内容正文:
Unit 6 When disaster strikes
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1.摇动,摇撼;(使)颤动
2.(使)关(合)上,(使)关闭
3.继续前行
4.寻找,搜索,搜寻
Noun名词
5.地,地面
6.公共马车,四轮大马车
7.沙滩
8.洪水,水灾
9.(燃烧产生的)烟
10.一大批,一阵
11.专家
12.时间表
13.反应
14.航空公司
15.工作日
16.铁路,铁道
17.暴风雨
18.(车、船等的)交通服务,班次
19.祖国
Adjective形容词
20.不复存在的;不再拥有的
21.害怕的,恐惧的
22.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的
23.浓密的;混浊的
24.(有关)历史的
25.剧烈的;厉害的;非常严重的
Adverb副词
26.笔直地,成直线地
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Verb动词
1.感觉到,意识到
2.流血,出血
Noun名词
3.危险
4.海啸
5.警告,警示
6.幸存者
7.海岸
8.安全
9.时装业
10.牛仔裤
11.坏影响,阴影
12.火把;火炬
13.大学
14.荣幸,光荣
15.勇气,胆量,勇敢
16.伤痛,伤害
17.女主角,女主人公
18.(恶劣情况的)受害者;(疾病的)患者
Adjective形容词
19.即将来临的,即将发生的
20.苗条的,修长的
21.不舒服的
22.令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的
Pronoun代词
23.她自己
多重词性词
24.adj.极坚强的n.铁
二.重点短语背默
1.自然灾害
2.叫醒某人
3.闭上眼睛
4.从一边到另一边
5.拒绝做
6.留下某人(物),忘记带走某人(物)
7.使……变成……
8.充满了……
9.逃离……
10.数以千计的
11.爆发
12.搜索,检索
13.新闻报道
14.振奋某人的情绪
15.用……制成
16.引起某人的注意
17.曾经;过去(常常)
18.从(不良局面)中走出
19.发现自我
20.社交媒体
21.向前看;展望未来
22.最重要的是
23.经历;经受
三.重点句子背默
1.那天晚上,我正在睡觉,突然地面剧烈摇晃。
That night, I when the ground very .
2.我们继续前行,而乌云像洪水一样笼罩了大地。
We while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood.
3.人们在黑暗中努力寻找自己的家人。
People find their families in the dark.
4.所有东西都被灰烬覆盖,就像冬天的雪一样。
was in ash, like the snow in winter.
5.在希望和恐惧之间生活了一夜之后,我们对将要发生的事情没有任何想法。
After a night of living between hope and fear, we things to come.
6.随着时间的流逝,人们声音越来越大,变得越来越愤怒。
, people were becoming .
7.在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。
the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly of the shadows.
8.历经十年的艰难旅程,她重新找回了自我。
She the hard 10-year journey of finding again.
9.但这也是一个向人们展示勇敢的力量的好机会。
But it is also show people the of being .
10.灾难会带来创伤与痛苦,但我们应始终勇敢面对。
A can wounds and pain. But we should always face them with .
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:A lost city一座遗失的城市 (教材P85)
lost /lɒst/ adj.丢失的,遗失的
The two boys are searching for a ball.这两个男孩正在寻找一个丢失的球。
拓展
(1)[形容词]迷路的
get/be lost迷路
If you have a map, you won’t be afraid when you .如果你有一张地图,迷路时就不会感到害怕。
(2)lost还可作动词lose“丢失;失去”的过去式。
She her balance and fell down the stairs.她失去平衡,从楼梯上摔了下来。(东营中考)
考点2:My mother was so scared.我母亲非常害怕。(教材P85)
scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的,恐惧的
[形容词]表示人的感受。近义词为afraid。
be scared of(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared +(that)从句 担心……
She was very brave, but she the doctor.她很勇敢,但是她害怕医生。
Lucy go out alone at night.露西害怕晚上一个人出去。
I’m (that)I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。
拓展
scary[形容词]可怕的;恐怖的
常用于表示事物的特征。
I don’t like to see movies.我不喜欢看恐怖片。
考点3:She didn’t shut her eyes for even one second.她甚至一秒钟都没有合眼。(教材P85)
shut /ʃʌt/ v.(使)关上,(使)合上,(使)关闭
过去式和过去分词均为shut,动词-ing形式是shutting。
Philip went into his room and the door behind him.菲利普进了自己的房间,随手把门关上。
I heard his bedroom door .我听到他的卧室门关上了。
拓展
与shut相关的常见短语:
shut off 关闭;切断煤气(或水等)的供应
shut up 闭嘴 shut down 停业;倒闭
考点4:Just then, shocking things happened.就在那时,惊人的事情发生了。(教材P85)
shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的
辨析
shocking与shocked
shocking
惊人的,骇人的
常用来描述事物的特征,在句中可作表语或定语。
shocked
震惊的
常用来描述人的感受,在句中常作表语。be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊
Andy shared his discovery on the internet.安迪在网上分享了他的惊人发现。
We were all at the news of his death.听到他去世的消息,我们都感到震惊。
考点5:Our coach couldn’t go straight ahead.我们的马车无法直行。(教材P85)
coach /kəʊtʃ/ n.公共马车,四轮大马车
[可数名词]复数形式为coaches。
This is the old road.这是旧时的马车道。
拓展
【语境串记】The is going to the new football field by to players for the Olympics.那位教练打算乘长途汽车去新足球场训练运动员备战奥运会。
straight /streɪt/ adv.笔直地,成直线地
The book is on the table in front of you.那本书就在你面前的桌子上。
She was looking at me.她直直地看着我。
拓展
考点6:My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.母亲让我别管她,继续走,但我拒绝把她丢下。(教材P85)
【巧学妙记】
后可接动词不定式作宾语的动词
想要拒绝莫忘记 want、refuse、forget
需要努力就学习 need、try、learn
喜欢同意加帮助 like、agree、help
希望决定后开始 hope、decide、begin/start
leave behind留下;忘记带走
为“动词+副词”型短语。
I think I might have my wallet .我想我可能忘带钱包了。
拓展
leave behind的其他含义:
把……抛在后面
When you are busy with a hobby, you leave all your worries behind.当你忙于一项爱好
时,你会将所有的烦恼抛在后面。
落后
I was left behind in maths after I missed three classes.我数学缺了三节课后,就跟不上
了。
考点7:The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾,火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。(教材P85)
thick /θɪk/ adj.浓密的;混浊的
be thick with...充满……
black smoke rose over the city.浓浓的黑烟笼罩着这座城市。
The air was with dust.空气中弥漫着灰尘。
拓展
thick作形容词的其他常见用法:
smoke /sməʊk/ n.(燃烧产生的)烟
[不可数名词]
In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black .在城市里,人工智能被用于监测排放黑烟的汽车。
Where there is , there is fire.无火不生烟/无风不起浪。
拓展
(1)[及物动词]&[不及物动词]吸(烟);抽(烟)
He is a large cigar.他正抽着一支大雪茄。
He has a good living habit. He neither nor drinks.他生活习惯很好,既不抽烟也不喝酒。
(2)[不及物动词]冒烟
The factory chimneys are .工厂的烟囱正在冒烟。
shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n.一大批,一阵(在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西)
A of leaves fell towards the ground.落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。
拓展
shower的其他含义:
(1)[名词]淋浴;淋浴器;淋浴间
take/have a shower洗淋浴
I usually brush my teeth and at seven o’clock daily.我通常每天七点钟刷牙和洗淋浴。
I’d like to use the if that’s all right.如果可以的话,我想用一下淋浴间。
(2)[名词]阵雨;阵雪
There will be a heavy this afternoon.今天下午会有一阵大雨。
(3)[动词](洗)淋浴
He had already by the time his parents got home.父母到家时,他已经洗完澡了。
考点8:While they were walking along the river, a great storm broke out.当他们沿河边散步时,下起了大暴雨。(教材P87)
break out突然发生;爆发
不及物动词短语,不用于被动语态。
Do you know what to do if a fire ?如果发生火灾,你知道该怎么办吗?
Fighting between rival groups of fans.双方球迷发生了冲突。
拓展
含break的其他常见短语:
break away 突然离开,逃脱
break down 坏掉,出故障;打破
break off 中断,停顿;折断
break up(使)破裂;解散
break into 强行闯入
考点9: ... there was a heavy rainstorm, so all train services were stopped. ……由于大暴雨,所有火车停运。(教材P87)
service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n.服务
Xi’an is known as a centre for software research, development and .西安以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。
The food is nice, but I don’t like the there.食物很好,但我不喜欢那里的服务。
拓展
serve[动词](给某人)提供,端上;服务
serve sth. to sb.=serve sb. sth.招待某人吃/喝某物
Her job is to breakfast and lunch to teachers and students(=serve teachers and students breakfast and lunch).她的工作是为老师和学生提供早餐和午餐。
My father has that company for 20 years.我父亲在那家公司工作了20年。
考点10:That wonderful music by a student orchestra lifted our spirit and gave us hope.学生管弦乐队演奏的美妙音乐振奋了我们的情绪,给了我们希望。(教材P87)
spirit n.情绪;精神
(1)作“情绪”讲时,常用复数形式。
lift/raise one’s spirits 振奋某人的情绪
be in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落
The warm morning sun lifted our .早晨温暖的阳光使我们精神为之一振。
She is in low . Let’s cheer her up.她情绪低落。咱们让她振作起来吧。
(2)[可数名词]&[不可数名词]精神
Playing basketball teaches me the of teamwork and never giving up.打篮球教会我团队合作和永不放弃的精神。
考点11:In communities, loud alarms go off. 在社区,响亮的警报会响起。(教材P89)
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n.警报器
alarm为名词,常见含义有:
警报器
The cat set off the .猫碰响了警铃。
闹钟
My didn’t go off so I woke up late.我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒晚了。
go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响
为不及物动词短语,其后不可接宾语。
This morning the smoke alarm .今天早上烟雾警报器响了。
Did the alarm just now?闹钟刚刚响了吗?
拓展
go off的其他常见义项:
离开(尤指去做某事)
She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。
(质量)下降
His books have gone off in recent years.他近年来写的书质量下降了。
(电)中断;(电灯)熄灭
Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。
(食物、饮料)变质,变坏
Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。
考点12:Warning times for storms in China have been increased to 42 minutes, with more than 90% being correct.中国的暴雨预警时间已延长至 42 分钟,正确率超过90%。(教材P89)
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加;增大;提高
(1)作不及物动词
increase by 增长了(后接百分比或倍数)
increase to 增长到(后接具体数字)
The hit of this video increased 2 million. Compared with yesterday,
it increased 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万,与昨天相比,增加了10%。
(2)作及物动词
We need to productivity.我们需要提高生产力。
increase还可作名词,意为“增长;增多”。作可数名词时,其前若用不定冠词应用an。
There was an in sales.销售量增长了。
考点13:SAFETY NET安全网(教材P91)
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n.安全
[不可数名词]反义词是danger。
for safety 为了安全起见
in safety(=safely)安全地
Safety comes first. 安全第一。
For your , you mustn’t get close to the train until it stops.为了你们的安全,直到火车停下来你们才能靠近它。
They crossed the road in . 他们安全地穿过了马路。
考点14:warns you of upcoming disasters 提醒你即将到来的灾难(教材P91)
upcoming /ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj.即将来临的,即将发生的
通常用于名词前作定语。
Much joy to you in the year. 愿你在新的一年里快快乐乐。
Here is the weather forecast for the week.下面是未来一周的天气预报。
考点15:Say how it operates, using an example if possible. 说说它是如何使用的,如果可能的话举个例子。(教材P91)
operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v.使用,操作
既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
Can you teach me how to the new machine?你能教我怎样操作这台新机器吗?(及物动词)
In fact, drones are easy to . 事实上,无人机很容易操控。(不及物动词)
拓展
(1)operate还可意为“动手术,做手术”。
operate on给……做手术(常指给病人或病人身体的某部位做手术)
You examine the patient first, and then decide whether to or not.你先为病人做检查,然后再决定是否
做手术。
The doctor will operate his leg.医生将给他的腿做手术。
(2)operation[名词]手术
do an operation 施行手术
have an operation 接受手术
The little boy recovered very quickly after the .手术后,这个小男孩恢复得很快。
考点16:During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone’s attention.在2021年上海时装周期间,一位年轻、苗条、自信、拥有一条铁腿的女性吸引了所有人的目光。(教材P92)
fashion /ˈfæʃən/ n.时尚
a fashion show 时装秀
in fashion 流行
out of fashion 过时
come into fashion 开始流行
a fashion designer 时装设计师
Jeans are always .牛仔裤一直都很流行。
Their music will never go .他们的音乐永不过时。
Short videos . 短视频开始流行起来。
Her favourite designer is Giorgio Armani. 她最喜欢的时装设计师是乔治·阿玛尼。
slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的,修长的
比较级:slimmer;最高级:slimmest
She was tall and .她是个瘦高个儿。
Flora is a young woman.弗洛拉是一个身材苗条的年轻女子。
考点17:People’s curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。(教材P92)
uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl/ adj.不舒服的
由“un-(否定前缀)+comfortable(adj.舒服的)”构成。
Have you ever felt with your stomach when you’re nervous or excited? 当你紧张或兴奋时,你是否感到过胃部不适?
拓展
These new shoes are not very .这双新鞋穿起来不太舒服。
If you’re all sitting , then I’ll begin.要是你们都坐好了,那么我就开始。
She sat on the edge of the table.她将就坐在桌边上,非常难受。
考点18:With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。(教材P93)
come out 从困境、黑暗或消极状态中解脱出来
After months of therapy, Sarah finally of her depression and started enjoying life again.经过几个月的治疗,萨拉终于从抑郁中走出来,重新开始享受生活。
拓展
come out的其他常见含义:
Most of the flowers in spring.大部分花在春天开放。
When is the new novel ?新版小说什么时候出版?
There is no doubt that the truth will one day.毫无疑问,总有一天会真相大白。
考点19:She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。(教材P93)
herself /əˈself/ pron.她自己
反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称或数上应保持一致,常译为“自己,本身;亲自”。
by oneself 单独;独自
Kate can dress now.凯特现在可以自己穿衣服了。
Molly was happy because she solved her problem all herself!莫莉很开心,因为她独自解决了问题!
拓展
反身代词大集合
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己
himself他自己/herself她自己/itself它自己
themselves他们/她们/它们自己
考点20:But we should always face it with courage.但我们应该时刻勇敢面对。(教材P93)
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气,胆量,勇敢
take courage 鼓起勇气
the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气
I haven’t to ask her.我还鼓不起勇气去问她。
This experience gives me the to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我将来再次独自旅行的勇气。
五.语法串讲
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。除此之外,过去进行时还常常出现在讲故事的语境中。
知识点1 过去进行时的各种句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
I my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。
否定句
主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他.
I drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。
一般疑
问句
Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.
— you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗?
—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。
特殊疑
问句
特殊疑问词(不作主语)+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他?
were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么?
特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他?
was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了?
知识点2 过去进行时的基本用法
用法
例句
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用
— were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么?
—I was watching TV.我在看电视。
表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、“from+时间点+to+时间点+last night”等时间状语连用
We for you the whole morning.我们一整个早上都在等你。
在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象
It in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。
易混辨析 过去进行时与一般过去时
时态
区别
过去进行时
强调过去某一时刻或某一时段内正在进行或持续的动作,往往表示动作的未完成性
一般过去时
表示过去的时间里所发生的动作,且动作往往已经完成
I was reading a book that evening. 那天晚上我在读书。(读了一些)
I read a book that evening. 那天晚上我读了一本书。(读完了整本书)
知识点3 when引导的从句与过去进行时连用
一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态:
主句
when引导的时间状语从句
过去进行时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去进行时
(1)when引导的时间状语既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段。因此,在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语可以用终止性动词,也可以用延续性动词。
It was raining he reached Zhengzhou. 当他到郑州时正在下雨。
Someone called my name I was waiting for the bus.我正在等公共汽车时,有人叫了我的名字。
(2)在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,如果主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作发生的突然性。
I was listening to music you called me.我正在听音乐,你(突然)给我打电话了。
We were dancing a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞,一个陌生人(突然)走了进来。
这种情况下也可以用while表达,但不强调突然性。
we were dancing, a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞时,一个陌生人走了进来。(只表明事实,不强调突然性)
知识点4 while引导的从句与过去进行时连用
一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态:
主句
while引导的时间状语从句
过去进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
(1)通常while所引导的时间状语只指时间段,因此在while引导的时间状语从句中,动词必须是延续性动词。
Someone knocked at the door I was cooking.我正在做饭的时候,有人敲门。
(2)当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的,且都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导从句。
My father was teaching me to play chess my mother was correcting her students' homework.我妈妈在批改她的学生的家庭作业时,我爸爸在教我下国际象棋。
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“自然灾害”,要求学生根据所学的单词、短语和句型写一篇和自然灾害有关的文章。该话题常以记叙文或说明文的形式出现,时态多为一般现在时、一般过去时以及过去进行时。在写作此类文章时,通常涉及如下几个方面:
①介绍灾难发生时的经历(此时是记叙文,常用一般过去时和过去进行时);
②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则(此时是说明文,常用一般现在时)。
必备词句:
①natural disaster自然灾害;
②in the beginning一开始;
③lose one's life失去生命;
④keep oneself safe保持自身安全;
⑤try to do sth.尽力做某事;
⑥I think that we should learn how to keep ourselves safe when we are facing disasters. 我认为我们在面对灾难的时候应该学会如何保持自身安全。
写作实例
假设三个月前,一场飓风(hurricane)袭击了你所居住的城市。请你发挥想象,根据以下要点和要求写一篇文章,描述飓风发生时的情况,并谈谈你的感悟。
写作要点:1.灾难发生时,人们可以听到雷声,看到闪电;两小时后,飓风消失了。2.在这次灾难中共有7人死亡、2400多座房屋倒塌。3.灾难后,人们开始互救,许多警察和消防员也来救援。
写作要求:1.词数80左右;2.不要逐词翻译,可适当发挥。
优秀范文
写作实战
学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华,请你根据以下图文提示,给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信,谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。
注意事项:1.80词左右;2.内容必须包括所给的全部要点,可适当发挥;3.不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。
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Unit 6 When disaster strikes
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1.摇动,摇撼;(使)颤动shake
2.(使)关(合)上,(使)关闭shut
3.继续前行continue
4.寻找,搜索,搜寻search
Noun名词
5.地,地面ground
6.公共马车,四轮大马车coach
7.沙滩sand
8.洪水,水灾flood
9.(燃烧产生的)烟smoke
10.一大批,一阵shower
11.专家expert
12.时间表timeline
13.反应reaction
14.航空公司airline
15.工作日weekday
16.铁路,铁道railway
17.暴风雨rainstorm
18.(车、船等的)交通服务,班次service
19.祖国motherland
Adjective形容词
20.不复存在的;不再拥有的lost
21.害怕的,恐惧的scared
22.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的shocking
23.浓密的;混浊的thick
24.(有关)历史的historical
25.剧烈的;厉害的;非常严重的terrible
Adverb副词
26.笔直地,成直线地straight
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Verb动词
1.感觉到,意识到sense
2.流血,出血bleed
Noun名词
3.危险danger
4.海啸tsunami
5.警告,警示warning
6.幸存者survivor
7.海岸coast
8.安全safety
9.时装业fashion
10.牛仔裤jeans
11.坏影响,阴影shadow
12.火把;火炬torch
13.大学university
14.荣幸,光荣honour
15.勇气,胆量,勇敢courage
16.伤痛,伤害wound
17.女主角,女主人公heroine
18.(恶劣情况的)受害者;(疾病的)患者victim
Adjective形容词
19.即将来临的,即将发生的upcoming
20.苗条的,修长的slim
21.不舒服的uncomfortable
22.令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的encouraging
Pronoun代词
23.她自己herself
多重词性词
24.adj.极坚强的n.铁iron
二.重点短语背默
1.自然灾害natural disaster
2.叫醒某人wake sb up
3.闭上眼睛shut one's eyes
4.从一边到另一边from side to side
5.拒绝做refuse to do
6.留下某人(物),忘记带走某人(物)leave sb/sth behind
7.使……变成……turn… into…
8.充满了……be thick with…
9.逃离……get away from…
10.数以千计的thousands of
11.爆发break out
12.搜索,检索search for
13.新闻报道news report
14.振奋某人的情绪lift sb's spirits
15.用……制成be made of/from
16.引起某人的注意draw sb's attention
17.曾经;过去(常常)used to
18.从(不良局面)中走出come out of
19.发现自我find oneself
20.社交媒体social media
21.向前看;展望未来look forward
22.最重要的是above all
23.经历;经受go through
三.重点句子背默
1.那天晚上,我正在睡觉,突然地面剧烈摇晃。
That night, I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.
2.我们继续前行,而乌云像洪水一样笼罩了大地。
We moved on while the cloud was spreading over the land like a flood.
3.人们在黑暗中努力寻找自己的家人。
People were trying to find their families in the dark.
4.所有东西都被灰烬覆盖,就像冬天的雪一样。
Everything was covered in ash, like the snow in winter.
5.在希望和恐惧之间生活了一夜之后,我们对将要发生的事情没有任何想法。
After a night of living between hope and fear, we had no thoughts of things to come.
6.随着时间的流逝,人们声音越来越大,变得越来越愤怒。
As time went by, people were becoming louder and angrier.
7.在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。
With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out of the shadows.
8.历经十年的艰难旅程,她重新找回了自我。
She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.
9.但这也是一个向人们展示勇敢的力量的好机会。
But it is also a good chance to show people the power of being brave.
10.灾难会带来创伤与痛苦,但我们应始终勇敢面对。
A disaster can bring wounds and pain. But we should always face them with courage.
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:A lost city一座遗失的城市 (教材P85)
lost /lɒst/ adj.丢失的,遗失的
The two boys are searching for a lost ball.这两个男孩正在寻找一个丢失的球。
拓展
(1)[形容词]迷路的
get/be lost迷路
If you have a map, you won’t be afraid when you get lost.如果你有一张地图,迷路时就不会感到害怕。
(2)lost还可作动词lose“丢失;失去”的过去式。
She lost her balance and fell down the stairs.她失去平衡,从楼梯上摔了下来。(东营中考)
考点2:My mother was so scared.我母亲非常害怕。(教材P85)
scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕的,恐惧的
[形容词]表示人的感受。近义词为afraid。
be scared of(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared +(that)从句 担心……
She was very brave, but she was scared of the doctor.她很勇敢,但是她害怕医生。
Lucy is scared to go out alone at night.露西害怕晚上一个人出去。
I’m scared(that)I’m going to fall.我担心自己快掉下去了。
拓展
scary[形容词]可怕的;恐怖的
常用于表示事物的特征。
I don’t like to see scary movies.我不喜欢看恐怖片。
考点3:She didn’t shut her eyes for even one second.她甚至一秒钟都没有合眼。(教材P85)
shut /ʃʌt/ v.(使)关上,(使)合上,(使)关闭
过去式和过去分词均为shut,动词-ing形式是shutting。
Philip went into his room and shut the door behind him.菲利普进了自己的房间,随手把门关上。
I heard his bedroom door shut.我听到他的卧室门关上了。
拓展
与shut相关的常见短语:
shut off 关闭;切断煤气(或水等)的供应
shut up 闭嘴 shut down 停业;倒闭
考点4:Just then, shocking things happened.就在那时,惊人的事情发生了。(教材P85)
shocking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj.惊人的,骇人的,令人难以置信的
辨析
shocking与shocked
shocking
惊人的,骇人的
常用来描述事物的特征,在句中可作表语或定语。
shocked
震惊的
常用来描述人的感受,在句中常作表语。be shocked at/by...对……感到震惊
Andy shared his shocking discovery on the internet.安迪在网上分享了他的惊人发现。
We were all shocked at the news of his death.听到他去世的消息,我们都感到震惊。
考点5:Our coach couldn’t go straight ahead.我们的马车无法直行。(教材P85)
coach /kəʊtʃ/ n.公共马车,四轮大马车
[可数名词]复数形式为coaches。
This is the old coach road.这是旧时的马车道。
拓展
【语境串记】The coach is going to the new football field by coach to coach players for the Olympics.那位教练打算乘长途汽车去新足球场训练运动员备战奥运会。
straight /streɪt/ adv.笔直地,成直线地
The book is on the table straight in front of you.那本书就在你面前的桌子上。
She was looking straight at me.她直直地看着我。
拓展
考点6:My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to leave her behind.母亲让我别管她,继续走,但我拒绝把她丢下。(教材P85)
【巧学妙记】
后可接动词不定式作宾语的动词
想要拒绝莫忘记 want、refuse、forget
需要努力就学习 need、try、learn
喜欢同意加帮助 like、agree、help
希望决定后开始 hope、decide、begin/start
leave behind留下;忘记带走
为“动词+副词”型短语。
I think I might have left my wallet behind.我想我可能忘带钱包了。
拓展
leave behind的其他含义:
把……抛在后面
When you are busy with a hobby, you leave all your worries behind.当你忙于一项爱好
时,你会将所有的烦恼抛在后面。
落后
I was left behind in maths after I missed three classes.我数学缺了三节课后,就跟不上
了。
考点7:The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.空气中弥漫着浓浓的烟雾,火山灰开始纷纷扬扬地落下来。(教材P85)
thick /θɪk/ adj.浓密的;混浊的
be thick with...充满……
Thick black smoke rose over the city.浓浓的黑烟笼罩着这座城市。
The air was thick with dust.空气中弥漫着灰尘。
拓展
thick作形容词的其他常见用法:
smoke /sməʊk/ n.(燃烧产生的)烟
[不可数名词]
In cities, AI is used to watch out for cars that make black smoke.在城市里,人工智能被用于监测排放黑烟的汽车。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.无火不生烟/无风不起浪。
拓展
(1)[及物动词]&[不及物动词]吸(烟);抽(烟)
He is smoking a large cigar.他正抽着一支大雪茄。
He has a good living habit. He neither smokes nor drinks.他生活习惯很好,既不抽烟也不喝酒。
(2)[不及物动词]冒烟
The factory chimneys are smoking.工厂的烟囱正在冒烟。
shower /ˈʃaʊə/ n.一大批,一阵(在空中洒落或出现的小而轻的东西)
A shower of leaves fell towards the ground.落叶纷纷扬扬飘向地面。
拓展
shower的其他含义:
(1)[名词]淋浴;淋浴器;淋浴间
take/have a shower洗淋浴
I usually brush my teeth and take a shower at seven o’clock daily.我通常每天七点钟刷牙和洗淋浴。
I’d like to use the shower if that’s all right.如果可以的话,我想用一下淋浴间。
(2)[名词]阵雨;阵雪
There will be a heavy shower this afternoon.今天下午会有一阵大雨。
(3)[动词](洗)淋浴
He had already showered by the time his parents got home.父母到家时,他已经洗完澡了。
考点8:While they were walking along the river, a great storm broke out.当他们沿河边散步时,下起了大暴雨。(教材P87)
break out突然发生;爆发
不及物动词短语,不用于被动语态。
Do you know what to do if a fire breaks out?如果发生火灾,你知道该怎么办吗?
Fighting broke out between rival groups of fans.双方球迷发生了冲突。
拓展
含break的其他常见短语:
break away 突然离开,逃脱
break down 坏掉,出故障;打破
break off 中断,停顿;折断
break up(使)破裂;解散
break into 强行闯入
考点9: ... there was a heavy rainstorm, so all train services were stopped. ……由于大暴雨,所有火车停运。(教材P87)
service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ n.服务
Xi’an is known as a centre for software research, development and services.西安以软件研究、开发和服务中心而闻名。
The food is nice, but I don’t like the service there.食物很好,但我不喜欢那里的服务。
拓展
serve[动词](给某人)提供,端上;服务
serve sth. to sb.=serve sb. sth.招待某人吃/喝某物
Her job is to serve breakfast and lunch to teachers and students(=serve teachers and students breakfast and lunch).她的工作是为老师和学生提供早餐和午餐。
My father has served that company for 20 years.我父亲在那家公司工作了20年。
考点10:That wonderful music by a student orchestra lifted our spirit and gave us hope.学生管弦乐队演奏的美妙音乐振奋了我们的情绪,给了我们希望。(教材P87)
spirit n.情绪;精神
(1)作“情绪”讲时,常用复数形式。
lift/raise one’s spirits 振奋某人的情绪
be in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落
The warm morning sun lifted our spirits.早晨温暖的阳光使我们精神为之一振。
She is in low spirits. Let’s cheer her up.她情绪低落。咱们让她振作起来吧。
(2)[可数名词]&[不可数名词]精神
Playing basketball teaches me the spirit of teamwork and never giving up.打篮球教会我团队合作和永不放弃的精神。
考点11:In communities, loud alarms go off. 在社区,响亮的警报会响起。(教材P89)
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n.警报器
alarm为名词,常见含义有:
警报器
The cat set off the alarm.猫碰响了警铃。
闹钟
My alarm didn’t go off so I woke up late.我的闹钟没有响,所以我醒晚了。
go off(警报器等)突然发出巨响
为不及物动词短语,其后不可接宾语。
This morning the smoke alarm went off.今天早上烟雾警报器响了。
Did the alarm go off just now?闹钟刚刚响了吗?
拓展
go off的其他常见义项:
离开(尤指去做某事)
She went off to get a drink.她拿饮料去了。
(质量)下降
His books have gone off in recent years.他近年来写的书质量下降了。
(电)中断;(电灯)熄灭
Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。
(食物、饮料)变质,变坏
Meat goes off quickly in hot weather. 肉在天热时很快变质。
考点12:Warning times for storms in China have been increased to 42 minutes, with more than 90% being correct.中国的暴雨预警时间已延长至 42 分钟,正确率超过90%。(教材P89)
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加;增大;提高
(1)作不及物动词
increase by 增长了(后接百分比或倍数)
increase to 增长到(后接具体数字)
The hit of this video increased to 2 million. Compared with yesterday, it increased by 10%.这个视频的点击量增加到了200万,与昨天相比,增加了10%。
(2)作及物动词
We need to increase productivity.我们需要提高生产力。
increase还可作名词,意为“增长;增多”。作可数名词时,其前若用不定冠词应用an。
There was an increase in sales.销售量增长了。
考点13:SAFETY NET安全网(教材P91)
safety /ˈseɪfti/ n.安全
[不可数名词]反义词是danger。
for safety 为了安全起见
in safety(=safely)安全地
Safety comes first. 安全第一。
For your safety, you mustn’t get close to the train until it stops.为了你们的安全,直到火车停下来你们才能靠近它。
They crossed the road in safety. 他们安全地穿过了马路。
考点14:warns you of upcoming disasters 提醒你即将到来的灾难(教材P91)
upcoming /ˈʌpˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj.即将来临的,即将发生的
通常用于名词前作定语。
Much joy to you in the upcoming year. 愿你在新的一年里快快乐乐。
Here is the weather forecast for the upcoming week.下面是未来一周的天气预报。
考点15:Say how it operates, using an example if possible. 说说它是如何使用的,如果可能的话举个例子。(教材P91)
operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ v.使用,操作
既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
Can you teach me how to operate the new machine?你能教我怎样操作这台新机器吗?(及物动词)
In fact, drones are easy to operate. 事实上,无人机很容易操控。(不及物动词)
拓展
(1)operate还可意为“动手术,做手术”。
operate on给……做手术(常指给病人或病人身体的某部位做手术)
You examine the patient first, and then decide whether to operate or not.你先为病人做检查,然后再决定是否
做手术。
The doctor will operate on his leg.医生将给他的腿做手术。
(2)operation[名词]手术
do an operation 施行手术
have an operation 接受手术
The little boy recovered very quickly after the operation.手术后,这个小男孩恢复得很快。
考点16:During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone’s attention.在2021年上海时装周期间,一位年轻、苗条、自信、拥有一条铁腿的女性吸引了所有人的目光。(教材P92)
fashion /ˈfæʃən/ n.时尚
a fashion show 时装秀
in fashion 流行
out of fashion 过时
come into fashion 开始流行
a fashion designer 时装设计师
Jeans are always in fashion.牛仔裤一直都很流行。
Their music will never go out of fashion.他们的音乐永不过时。
Short videos come into fashion. 短视频开始流行起来。
Her favourite fashion designer is Giorgio Armani. 她最喜欢的时装设计师是乔治·阿玛尼。
slim /slɪm/ adj.苗条的,修长的
比较级:slimmer;最高级:slimmest
She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。
Flora is a slim young woman.弗洛拉是一个身材苗条的年轻女子。
考点17:People’s curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 人们好奇的目光让她更加不舒服。(教材P92)
uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl/ adj.不舒服的
由“un-(否定前缀)+comfortable(adj.舒服的)”构成。
Have you ever felt uncomfortable with your stomach when you’re nervous or excited? 当你紧张或兴奋时,你是否感到过胃部不适?
拓展
These new shoes are not very comfortable.这双新鞋穿起来不太舒服。
If you’re all sitting comfortably, then I’ll begin.要是你们都坐好了,那么我就开始。
She sat uncomfortably on the edge of the table.她将就坐在桌边上,非常难受。
考点18:With the support of her family and friends, Niu Yu slowly came out from the shadows.在家人和朋友的支持下,牛钰慢慢从阴影中走了出来。(教材P93)
come out 从困境、黑暗或消极状态中解脱出来
After months of therapy, Sarah finally came out of her depression and started enjoying life again.经过几个月的治疗,萨拉终于从抑郁中走出来,重新开始享受生活。
拓展
come out的其他常见含义:
Most of the flowers come out in spring.大部分花在春天开放。
When is the new novel coming out?新版小说什么时候出版?
There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.毫无疑问,总有一天会真相大白。
考点19:She completed the hard 10-year journey of finding herself again.她完成了漫长的十年寻找自我的旅程。(教材P93)
herself /əˈself/ pron.她自己
反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称或数上应保持一致,常译为“自己,本身;亲自”。
by oneself 单独;独自
Kate can dress herself now.凯特现在可以自己穿衣服了。
Molly was happy because she solved her problem all by herself!莫莉很开心,因为她独自解决了问题!
拓展
反身代词大集合
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己
himself他自己/herself她自己/itself它自己
themselves他们/她们/它们自己
考点20:But we should always face it with courage.但我们应该时刻勇敢面对。(教材P93)
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n.勇气,胆量,勇敢
take courage 鼓起勇气
the courage to do sth. 做某事的勇气
I haven’t taken courage to ask her.我还鼓不起勇气去问她。
This experience gives me the courage to travel alone again in the future. 这次经历给了我将来再次独自旅行的勇气。
五.语法串讲
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作。其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。除此之外,过去进行时还常常出现在讲故事的语境中。
知识点1 过去进行时的各种句式
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
I was helping my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。
否定句
主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他.
I wasn't drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。
一般疑
问句
Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.
—Were you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗?
—Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。
特殊疑
问句
特殊疑问词(不作主语)+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他?
What were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么?
特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他?
Who was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了?
知识点2 过去进行时的基本用法
用法
例句
表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用
—What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么?
—I was watching TV.我在看电视。
表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、“from+时间点+to+时间点+last night”等时间状语连用
We were waiting for you the whole morning.我们一整个早上都在等你。
在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象
It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。
易混辨析 过去进行时与一般过去时
时态
区别
过去进行时
强调过去某一时刻或某一时段内正在进行或持续的动作,往往表示动作的未完成性
一般过去时
表示过去的时间里所发生的动作,且动作往往已经完成
I was reading a book that evening. 那天晚上我在读书。(读了一些)
I read a book that evening. 那天晚上我读了一本书。(读完了整本书)
知识点3 when引导的从句与过去进行时连用
一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态:
主句
when引导的时间状语从句
过去进行时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去进行时
(1)when引导的时间状语既可以指时间点,也可以指时间段。因此,在when引导的时间状语从句中,谓语可以用终止性动词,也可以用延续性动词。
It was raining when he reached Zhengzhou. 当他到郑州时正在下雨。
Someone called my name when I was waiting for the bus.我正在等公共汽车时,有人叫了我的名字。
(2)在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,如果主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作发生的突然性。
I was listening to music when you called me.我正在听音乐,你(突然)给我打电话了。
We were dancing when a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞,一个陌生人(突然)走了进来。
这种情况下也可以用while表达,但不强调突然性。
While we were dancing, a stranger came in.我们正跳着舞时,一个陌生人走了进来。(只表明事实,不强调突然性)
知识点4 while引导的从句与过去进行时连用
一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态:
主句
while引导的时间状语从句
过去进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
(1)通常while所引导的时间状语只指时间段,因此在while引导的时间状语从句中,动词必须是延续性动词。
Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking.我正在做饭的时候,有人敲门。
(2)当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的,且都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导从句。
My father was teaching me to play chess while my mother was correcting her students' homework.我妈妈在批改她的学生的家庭作业时,我爸爸在教我下国际象棋。
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“自然灾害”,要求学生根据所学的单词、短语和句型写一篇和自然灾害有关的文章。该话题常以记叙文或说明文的形式出现,时态多为一般现在时、一般过去时以及过去进行时。在写作此类文章时,通常涉及如下几个方面:
①介绍灾难发生时的经历(此时是记叙文,常用一般过去时和过去进行时);
②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则(此时是说明文,常用一般现在时)。
必备词句:
①natural disaster自然灾害;
②in the beginning一开始;
③lose one's life失去生命;
④keep oneself safe保持自身安全;
⑤try to do sth.尽力做某事;
⑥I think that we should learn how to keep ourselves safe when we are facing disasters. 我认为我们在面对灾难的时候应该学会如何保持自身安全。
写作实例
假设三个月前,一场飓风(hurricane)袭击了你所居住的城市。请你发挥想象,根据以下要点和要求写一篇文章,描述飓风发生时的情况,并谈谈你的感悟。
写作要点:1.灾难发生时,人们可以听到雷声,看到闪电;两小时后,飓风消失了。2.在这次灾难中共有7人死亡、2400多座房屋倒塌。3.灾难后,人们开始互救,许多警察和消防员也来救援。
写作要求:1.词数80左右;2.不要逐词翻译,可适当发挥。
优秀范文
Three months ago, a hurricane hit my city. It was a scary natural disaster.
In the beginning, the sky became dark. Everyone could hear a strange noise, but nobody knew what was happening. We heard the thunder and saw the lightning. Two hours later, the hurricane disappeared.
During the disaster, seven people lost their lives. Over 2,400 houses fell down. Many people had nowhere to live. After the disaster, people began to help each other. Many police officers and firefighters came to help us, too.
I think that we should learn how to keep ourselves safe when we are facing disasters. We should also try to help the others.
写作实战
学生在校园里参加防震演练活动是很重要的。假如你是李华,请你根据以下图文提示,给你校校刊的英语专栏写一封信,谈谈作为学生我们应该如何在地震中保护自己。
注意事项:1.80词左右;2.内容必须包括所给的全部要点,可适当发挥;3.不得出现真实的姓名、地名和学校名称。
Many people get hurt or lose their lives in the earthquake every year. Do you know what you should or shouldn't do in the earthquake? If your answer is “no”, please keep the following advice in mind.
If you are in the classroom, you should stay under the desks so that you can protect yourselves from falling objects. You can also use your schoolbags or your arms to protect your heads. You shouldn't run out of the classroom when the ground is shaking from side to side.
If you are in the playground, you should get away from buildings and trees because they may fall down on you. You shouldn't stand under the fallen power lines either.
Remember the things above and they may save your lives someday.
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