内容正文:
Unit 5 Play by the rules?
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1.不遵守,违犯break
2.堵住,挡住block
3.减少;缩小;降低reduce
4.踢kick
5.传播spread
Noun名词
6.小包,小盒,小袋packet
7.野餐picnic
8.干酪,奶酪cheese
9.噪声;嘈杂声noise
10.座,座位seat
11.乘客,旅客passenger
12.蠢人,傻子,笨蛋fool
13.标记;指示牌,标牌sign
14.喉咙,咽喉throat
15.责任responsibility
16.原因,起因cause
17.腰带,皮带belt
18.车站station
19.花盆flowerpot
20.脏乱;凌乱mess
21.诚实,正直;坦诚honesty
Adjective形容词
22.有臭味的smelly
Adverb副词
23.后来,随后,之后later
Preposition介词
24.在……的对面opposite
Pronoun代词
25.任何事物都(没有)anything
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Verb动词
1.避免 avoid
2.限制,限定limit
3.欺诈,欺骗 cheat
4.信任,信赖,相信trust
5.表现 behave
Noun名词
6.社会society
7.法则,法令law
8.嘉宾,宾客guest
9.律师 lawyer
10.论点,论据argument
11.网民netizen
12.公民;市民,城镇居民citizen
13.点击(鼠标)click
14.地址 address
15.护照passport
16.(使用计算机系统或程序所用的)密码password
17.陌生人stranger
18.敌人 enemy
19.网络霸凌(欺凌) cyberbullying
Adjective形容词
20.清楚的,明确的 clear
21.紧急的,急迫的 urgent
22.基础的,基本的,根本的 basic
23.个人的,私人的 personal
24.个人的,秘密的 private
25.不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的careless
26.注意到的,察觉到的aware
Preposition介词
27.支持,拥护;赞同for
28.反对;违背against
二.重点短语背默
1.为了做某事in order to do sth
2.拿出;取出take out
3.大声播放音乐play loud music
4.跳起来jump up
5.惊讶地in surprise
6.在野餐on a picnic
7.像西红柿一样红as red as a tomato
8.为了做某事,以便做某事so as to do sth
9.请求/要求某人做某事ask sb to do sth
10.别逗了,算了吧,得了吧come on
11.转身turn around
12.看起来不高兴seem unhappy
13.照顾,照料look after
14.不仅……而且……not just… but also…
15.服从规定,遵守规则follow a rule
16.吸一口气take a breath
17.(尤指说话前或为引人注意而)清清嗓子clear your throat
18.拒绝接受(某人或某组织的)不公平对待,抵抗stand up to
19.安全带seat belt
20.捡起pick up
21.打扫干净clean up
22.向某人道歉say sorry to sb
23.违规break rules
24.立刻,马上at once
25.由于某种原因for a reason
26.同意某人的看法agree with sb
27.总而言之in conclusion
28.一方面……另一方面……for one thing… for another…
29.面对面地face to face
30.小事一桩a piece of cake
31.取得联系get in touch
32.避免做某事avoid doing sth
33.行为不当,不礼貌behave badly
34.(因做错事而)陷入困境in hot water
35.向某人求助turn to sb for help
三.重点句子背默
1.太令人震惊了!What a shock!
2.如果我做点什么,他们会觉得我是个傻子吗?
Will they think me a fool if I do something?
3.以下是你在网上保持安全所需了解的基本规则。
Here are the basic rules you need to know to stay safe online.
4.为了保护你的线上账户,使用“强且长”的密码很重要。
To protect your online accounts, it's important to use a “strong and long” password.
5.记住,网上的不良行为是有代价的。Remember that behaving badly online has costs.
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. 在一天忙碌的工作后,我坐上了回家的火车。(教材P68)
get on 上(车、飞机等)
多指登上公共汽车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具。
She said goodbye to her mother and got on the plane.她向母亲告别,然后登上了飞机。
They got off the bus and walked away.他们从公共汽车上下来,然后走了。
拓展
get in和get out of 通常指上/下小型交通工具,比如汽车、出租车等。
Kate opened the door and got out of the taxi.凯特打开车门,然后从出租车上下来。
考点2:Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.突然,我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。(教材P68)
opposite /ˈɒpəzət/ prep.在……的对面
相当于across from。
There is a bank opposite our school.我们学校对面有一家银行。
拓展
考点3:It was like he was on a picnic.他好像在野餐一样。(教材P69)
picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n.野餐
have a picnic 野餐
go for a picnic =go on a picnic 去野餐
Jane and I are going to have a picnic this Sunday.我和简打算这周日去野餐。
Would you like to go for a picnic with us?你想和我们一起去野餐吗?
考点4:I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵,以阻挡“摇滚女孩”发出的噪声。(教材P69)
noise /nɔɪz/ n.噪声;嘈杂声
既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
形容词形式为noisy“吵闹的;嘈杂的”。
make(a)noise 制造噪声,发出声音
【语境串记】
It’s noisy outside. Let’s go out and see who is making such a noise. 外面很吵闹,我们出去看看是谁在制造这种噪声。
辨析
noise, sound与voice
noise
多指不悦耳的吵闹声、嘈杂声,可与make连用
sound
泛指能听见的自然界的各种声音,不带有任何感情色彩
voice
多指人说话或唱歌的声音
【语境串记】
There was a loud noise outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his voice,“Light travels much faster than sound.”教室外面一片嘈杂声,物理老师不得不提高嗓音说:“光的传播速度比声音快得多。”
考点5:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.我捂住鼻子,以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。(教材P69)
reduce /rɪˈdju:s/ v.缩小;减少;降低
reduce sth.减少某物
reduce...to...把……减少到……
reduce...by...把……减少了……
Smiling can reduce stress.微笑能减轻压力。
The skirt was reduced to $10 in the sale.在大减价期间,这条裙子减价到了10美元。
Actually, the writer says that self-driving cars can reduce accidents by 90 percent.实际上,作者说自动驾驶汽车可以减少90%的事故。
考点6:Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.这时,我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。(教材P69)
seat /si:t/ n. 座,座位
常用短语有:
take/have a seat坐下
take one's seat 就座
book a seat订座
Excuse me, could I take this seat?打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗?
Dinner is ready. Please take your seats. 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。
I want to book a seat next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。
辨析seat与sit
词性
词义
seat
名词
座位
及物动词
(使)就座;可坐……人
sit
不及物动词
坐
【语境串记】
The hall of the restaurant seats 300 people. The waitress seated the guests at the table and they sat down in their seats.这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座,他们都坐在了座位上。
考点7:My face turned as red as a tomato!我的脸变得通红!(教材P69)
as red as a tomato脸色通红,是一种比喻的修辞方式,常用来表达生气、害羞、尴尬等情绪。
Her face turned as red as a tomato after she slipped on the ice. 她在冰上滑倒后,脸变得通红。
拓展
英语中有很多约定俗成的修辞常用“as...as”结构来表达,有时也可省略第一个as,如:
as white as snow 洁白如雪
as black as night漆黑如夜
as cold as ice 冷若冰霜
as quick as a flash 快如闪电
as hard as iron坚硬如铁
as busy as a bee非常忙碌
as gentle as a lamb温顺如羊
考点8:Come on, he’s just a kid.算了吧,他只是个孩子。(教材P69)
come on 别逗了,得了吧,算了吧
一般用于口语中,用来表示责备或不耐烦。
Oh come on, you know that isn’t true!哦,得了吧,你知道那不是真的!
拓展
come on还可表示催促、鼓励或命令等,意为“快点;加油;赶快”等。
Come on! We don’t have much time.快点!我们时间不多了。
Come on! You can catch up with him. 加油!你能赶上他的。
考点9:Please look after your children. 请照看好你的孩子。(教材P69)
look after照顾,照料
同义短语为take care of。
好好照顾……look after...well=take good care of...
Cooking classes can help students learn to look after themselves. 烹饪课可以帮助学生学会照顾自己。
Please look after yourself well.=Please take good care of yourself.请好好照顾你自己。
考点10:Standing up to bad behaviour对不文明行为说“不”(教材P70)
stand up to抵抗;勇敢反对
It was brave of her to stand up to those bullies.她能站出来反抗那些霸凌者,真是太勇敢了。
拓展
stand up for支持;维护
You have to stand up for yourself.你必须为自己挺身而出。
考点11:I picked up the pieces/clean up the mess我捡起碎片/收拾了一下(教材P71)
pick up捡起,拾起
为“动词+副词”型短语。
pick+名词+up=pick up+名词
pick+人称代词+up
Cleaners pick up rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。
There is a book on the ground. Please pick it up.地上有一本书,请把它捡起来吧。
拓展
pick up的其他常见义项:
接电话
I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up.我昨晚给你打电话了,但是你没接。
搭载;(开车)接人
Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister?我们去机场接你妹妹好吗?
收拾;整理
Will you pick up all your toys?把你的玩具都收起来好吗?
(偶然)得到,听到,学会
Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. 上周,我学了一个流行的烹饪鱼的食谱。
考点12:His honesty made me respect him.他的诚实让我敬佩。(教材P71)
honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n.诚实,正直;坦诚
由“honest(adj.诚实的;坦诚的)+-y(名词后缀)”构成。
Honesty can lead me forward and make my future more colorful.诚实可以指引我前进,让我的未来更加多姿多彩。
拓展
respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重
[及物动词]后常接名词或代词作宾语。
respect sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而尊敬某人
I respect their views, although I do not agree with them.虽然我不同意,但是我尊重他们的观点。
We respect him as a great leader.我们尊敬他是一位伟大的领袖。
I respect her for her honesty.我敬佩她的诚实。
拓展
[不可数名词]尊敬 常与介词for连用。
show respect for...向……表示尊敬
Later she comes to understand their lifestyle and respect for nature.后来,她开始理解他们的生活方式和对大自然的尊重。
We teenagers should show respect for our elders.我们青少年应该尊敬长辈。
考点13:sharing my story/spread some happiness 分享我的故事/传播一些快乐(教材P71)
spread /spred/ v.传播
其过去式和过去分词均为spread。
He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection.现在,他正在传播环保知识。
The news spread quickly.消息很快传开了。
拓展
[名词]传播;扩散
We need to slow the spread of the virus.我们需要减缓这种病毒的传播。
考点14: clear(教材P73))
clear /klɪə/ adj.清楚的,明确的
Are these instructions clear enough?这些说明够清楚吗?
You can use your hands to make your points clearer in your speech.在演讲中,你可以利用手势使你的观点更加清楚易懂。
拓展
clear作形容词时的其他常见含义:
考点15:an experienced lawyer资深律师(教材P74)
experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ adj.经验丰富的,有经验的
在句中可作定语或表语。
be experienced in在……方面经验丰富
He is an experienced pilot.他是一个经验丰富的飞行员。
She’s very experienced in looking after animals.她在照顾动物方面很有经验。
拓展
考点16:Xinyan’s argument 新燕的论点(教材P75)
argument /ˈɑ:gjəmənt/ n.论点,论据
[可数名词]
argument for/against 赞成/反对……的论据
Do you have any evidence to support your argument?你有证据支持你的论点吗?
There are strong arguments against smoking. 反对吸烟的理由非常充分。
拓展
[名词]争论,争吵
have an argument(with sb.)(与某人)争论
I had a big argument with my friend this morning.今天早上我和朋友大吵了一架。
考点17:Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.想想20年前,与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。(教材P76)
face to face面对面地
副词性短语,通常在句中作状语。
They sat face to face.他们面对面坐着。
I want to explain things face to face. 我想当面解释。
拓展
与face to face结构类似的短语:
heart to heart 坦率地 hand in hand 手拉手地
step by step 逐步地 one by one 逐一地
shoulder to shoulder/side by side 肩并肩地
考点18:We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.我们只要一点,就能与任何人取得联系。(教材P76)
get in touch (with sb.)(与某人)取得联系
We will get in touch with you as soon as we know the results. 我们一得知结果就和你联系。
keep/stay in touch(with sb.(与某人)保持联系
lose touch (with sb.)(与某人)失去联系
Wherever you go, please keep/stay in touch with me. 无论你去哪里,请和我保持联系。
I lost touch with Julie after we moved. 我们搬家后,我就和朱莉失去了联系。
考点19:Keep personal information private. 保持个人信息的私密性。(教材P77)
private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.(感情、消息或意见)个人的,秘密的
同义词为personal。
Don’t let out your private information online. 不要在网络上泄露你的个人信息。(陕西中考)
These are private letters. You can’t open them.这些是私人信件,你不能打开。
拓展
(1)[形容词]私立的
My aunt works in a private school. 我姑姑在一所私立学校上班。
(2)in private私下地;单独地
We can talk about this matter in private.我们可以私下谈论这件事。
考点20:Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。(教材P77)
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
We should avoid making a noise in the library.我们应该避免在图书馆内发出噪声。
考点21:Change it often and don’t be careless. 经常更改密码,不要粗心大意。(教材P77)
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的
由“care(n.小心)+-less(形容词后缀)”构成,可作表语或定语。
It’s careless of him to leave the tap running. 他忘了关水龙头,真是太粗心了。
Mr. Liu is a careless person. He always forgets to turn off the lights. 刘先生是个粗心的人。他总是忘记关灯。
拓展
care的相关词:
【语境串记】
Tom is a careless boy, and he always does his homework very carelessly. He didn’t pass the exam because of his
carelessness. The teacher told him that he must be careful when studying.汤姆是个粗心的男孩,他做作业总是很粗心。由于粗心,他没有通过考试。老师告诉他学习时一定要细心。
考点22:Be aware of strangers.注意陌生人。(教材P77)
aware /əˈweə/ adj.意识到的,明白的,知道的
作形容词,常被副词well、fully等修饰。
(1)be aware of+名词/代词/宾语从句
He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。
I really want more people to become truly aware of what is happening to our planet.我真希望有更多的人能真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。
(2)be aware+that从句
I was aware that she was trembling.我意识到她在发抖。
He was completely unaware of the whole affair. 他对整件事情一无所知。
He is trying to raise awareness about the disease.他正在努力提高人们对这种疾病的认识。
考点23:They may cheat you.他们可能会欺骗你。(教材P77)
cheat /tʃi:t/ v.欺诈,欺骗
cheat sb.(out)of sth.骗取某物
The store cheats its customers through false advertising.该商店通过虚假广告欺骗顾客。
He cheated the elderly couple out of their property.他骗走了这对老夫妇的财产。
拓展
[动词](尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中)作弊,舞弊
Don’t look at my cards — that’s cheating. 别看我的牌,那是作弊。
考点24:Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.言语有时会伤人,也会树敌。(教材P77)
enemy /ˈenəmi/ n.敌人
enemy的发音以元音音素开头, 其前有不定冠词修饰时, 要用an。
Actually, your biggest enemy is yourself. 实际上, 你最大的敌人就是你自己。
Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests.鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。
考点25:Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.相反,你应该向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。(教材P77)
turn to求助于,求教于
后面可以接人或事物,且常与for连用。
She turned to a friend for support.她向一位朋友寻求支持。
拓展
(1)改用,开始使用
Many people here are turning to solar power.这里的很多人都开始使用太阳能了。
(2)翻到(书中的某页)
Turn to page 65 for more information. 翻到第65页了解更多信息。
五.语法串讲
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语,表示行为动作的目的,其逻辑主语通常要与句子主语保持一致。
(1)直接用动词不定式作目的状语,可位于句首或句末。
To catch the bus, he got up early.为了赶公共汽车,他很早就起床了。
(2)in order to do作目的状语,可位于句首,也可位于句中。
He was saving money in order to repay Jennie.他在攒钱以便偿还欠Jennie的钱。(3)so as to do作目的状语,只能位于句子后半部分。
They worked hard so as to end the task with success. 他们努力工作以便圆满完成任务。
易错警示 动词不定式作目的状语时,其否定形式一般不用“not+动词不定式”,而用“in order not+动词不定式”或“so as not+动词不定式”。
咱们快点儿,以免开会迟到。
(√)Let's hurry in order not to be(=so as not to be) late for the meeting.
(×)Let's hurry not to be late for the meeting.
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“规则”,要求学生根据提示内容写一篇和规则有关的文章。该话题通常以说明文或应用文(如书信、电子邮件或演讲稿等)的形式出现,时态通常是一般现在时。该话题通常涉及的细分话题有:
①家规或校规、班规等;
②安全方面的规则或建议;
③和健康生活有关的规则或建议;
④和互联网或手机使用有关的规则或建议等。
必备词句
①live a healthy life过健康的生活;
②what's more而且;
③keep a balanced diet保持均衡饮食;
④living habit生活习惯;
⑤remember to do sth.记得做某事;
⑥stay up熬夜;
⑦Let me tell you how to keep healthy. 让我来告诉你们如何保持健康。
⑧If we take the advice above, we will live a healthier life. 如果我们采纳上面的建议,我们将会过上更健康的生活。
写作实例
学校广播站设立了一个《健康论坛》栏目,号召同学们踊跃投稿。请你根据以下内容要点,以“How to Keep Healthy”为题用英语写一篇短文向学校广播站投稿。
内容包括:1.健康的重要性;
2.如何保持健康(如健康饮食,有规律地运动,保持良好的生活习惯等);
3.期望大家过更健康的生活。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:a balanced diet均衡饮食;regularly adv.有规律地。
How to Keep Healthy
写作模板
优秀范文
How to Keep Healthy
As middle school students, we should live a healthy life. Health is very important to us. Good health can help us enjoy our life more. Let me tell you how to keep healthy.First, we should eat healthy food such as fish and fresh vegetables. What's more, we'd better have meals on time. It's important to keep a balanced diet. Second, we need to exercise regularly to make us strong. We can play basketball or soccer with our friends after school. Finally, it's necessary to keep good living habits and remember not to stay up late.
If we take the advice above, we will live a healthier life.
写作实战
为进一步增强中学生的安全意识,提高自我保护能力,你所在的学校开展了以“How to Keep Safe”为主题的英语演讲比赛活动。请你根据表中提供的信息,写一篇演讲稿。
在家
不玩火;出门之前一定要确保把煤气、灯都关掉
在学校
不在教室里互相追逐;运动时,注意保护自己
在路上
遵守交通规则,如骑车时不要听音乐
其他
……
写作要求:1.必须包括表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥;
2.语句连贯,词数100左右。
How to Keep Safe
Hello, everyone! I'm glad to share my ideas on how to keep safe here.
First,when you are at home, don't play with fire and make sure you turn off the gas and all the lights before you go out. Second, while you are at school, it is dangerous to run after each other in the classroom. At the same time, you should pay attention to protecting yourself while doing sport. Third, once you are in the street, traffic rules should be obeyed all the time. For example, it's wrong of you to listen to music while riding a bike.
Besides, you mustn't go swimming alone. You can go with an adult if you really want to go swimming. If all these are kept in mind, you will stay away from danger and live a safer life.
That's all for my speech! Thanks for listening!
$
Unit 5 Play by the rules?
知识清单(单词、短语、句子、语法、写作)
一.重点单词背默
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Verb动词
1.不遵守,违犯
2.堵住,挡住
3.减少;缩小;降低
4.踢
5.传播
Noun名词
6.小包,小盒,小袋
7.野餐
8.干酪,奶酪
9.噪声;嘈杂声
10.座,座位
11.乘客,旅客
12.蠢人,傻子,笨蛋
13.标记;指示牌,标牌
14.喉咙,咽喉
15.责任
16.原因,起因
17.腰带,皮带
18.车站
19.花盆
20.脏乱;凌乱
21.诚实,正直;坦诚
Adjective形容词
22.有臭味的
Adverb副词
23.后来,随后,之后
Preposition介词
24.在……的对面
Pronoun代词
25.任何事物都(没有)
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
Verb动词
1.避免
2.限制,限定
3.欺诈,欺骗
4.信任,信赖,相信
5.表现
Noun名词
6.社会
7.法则,法令
8.嘉宾,宾客
9.律师
10.论点,论据
11.网民
12.公民;市民,城镇居民
13.点击(鼠标)
14.地址
15.护照
16.(使用计算机系统或程序所用的)密码
17.陌生人
18.敌人
19.网络霸凌(欺凌)
Adjective形容词
20.清楚的,明确的
21.紧急的,急迫的
22.基础的,基本的,根本的
23.个人的,私人的
24.个人的,秘密的
25.不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的
26.注意到的,察觉到的
Preposition介词
27.支持,拥护;赞同
28.反对;违背
二.重点短语背默
1.为了做某事
2.拿出;取出
3.大声播放音乐
4.跳起来
5.惊讶地
6.在野餐
7.像西红柿一样红
8.为了做某事,以便做某事
9.请求/要求某人做某事
10.别逗了,算了吧,得了吧
11.转身
12.看起来不高兴
13.照顾,照料
14.不仅……而且……
15.服从规定,遵守规则
16.吸一口气
17.(尤指说话前或为引人注意而)清清嗓子
18. 拒绝接受(某人或某组织的)不公平对待,抵抗
19.安全带
20.捡起
21.打扫干净
22.向某人道歉
23.违规
24.立刻,马上
25.由于某种原因
26.同意某人的看法
27.总而言之
28.一方面……另一方面…
29.面对面地
30.小事一桩
31.取得联系
32.避免做某事
33.行为不当,不礼貌
34.(因做错事而)陷入困境
35.向某人求助
三.重点句子背默
1.太令人震惊了! !
2.如果我做点什么,他们会觉得我是个傻子吗?
?
3.以下是你在网上保持安全所需了解的基本规则。
.
4.为了保护你的线上账户,使用“强且长”的密码很重要。
.
5.记住,网上的不良行为是有代价的。 .
四.核心知识点解析
考点1:After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. 在一天忙碌的工作后,我坐上了回家的火车。(教材P68)
get on 上(车、飞机等)
多指登上公共汽车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具。
She said goodbye to her mother and the plane.她向母亲告别,然后登上了飞机。
They the bus and walked away.他们从公共汽车上下来,然后走了。
拓展
get in和get out of 通常指上/下小型交通工具,比如汽车、出租车等。
Kate opened the door and the taxi.凯特打开车门,然后从出租车上下来。
考点2:Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.突然,我对面的一个女孩开始用手机大声播放音乐。(教材P68)
opposite /ˈɒpəzət/ prep.在……的对面
相当于across from。
There is a bank our school.我们学校对面有一家银行。
拓展
考点3:It was like he was on a picnic.他好像在野餐一样。(教材P69)
picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n.野餐
have a picnic 野餐
go for a picnic =go on a picnic 去野餐
Jane and I are going to this Sunday.我和简打算这周日去野餐。
Would you like to with us?你想和我们一起去野餐吗?
考点4:I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵,以阻挡“摇滚女孩”发出的噪声。(教材P69)
noise /nɔɪz/ n.噪声;嘈杂声
既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
形容词形式为noisy“吵闹的;嘈杂的”。
make(a)noise 制造噪声,发出声音
【语境串记】
It’s outside. Let’s go out and see who is making such a . 外面很吵闹,我们出去看看是谁在制造这种噪声。
辨析
noise, sound与voice
noise
多指不悦耳的吵闹声、嘈杂声,可与make连用
sound
泛指能听见的自然界的各种声音,不带有任何感情色彩
voice
多指人说话或唱歌的声音
【语境串记】
There was a loud outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his ,“Light travels much faster than .”教室外面一片嘈杂声,物理老师不得不提高嗓音说:“光的传播速度比声音快得多。”
考点5:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.我捂住鼻子,以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。(教材P69)
reduce /rɪˈdju:s/ v.缩小;减少;降低
reduce sth.减少某物
reduce...to...把……减少到……
reduce...by...把……减少了……
Smiling can stress.微笑能减轻压力。
The skirt was reduced $10 in the sale.在大减价期间,这条裙子减价到了10美元。
Actually, the writer says that self-driving cars can reduce accidents 90 percent.实际上,作者说自动驾驶汽车可以减少90%的事故。
考点6:Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat.这时,我身后的一个男孩开始踢我的座位。(教材P69)
seat /si:t/ n. 座,座位
常用短语有:
take/have a seat坐下
take one's seat 就座
book a seat订座
Excuse me, could I ?打扰了,我可以坐这个座位吗?
Dinner is ready. Please . 晚饭准备好了。请入座吧。
I want to book a next to the window.我想订一个靠窗的座位。
辨析seat与sit
词性
词义
seat
名词
座位
及物动词
(使)就座;可坐……人
sit
不及物动词
坐
【语境串记】
The hall of the restaurant 300 people. The waitress the guests at the table and they sat down in their .这家饭店的大厅能坐300人。女服务员安排客人们在桌旁就座,他们都坐在了座位上。
考点7:My face turned as red as a tomato!我的脸变得通红!(教材P69)
as red as a tomato脸色通红,是一种比喻的修辞方式,常用来表达生气、害羞、尴尬等情绪。
Her face turned after she slipped on the ice. 她在冰上滑倒后,脸变得通红。
拓展
英语中有很多约定俗成的修辞常用“as...as”结构来表达,有时也可省略第一个as,如:
as white as snow 洁白如雪
as black as night漆黑如夜
as cold as ice 冷若冰霜
as quick as a flash 快如闪电
as hard as iron坚硬如铁
as busy as a bee非常忙碌
as gentle as a lamb温顺如羊
考点8:Come on, he’s just a kid.算了吧,他只是个孩子。(教材P69)
come on 别逗了,得了吧,算了吧
一般用于口语中,用来表示责备或不耐烦。
Oh , you know that isn’t true!哦,得了吧,你知道那不是真的!
拓展
come on还可表示催促、鼓励或命令等,意为“快点;加油;赶快”等。
! We don’t have much time.快点!我们时间不多了。
! You can catch up with him. 加油!你能赶上他的。
考点9:Please look after your children. 请照看好你的孩子。(教材P69)
look after照顾,照料
同义短语为take care of。
好好照顾……look after...well=take good care of...
Cooking classes can help students learn to themselves. 烹饪课可以帮助学生学会照顾自己。
Please look after yourself well.=Please yourself.请好好照顾你自己。
考点10:Standing up to bad behaviour对不文明行为说“不”(教材P70)
stand up to抵抗;勇敢反对
It was brave of her to those bullies.她能站出来反抗那些霸凌者,真是太勇敢了。
拓展
stand up for支持;维护
You have to yourself.你必须为自己挺身而出。
考点11:I picked up the pieces/clean up the mess我捡起碎片/收拾了一下(教材P71)
pick up捡起,拾起
为“动词+副词”型短语。
pick+名词+up=pick up+名词
pick+人称代词+up
Cleaners rubbish to keep our environment clean.清洁工捡拾垃圾以保持环境清洁。
There is a book on the ground. Please .地上有一本书,请把它捡起来吧。
拓展
pick up的其他常见义项:
接电话
I called you last night, but you didn’t pick up.我昨晚给你打电话了,但是你没接。
搭载;(开车)接人
Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister?我们去机场接你妹妹好吗?
收拾;整理
Will you pick up all your toys?把你的玩具都收起来好吗?
(偶然)得到,听到,学会
Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. 上周,我学了一个流行的烹饪鱼的食谱。
考点12:His honesty made me respect him.他的诚实让我敬佩。(教材P71)
honesty /ˈɒnəsti/ n.诚实,正直;坦诚
由“honest(adj.诚实的;坦诚的)+-y(名词后缀)”构成。
can lead me forward and make my future more colorful.诚实可以指引我前进,让我的未来更加多姿多彩。
拓展
respect /rɪˈspekt/ v.尊重
[及物动词]后常接名词或代词作宾语。
respect sb. for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而尊敬某人
I their views, although I do not agree with them.虽然我不同意,但是我尊重他们的观点。
We respect him a great leader.我们尊敬他是一位伟大的领袖。
I respect her her honesty.我敬佩她的诚实。
拓展
[不可数名词]尊敬 常与介词for连用。
show respect for...向……表示尊敬
Later she comes to understand their lifestyle and nature.后来,她开始理解他们的生活方式和对大自然的尊重。
We teenagers should our elders.我们青少年应该尊敬长辈。
考点13:sharing my story/spread some happiness 分享我的故事/传播一些快乐(教材P71)
spread /spred/ v.传播
其过去式和过去分词均为spread。
He is now the knowledge of environmental protection.现在,他正在传播环保知识。
The news quickly.消息很快传开了。
拓展
[名词]传播;扩散
We need to slow the of the virus.我们需要减缓这种病毒的传播。
考点14: clear(教材P73))
clear /klɪə/ adj.清楚的,明确的
Are these instructions enough?这些说明够清楚吗?
You can use your hands to make your points in your speech.在演讲中,你可以利用手势使你的观点更加清楚易懂。
拓展
clear作形容词时的其他常见含义:
考点15:an experienced lawyer资深律师(教材P74)
experienced /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/ adj.经验丰富的,有经验的
在句中可作定语或表语。
be experienced in在……方面经验丰富
He is an pilot.他是一个经验丰富的飞行员。
She’s very in looking after animals.她在照顾动物方面很有经验。
拓展
考点16:Xinyan’s argument 新燕的论点(教材P75)
argument /ˈɑ:gjəmənt/ n.论点,论据
[可数名词]
argument for/against 赞成/反对……的论据
Do you have any evidence to support your ?你有证据支持你的论点吗?
There are strong against smoking. 反对吸烟的理由非常充分。
拓展
[名词]争论,争吵
have an argument(with sb.)(与某人)争论
I had a big with my friend this morning.今天早上我和朋友大吵了一架。
考点17:Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream.想想20年前,与遥远的亲人面对面交谈还是一个梦想。(教材P76)
face to face面对面地
副词性短语,通常在句中作状语。
They sat .他们面对面坐着。
I want to explain things . 我想当面解释。
拓展
与face to face结构类似的短语:
heart to heart 坦率地 hand in hand 手拉手地
step by step 逐步地 one by one 逐一地
shoulder to shoulder/side by side 肩并肩地
考点18:We can get in touch with anyone with just one click.我们只要一点,就能与任何人取得联系。(教材P76)
get in touch (with sb.)(与某人)取得联系
We will you as soon as we know the results. 我们一得知结果就和你联系。
keep/stay in touch(with sb.(与某人)保持联系
lose touch (with sb.)(与某人)失去联系
Wherever you go, please me. 无论你去哪里,请和我保持联系。
I Julie after we moved. 我们搬家后,我就和朱莉失去了联系。
考点19:Keep personal information private. 保持个人信息的私密性。(教材P77)
private /ˈpraɪvət/ adj.(感情、消息或意见)个人的,秘密的
同义词为personal。
Don’t let out your information online. 不要在网络上泄露你的个人信息。(陕西中考)
These are letters. You can’t open them.这些是私人信件,你不能打开。
拓展
(1)[形容词]私立的
My aunt works in a school. 我姑姑在一所私立学校上班。
(2)in private私下地;单独地
We can talk about this matter private.我们可以私下谈论这件事。
考点20:Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。(教材P77)
avoid doing sth.避免做某事
We should a noise in the library.我们应该避免在图书馆内发出噪声。
考点21:Change it often and don’t be careless. 经常更改密码,不要粗心大意。(教材P77)
careless /ˈkeələs/ adj. 不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的
由“care(n.小心)+-less(形容词后缀)”构成,可作表语或定语。
It’s of him to leave the tap running. 他忘了关水龙头,真是太粗心了。
Mr. Liu is a person. He always forgets to turn off the lights. 刘先生是个粗心的人。他总是忘记关灯。
拓展
care的相关词:
【语境串记】
Tom is a boy, and he always does his homework very . He didn’t pass the exam because of his . The teacher told him that he must be careful when studying.汤姆是个粗心的男孩,他做作业总是很粗心。由于粗心,他没有通过考试。老师告诉他学习时一定要细心。
考点22:Be aware of strangers.注意陌生人。(教材P77)
aware /əˈweə/ adj.意识到的,明白的,知道的
作形容词,常被副词well、fully等修饰。
(1)be aware of+名词/代词/宾语从句
He was well aware of the problem.他很清楚这个问题。
I really want more people to become truly of what is happening to our planet.我真希望有更多的人能真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。
(2)be aware+that从句
I was that she was trembling.我意识到她在发抖。
He was completely of the whole affair. 他对整件事情一无所知。
He is trying to raise about the disease.他正在努力提高人们对这种疾病的认识。
考点23:They may cheat you.他们可能会欺骗你。(教材P77)
cheat /tʃi:t/ v.欺诈,欺骗
cheat sb.(out)of sth.骗取某物
The store its customers through false advertising.该商店通过虚假广告欺骗顾客。
He the elderly couple out of their property.他骗走了这对老夫妇的财产。
拓展
[动词](尤指在游戏、比赛、考试等中)作弊,舞弊
Don’t look at my cards — that’s cheating. 别看我的牌,那是作弊。
考点24:Words sometimes hurt people and you can make enemies.言语有时会伤人,也会树敌。(教材P77)
enemy /ˈenəmi/ n.敌人
enemy的发音以元音音素开头, 其前有不定冠词修饰时, 要用an。
Actually, your biggest is yourself. 实际上, 你最大的敌人就是你自己。
Birds are the natural of many insect pests.鸟类是许多害虫的天敌。
考点25:Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help.相反,你应该向你的父母、老师或其他值得信赖的成年人寻求帮助。(教材P77)
turn to求助于,求教于
后面可以接人或事物,且常与for连用。
She a friend for support.她向一位朋友寻求支持。
拓展
(1)改用,开始使用
Many people here are solar power.这里的很多人都开始使用太阳能了。
(2)翻到(书中的某页)
page 65 for more information. 翻到第65页了解更多信息。
五.语法串讲
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语,表示行为动作的目的,其逻辑主语通常要与句子主语保持一致。
(1)直接用动词不定式作目的状语,可位于句首或句末。
catch the bus, he got up early.为了赶公共汽车,他很早就起床了。
(2)in order to do作目的状语,可位于句首,也可位于句中。
He was saving money repay Jennie.他在攒钱以便偿还欠Jennie的钱。
(3)so as to do作目的状语,只能位于句子后半部分。
They worked hard end the task with success. 他们努力工作以便圆满完成任务。
易错警示 动词不定式作目的状语时,其否定形式一般不用“not+动词不定式”,而用“in order not+动词不定式”或“so as not+动词不定式”。
咱们快点儿,以免开会迟到。
(√)Let's hurry in order not to be(=so as not to be) late for the meeting.
(×)Let's hurry not to be late for the meeting.
六.写作串讲
本单元的话题是“规则”,要求学生根据提示内容写一篇和规则有关的文章。该话题通常以说明文或应用文(如书信、电子邮件或演讲稿等)的形式出现,时态通常是一般现在时。该话题通常涉及的细分话题有:
①家规或校规、班规等;
②安全方面的规则或建议;
③和健康生活有关的规则或建议;
④和互联网或手机使用有关的规则或建议等。
必备词句
①live a healthy life过健康的生活;
②what's more而且;
③keep a balanced diet保持均衡饮食;
④living habit生活习惯;
⑤remember to do sth.记得做某事;
⑥stay up熬夜;
⑦Let me tell you how to keep healthy. 让我来告诉你们如何保持健康。
⑧If we take the advice above, we will live a healthier life. 如果我们采纳上面的建议,我们将会过上更健康的生活。
写作实例
学校广播站设立了一个《健康论坛》栏目,号召同学们踊跃投稿。请你根据以下内容要点,以“How to Keep Healthy”为题用英语写一篇短文向学校广播站投稿。
内容包括:1.健康的重要性;
2.如何保持健康(如健康饮食,有规律地运动,保持良好的生活习惯等);
3.期望大家过更健康的生活。
注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:a balanced diet均衡饮食;regularly adv.有规律地。
How to Keep Healthy
写作模板
优秀范文
How to Keep Healthy
As middle school students, we should live a healthy life.
写作实战
为进一步增强中学生的安全意识,提高自我保护能力,你所在的学校开展了以“How to Keep Safe”为主题的英语演讲比赛活动。请你根据表中提供的信息,写一篇演讲稿。
在家
不玩火;出门之前一定要确保把煤气、灯都关掉
在学校
不在教室里互相追逐;运动时,注意保护自己
在路上
遵守交通规则,如骑车时不要听音乐
其他
……
写作要求:1.必须包括表格中的所有信息,可适当发挥;
2.语句连贯,词数100左右。
How to Keep Safe
Hello, everyone! I'm glad to share my ideas on how to keep safe here.
That's all for my speech! Thanks for listening!
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