展心理学》上的一项研究探讨了儿童对与他们通常想法相悖的观点的反应，以及他们是否会将这些观点与自己的预期进行对照。这种被称为“实证立场 的检验方式，在儿童上小学时就已经显现)”和最后一段“So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.(因此，虽然孩子可能从成年人那里了解到圣诞老人的奇妙故事，但成年人同样也可以向小学生学到一些东西：我们大多数人如果能比现在更频繁地采取实证立场，将会受益匪浅)”可知，文章的目的是倡导在所有年龄段采用循证方法。 B In our human-centric view, the ability to shoot ink or change colors may seem odd, but you know what’s really odd? Menopause (更年期). You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand. Only orcas (虎鲸) and some whale populations have females that live long past their reproductive years to become grandmothers. But a new, landmark study confirms that at least one population of chimpanzees can now be added to the list. The discovery comes as the result of 21 years’ worth of observing the Ngogo community of wild chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause. “It’s really cool to finally have that piece of the puzzle come into place,” says Catherine Hobaiter, a primatologist who was not part of the new study. But Catherine points out that the Ngogo community lives in a chimp paradise: the resource-rich, well-protected Kibale National Park that also lacks leopards, their main predator. And because the Ngogo community is found in the heart of the park, its only neighbors are other chimps — not humans who can expose chimpanzees to viruses that have devastated other communities. “The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions. And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine. 5．What can be learned about menopause? A．It is rare among animals. B．It is unique to human beings. C．It is limited to the age of 50. D．It is linked to living environments. 6．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Scientists have solved the menopause puzzle. B．Ngogo females’ condition remains a mystery. C．Chimpanzee menopause is still in question. D．The finding offers new insight into animal menopause. 7．Why does Catherine mention the living situation of the Ngogo community? A．To argue the finding is groundless. B．To point out a possible study limitation. C．To prove the Ngogo chimps are ideal subjects. D．To stress the need to protect chimps from viruses. 8．How is the last paragraph developed? A．By drawing a firm conclusion. B．By listing several research examples. C．By comparing different animal behaviors. D．By analyzing a concept with supporting facts. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D 【解析】主要说明了一项21年的研究发现乌干达部分野生雌黑猩猩也有更年期。但该种群生存环境优越属于特例，且黑猩猩不满足祖母效应，相关问题仍有待后续研究。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“You can count species other than humans known to experience and outlive menopause on one hand.(你可以说，除人类之外，已知会经历更年期且活过更年期的物种用一只手就能数过来)”可知，更年期在动物中很罕见。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Studying urine from 66 Ngogo females, aged 14 to 67, showed that their hormone levels changed after approaching 50, confirming they were in menopause. Interestingly, 50 is also the age when many people begin to experience menopause.(对66只年龄在14至67岁之间的Ngogo雌性黑猩猩的尿液进行研究发现，它们在接近50岁时激素水平发生变化，证实了它们已进入更年期。有趣的是，50岁也是许多人开始经历更年期的年龄)”可知，这项里程碑研究证实黑猩猩种群也存在更年期。故划线词意思是“这一发现为动物更年期提供了新的见解”。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段““The Ngogo population may be an outlier (特殊群体) when it comes to the rest of the species,” she cautions.(“就黑猩猩物种的其余种群而言，Ngogo种群可能是个特例，”她提醒道)”可知，凯瑟琳提到Ngogo社区的生活状况是为了指出一项可能的研究局限性。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And there is a question concerning “the grandmother effect”, according to which a grandmother has a decidedly beneficial effect on her children and grandchildren. Chimpanzees do not form long-term pair-bonds and females leave in search of new communities when they reach maturity, which means grandmother chimpanzees likely don’t know who their grandchildren are in the same way humans or even orcas do. What they do after menopause remains a question of interest. “And that’s all future work to be done,” said Catherine.(还有一个关于“祖母效应”的问题，即祖母对子女和孙辈有着明显积极的影响。黑猩猩不会建立长期的伴侣关系，雌性在成年后会离开寻找新的群体，这意味着黑猩猩的祖母很可能不像人类甚至虎鲸那样清楚自己孙辈的身份。而她们在更年期之后的行为仍是一个值得研究的问题。“这是未来需要完成的工作，”凯瑟琳说)”可知，最后一段通过分析一个概念并辅以相关论据展开。 C The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost his mother and was coming to live with the father he did not know. My mother, Eleni Gatzoyiannis, had been imprisoned and shot for sending my sisters and me to freedom. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours.” The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazybones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, In the twenty-five years that followed, I worked as a professional journalist. Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire. Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after. 9．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently? A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time. B．His mother’s miserable death. C．Being exposed to Greek literary works. D．Following the prettiest girl in his class. 10．Which words best describe Miss Hurd as a teacher? A．Strict but inspiring. B．Tough but indifferent. C．Impatient but caring. D．Serious but approachable. 11．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired. B．Miss Hurd’s contribution was recognized across the nation. C．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students. D．Students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style. 12．Why does the author call Miss Hurd a “catalyst”? A．To stress her role in starting his writing career. B．To suggest she changed his personality completely. C．To indicate she was the only person who helped him. D．To show she was as powerful as a chemical substance. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．A 【解析】文章主要介绍了作者回忆自己的老师Marjorie Hurd，讲述这位老师如何影响并改变了作者的人生，将作者的悲痛转化为写作动力，引导作者走上新闻写作道路。 9．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins.(她向我介绍希腊丰富的文学作品，让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了全新的看法，也让我为自己的出身感到自豪。)”可知，接触希腊文学作品，让作者对祖国有了不一样的认识。 10．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazybones.(赫德小姐头发花白夹杂黑发，眼神坚定，是个严厉的女人，她对懒人没有耐心。)”以及“Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language.(她的努力激励我理解英语的逻辑与结构。)”可知，Hurd老师严格且富有启发性。 11．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.(这些学生大多来自问题最严重的家庭，但她用自己独特的严厉关爱方式，时而鞭策、时而鼓励他们，直到点燃他们内心的火花。)”可知，Hurd老师采用独特的方式来教育这些学生。 12．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn’t have become a reporter. She was the catalyst that sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.(如果没有Hurd老师，我不会成为一名记者。她是促使我进入新闻行业的催化剂，也间接带来了之后所有美好的事情。)”可知，作者称Hurd老师为催化剂，是为了强调她在开启自己写作生涯方面起到的作用。 D In a groundbreaking development for artificial intelligence, researchers at VUB’s Data Analytics Lab have demonstrated that commercial language models can contribute to original mathematical discoveries. Their study reveals that OpenAI’s ChatGPT-5.2 (‘Thinking’) played a pivotal role in proving a complex 2024 conjecture proposed by mathematicians Ran and Teng, a problem that had previously remained unsolved. The research team engaged in seven distinct chat sessions with the AI, repeating through four different versions of the argument. While the human researchers provided the necessary oversight to ensure logical completeness, ChatGPT was responsible for developing the core structure of the proof. This collaborative process, which the team terms “vibe-proving”, mirrors the concept of “vibe-coding” used in software development, where AI assists in organizing and exploring complex theoretical landscapes. Brecht Verbeken, a postdoctoral researcher involved in the project, was astonished by how quickly the AI produced a usable proof structure. “I had long suspected that ChatGPT could help me prove unsolved mathematical problems, and yet the real-world performance far exceeded my expectations,” he stated. The findings challenge the prevailing misconception that AI creativity is merely a recombination of existing training data. Instead, this work suggests that commercially available models possess the capacity for genuine theoretical innovation. However, the study also highlights a critical bottleneck in this new methodology. Despite the AI’s ability to generate candidate proofs rapidly, the researchers emphasize that human experts remain essential to verify (验证) the arguments and resolve any remaining gaps. Andres Algaba, a professor at the lab, notes that while formulating proofs is now faster, the final review stage is time-consuming. Nevertheless, the team remains optimistic that language models will eventually assist in this verification stage as well. This experiment marks a significant shift in how we perceive AI’s role in theoretical research. It moves beyond simple assistance in coding or writing, suggesting a future where AI acts as a collaborative partner in the precise and creative process of mathematical discovery. 13．What can be concluded about “vibe-proving”? A．It requires no human intervention. B．It is inspired by software development. C．It is slower than traditional methods. D．It is used for simple theoretical tasks. 14．How did Brecht Verbeken react to the research outcome? A．With doubt about its reliability. B．With surprise at its efficiency. C．With praise for its creativity. D．With concern over its speed. 15．Which aspect of the new methodology is regarded as the biggest challenge? A．The human verification process. B．The cost of the software. C．The lack of well-trained AI tools. D．The speed of the computer. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．The replacement of human mathematicians by AI. B．A new method for rapid computer code generation. C．The limitations of commercial AI models in science. D．AI’s role in original mathematical discovery research. 【答案】13．B 14．B 15．A 16．D 【解析】文章主要介绍了商用语言模型可助力原创数学发现的相关研究内容、价值与现存瓶颈。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“This collaborative process, which the team terms “vibe-proving”, mirrors the concept of “vibe-coding” used in software development, where AI assists in organizing and exploring complex theoretical landscapes.(这个协作过程，团队称之为“氛围式验证”，类似于软件开发中使用的“氛围编码”概念，即人工智能协助组织和探索复杂的理论领域)”可知，“vibe-proving”的灵感来自软件开发。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Brecht Verbeken, a postdoctoral researcher involved in the project, was astonished by how quickly the AI produced a usable proof structure.(参与该项目的博士后研究员布雷赫特·维尔贝肯对人工智能生成可用证明结构的速度感到惊讶)”可知，Brecht Verbeken对AI如此迅速地生成可用的证明结构感到震惊，即他对AI的高效性感到惊讶。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, the study also highlights a critical bottleneck in this new methodology. Despite the AI’s ability to generate candidate proofs rapidly, the researchers emphasize that human experts remain essential to verify (验证) the arguments and resolve any remaining gaps. Andres Algaba, a professor at the lab, notes that while formulating proofs is now faster, the final review stage is time-consuming.(然而，该研究也指出了这一新方法中的一个关键瓶颈。尽管人工智能能够快速生成候选证明，但研究人员强调，人类专家仍对验证论证和填补尚存的逻辑缺口至关重要。实验室教授安德烈斯·阿尔加巴指出，虽然构建证明的过程现在更快了，但最终的审查阶段仍然耗时)”可知，该新方法的一个关键瓶颈（最大挑战）是仍然需要人类专家来验证论证，且最终的审查阶段非常耗时。 16．主旨大意题。文章第一段开篇点题，指出商业语言模型可以为原创数学发现做出贡献；中间段落详细介绍了AI如何协助数学家证明复杂的猜想以及面临的验证挑战；最后一段总结指出，这标志着AI在理论研究（数学发现）中正成为人类的合作伙伴。因此，全文主要探讨了AI在原创数学发现研究中的作用。 二、完形填空 At age 5, I always sat with my dad in his study every night. When he came home from the office, I’d watch as he 17 away his personal items: his watch, wallet, and comb (梳子). They would always take up the same spot on the table as if he could see the imaginary lines drawn 18 for these things, not a centimeter more or less. What brought 19 to me then was cleaning the comb for him. I would turn on the tap excitedly and 20 it as hard as I could. I was 21 that I’d done a good job, and I would proudly return the comb to Dad, who rewarded me with a bright smile. Two years later, Dad 22 his sales job and started his own business, but it was not going well and started shaking our steady (稳定的) life. He always came home very late and 23 the usual evening staying with me. Why did he 24 his old job? Why did he take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years I refused to wait for him to come home. Today, everything is better, yet the 25 silence between us remained until two days ago. I was about to 26 after carrying his bag into his study when he asked, “Hey, would you like to clean my comb?” After a long 27 , I said yes. Later, with the comb clean, Dad 28 placed it on top of his wallet and smiled as usual. I 29 that he had wrinkles (皱纹) as he smiled, yet his smile was still 30 , the smile of a father who wanted a good 31 for his family. 17．A．threw B．gave C．passed D．put 18．A．suddenly B．immediately C．specifically D．creatively 19．A．puzzle B．trouble C．confusion D．joy 20．A．broke B．played C．brushed D．held 21．A．satisfied B．worried C．tired D．surprised 22．A．found B．reserved C．disliked D．quit 23．A．wasted B．missed C．enjoyed D．kept 24．A．give up B．refer to C．finish off D．search for 25．A．unique B．enjoyable C．responsible D．awkward 26．A．leave B．stay C．talk D．ask 27．A．sleep B．schedule C．while D．discussion 28．A．quickly B．carefully C．officially D．naturally 29．A．believed B．heard C．doubted D．noticed 30．A．young B．obvious C．cheerful D．strange 31．A．lesson B．life C．right D．reason 【答案】 17．D 18．C 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 【解析】主要讲述作者回忆童年帮父亲清洗梳子，后来因父亲创业他们产生隔阂，最终重拾温情的故事。 17．考查动词。句意：当他下班回家，我看着他把个人物品收好：手表、钱包和梳子。A. threw扔掉；B. gave给；C. passed传递；D. put放置。根据后文“They would always take up the same spot on the table”可知，父亲把物品放在桌上固定位置，put away为固定短语，表示“收好”。 18．考查副词。句意：它们总是摆在桌上同一个位置，仿佛他能看见专门为这些东西画出的假想线条，分毫不差。A. suddenly突然；B. immediately立刻；C. specifically专门地；D. creatively有创造性地。根据后文“not a centimeter more or less”可知，这些线条是专门为摆放物品设想出来的。 19．考查名词。句意：那时带给我快乐的事就是帮他清洗梳子。A. puzzle谜题；B. trouble麻烦；C. confusion困惑；D. joy快乐。根据后文“I would turn on the tap excitedly”可知，作者做这件事的时候十分兴奋，这件事带来快乐。 20．考查动词。句意：我会兴奋地打开水龙头，用力刷洗梳子。A. broke打破；B. played玩耍；C. brushed刷；D. held握住。根据前文“cleaning the comb for him”可知，作者要刷洗梳子。 21．考查形容词。句意：我很满意自己把事情做好了，然后会骄傲地把梳子还给爸爸，爸爸用灿烂的笑容奖励我。A. satisfied满意的；B. worried担忧的；C. tired疲惫的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据后文“and I would proudly return the comb to Dad”可知，作者骄傲地交还梳子，内心感到满意。 22．考查动词。句意：两年后，父亲辞去销售工作，创办自己的公司，但事业进展不顺，动摇了我们安稳的生活。A. found找到；B. reserved保留；C. disliked不喜欢；D. quit辞去。根据后文“started his own business”可知，父亲放弃原来的工作去创业。 23．考查动词。句意：他总是很晚回家，错过了往日夜晚陪我的时光。A. wasted浪费；B. missed错过；C. enjoyed享受；D. kept保持。根据前文“He always came home very late”可知，回家太晚，没法像从前那样陪伴作者。 24．考查动词短语。句意：他为什么要放弃原来的工作？A. give up放弃；B. refer to提及；C. finish off结束；D. search for寻找。根据前文“Dad quit his sales job”可知，作者疑惑父亲为何放弃旧工作。 25．考查形容词。句意：如今一切好转，但我们之间尴尬的沉默一直持续到两天前。A. unique独特的；B. enjoyable令人愉快的；C. responsible负责任的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据前文“He always came home very late and ________ the usual evening staying with me.”以及“Over the years I refused to wait for him to come home.”可知，长久缺少陪伴，他们之间产生隔阂，形成尴尬的沉默。 26．考查动词。句意：我把他的包搬进书房，正要离开时，他问道：“嘿，你愿意帮我清洗梳子吗？”A. leave离开；B. stay停留；C. talk交谈；D. ask询问。根据后文“when he asked, “Hey, would you like to clean my comb?””可知，作者本打算走，这时父亲开口叫住了作者。 27．考查名词。句意：经过漫长的片刻，我答应了。A. sleep睡觉；B. schedule日程；C. while一会儿；D. discussion讨论。根据前文“Today, everything is better, yet the ________ silence between us remained until two days ago.”可知，他们二人长期存在隔阂，面对父亲突然的请求，作者沉默片刻才做出回应。 28．考查副词。句意：稍后，梳子洗干净后，父亲小心地把它放在钱包上方，像往常一样微笑。A. quickly快速地；B. carefully小心地；C. officially正式地；D. naturally自然地。根据第一段“They would always take up the same spot on the table as if he could see the imaginary lines drawn ________ for these things, not a centimeter more or less.”可知，父亲摆放物品一向十分讲究，摆放梳子时动作小心。 29．考查动词。句意：我注意到他微笑时脸上有皱纹，但他的笑容依旧愉悦，这是一位想为家人创造美好生活的父亲的笑容。A. believed相信；B. heard听见；C. doubted怀疑；D. noticed注意到。根据后文“he had wrinkles (皱纹) as he smiled”可知，作者看到、留意到父亲脸上的皱纹。 30．考查形容词。句意：我注意到他微笑时脸上有皱纹，但他的笑容依旧愉悦，这是一位想为家人创造美好生活的父亲的笑容。A. young年轻的；B. obvious明显的；C. cheerful愉悦的；D. strange奇怪的。根据前文“smiled as usual”可知，父亲的笑容一如既往令人温暖愉悦。 31．考查名词。句意：我注意到他微笑时脸上有皱纹，但他的笑容依旧愉悦，这是一位想为家人创造美好生活的父亲的笑容。A. lesson课程；B. life生活；C. right权利；D. reason理由。根据前文第三段中的“Two years later, Dad ________ his sales job and started his own business, but it was not going well and started shaking our steady (稳定的) life.”可知，父亲放弃原有工作去创业，目的是为家人谋求更好的生活。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In mid-October 2025, a special tour titled “Discovering Shanxi’s Ancient Chinese Architecture” 32 (bring) overseas researchers, bloggers, international students and reporters to Shanxi, 33 province known as the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Supported by related departments and co-hosted by Shanxi Daily and China Daily’s business development department, the group carried out an 34 (explore) of Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Linfen and Yuncheng, experiencing the province’s thousand-year charm through cameras and words. Shanxi has over 28,000 ancient buildings, accounting 35 10.6% of the national total. The journey began at Taiyuan’s Jinci Museum, 36 French blogger Mathieu Mylene felt like “traveling back 1,000 years”. In Jinzhong, the visitors explored Pingyao Ancient City and Rishengchang, China’s first bank. They 37 (stun) by the ancient wisdom. In Linfen, the Taosi Relics Site presented a 4,000-year-old city and the world’s earliest observatory (天文台), a “civilizational wonder” in the eyes of a Pakistani student. The final stop was Yuncheng, home to the Haizhou Guandi Temple and Yongle Palace with its 38 (strike) 700-year-old murals (壁画). Overseas visitors were deeply impressed by Shanxi’s culture. Nigerian blogger Oluwabunmi-Henry Jimoh planned 39 (share) Guan Gong’s spirit in Nigeria, while Irish blogger Luke O’Farrell gained a deeper understanding of Chinese cultural roots. Through this tour, Shanxi’s 40 (abundance) heritage crossed borders, letting the world 41 (true) understand and appreciate this ancient land. 【答案】 32．brought 33．a 34．exploration 35．for 36．where 37．were stunned 38．striking 39．to share 40．abundant 41．truly 【解析】文章主要讲述山西古建筑主题海外探访活动及中外文化交流成果。 32．考查动词时态。句意：2025年10月中旬，一场名为“发现中国山西古建筑”的特别之旅将海外研究人员、博主、留学生和记者带到了山西，一个被誉为中华文明发源地的省份。时间状语In mid-October 2025表示过去的具体时间，应用一般过去时，空处作句子谓语，应用过去式brought。 33．考查冠词。句意：2025年10月中旬，一场名为“发现中国山西古建筑”的特别之旅将海外研究人员、博主、留学生和记者带到了山西，一个被誉为中华文明发源地的省份。空后province是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个省份”，province以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 34．考查名词。句意：在相关部门的支持下，由山西日报和中国日报业务发展部联合主办，该团队对太原、晋中、临汾和运城进行了一次探索，通过镜头和文字体验该省千年的魅力。空处位于不定冠词an之后，作动词carried out的宾语，应用explore的名词形式exploration“探索”。 35．考查介词。句意：山西有超过28000座古建筑，占全国总量的10.6%。固定搭配account for表示“（数量、比例上）占”，空处用介词for。 36．考查定语从句。句意：旅程始于太原晋祠博物馆，法国博主Mathieu Mylene在那里感觉像“穿越回1000年前”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Jinci Museum，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 37．考查动词时态语态。句意：他们被这种古老的智慧所震撼。主语They和动词stun“使震惊”之间是被动关系，且文章叙述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为They，be动词用were，stun的过去分词为stunned。 38．考查形容词。句意：最后一站是运城，这里有解州关帝庙和永乐宫，永乐宫拥有其震撼人心的700年历史的壁画。空处修饰名词murals，应用形容词striking作定语，表示“引人注目的，震撼的”。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：尼日利亚博主Oluwabunmi-Henry Jimoh计划在尼日利亚分享关公精神，而爱尔兰博主Luke O’Farrell对中国文化根源有了更深的理解。固定搭配plan to do sth.表示“计划做某事”，空处应用不定式to share作宾语。 40．考查形容词。句意：通过这次旅行，山西丰富的遗产跨越国界，让世界真正了解和欣赏这片古老的土地。空处修饰名词heritage，应用形容词abundant作定语，表示“丰富的”。 41．考查副词。句意：通过这次旅行，山西丰富的遗产跨越国界，让世界真正了解和欣赏这片古老的土地。空处修饰动词understand and appreciate，应用副词truly作状语，表示“真正地”。 四、应用文写作 42． 假定你是李华，你校英语报正在征稿，主题为：学习力（learning power）赋能高三英语学习。 图1展示了学习力六要素结构组成，请从中选出你认为最重要的一项要素，写一篇英文短文投稿，内容包括： （1）解释该要素为何对高三英语学习至关重要； （2）提出培养该要素的两点具体建议或做法。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Editor, I’d like to share my understanding on English learning power. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Editor,       I’d like to share my understanding on English learning power.       Among the six elements of learning power, I attach great importance to innovation, covering critical thinking and divergence-seeking. For Senior Three students faced with heavy study tasks, it frees us from mechanical memorization and enables us to analyze reading materials and polish compositions in creative ways.       To improve this ability, we ought to raise our own questions while reading passages rather than follow answers blindly. What’s more, we can practise using various expressions in writing instead of copying fixed sentence patterns. Only in this way can we make steady progress in English. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 本篇书面表达要求考生就学校英语报“学习力（learning power）赋能高三英语学习”主题活动写一篇短文投稿。 1.词汇积累 重要性：importance→significance 面临：be faced with→be confronted with 创新的：creative→innovative 照抄：copy→imitate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Among the six elements of learning power, I attach great importance to innovation, covering critical thinking and divergence-seeking. 拓展句：Among the six elements of learning power, I attach great importance to innovation, which covers critical thinking and divergence-seeking. 【高分句型1】To improve this ability, we ought to raise our own questions while reading passages rather than follow answers blindly. (运用了状语从句的省略。) 【高分句型2】Only in this way can we make steady progress in English.(运用了Only+状语放句首引起的部分倒装。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $