精品解析：天津市第四十七中学2026-2027第一学期高三年级第一次阶段性检测 英语试卷

天津市第四十七中学2026—2027第一学期高三年级 第一次阶段性检测 英语试卷 第Ⅰ卷（共三部分；满分115分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will the man do next Monday? A. Attend a festival. B. Make a speech. C. Borrow a book 2. What language can Mrs. Black speak and write? A. French. B. German. C. Chinese. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. At a clothing shop. B. At a barber’s shop. C. At a tailor’s shop 4. What is the woman trying to do? A. Finish some writing. B. Print an article. C. Enjoy some music. 5. Who is the man most probably going to work with? A. Pre-school kids. B. The disabled. C. Teenagers. 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面3段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟；听完后。各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题 6. How did Jack go to school when he was a child? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. 7. What is Jack’s attitude toward parents driving their kids to school? A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding. 8. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman? A. Overprotecting their children. B. Pushing their children too hard. C. Having no time for their children. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. How much food is wasted each year in the world? A. 1.3 billion tons. B. 1 billion tons. C. 88 million tons 10. Where does food waste in Europe mostly come from? A. Restaurants. B. Households. C. Schools. 11. How much food waste has been reduced in the student’s city? A. 53% B. 25% C. 13% 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A What Amy’s sports life is like. B. How ice skating affects Amy’s early life. C. Why Amy became a successful ice skater. 13. What did Amy do at university? A. She spent little time on ice skating. B. She practised a lot to become a dancer. C. She has outstanding academic performance. 14·Why did Amy doubt her ability to win competitions as a teenager? A. She annoyed too many people. B. She was not confident about herself. C. She needed to improve her technique. 15. How does Amy feel about her retirement from ice skating? A. Pleased. B. Regretful. C. Uncertain. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. Jim can’t forget the scene in the movie ________ the hunter chased the strange animal on his own. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. — The actor ________ in the news has excellent performance in his new film. — That’s ________ I don’t agree. I think his expression is fake in the film. A. mentioned; where B. mentioning; how C. mention; when D. mentioned; what 3. Scientists have found solid evidence to support the old theory, but it will be more years ________ they can apply it in practice. A. before B. when C. after D. since 4. By the end of this year, we ________ this challenging project successfully. A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. have been completing C. have completed D. have been completing 5. ________ strong leadership skills from the very first week, he was the first appointed manager to take charge of the research team. A. To demonstrate B. Having demonstrated C. Demonstrating D. Demonstrated 6. We ________ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 7. All the changes will lead to a better Peking University, ________ that can surprise and inspire all the alumni. A. the one B. one C. it D. that 8. You’d better keep silent at the meeting, for you know ________. A. loose lips sink ships B. speech is silver C. no pains, no gains D. every coin has two sides 9. — We got through the most difficult stage of life with our friends’ help. — ________. Those days are gone. A. That’s terrible B. No hurry C. You said it D. Keep it up 10. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story. A. bring out B. find out C. leave out D. make out 11. In London, people always take umbrellas with them _______ the change of weather. A. in case of B. in favor of C. in spite of D. in praise of 12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. bless D. shelter 13. The professor was _______ of stealing his student’s ideas and publishing them. A. robbed B. accused C. cured D. convinced 14. —The new device, though technically ________, was too expensive for most customers and did not sell well in stores. A. superior B. plain C. primary D. proper 15. There are some obvious disadvantages of the measures, which ________ result in data loss. A. immorally B. desperately C. deliberately D. potentially 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born ____16____. Human brains ____17____ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a/an ____18____ he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to ____19____. So the second factor is what happens to the individual — the sort of ____20____ in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is ____21____ that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is ____22____. The importance of environment in ____23____ an individual’s intelligence can be ____24____ by the case history of the identical twins, Peter arid Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at ____25____, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in ____26____ foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated ____27____ with poor ____28____ opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was ____29____ to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every ____30____ to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued ____31____ the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to ____32____ their intelligence. Mark’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the ____33____ and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. ____34____ the equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at ____35____ the same level. 16. A. to B. with C. in D. by 17. A. differ B. dislike C. resemble D. contradict 18. A. idea B. mind C. brain D. head 19. A. grow B. experience C. practice D. learn 20. A. environment B. family C. condition D. school 21. A. likely B. unlikely C. probably D. surely 22. A. available B. accessible C. capable D. possible 23. A. assessing B. changing C. evaluating D. determining 24. A. displayed B. demonstrated C. understood D. researched 25. A. first B. birth C. least D. last 26. A. selected B. divided C. remote D. separate 27. A. apartment B. courtyard C. community D. enclosure 28. A. equal B. intellectual C. social D. educational 29. A. read B. cared C. taught D. written 30. A. instruction B. guidance C. opportunity D. time 31. A. unless B. after C. until D. before 32. A. measure B. find C. count D. recognize 33. A. ordinary B. average C. usual D. normal 34. A. Giving B. Given C. Supposing D. Supposed 35. A. totally B. obviously C. exactly D. roughly 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Do you find that during peak times — evenings and weekends — your internet is slower or buffering (缓冲) more? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? However, now there’s a new device that solves this and many more frustrating Wi-Fi problems! How exactly does the invention work? Plug a Wi-Fi XtraBoost device into any socket, and that will all change soon. Wi-Fi XtraBoost is essentially two cutting-edge Wi-Fi routers and a powerful amplifier (放大器), all in one tiny box. It works by receiving your existing Wi-Fi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super-amplified Wi-Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beams (横梁) — no problem! In short, you get WAY faster and stronger internet, even during peak times, and even in previous Wi-Fi “dead spots” around your home. What features does the Wi-Fi XtraBoost have? ●Compatible (兼容的) with any internet brand or router ●A big transfer rate of up to 300Mbps ●Easy installation ●No installation CD necessary ●Universal applicability You need a Wi-Fi XtraBoost if you suffer: ●Slow internet despite full Wi-Fi reception ●Weak Wi-Fi speed when leaving the room ●Bad Skype or Facetime quality ●Wi-Fi “dead spots” in your home ●Brick or concrete walls in your property ●Unsatisfactory download or upload times Why should I buy a Wi-Fi XtraBoost now? Right now Wi-Fi XtraBoost is heavily discounted to raise product awareness. It’s now only $49 (was $99), a great price for a device that gives you so much. However, once the promo is over, it’s only going to get more expensive. Delivery takes only a few days if you are ordering in China. For the best price order your Wi-Fi XtraBoost from the supplier’s website. SPECIAL PROMOTION: for a limited time, get 50% off and free shipping! 36. What is Wi-Fi XtraBoost? A. A software that improves internet speed. B. A new type of socket for better internet connection. C. A device that boosts the existing Wi-Fi signal. D. A special cable for transmitting Wi-Fi signals. 37. Which of the following is not the advantage of Wi-Fi XtraBoost according to the passage? A. Signals can be amplified to go through walls and floors. B. It is easy to install with any CD recorder. C. It can reach a large transfer rate of up to 300Mbps. D. It is compatible with any internet brand or router. 38. For what reason is Wi-Fi XtraBoost necessary at your home? A. To detect Wi-Fi dead spots in the house. B. To boost reliance on video software. C. To reduce the cost of internet service. D. To ensure stable connection during peak hours. 39. How can people get a Wi-Fi XtraBoost at the best price? A. Purchase directly at any local electronics store. B. Wait until future promotion discounts. C. Call the customer service for extra savings. D. Order now from the supplier online with free shipping. 40. Where can this article most probably be found? A. A telecom website. B. An economic journal. C. A product brochure. D. A technology blog. B This year, like lots of other people, I’m going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It’s not the first time that I’ve promised myself this. Being a milliner (女帽制造商), and an all-round crafty type, I’ve often thought I should put my money where my mouth is (说到做到). But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight. I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country — making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople — sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I’d pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I’d go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response. My tasks ranged from sewing hats to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about making hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains. I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a local group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing by the week. Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick. Sue Pilchard is curator (管理者) of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she’ll be putting on the museum’s first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting reflects how we are redefining ourselves. “There’s certainly a movement, towards a new way of family life. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It’s 40 years since the first women’s liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we’ve been in the workplace, and we’ve had the opportunity of choice. Now we’re deliberately choosing to go back into the home.” Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic gift in everyone. Whether it’s baking mince pies or decking the halls, we’re all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out (慷慨解囊) and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols (圣诞歌), settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You’ll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too! 41. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly because ________ A. she wanted to save money. B. she couldn’t afford to buy one. C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program. D. A lot of people make presents themselves. 42. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain? A. Late Autumn. B. Late Summer. C. Spring. D. Winter. 43. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author’s trip to Britain? A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain. B. She attended the first women’s liberation conference held in Oxford. C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune. D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves. 44. According to the passage, through crafting people learn to ________. A. appreciate the efforts in handmade things. B. keep up with fashion. C. stick to something interesting. D. understand craft better. 45. What is the author’s view on homemade Christmas presents? A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love. B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present. C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make, preparations. D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents. C When it came to design, Steve Jobs lived Apple’s “Think Different” mantra (信条). Many major corporations use design to benefit their bottom lines, but Apple’s entire ethos was design. And it was hardwired in Jobs. Even when he was heading NeXT, the educational-computer company he founded, product and graphic design drove his strategy. He went so far as to get special dispensation (授权) from IBM to commission the NeXT logo from Paul Rand, designer of the IBM, ABC, and Westinghouse logos. When Jobs returned to Apple, he took its design to new levels, profoundly influencing the look of 21st-century computer technology. Apple products became designers’ best friends, forever altering the practice of everything from graphic design to architecture by placing production power in the hands of creators. Jobs realized that creative people were not simply his primary customers, they were the willing propagandists of the brand. He so keenly understood his end users, and treated them with respect, that they went forth and exponentially multiplied. Jobs integrated a range of designers into all aspects of the company — from hardware to software, from product to package, from corporate identity to advertising. He found roles for graphic, industrial, interior, and user-experience designers. Jobs never slavishly (盲目地) reacted to the market’s fickle whims (率性) or wants; he accepted that his role was to educate people to the potential of personal technology and enhance their appreciation of design. He used design to alter behavior and consequently altered his users’ behavior through innovative design. Unlike many other tech companies, design was the engine in Jobs’s world. Designers were not injected as foreign organisms into the middle or end of the conceptual and engineering process, after the engineers and marketers did the meaningful work. Jobs was an equal-opportunity design patron. He never distinguished, as many brand companies do, between high and low design for high-end and low-end markets. One brand fit all. Apple did not hide a discount sub-brand behind tasteless graphics — although fair discounts offered to educators and some professions were routinely available. Every customer got the same logo, package, and product. Design was not used to mask shoddy goods or inflate prices. Jobs’s sense of quality was legend. He instilled his designers with extra pride. Likewise it was expected that every Apple customer would experience pride of ownership. From the boxes in which adapters and earbuds were sold to the look of the apps that are now so ubiquitous, the end user expected the best, the clearest, the cleanest. And what about those Apple stores? Part museum, part retail mall — with great shopping bags, too. Rarely has design been so valued by a corporate CEO, and rarely is design’s value so inextricably tied to the reputation of a corporation. Jobs was a holistic designer — everything, everywhere, was designed well. And that is the essence of thinking different. 46. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Steve Jobs ________. A. used design to make profits B. infused NeXT with the concept of design C. convinced Paul Rand to join his company D. designed Apple’s products in person 47. Jobs’s attitude towards creative customers is ________. A. apprehensive B. indifferent C. respectful D. grateful 48. According to Paragraph 3, Jobs’s concept of design ________. A. was always catering for the favors of the public B. aimed to cultivate customers’ potential of graphic design C. was embodied in every aspect of his company D. had largely affected users’ buying intentions 49. Which of the following is true of Jobs’s equal-opportunity design? A. Every Apple user can own the products of the same level. B. Apple designed sub-brand products for some users. C. Its aim is to lift the overall prices of Apple products. D. Apple provides every customer with the best product. 50. Which of the following is the text mainly about? A. Steve Jobs treated every customer as equal. B. The creative design concept of Jobs has changed our world. C. Apple product is one of the best commodities nowadays. D. How Jobs developed his concept of design. D Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an inevitable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested,however,that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be incorrect. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.” This image of the pre-rational world is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine of natural selection. This doctrine, which takes for granted that those species best able to adapt to and master the natural environment in which they live will survive, has suggested that the struggle for survival is an inherent human trait which determines a person’s success. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest” — a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest.” Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition as opposed to other values, such as cooperation — by various cultures, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, inevitable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 51. What does the author think is easy to see in many areas of contemporary life? A. The disagreement on the inevitability of competition. B. The consequence of psychological investigation. C. The effect of human drives. D. The impact of competition. 52. According to psychology, what do people strive to do following the initial stage of their life? A. Fulfill individual needs without incurring adverse effects of human drives. B. Indulge in cultural pursuits while keeping their base impulses at bay. C. Gain extensive recognition without exposing pure indulgence. D. Satisfy their own desires while observing social conventions. 53. What do we learn about the “natural world” characterized by Thomas Hobbes? A. It gets misrepresented by philosophers and anthropologists. B. It gets distorted in Darwin’s The Origin of Species. C. It is free from the rational intervention of humans. D. It is the pre-rational world rarely appreciated nowadays. 54. What can we conclude from Darwin’s assertion in The Origin of Species? A. All species inherently depend on others for survival. B. Struggles for survival do not exclude mutual support. C. Competition weighs as much as cooperation as a survival strategy. D. The strongest species proves to be the fittest in natural selection. 55. What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach after studying dozens of different cultures? A. It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B. Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C. Competition is relatively more prevalent in Western societies. D. People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共35分） 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 It turns out patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts hub, showcasing his series titled Dispositions, charcoal sketches (炭笔素描) of the human body as a metaphor for his own transformation during adolescence. Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition (评审展览), where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit an obstacle, discovering that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection stimulates his creation. “There was a void in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, Nalin founded in 2023 Little ‘EGG Gallery, a commercial studio specially for underage artists. The gallery, which is now profitable enough to break even, charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talents by showcasing their work. Not long after opening, Ontario College of Art and Design University professor and artist David Griffin stumbled upon the gallery while taking a casual walk with his wife in their neighbourhood. An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Nalin’s own work was on the walls. Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood that he was speaking with someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea, which was to provide a space for showing the local community the easy, natural genius of young people.” A connection was formed, and Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled Pokemon. 56. What mainly drove Nalin to start Little EGG Gallery? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. How does Little ‘EGG Gallery financially support itself? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in paragraph 4 mean? (No more than 2 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Should we follow rules or challenge them when they block creativity? Explain in your own words. (No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是李津，你的英国朋友Chris打算携家人一起来中国天津参观拜访。他来信希望你能给他一些推荐。请你给他回信，并从以下四个选项中选择你最喜欢的两个，推荐给他。 古文化街 the Ancient Culture Street 杨柳青年画 Yangliuqing New Year Paintings 天津历史博物馆 Tianjin History Museum 泥人张 Clay Figure Zhang 要点如下： （1）你的两个推荐； （2）你的推荐理由； （3）请Chris也给你推荐一些他家乡的景点。 注意：（1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津市第四十七中学2026—2027第一学期高三年级 第一次阶段性检测 英语试卷 第Ⅰ卷（共三部分；满分115分） 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What will the man do next Monday? A. Attend a festival. B. Make a speech. C. Borrow a book 2. What language can Mrs. Black speak and write? A. French. B. German. C. Chinese. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. At a clothing shop. B. At a barber’s shop. C. At a tailor’s shop 4. What is the woman trying to do? A. Finish some writing. B. Print an article. C. Enjoy some music. 5. Who is the man most probably going to work with? A. Pre-school kids. B. The disabled. C. Teenagers. 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 听下面3段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟；听完后。各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题 6. How did Jack go to school when he was a child? A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By bus. 7. What is Jack’s attitude toward parents driving their kids to school? A. Disapproving. B. Encouraging. C. Understanding. 8. What is the problem with some parents according to the woman? A. Overprotecting their children. B. Pushing their children too hard. C. Having no time for their children. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. How much food is wasted each year in the world? A. 1.3 billion tons. B. 1 billion tons. C. 88 million tons 10. Where does food waste in Europe mostly come from? A. Restaurants. B. Households. C. Schools. 11. How much food waste has been reduced in the student’s city? A. 53% B. 25% C. 13% 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A What Amy’s sports life is like. B. How ice skating affects Amy’s early life. C. Why Amy became a successful ice skater. 13. What did Amy do at university? A. She spent little time on ice skating. B. She practised a lot to become a dancer. C. She has outstanding academic performance. 14·Why did Amy doubt her ability to win competitions as a teenager? A. She annoyed too many people. B. She was not confident about herself. C. She needed to improve her technique. 15. How does Amy feel about her retirement from ice skating? A. Pleased. B. Regretful. C. Uncertain. 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. Jim can’t forget the scene in the movie ________ the hunter chased the strange animal on his own. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：吉姆无法忘记电影中的那一幕，猎人独自追逐那只奇怪的动物。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the scene，定语从句中主谓宾结构完整，不缺主语和宾语，先行词the scene在从句中作抽象的地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。 2. — The actor ________ in the news has excellent performance in his new film. — That’s ________ I don’t agree. I think his expression is fake in the film. A. mentioned; where B. mentioning; how C. mention; when D. mentioned; what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——新闻中提到的那位演员在他的新电影中表现出色。——那是我不同意的地方。我认为他在电影中的表情很假。第一空，名词actor与动词mention之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，故使用过去分词mentioned作后置定语。第二空引导表语从句，从句缺少抽象的地点状语，表示“在这一点上”。That’s where I don’t agree. 意为“那是我不同意的地方”。 3. Scientists have found solid evidence to support the old theory, but it will be more years ________ they can apply it in practice. A. before B. when C. after D. since 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：科学家们已经找到了支持这个旧理论的可靠证据，但还需要很多年他们才能将其应用于实践。A. before在……之前；B. when当……时；C. after在……之后；D. since自从。题干中包含重点句型It will be + 一段时间 + before...，意为“要过多久才……”。 4. By the end of this year, we ________ this challenging project successfully. A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. have been completing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：到今年年底，我们将成功完成这个具有挑战性的项目。句中带有时间状语“By the end of this year（到今年年底）”，表示到将来某个时间点为止将会完成的动作，主句应使用将来完成时，其结构为“will have+过去分词”。 C. have completed D. have been completing 5. ________ strong leadership skills from the very first week, he was the first appointed manager to take charge of the research team. A. To demonstrate B. Having demonstrated C. Demonstrating D. Demonstrated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：从第一周起就展现出了很强的领导能力，他是第一个被任命负责研究团队的经理。句中主语he与动词demonstrate（展现）之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且demonstrate的动作发生在谓语动词was之前，故应使用现在分词的完成式Having demonstrated作状语。 6. We ________ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们本来可以一起面对困难，但是你为什么没告诉我？根据why didn’t you tell me可知，“一起面对困难”这件事实际上并没有发生，只是对过去的希望，所以空空处应使用“情态动词+ have done”表虚拟语气，表达“本可以做某事，但未做成”含义，用“could have done”。 7. All the changes will lead to a better Peking University, ________ that can surprise and inspire all the alumni. A. the one B. one C. it D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：所有的改变都将造就一个更好的北京大学，一个能让所有校友感到惊喜和振奋的北京大学。空格处填入的代词作前面“a better Peking University”的同位语。因为“a better Peking University”是泛指，故需用泛指代词one来指代，表示“一个……的大学”，其后带有that引导的定语从句进行修饰。the one表特指；it指代上文提到的同一事物；that常用于特指同类事物。 8. You’d better keep silent at the meeting, for you know ________. A. loose lips sink ships B. speech is silver C. no pains, no gains D. every coin has two sides 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查习语。句意：你最好在会上保持沉默，因为你知道，祸从口出。A. loose lips sink ships祸从口出；B. speech is silver沉默是金；C. no pains, no gains不劳无获；D. every coin has two sides凡事皆有两面性。题目建议在会议上保持沉默，因此后半句需说明原因——祸从口出。故选A项。 9. — We got through the most difficult stage of life with our friends’ help. — ________. Those days are gone. A. That’s terrible B. No hurry C. You said it D. Keep it up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——在朋友的帮助下，我们度过了人生中最困难的阶段。——你说得对。那些日子已经过去了。A. That’s terrible太糟糕了；B. No hurry别急；C. You said it你说得对；D. Keep it up继续努力。根据空后的“Those days are gone.”可知，说话人对对方所说表达一种感慨或认同，You said it“你说得对”表示赞同对方的说法，引出后面的感慨。故选C。 10. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story. A. bring out B. find out C. leave out D. make out 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师再次强调，学生在复述故事时不应该遗漏任何重要细节。A. bring out使显现；B. find out查明；C. leave out遗漏；D. make out辨认出。根据“while retelling the story”以及“any important details”可知，复述故事不能漏掉重要细节。 11. In London, people always take umbrellas with them _______ the change of weather. A. in case of B. in favor of C. in spite of D. in praise of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在伦敦，人们总会随身带雨伞，以防天气发生变化。A. in case of以防；B. in favor of支持；C. in spite of尽管；D. in praise of赞扬。根据“take umbrellas with them”以及“the change of weather”可知，带伞是为了防备天气变化。 12. Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. bless D. shelter 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：那些患有头痛的人会发现这种药能缓解他们的疼痛。A. relief缓解；B. safety安全；C. bless祝福；D. shelter庇护所。结合“Those who suffer from headache”和“medicine”可知，药物可以起到的效果是让患有头痛的人得到“缓解”。 13. The professor was _______ of stealing his student’s ideas and publishing them. A. robbed B. accused C. cured D. convinced 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位教授被指控窃取学生的想法并将其发表。A. robbed抢劫；B. accused指控；C. cured治愈；D. convinced使确信。结合空后的“of stealing his student’s ideas and publishing them”可知，accused“指控”符合题意，构成固定搭配accuse sb. of doing sth.“指控某人做某事”，表示“被指控窃取学生的想法并将其发表”。 14. —The new device, though technically ________, was too expensive for most customers and did not sell well in stores. A. superior B. plain C. primary D. proper 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这种新设备虽然在技术上更胜一筹，但对大多数顾客来说太贵了，在商店里卖得不好。A. superior优越的；更高级的；B. plain平庸的，普通的；C. primary基本的，初级的；D. proper合适的，正确的。根据though可知，前后为转折关系，后文说太贵了不好卖，可推测前面说这个产品在技术方面是高级的。 15. There are some obvious disadvantages of the measures, which ________ result in data loss. A. immorally B. desperately C. deliberately D. potentially 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这些措施有一些明显的缺点，可能会导致数据丢失。A. immorally不道德地；B. desperately绝望地；C. deliberately故意地；D. potentially可能地。措施有明显的缺点，这些缺点“潜在地”或“可能”导致数据丢失。 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born ____16____. Human brains ____17____ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a/an ____18____ he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to ____19____. So the second factor is what happens to the individual — the sort of ____20____ in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is ____21____ that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is ____22____. The importance of environment in ____23____ an individual’s intelligence can be ____24____ by the case history of the identical twins, Peter arid Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at ____25____, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in ____26____ foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated ____27____ with poor ____28____ opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was ____29____ to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every ____30____ to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued ____31____ the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to ____32____ their intelligence. Mark’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the ____33____ and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. ____34____ the equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at ____35____ the same level. 16. A. to B. with C. in D. by 17. A. differ B. dislike C. resemble D. contradict 18. A. idea B. mind C. brain D. head 19. A. grow B. experience C. practice D. learn 20. A. environment B. family C. condition D. school 21. A. likely B. unlikely C. probably D. surely 22. A. available B. accessible C. capable D. possible 23. A. assessing B. changing C. evaluating D. determining 24. A. displayed B. demonstrated C. understood D. researched 25. A. first B. birth C. least D. last 26. A. selected B. divided C. remote D. separate 27. A. apartment B. courtyard C. community D. enclosure 28. A. equal B. intellectual C. social D. educational 29. A. read B. cared C. taught D. written 30. A. instruction B. guidance C. opportunity D. time 31. A. unless B. after C. until D. before 32. A. measure B. find C. count D. recognize 33. A. ordinary B. average C. usual D. normal 34. A. Giving B. Given C. Supposing D. Supposed 35. A. totally B. obviously C. exactly D. roughly 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了影响个体智力的两大因素及环境的作用。 【16题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：第一个因素是他天生的那种大脑。A. to到；B. with具有；C. in在……里面；D. by通过。结合语境可推知，这里表示天生的大脑类型，be born with是固定短语，意为“天生具有”。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类的大脑有很大的差异，有些比其他的更有能力。A. differ不同；B. dislike不喜欢；C. resemble相似；D. contradict反驳。根据后文“some being more capable than others”可知，人类大脑之间有很大差异。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是不管一个人一开始的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平会很低。A. idea想法；B. mind思维；C. brain大脑；D. head头。根据前文“There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born ____1____ .”可知，大脑对智力有影响，这里指一个人一开始的大脑情况。故选C。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是不管一个人一开始的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平会很低。A. grow成长；B. experience经历；C. practice练习；D. learn学习。根据后文“If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is ____6____ that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is ____7____ .”可知，环境对智力发展有影响，所以说这里说除非有机会学习，智力水平才会提高。故选D。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以第二个因素是个体所经历的——他成长的环境类型。A. environment环境；B. family家庭；C. condition条件；D. school学校。根据后文“If an individual is handicapped environmentally”可知，这里说的是成长环境。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平。A. likely可能的；B. unlikely不可能的；C. probably可能地；D. surely肯定地。It is likely that...是固定句型，意为“很可能……”，这里需要形容词作表语，表示大脑很可能无法发育。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人在环境上有缺陷，他的大脑很可能无法发育，他将永远无法达到他所能达到的智力水平。A. available可获得的；B. accessible可接近的；C. capable有能力的；D. possible可能的。be capable of是固定短语，意为“有能力做某事”，这里指他本身具备的智力潜能。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：环境在决定一个人的智力方面的重要性可以通过同卵双胞胎彼得和马克的病例来证明。A. assessing评估；B. changing改变；C. evaluating评价；D. determining决定。根据前文“There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence.”可知，有两个因素决定一个人的智力，这里说环境在决定智力方面的重要性。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：环境在决定一个人的智力方面的重要性可以通过同卵双胞胎彼得和马克的病例来证明。A. displayed展示；B. demonstrated证明；C. understood理解；D. researched研究。根据空后“by the case history of the identical twins, Peter arid Mark.”可知，通过双胞胎的例子来证明环境对智力的影响。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为同卵双胞胎，他们出生时大脑是相同的，他们的成长过程也是一样的。A. first第一；B. birth出生；C. least最少；D. last最后。根据前文“Being identical”可知，双胞胎出生时大脑相同。at birth是固定短语，意为“出生时”。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当双胞胎三个月大的时候，他们的父母去世了，他们被安置在分开的寄养家庭。A. selected挑选的；B. divided分裂的；C. remote遥远的；D. separate分开的。根据后文“Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated ____12____ with poor ____13____ opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.”可知，他们被分别安置在不同的家庭，所以这里用形容词separate修饰foster homes。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得在一个孤立的社区里由智力低下的父母抚养长大，缺乏良好的教育机会。A. apartment公寓；B. courtyard庭院；C. community社区；D. enclosure围场。根据前文“Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated”可知，这里说彼得在一个孤立的社区里被抚养。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：彼得在一个孤立的社区里由智力低下的父母抚养长大，缺乏良好的教育机会。A. equal平等的；B. intellectual智力的；C. social社会的；D. educational教育的。根据前文“parents of low intelligence”可知，由智力低下的父母抚养长大，说明彼得缺乏良好的教育机会。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从小就有人给他读书，被送到好学校，并有各种机会激发他的智力。A. read阅读；B. cared关心；C. taught教导；D. written写。根据后文“sent to good schools”可知，送到好学校，说明马克有良好的早期教育，read to表示“读给……听”符合语境，说明从小就有人给他读书。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从小就有人给他读书，被送到好学校，并有各种机会激发他的智力。A. instruction指令；B. guidance指导；C. opportunity机会；D. time时间。根据前文“sent to good schools”可知，马克被送到好学校，所以他得到智力刺激的机会，与前文彼得缺乏机会形成对比。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十几岁的时候，当时他们接受了测试来衡量他们的智力。A. unless除非；B. after在……之后；C. until直到；D. before在……之前。根据空后“the twins were in their late teens,”可知，这里说环境差异持续到他们十几岁。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十几岁的时候，当时他们接受了测试来衡量他们的智力。A. measure衡量；B. find发现；C. count数数；D. recognize认出。根据后文“Mark’s IQ was 125”可知，测试的目的是衡量智力。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟高40分。A. ordinary普通的；B. average平均的；C. usual通常的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“fully forty points higher than his identical brother”可知，这里说马克的智商比平均水平高。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有平等的机会，这对拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试结果会完全相同。A. Giving给（现在分词）；B. Given给（过去分词）；C. Supposing假设（现在分词）；D. Supposed假设（过去分词）。这里用过去分词作状语，表示“如果被给相同的机会”。give和逻辑主语the twins之间为被动关系，所以用give的过去分词。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有平等的机会，这对拥有相同大脑的双胞胎的测试水平应该大致相同。A. totally完全地；B. obviously明显地；C. exactly确切地；D. roughly大致地。根据前文“the equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains”可知，大脑相同，如果有平等机会，测试结果会大致相同，不可能完全一样。故选D。 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Do you find that during peak times — evenings and weekends — your internet is slower or buffering (缓冲) more? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? However, now there’s a new device that solves this and many more frustrating Wi-Fi problems! How exactly does the invention work? Plug a Wi-Fi XtraBoost device into any socket, and that will all change soon. Wi-Fi XtraBoost is essentially two cutting-edge Wi-Fi routers and a powerful amplifier (放大器), all in one tiny box. It works by receiving your existing Wi-Fi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super-amplified Wi-Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beams (横梁) — no problem! In short, you get WAY faster and stronger internet, even during peak times, and even in previous Wi-Fi “dead spots” around your home. What features does the Wi-Fi XtraBoost have? ●Compatible (兼容的) with any internet brand or router ●A big transfer rate of up to 300Mbps ●Easy installation ●No installation CD necessary ●Universal applicability You need a Wi-Fi XtraBoost if you suffer: ●Slow internet despite full Wi-Fi reception ●Weak Wi-Fi speed when leaving the room ●Bad Skype or Facetime quality ●Wi-Fi “dead spots” in your home ●Brick or concrete walls in your property ●Unsatisfactory download or upload times Why should I buy a Wi-Fi XtraBoost now? Right now Wi-Fi XtraBoost is heavily discounted to raise product awareness. It’s now only $49 (was $99), a great price for a device that gives you so much. However, once the promo is over, it’s only going to get more expensive. Delivery takes only a few days if you are ordering in China. For the best price order your Wi-Fi XtraBoost from the supplier’s website. SPECIAL PROMOTION: for a limited time, get 50% off and free shipping! 36. What is Wi-Fi XtraBoost? A. A software that improves internet speed. B. A new type of socket for better internet connection. C. A device that boosts the existing Wi-Fi signal. D. A special cable for transmitting Wi-Fi signals. 37. Which of the following is not the advantage of Wi-Fi XtraBoost according to the passage? A. Signals can be amplified to go through walls and floors. B. It is easy to install with any CD recorder. C. It can reach a large transfer rate of up to 300Mbps. D. It is compatible with any internet brand or router. 38. For what reason is Wi-Fi XtraBoost necessary at your home? A. To detect Wi-Fi dead spots in the house. B. To boost reliance on video software. C. To reduce the cost of internet service. D. To ensure stable connection during peak hours. 39. How can people get a Wi-Fi XtraBoost at the best price? A. Purchase directly at any local electronics store. B. Wait until future promotion discounts. C. Call the customer service for extra savings. D. Order now from the supplier online with free shipping. 40. Where can this article most probably be found? A. A telecom website. B. An economic journal. C. A product brochure. D. A technology blog. 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍Wi‑Fi信号增强设备，讲解其工作原理、特点、适用场景以及促销信息。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据How exactly does the invention work?部分中“Wi‑Fi XtraBoost is essentially two cutting‑edge Wi‑Fi routers and a powerful amplifier (放大器), all in one tiny box. It works by receiving your existing Wi‑Fi signal, boosting it, and then transmitting the super‑amplified Wi‑Fi through anything: concrete walls, multiple floors and steel beams (横梁) — no problem!(Wi‑Fi XtraBoost本质上是两台尖端Wi‑Fi路由器加一个大功率放大器，全部集成在一个小盒子里。它接收你现有的Wi‑Fi信号，将其增强，然后把放大后的超强Wi‑Fi信号穿透各类物体：混凝土墙、多层楼板以及钢梁 —— 完全没有问题！)”可知，Wi‑Fi XtraBoost是一款增强现有Wi‑Fi信号的设备。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据What features does the Wi-Fi XtraBoost have?部分中“●No installation CD necessary(无需安装光盘)”可知，该设备不需要安装光盘，B选项“需要搭配光盘刻录机安装”表述错误，不属于它的优势。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you find that during peak times — evenings and weekends — your internet is slower or buffering (缓冲) more? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? However, now there’s a new device that solves this and many more frustrating Wi-Fi problems!(你是否发现高峰时段——晚上和周末，你的网速会变慢或者缓冲变多？这似乎不太公平，对不对？不过，现在有一款新设备可以解决这个以及其他许多令人恼火的Wi‑Fi 问题！)”以及How exactly does the invention work?部分中“In short, you get WAY faster and stronger internet, even during peak times, and even in previous Wi‑Fi “dead spots” around your home.(简而言之，即便是高峰时段，或是家中以前的Wi‑Fi“死角”，你都能获得更快、更强的网络。)”可知，家里需要该设备是为了保证高峰时段网络连接稳定。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For the best price order your Wi‑Fi XtraBoost from the supplier’s website. SPECIAL PROMOTION: for a limited time, get 50% off and free shipping!(想要拿到最优价格，请在供应商官网订购Wi‑Fi XtraBoost。特别促销：限时五折并且免运费！)”可知，人们现在可以在供应商网上下单，享受免运费优惠，拿到最优惠价格。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍一款产品的原理、性能、适用情况和促销售卖信息，这类内容最有可能出现在产品宣传手册上。 B This year, like lots of other people, I’m going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It’s not the first time that I’ve promised myself this. Being a milliner (女帽制造商), and an all-round crafty type, I’ve often thought I should put my money where my mouth is (说到做到). But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight. I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country — making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople — sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I’d pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I’d go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response. My tasks ranged from sewing hats to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about making hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains. I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a local group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing by the week. Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick. Sue Pilchard is curator (管理者) of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she’ll be putting on the museum’s first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting reflects how we are redefining ourselves. “There’s certainly a movement, towards a new way of family life. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It’s 40 years since the first women’s liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we’ve been in the workplace, and we’ve had the opportunity of choice. Now we’re deliberately choosing to go back into the home.” Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic gift in everyone. Whether it’s baking mince pies or decking the halls, we’re all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out (慷慨解囊) and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols (圣诞歌), settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You’ll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too! 41. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly because ________ A. she wanted to save money. B. she couldn’t afford to buy one. C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program. D. A lot of people make presents themselves. 42. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain? A. Late Autumn. B. Late Summer. C. Spring. D. Winter. 43. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author’s trip to Britain? A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain. B. She attended the first women’s liberation conference held in Oxford. C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune. D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves. 44. According to the passage, through crafting people learn to ________. A. appreciate the efforts in handmade things. B. keep up with fashion. C. stick to something interesting. D. understand craft better. 45. What is the author’s view on homemade Christmas presents? A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love. B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present. C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make, preparations. D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents. 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. D 【解析】 【导语】本文通过自身经历，介绍当下手工制作热度回升，人们愈发喜爱动手创作。手工不仅是潮流，也让人们懂得珍惜劳动与品质，还反映出人们生活观念的改变。作者鼓励大家动手制作简单的圣诞礼物，以此传递温情。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But this year I’m really going to stick to it. It’s partly that I’m short of cash, but also that I’ve recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into “make do and mend” for BBC2’s Newsnight.(但今年我真的要坚持做到。一方面是因为我手头拮据，另一方面，我刚结束一趟启发良多的英国之行，为英国广播公司二台《新闻之夜》栏目调研“修旧利废、物尽其用”的主题)”可知，作者今年承诺要自己制作一份圣诞礼物，主要是因为她受到BBC2节目旅行的启发。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task.(可当我敲定计划、踏上旅途的时候，脚下的落叶已经踩得沙沙作响。寒冬将至，再露营简直荒唐；于是《新闻之夜》的观众为我提供食宿，而我则要帮忙做手工活作为回报)”可知，作者去英国旅行的时间可能是在深秋。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“I was really struck by people’s growing enthusiasm for making things.(人们对手工制作日益高涨的热情让我感触很深)”可知，作者在英国旅行时发现许多人表现出对亲手制作的兴趣。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we’re learning to appreciate effort and quality again.(目前，手工艺确实正流行起来。但除了时尚之外，我们正在重新学会欣赏努力与品质)”可知，通过手工制作，人们可以学会欣赏手工艺品背后的努力。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether you agree with that or not, there’s something about Christmas that brings out the artistic gift in everyone.(无论你是否认同这一观点，圣诞节总能唤起每个人内心的艺术天赋)”可知，作者对自制圣诞礼物的看法是人们可以在制作圣诞礼物的过程中发现自己的艺术天赋。 C When it came to design, Steve Jobs lived Apple’s “Think Different” mantra (信条). Many major corporations use design to benefit their bottom lines, but Apple’s entire ethos was design. And it was hardwired in Jobs. Even when he was heading NeXT, the educational-computer company he founded, product and graphic design drove his strategy. He went so far as to get special dispensation (授权) from IBM to commission the NeXT logo from Paul Rand, designer of the IBM, ABC, and Westinghouse logos. When Jobs returned to Apple, he took its design to new levels, profoundly influencing the look of 21st-century computer technology. Apple products became designers’ best friends, forever altering the practice of everything from graphic design to architecture by placing production power in the hands of creators. Jobs realized that creative people were not simply his primary customers, they were the willing propagandists of the brand. He so keenly understood his end users, and treated them with respect, that they went forth and exponentially multiplied. Jobs integrated a range of designers into all aspects of the company — from hardware to software, from product to package, from corporate identity to advertising. He found roles for graphic, industrial, interior, and user-experience designers. Jobs never slavishly (盲目地) reacted to the market’s fickle whims (率性) or wants; he accepted that his role was to educate people to the potential of personal technology and enhance their appreciation of design. He used design to alter behavior and consequently altered his users’ behavior through innovative design. Unlike many other tech companies, design was the engine in Jobs’s world. Designers were not injected as foreign organisms into the middle or end of the conceptual and engineering process, after the engineers and marketers did the meaningful work. Jobs was an equal-opportunity design patron. He never distinguished, as many brand companies do, between high and low design for high-end and low-end markets. One brand fit all. Apple did not hide a discount sub-brand behind tasteless graphics — although fair discounts offered to educators and some professions were routinely available. Every customer got the same logo, package, and product. Design was not used to mask shoddy goods or inflate prices. Jobs’s sense of quality was legend. He instilled his designers with extra pride. Likewise it was expected that every Apple customer would experience pride of ownership. From the boxes in which adapters and earbuds were sold to the look of the apps that are now so ubiquitous, the end user expected the best, the clearest, the cleanest. And what about those Apple stores? Part museum, part retail mall — with great shopping bags, too. Rarely has design been so valued by a corporate CEO, and rarely is design’s value so inextricably tied to the reputation of a corporation. Jobs was a holistic designer — everything, everywhere, was designed well. And that is the essence of thinking different. 46. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Steve Jobs ________. A. used design to make profits B. infused NeXT with the concept of design C. convinced Paul Rand to join his company D. designed Apple’s products in person 47. Jobs’s attitude towards creative customers is ________. A. apprehensive B. indifferent C. respectful D. grateful 48. According to Paragraph 3, Jobs’s concept of design ________. A. was always catering for the favors of the public B. aimed to cultivate customers’ potential of graphic design C. was embodied in every aspect of his company D. had largely affected users’ buying intentions 49. Which of the following is true of Jobs’s equal-opportunity design? A. Every Apple user can own the products of the same level. B. Apple designed sub-brand products for some users. C. Its aim is to lift the overall prices of Apple products. D. Apple provides every customer with the best product. 50. Which of the following is the text mainly about? A. Steve Jobs treated every customer as equal. B. The creative design concept of Jobs has changed our world. C. Apple product is one of the best commodities nowadays. D. How Jobs developed his concept of design. 【答案】46. B 47. C 48. C 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了Jacob在苹果手机和电脑的设计上，践行了其“与众不同”的口号，将设计感贯彻到底，从硬件到软件，从产品到包装，都做到设计精美。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many major corporations use design to benefit their bottom lines, but Apple’s entire ethos was design. And it was hardwired in Jobs. Even when he was heading NeXT, the educational-computer company he founded, product and graphic design drove his strategy.(很多大公司利用设计来提高利润，但是苹果的整个精神就是设计，这是乔布斯与生俱来的。即使是在他创办的教育计算机公司NeXT，产品和平面设计推动了他的策略。)”可知，乔布斯在自己创办的教育计算机公司NeXT里，主要策略就是产品和平面设计，故他用设计的理念运用到创办的教育计算机公司NeXT里，故选B。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Jobs realized that creative people were not simply his primary customers, they were the willing propagandists of the brand. He so keenly understood his end users, and treated them with respect, that they went forth and exponentially multiplied.(乔布斯意识到，有创造力的人不只是他最开始的顾客，他们是品牌的志愿者宣传。他是如此地理解并尊重他的最终用户，以至于他们的数量在成倍增长。)”可知，乔布斯对于有创造力的顾客给予理解和尊重，因此顾客越来越多，故乔布斯对有创造力的客户的态度是尊重的，故选C。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Jobs integrated a range of designers into all aspects of the company—from hardware to software, from product to package, from corporate identity to advertising.(乔布斯将设计融入到公司各个方面的产品里，从硬件到软件，从产品到包装，从企业标识到广告。)”可知，乔布斯将设计融入到公司各个方面的产品里，故选C。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Jobs was an equal-opportunity design patron. He never distinguished, as many brand companies do, between high and low design for high-end and low-end markets. One brand fit all. Every customer got the same logo, package, and product.(乔布斯是一个机会均等的设计赞助人。对于高端市场和低端市场，他不会区别使用高端设计和地段设计。一个品牌适合所有的设计。每个顾客得到的是相同商标、相同包装的相同产品。)”可知，乔布斯是一个机会均等的设计赞助人，他保证每一个顾客获得的产品都是相同的，就连商标和包装都没有差异，故选A。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When it came to design, Steve Jobs lived Apple’s “Think Different” mantra(信条).(当谈到设计，乔布斯践行了苹果 “与众不同”的信条。)”和最后一段末“And what about those Apple stores? Part museum, part retail mall—with great shopping bags, too. Rarely has design been so valued by a corporate CEO, and rarely is design’s value so inextricably tied to the reputation of a corporation. Jobs was a holistic designer—everything, everywhere, was designed well. And that is the essence of thinking different.(这些苹果商店呢？部分博物馆，部分零售商也有了不错的购物袋。从来没有哪个设计能让CEO如此重视过，也没有哪个设计的价值与企业的名声紧密联系起来。乔布斯是一个彻底的设计者，每个地方，每一处都设计得很好。这也就是“与众不同”的本质。)”可知，本文主要围绕乔布斯践行苹果公司提出的“与众不同”的信条，将设计贯彻到底，因此改变了所有企业对于设计的态度，故本文主要讲述了乔布斯设计的创新理念改变了世界，故选B。 D Psychologists have long been in disagreement as to whether competition is a learned or a genetic component of human behavior. Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life. Psychologically speaking, competition has been seen as an inevitable consequence of human drives. According to Sigmund Freud, humans are born screaming for attention and full of organic drives for fulfillment in various areas. Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents. Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence. Current work in anthropology (人类学) has suggested,however,that this view of the role of competition in human behavior may be incorrect. Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.” This image of the pre-rational world is still widely held, reinforced by Charles Darwin’s highly influential work, The Origin of Species, which established the doctrine of natural selection. This doctrine, which takes for granted that those species best able to adapt to and master the natural environment in which they live will survive, has suggested that the struggle for survival is an inherent human trait which determines a person’s success. Darwin’s theory has even been summarized as “survival of the fittest” — a phrase Darwin himself never used-further highlighting competition’s role in success. As it has often been pointed out, however, there is nothing in the concept of natural selection that suggests that competition is the most successful strategy for “survival of the fittest.” Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation. Many studies have been conducted to test the importance placed on competition as opposed to other values, such as cooperation — by various cultures, and generally conclude that Americans uniquely praise competition as natural, inevitable, and desirable. In 1937, the world-renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead published Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, based on her studies of several societies that did not prize competition, and, in fact, seemed at times to place a negative value on it. One such society was the Zuni Indians of Arizona, and they, Mead found, valued cooperation far more than competition. After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it. 51. What does the author think is easy to see in many areas of contemporary life? A. The disagreement on the inevitability of competition. B. The consequence of psychological investigation. C. The effect of human drives. D. The impact of competition. 52. According to psychology, what do people strive to do following the initial stage of their life? A. Fulfill individual needs without incurring adverse effects of human drives. B. Indulge in cultural pursuits while keeping their base impulses at bay. C. Gain extensive recognition without exposing pure indulgence. D. Satisfy their own desires while observing social conventions. 53. What do we learn about the “natural world” characterized by Thomas Hobbes? A. It gets misrepresented by philosophers and anthropologists. B. It gets distorted in Darwin’s The Origin of Species. C. It is free from the rational intervention of humans. D. It is the pre-rational world rarely appreciated nowadays. 54. What can we conclude from Darwin’s assertion in The Origin of Species? A. All species inherently depend on others for survival. B. Struggles for survival do not exclude mutual support. C. Competition weighs as much as cooperation as a survival strategy. D. The strongest species proves to be the fittest in natural selection. 55. What conclusion did Margaret Mead reach after studying dozens of different cultures? A. It is characteristic of humans to be competitive. B. Americans are uniquely opposed to cooperation. C. Competition is relatively more prevalent in Western societies. D. People’s attitude towards competition is actually culture-bound. 【答案】51. D 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨竞争是人类先天遗传还是后天习得的行为，介绍了心理学、人类学相关观点及研究结论。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whatever it is, you cannot but recognize the effect competition is exerting in academics and many other areas of contemporary life.(不管竞争是先天的还是后天的，你都不得不承认竞争在学术领域和当代生活的许多其他方面所产生的影响。)”可知，作者认为在当代生活的诸多领域，竞争所带来的影响是显而易见的。故选D项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initially, we compete for the attention of our parents.Thereafter, we are at the mercy of a battle between our base impulses for self-fulfillment and social and cultural norms which prohibit pure indulgence.(起初，我们是为了吸引父母的注意而相互竞争。此后，我们便受制于追求自我实现的原始冲动与禁止纯粹放纵的社会文化规范之间的斗争。)”可知，心理学认为在人生初始阶段之后，人们会在满足自身欲望的同时，遵守社会的相关规范。故选D项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thomas Hobbes, one of the great philosophers of the seventeenth century, is perhaps best remembered for his characterization of the “natural world,” that is, the world before the imposition of the will of humanity, as being “nasty, brutish, and short.”(十七世纪的伟大哲学家之一托马斯·霍布斯，或许最令人铭记的是他将“自然世界”——即人类意志施加之前的世界——描述为“肮脏、粗野且短暂的”。)”可知，托马斯·霍布斯所描绘的“自然世界”是未受到人类理性干预的世界。故选C项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Darwin asserted in The Origin of Species that the struggles he was describing should be viewed as metaphors and could easily include dependence and cooperation.(达尔文在《物种起源》中声称，他所描述的生存斗争应被视为一种隐喻，其中也完全可以包含相互依赖与合作。)”可知，达尔文认为生存斗争并不排斥相互扶持与合作。故选B项。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After studying dozens of such cultures, Mead’s final conclusion was that competitiveness is a culturally created aspect of human behavior, and that its prevalence in a particular society is relative to how that society values it.(在研究了数十种这样的文化后，米德得出的最终结论是，竞争性是人类行为中由文化塑造的一面，它在某一特定社会中的普及程度与该社会对它的重视程度相关。)”可知，玛格丽特·米德的研究结论是人们对竞争的态度实际上受文化的制约。故选D项。 第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共35分） 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 It turns out patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts hub, showcasing his series titled Dispositions, charcoal sketches (炭笔素描) of the human body as a metaphor for his own transformation during adolescence. Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition (评审展览), where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit an obstacle, discovering that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection stimulates his creation. “There was a void in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, Nalin founded in 2023 Little ‘EGG Gallery, a commercial studio specially for underage artists. The gallery, which is now profitable enough to break even, charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talents by showcasing their work. Not long after opening, Ontario College of Art and Design University professor and artist David Griffin stumbled upon the gallery while taking a casual walk with his wife in their neighbourhood. An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Nalin’s own work was on the walls. Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood that he was speaking with someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea, which was to provide a space for showing the local community the easy, natural genius of young people.” A connection was formed, and Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled Pokemon. 56. What mainly drove Nalin to start Little EGG Gallery? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. How does Little ‘EGG Gallery financially support itself? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 58. What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in paragraph 4 mean? (No more than 2 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 59. What is the main idea of the 4th paragraph? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 60. Should we follow rules or challenge them when they block creativity? Explain in your own words. (No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. The wish to offer young artists chances. 57. By charging hanging and commission fees. 58. came across. 59. Nalin’s uniqueness impressed him a lot. 60. We should challenge rules when they block creativity. It may lead to new opportunities. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Nalin Kamat创立Little EGG Gallery为年轻艺术家提供展示机会的故事。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第三段“There was a void in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. (“艺术界存在一个空白，我想如果我能为更多年轻艺术家提供机会，那将非常酷，”现年15岁的Nalin说)”可知，为年轻艺术家提供机会的愿望驱使Nalin创办了Little EGG Gallery。故填The wish to offer young artists chances. 【57题详解】 考查细节理解题。根据第三段“The gallery, which is now profitable enough to break even, charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales.(这家画廊现在盈利颇丰，足以收支平衡，它对展出的任何作品收取少量的悬挂费，并对销售收取 15% 的佣金)”可知，画廊通过对展示的作品收取少量悬挂费以及对销售收取 15% 的佣金来维持经济运转。故填By charging hanging and commission fees. 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Not long after opening, Ontario College of Art and Design University professor and artist David Griffin stumbled upon the gallery while taking a casual walk with his wife in their neighbourhood. (开业不久，安大略艺术设计大学教授兼艺术家David Griffin在与妻子在附近散步时stumbled upon这个画廊)”可知，David Griffin和妻子在附近散步，推测他们是偶然发现了这个画廊，划线短语stumbled upon意为“偶然发现”，与came across意思相近。故填came across. 【59题详解】 考查主旨大意题。根据第四段“An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Nalin’s own work was on the walls. Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood that he was speaking with someone special: “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea, which was to provide a space for showing the local community the easy, natural genius of young people.” A connection was formed, and Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition.(当时正在举办一个展览，墙上挂着纳林自己的一些作品。见到Nalin后，Griffin说，他明白自己在和一个特别的人说话：“一个强大的年轻艺术家，有一个非常棒的想法，那就是为当地社区提供一个展示年轻人轻松、自然的天赋的空间。”两人建立了联系，Nalin请Griffin帮助评判即将到来的比赛)”可知，该段主要讲了Nalin的独特性给 Griffin留下了深刻印象。故填 Nalin’s uniqueness impressed him a lot. 【60题详解】 开放性试题。根据Nalin的经历可知，他因年龄限制不能参加评审展览，于是他挑战了这个规则，创办了专门为未成年艺术家服务的画廊，为更多年轻艺术家提供了机会。由此可推知，当规则阻碍创造力时，我们应该挑战规则，因为这可能会带来新的机会。故填We should challenge rules when they block creativity. It may lead to new opportunities. 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 61. 假设你是李津，你的英国朋友Chris打算携家人一起来中国天津参观拜访。他来信希望你能给他一些推荐。请你给他回信，并从以下四个选项中选择你最喜欢的两个，推荐给他。 古文化街 the Ancient Culture Street 杨柳青年画 Yangliuqing New Year Paintings 天津历史博物馆 Tianjin History Museum 泥人张 Clay Figure Zhang 要点如下： （1）你的两个推荐； （2）你的推荐理由； （3）请Chris也给你推荐一些他家乡的景点。 注意：（1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m overjoyed to learn that you and your family are coming to Tianjin. I’d love to recommend two amazing attractions for your trip. My first recommendation is the Ancient Culture Street. Lined with traditional shops, it offers various tasty local snacks and a strong sense of ancient Chinese culture. Besides, I highly recommend Clay Figure Zhang. Its delicate clay sculptures are lifelike, showing the superb skills of Chinese folk artists. You can even watch artists create works on the spot. I’m sure you will have an unforgettable experience here. Could you please recommend some tourist attractions in your hometown for me? Looking forward to your arrival. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生对于你的英国朋友Chris打算携家人一起来中国天津参观拜访并希望你能给他一些推荐这一情况，给他回封信，并从四个选项中选择最喜欢的两个，推荐给他并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 非常激动的：overjoyed→ thrilled 美味的：tasty→ delectable 展示：show→ demonstrate 出众的：superb→ remarkable 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’d love to recommend two amazing attractions for your trip. 拓展句：There are two fantastic attractions that I’d like to recommend for your visit. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m overjoyed to learn that you and your family are coming to Tianjin.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Lined with traditional shops, it offers various tasty local snacks and a strong sense of ancient Chinese culture.（运用了非谓语动词中的过去分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $