Unit 3 Using Language（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Using Language 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】 1.lose weight 2.cut down on 3.cut out 4.live on / consist of 5.be full of / be rich in 6.rather than 7.be good for / be beneficial to 8.in the end / after all 9.be on the right track 10.be up to 【解析】 1.lose weight — 意为"减肥"。课文中讨论健康饮食时涉及的常见目标。 2.cut down on — 课文原句："you have to cut down on desserts." 意为"减少（摄入量）"，后接名词或动名词。 3.cut out — 课文原句："cut out sweet drinks altogether." 意为"完全戒掉、停止（摄入）"。 4.live on / consist of — "live on" 意为"以……为主食"；课文讨论饮食时强调食物构成。 5.be full of / be rich in — 课文原句："fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre." 意为"富含"。be rich in 为同义表达。 6.rather than — 课文原句："rather than processed foods." 意为"而不是"，表示对比选择。 7.be good for / be beneficial to — 意为"对……有好处"。课文中讨论健康饮食的益处。 8.in the end / after all — 意为"归根结底、毕竟"。课文末段强调健康饮食的根本在于态度。 9.be on the right track — 课文原句："you are on the right track with your diet." 意为"做法正确、走在正确的道路上"。 10.be up to — 课文原句："It is up to you to decide..." 意为"取决于；由……决定"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 【答案】 1.debate 2.evidence 3.limit 4.consumes 5.nutrition 6.digest 7.consistent 8.trick 8.fundamental 10.attitude 【解析】 1.debate — "much debate" 意为"很多争论"。课文原句："There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet." 2.evidence — "recent evidence" 意为"最近的证据"。课文原句："there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar." 3.limit — 此处需要动词原形。"limit our sugar intake" 意为"限制我们的糖摄入量"。 4.consumes — 此处需要动词作谓语，主语 the average American 为单数，谓语用 consumes。课文原句："The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone." consume 意为"摄入、消费"。 5.nutrition — 此处需要名词。"vitamins and nutrition" 意为"维生素和营养"。 6.digest — 此处需要动词原形。"digest your food" 意为"消化食物"。课文原句："Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better." 7.consistent — 此处需要形容词修饰 habits。"consistent eating habits" 意为"一致的/规律的饮食习惯"。课文原句："studies show that consistent eating habits ... are better for our health." 8.trick — "no single trick" 意为"没有单一的诀窍/方法"。课文原句："There is no one trick to healthy eating." 9.fundamental — "the most fundamental thing" 意为"最根本的事情"。fundamental 意为"根本的、基础的"。 20.attitude — 此处需要名词。"positive attitude towards food" 意为"对食物的积极态度"。课文原句："healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food." 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】 1.makes 2.is 3.is 4.to die 5.ourselves 6.processed 7.to tell 8.eating 9.to digest 10.to decide 【解析】 1.makes — 疑问词 what 作主语，视为单数，谓语用 makes。what makes up a healthy diet 意为"是什么构成了健康饮食"。 2.is — "a big enemy" 为单数主语，谓语用 is。此处为宾语从句中的谓语。 3.is — "as it is sugar" 意为"而是糖"。as 在此处表示"而是"，it 指代 real driver，谓语用 is。 4.to die — "be likely to do" 为固定搭配，意为"可能做某事"，后接不定式 to die。 5.ourselves — "limit ourselves to" 意为"将我们自己限制在……"。主语 we 与宾语一致，用反身代词 ourselves。 6.processed — 此处需要过去分词作定语修饰 foods。"processed foods" 意为"加工食品"。process 的过去分词为 processed。 7.to tell — "it takes...for sb/sth to do" 为固定句型，意为"花费（时间）做某事"，不定式 to tell 作真正主语。 8.eating — "end up doing" 为固定搭配，意为"最终做了某事"，后接动名词 eating。 9.to digest — "allow sb to do" 为固定搭配，意为"允许某人做某事"，后接不定式 to digest。 10.to decide — "It is up to you to decide" 意为"由你来决定"。不定式 to decide 作真正主语，it 为形式主语。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】 1.debate, makes 2.increasing, driver 3.likely 4.healthy, cut down 5.cut out 6.fresh, rather than 7.diet, necessary 8.fundamental, slowly 9.nutrition, right track 10.up, right 【解析】 1.debate, makes — "much debate" 意为"很多争论"；"makes up" 意为"构成"。疑问词 what 作主语，谓语用 makes。课文原句。 2.increasing, driver — "increasing evidence" 意为"越来越多的证据"；"driver" 意为"驱动因素/推动力"。课文原句。 3.likely — "twice as likely to do" 意为"两倍可能做某事"。be likely to do 为固定搭配。课文原句。 4.healthy, cut down — "cut down on" 意为"减少（摄入量）"。课文原句："if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts." 5.cut out — "cut out" 意为"完全戒掉、停止"。课文原句："cut out sweet drinks altogether." 6.fresh, rather than — "fresh foods" 意为"新鲜食物"；"rather than" 意为"而不是"。课文原句。 7.diet, necessary — "in your diet" 意为"在你的饮食中"；"necessary protein" 意为"必需的蛋白质"。课文原句。 8.fundamental, slowly — "fundamental key" 意为"基本关键"；"eat slowly" 意为"慢慢吃"。课文原句。 9.nutrition, right track — "nutrition" 意为"营养"；"on the right track" 意为"做法正确、走在正确的道路上"。课文原句。 10.up, right — "It is up to you" 意为"由你决定"；"make the right decisions" 意为"做出正确的决定"。课文原句。 五、语法填空 【答案】 1．Found 2．suffering 3．consequences 4．mixed 5．are added 6．replacing 7．But 8．gaining 9．at 10．or 【导语】文章介绍了糖替代品在食品中的广泛应用，指出虽然短期研究显示其有助于控制体重，但长期观察研究发现其与增重及多种疾病风险相关，世卫组织因此不建议将其用于控制体重。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们存在于从酸奶到牙膏的许多产品中，被声称可以让人们吃大量甜食而不增重，也不会因喜爱糖的细菌导致蛀牙。此处作伴随状语，find用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语They(指sugar substitutes)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们存在于从酸奶到牙膏的许多产品中，被声称可以让人们吃大量甜食而不增重，也不会因喜爱糖的细菌导致蛀牙。suffer from与前面的gaining weight并列关系，作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式suffering。 3．考查名词复数。句意：现在越来越多的研究表明，这些物质可能有着出人意料的苦涩后果。consequence是可数名词，此处表示多种后果，应用复数形式consequences作宾语。 4．考查形容词。句意：糖替代品是一个混杂的群体。提示词mix(混合)在句中修饰名词group，应用形容词mixed作定语。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：有些比糖甜数百倍，所以它们被添加的量很小。add是谓语动词，与主语they之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为复数代词，谓语用复数形式are added。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些为期4至12周的短期对照研究确实发现，用糖替代品替代糖会导致体重增加较少。此处作主语，用动名词形式replacing。 7．考查连词。句意：但许多大型长期观察性研究发现，情况恰恰相反：摄入更多代糖的人最终比摄入最少的人体重增加更多；其他研究表明，相比不摄入代糖的人，摄入更多的人患上心脏病、糖尿病和癌症的几率也更高。前文提到短期研究发现用替代品替代糖可减少体重增加，后文指出长期研究有相反结果，前后为转折关系，应用连词but连接；句首单词首字母大写。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：但许多大型长期观察性研究发现，情况恰恰相反：摄入更多代糖的人最终比摄入最少的人体重增加更多；其他研究表明，相比不摄入代糖的人，摄入更多的人患上心脏病、糖尿病和癌症的几率也更高。end up doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“最终做了某事”，用动名词gaining作宾语。 9．考查介词。句意：也许一些消费者已经处于糖尿病或心脏病的高风险中，并试图吃得更健康。at risk为固定搭配，意为“处于风险中”；at high risk for...“处于……的高风险中”。 10．考查连词。句意：尽管如此，整体研究仍然足以让世界卫生组织在2023年建议不要使用糖替代品来控制体重或预防疾病。此处表示“或者”，在有否定含义的句子中用连词or连接两个并列成分。 六、阅读理解 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章分析了喝热水这一流行趋势，探讨了其文化来源、科学证据及专家观点，最终指出无论水温如何，喝水本身对健康有益。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The trend is part of a habit of people taking on elements of Eastern medicine and Chinese culture and sharing their experiences on social media. (这一趋势是人们接受东方医学和中国文化元素并在社交媒体上分享经验这一习惯的一部分。)”可知，热水趋势的主要原因可能是中国文化与东方医学的影响。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, few scientific studies have examined these benefits. A 2016 study on gallbladder (胆囊) surgery patients found that those who drank warm water passed gas sooner than those who did not, but it did not greatly speed up their first bowel movement (排便). (事实上，很少有科学研究验证过这些好处。一项2016年针对胆囊手术患者的研究发现，喝温水的患者比不喝的患者排气更快，但并未显著加速首次排便。)”可推知，作者提到2016年的研究是为了支撑上一句的观点，说明热水的好处缺乏科学证据支持。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章客观呈现了对喝热水的支持与质疑两方面的观点，第二段指出其好处缺乏科学证据，第三段提到“生物意义上合理”，第四段指出“清洁身体”说法有误，最后一段总结“水本身有益”，作者未表达个人偏向，总体上态度是客观的。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“As Dr. May concluded, the hot water trend proves what is already known. “Water is really good for you in every way.” So, whether you drink it hot, warm, or cold — just drink it. (正如May博士所总结的，热水趋势证明了早已为人所知的事实：“水在各方面对身体都非常有益。”因此，无论你喝的是热的、温的还是冷的，只要饮用即可。)”可知，文章围绕“喝热水”这一流行趋势展开，从文化背景、科学研究、专家观点等多角度进行科学分析，最后回归到“喝水本身有益”的结论，因此，文章主要内容是对喝热水的科学分析。 七、七选五 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．F 4．B 5．D 【导语】文章主要介绍行星健康饮食（PHD）的诞生背景、具体饮食内容、遵循该饮食模式的双重好处以及践行它的具体方法。 【详解】1．由上文“A recent report, published in The Lancet in 2025, found that more than half of the world’s population struggles to access healthy diets. This doesn’t just impact our health and well-being, but also has real consequences on our environment, with around 30% of all the greenhouse gasses we produce coming from our food systems.(2025年发表在《柳叶刀》上的一份最新报告发现，全球超过一半的人口难以吃到健康饮食。这不仅会影响我们的身体健康状况，还会对环境产生切实负面影响，人类排放的全部温室气体中，约有30%来自各类粮食生产体系。)”可知，空格处需要承接前文这份报告的一系列严峻发现，自然引出下文行星健康饮食这一解决方案。G选项“These findings have set off alarm bells among health and environmental experts worldwide.(这些发现给世界各地的健康和环境领域专家敲响了警钟。)”能承接上文提出的问题，引起下文对策，该选项中“These findings”指代上文“found that”，“health and environmental”呼应上文“health and well-being”及“environment”、“greenhouse gasses”两大话题。 2．由上文“Enter the planetary health diet (PHD) — a recommendation that can not only improve our health, but also reduce diet-related chronic disease, and potentially reduce the food-related emissions we make by an impressive 50% by 2050.(行星健康饮食（PHD）应运而生——这一饮食建议不仅能改善我们的健康状况、减少饮食引发的慢性病，还有望在2050年前将饮食相关的排放量大幅降低50%。)”可知，本段介绍行星健康饮食的两大优势：健康效益与环保效益。A选项“It sounds like a win-win for both our own well-being and the world.(这对于我们自身健康和整个地球环境来说，听起来是一项双赢举措。)”是对上文健康、环保两项利好内容的总结概括，能收束本段内容，该选项中“own well-being and the world”对应上文“improve our health”、“reduce the food-related emissions”双重好处。 3．由下文“It recommends at least five portions of fruit and veg a day, a portion of legumes, a portion of nuts, and plenty of whole grains. Animal products aren’t necessarily off the menu altogether, but it’s suggested that chicken, fish, and red meat play a much smaller role in your diet. It also suggests consuming seasonally available foods, with flexibility for different cultures centred around local dishes and produce.(它建议每天至少摄入五份蔬果、一份豆类、一份坚果以及足量全谷物。动物性食物并非完全禁止食用，但建议鸡肉、鱼肉、红肉在饮食中的占比大幅降低。该饮食模式还提倡食用应季食材，可结合不同地域文化、本土特色菜肴与物产灵活调整。)”可知，本段详细介绍了饮食细则。F选项“The PHD is centred around a plant-rich diet, but with a more flexible approach.（行星健康饮食以富含植物的饮食为核心，但执行方式更加灵活。）”能总领整段，概括下文全部饮食细则，该选项中“plant-rich diet”对应下文“fruit and veg”、“legumes”、“nuts”、“whole grains”植物类主食；“flexible approach”呼应下文“seasonally available foods”、“flexibility for different cultures”因地制宜的灵活原则。 4．由上文“The environmental benefits of the PHD could be huge, purely from its reduction of animal-produce.(仅仅依靠减少肉制品摄入，行星健康饮食就能带来巨大的环境效益。)”以及下文“It could prevent 11 million premature adult deaths every year, and is linked with reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer.(它每年可避免1100万成年人过早死亡，有助于降低心血管疾病、糖尿病甚至癌症的发病概率。)”可知，空处需从环境优势转向健康优势，B选项“Evidence reveals that it comes with notable health benefits, too.(证据表明，它同时还具备十分显著的健康益处。)”能起到承上启下的过渡作用，该选项中“too”体现递进关系，承接上文 “environmental benefits”，“health benefits”对应下文“prevent 11 million premature adult deaths”、“reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer”。 5．由下文“The PHD isn’t about a huge diet transformation, but consistent small steps that make a massive impact.(行星健康饮食不需要大刀阔斧地彻底改变饮食结构，而是依靠长期坚持的微小改变，就能产生巨大效果。)”可知，本段说明践行该饮食要循序渐进、不必全盘改动饮食习惯。D选项“You don’t need to completely change your eating habits to follow the PHD.(想要遵循行星健康饮食，你不必彻底改变自己的饮食习惯。)”能总起本段，与下文呼应，该选项中“don’t need to completely change”同义替换下文“isn’t about a huge diet transformation”。 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit3 Period 2 Using Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.减肥 __________ 2.减少；削减 __________ 3.完全戒掉；停止 __________ 4.以……为主食 __________ 5.富含 __________ 6.而不是 __________ 7.对……有好处 __________ 8.归根结底；最重要的是 __________ 9.走正确的路/做法正确 __________ 10.取决于；由……决定 __________ 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 |  debate | evidence | consume | limit | nutrition | digest | consistent | trick | attitude | fundamental | Maintaining a healthy diet is important for everyone. However, there is much 1. __________ about what a truly healthy diet is. Recent 2. __________ suggests that sugar, not fat, is the main cause of poor health. To stay healthy, we should 3. __________ our sugar intake. The average American 4. __________ about 1/3 of their sugar through sweet drinks alone. It is better to eat fresh foods that are full of vitamins and 5. __________ rather than processed foods. Another key point is to eat slowly. This allows your body to better 6. __________ your food and helps you enjoy it more. Having 7. __________ eating habits, such as eating at the same time each day, is also beneficial. There is no single 8. __________ to healthy eating. The most 9. __________ thing is to have a positive 10. __________ towards food. Ask yourself: do you eat to live, or live to eat? 三、单句语法填空。 1.There is much debate as to what __________ (make) up a healthy diet. 2.Scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health __________ (be) fatty food. 3.There is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it __________ (be) sugar. 4.People who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely __________ (die) from heart disease. 5.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit __________ (we) to less than 100–150 calories a day from sugar. 6.It is better to eat fresh foods rather than __________ (process) foods. 7.It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain __________ (tell) your body that you are full. 8.People who chew too quickly end up __________ (eat) too much food. 9.Eating slowly allows your body __________ (digest) your food better. 10.It is up to you __________ (decide) how you want to live. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.关于什么构成健康饮食，有很多争论。 There is much __________ as to what __________ up a healthy diet. 2.越来越多的证据表明，不良健康的主要驱动因素与其说是脂肪，不如说是糖。 There is __________ evidence that the real __________ of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 3.通过糖摄入每日热量25%或以上的人，死于心脏病的可能性是其他人的两倍。 People who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as __________ to die from heart disease. 4.如果你想健康，你必须减少甜点的摄入。 If you want to be __________, you have to __________ __________ on desserts. 5.你应该完全戒掉含糖饮料。 You should __________ __________ sweet drinks altogether. 6.吃新鲜食物比吃加工食品更好。 It is better to eat __________ foods __________ __________ processed foods. 7.适量的饮食中应该有肉、豆类或奶制品。 It is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your __________, as they provide the __________ protein. 8.健康饮食的一个基本关键是慢慢吃。 A __________ key to healthy eating is to eat __________. 9.如果你主要为了营养而吃东西，那么你的饮食就走对了路。 If you are using food mostly for __________, then you are on the __________ __________ with your diet. 10.如何生活以及如何做出正确的饮食决定取决于你自己。 It is __________ to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the __________ decisions about your diet. 五、语法填空 The promise of sugar substitutes is simple. 1 (find) in many products, from yoghurts to toothpaste, they are claimed to let people eat lots of sweet treats without gaining weight and 2 (suffer) from tooth rot caused by bacteria that love sugar. Now an increasing amount of research is suggesting that these substances may have surprisingly bitter 3 (consequence). Sugar substitutes are a 4 (mix) group. They include man-made ones and substances taken from plants, including sugar alcohols. Some taste hundreds of times sweeter than sugar, so they 5 (add) in tiny amounts. However, things may not be so simple. Some short-term controlled studies lasting 4 to 12 weeks did find that 6 (replace) sugar with substitutes leads to less weight gain. 7 many large, long-term observational studies found the opposite: people who consume more sugar substitutes end up 8 (gain) more weight than those who consume the least; other studies show those who consume more also have higher rates of heart problems, diabetes and cancer than abstainers. Proving cause and effect is hard. It could be that some consumers are already 9 high risk for diabetes or heart disease and trying to eat more healthily. Still, the overall research was worrying enough for the World Health Organization to advise, in 2023, against using sugar substitutes to control weight 10 prevent diseases. This advice does not apply to people with diabetes. 六、阅读理解 We’ve seen health drinks for health, like lemon water for health and weight loss. Now, the latest drink riding the online health wave is hot water. A popular example is drinking hot or warm water before breakfast. The trend is part of a habit of people taking on elements of Eastern medicine and Chinese culture and sharing their experiences on social media. Many say it improves digestion, leaving them feeling thinner and less swollen. Some also say it improves the skin, helps with weight loss and even “cleans the body”. For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine has encouraged warm water drinking to keep the digestive system at its best, as cold drinks are thought to cause stomach discomfort. In fact, few scientific studies have examined these benefits. A 2016 study on gallbladder (胆囊) surgery patients found that those who drank warm water passed gas sooner than those who did not, but it did not greatly speed up their first bowel movement (排便). Despite the lack of strong evidence, drinking warm water in the morning does make biological sense, explained Dr. Lisa Ganjhu. Digestion slows during sleep, and anything taken in upon waking causes waves of tightening and loosening in the muscles of the food pipe, stomach, and intestines (肠道). Dr. Folasade May added that temperature may not be important; warm or cold water might have the same effect, which can reduce swelling. Claims about water “cleaning” the body are not correct, said food expert Kristen Smith — the liver and kidneys deal with poisons, not water. As for weight loss, a small drop on the scale after a large bowel movement does not last. The main benefit of drinking warm water may simply be getting water. Upon waking, the body is a little short of water, so drinking water can help with signs like hunger, headaches, and feeling slow. Over time, it is adequate in the body, which makes waste softer and helps keep you regular and feel less swollen. As Dr. May concluded, the hot water trend proves what is already known. “Water is really good for you in every way.” So, whether you drink it hot, warm, or cold — just drink it. Your stomach doesn’t care about the temperature; it just wants the water. 11．What might be the main reason for the hot water trend? A．The discomfort caused by drinking cold water. B．The better effect on weight loss than lemon water. C．The influence of Chinese culture and Eastern medicine. D．The desire to become a social media influencer with more fans. 12．Why does the author mention the 2016 study? A．To prove that warm water significantly helps pass gas soon. B．To recommend warm water for gallbladder surgery patients. C．To show that the hot water effects are not scientifically proved. D．To compare the effects of warm water and cold water for digestion. 13．What is the author’s attitude towards hot water? A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Concerned. 14．What is the passage mainly about? A．The advantages of drinking warm water. B．Ways to keep healthy with various drinks. C．Scientific analysis of drinking warm water. D．The effect of traditional Chinese medicine on health. 七、七选五 A recent report, published in The Lancet in 2025, found that more than half of the world’s population struggles to access healthy diets. This doesn’t just impact our health and well-being, but also has real consequences on our environment, with around 30% of all the greenhouse gasses we produce coming from our food systems. 1 Enter the planetary health diet (PHD) — a recommendation that can not only improve our health, but also reduce diet-related chronic disease, and potentially reduce the food-related emissions we make by an impressive 50% by 2050. 2 But what actually is the PHD? 3 It recommends at least five portions of fruit and veg a day, a portion of legumes, a portion of nuts, and plenty of whole grains. Animal products aren’t necessarily off the menu altogether, but it’s suggested that chicken, fish, and red meat play a much smaller role in your diet. It also suggests consuming seasonally available foods, with flexibility for different cultures centred around local dishes and produce. Why should we follow it? The environmental benefits of the PHD could be huge, purely from its reduction of animal-produce. It offers flexibility without requiring the full commitment of going meat-free. 4 It could prevent 11 million premature adult deaths every year, and is linked with reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer. How can we follow it? 5 The PHD isn’t about a huge diet transformation, but consistent small steps that make a massive impact. A simple way to begin is to adjust your plate division, eat a “rainbow” of fruit and veg, and gradually reduce daily meat consumption. Even following a few of its core ideas can bring great benefits for your health and the environment. A．It sounds like a win-win for both our own well-being and the world. B．Evidence reveals that it comes with notable health benefits, too. C．The PHD’s environmental benefits come fully from vegan principles (纯素原则). D．You don’t need to completely change your eating habits to follow the PHD． E．The PHD has become the most popular dietary trend in countries across the world. F．The PHD is centred around a plant-rich diet, but with a more flexible approach. G．These findings have set off alarm bells among health and environmental experts worldwide. （2022·全国乙一卷·阅读理解）The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 1．Why was the sugar tax introduced? A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks. C．To protect children’s health. D．To encourage research in education. 2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products’ sugar content. 3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke. 4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story. C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit3 Period 2 Using Language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.减肥 __________ 2.减少；削减 __________ 3.完全戒掉；停止 __________ 4.以……为主食 __________ 5.富含 __________ 6.而不是 __________ 7.对……有好处 __________ 8.归根结底；最重要的是 __________ 9.走正确的路/做法正确 __________ 10.取决于；由……决定 __________ 【答案】 1.lose weight 2.cut down on 3.cut out 4.live on / consist of 5.be full of / be rich in 6.rather than 7.be good for / be beneficial to 8.in the end / after all 9.be on the right track 10.be up to 【解析】 1.lose weight — 意为"减肥"。课文中讨论健康饮食时涉及的常见目标。 2.cut down on — 课文原句："you have to cut down on desserts." 意为"减少（摄入量）"，后接名词或动名词。 3.cut out — 课文原句："cut out sweet drinks altogether." 意为"完全戒掉、停止（摄入）"。 4.live on / consist of — "live on" 意为"以……为主食"；课文讨论饮食时强调食物构成。 5.be full of / be rich in — 课文原句："fruit and vegetables, which are full of vitamins and fibre." 意为"富含"。be rich in 为同义表达。 6.rather than — 课文原句："rather than processed foods." 意为"而不是"，表示对比选择。 7.be good for / be beneficial to — 意为"对……有好处"。课文中讨论健康饮食的益处。 8.in the end / after all — 意为"归根结底、毕竟"。课文末段强调健康饮食的根本在于态度。 9.be on the right track — 课文原句："you are on the right track with your diet." 意为"做法正确、走在正确的道路上"。 10.be up to — 课文原句："It is up to you to decide..." 意为"取决于；由……决定"。 二、阅读下面的短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空。 |  debate | evidence | consume | limit | nutrition | digest | consistent | trick | attitude | fundamental | Maintaining a healthy diet is important for everyone. However, there is much 1. __________ about what a truly healthy diet is. Recent 2. __________ suggests that sugar, not fat, is the main cause of poor health. To stay healthy, we should 3. __________ our sugar intake. The average American 4. __________ about 1/3 of their sugar through sweet drinks alone. It is better to eat fresh foods that are full of vitamins and 5. __________ rather than processed foods. Another key point is to eat slowly. This allows your body to better 6. __________ your food and helps you enjoy it more. Having 7. __________ eating habits, such as eating at the same time each day, is also beneficial. There is no single 8. __________ to healthy eating. The most 9. __________ thing is to have a positive 10. __________ towards food. Ask yourself: do you eat to live, or live to eat? 【答案】 1.debate 2.evidence 3.limit 4.consumes 5.nutrition 6.digest 7.consistent 8.trick 8.fundamental 10.attitude 【解析】 1.debate — "much debate" 意为"很多争论"。课文原句："There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet." 2.evidence — "recent evidence" 意为"最近的证据"。课文原句："there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar." 3.limit — 此处需要动词原形。"limit our sugar intake" 意为"限制我们的糖摄入量"。 4.consumes — 此处需要动词作谓语，主语 the average American 为单数，谓语用 consumes。课文原句："The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone." consume 意为"摄入、消费"。 5.nutrition — 此处需要名词。"vitamins and nutrition" 意为"维生素和营养"。 6.digest — 此处需要动词原形。"digest your food" 意为"消化食物"。课文原句："Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better." 7.consistent — 此处需要形容词修饰 habits。"consistent eating habits" 意为"一致的/规律的饮食习惯"。课文原句："studies show that consistent eating habits ... are better for our health." 8.trick — "no single trick" 意为"没有单一的诀窍/方法"。课文原句："There is no one trick to healthy eating." 9.fundamental — "the most fundamental thing" 意为"最根本的事情"。fundamental 意为"根本的、基础的"。 20.attitude — 此处需要名词。"positive attitude towards food" 意为"对食物的积极态度"。课文原句："healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude towards food." 三、单句语法填空。 1.There is much debate as to what __________ (make) up a healthy diet. 2.Scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health __________ (be) fatty food. 3.There is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it __________ (be) sugar. 4.People who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely __________ (die) from heart disease. 5.The American Heart Association recommends that we limit __________ (we) to less than 100–150 calories a day from sugar. 6.It is better to eat fresh foods rather than __________ (process) foods. 7.It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain __________ (tell) your body that you are full. 8.People who chew too quickly end up __________ (eat) too much food. 9.Eating slowly allows your body __________ (digest) your food better. 10.It is up to you __________ (decide) how you want to live. 【答案】 1.makes 2.is 3.is 4.to die 5.ourselves 6.processed 7.to tell 8.eating 9.to digest 10.to decide 【解析】 1.makes — 疑问词 what 作主语，视为单数，谓语用 makes。what makes up a healthy diet 意为"是什么构成了健康饮食"。 2.is — "a big enemy" 为单数主语，谓语用 is。此处为宾语从句中的谓语。 3.is — "as it is sugar" 意为"而是糖"。as 在此处表示"而是"，it 指代 real driver，谓语用 is。 4.to die — "be likely to do" 为固定搭配，意为"可能做某事"，后接不定式 to die。 5.ourselves — "limit ourselves to" 意为"将我们自己限制在……"。主语 we 与宾语一致，用反身代词 ourselves。 6.processed — 此处需要过去分词作定语修饰 foods。"processed foods" 意为"加工食品"。process 的过去分词为 processed。 7.to tell — "it takes...for sb/sth to do" 为固定句型，意为"花费（时间）做某事"，不定式 to tell 作真正主语。 8.eating — "end up doing" 为固定搭配，意为"最终做了某事"，后接动名词 eating。 9.to digest — "allow sb to do" 为固定搭配，意为"允许某人做某事"，后接不定式 to digest。 10.to decide — "It is up to you to decide" 意为"由你来决定"。不定式 to decide 作真正主语，it 为形式主语。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.关于什么构成健康饮食，有很多争论。 There is much __________ as to what __________ up a healthy diet. 2.越来越多的证据表明，不良健康的主要驱动因素与其说是脂肪，不如说是糖。 There is __________ evidence that the real __________ of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. 3.通过糖摄入每日热量25%或以上的人，死于心脏病的可能性是其他人的两倍。 People who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as __________ to die from heart disease. 4.如果你想健康，你必须减少甜点的摄入。 If you want to be __________, you have to __________ __________ on desserts. 5.你应该完全戒掉含糖饮料。 You should __________ __________ sweet drinks altogether. 6.吃新鲜食物比吃加工食品更好。 It is better to eat __________ foods __________ __________ processed foods. 7.适量的饮食中应该有肉、豆类或奶制品。 It is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your __________, as they provide the __________ protein. 8.健康饮食的一个基本关键是慢慢吃。 A __________ key to healthy eating is to eat __________. 9.如果你主要为了营养而吃东西，那么你的饮食就走对了路。 If you are using food mostly for __________, then you are on the __________ __________ with your diet. 10.如何生活以及如何做出正确的饮食决定取决于你自己。 It is __________ to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the __________ decisions about your diet. 【答案】 1.debate, makes 2.increasing, driver 3.likely 4.healthy, cut down 5.cut out 6.fresh, rather than 7.diet, necessary 8.fundamental, slowly 9.nutrition, right track 10.up, right 【解析】 1.debate, makes — "much debate" 意为"很多争论"；"makes up" 意为"构成"。疑问词 what 作主语，谓语用 makes。课文原句。 2.increasing, driver — "increasing evidence" 意为"越来越多的证据"；"driver" 意为"驱动因素/推动力"。课文原句。 3.likely — "twice as likely to do" 意为"两倍可能做某事"。be likely to do 为固定搭配。课文原句。 4.healthy, cut down — "cut down on" 意为"减少（摄入量）"。课文原句："if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts." 5.cut out — "cut out" 意为"完全戒掉、停止"。课文原句："cut out sweet drinks altogether." 6.fresh, rather than — "fresh foods" 意为"新鲜食物"；"rather than" 意为"而不是"。课文原句。 7.diet, necessary — "in your diet" 意为"在你的饮食中"；"necessary protein" 意为"必需的蛋白质"。课文原句。 8.fundamental, slowly — "fundamental key" 意为"基本关键"；"eat slowly" 意为"慢慢吃"。课文原句。 9.nutrition, right track — "nutrition" 意为"营养"；"on the right track" 意为"做法正确、走在正确的道路上"。课文原句。 10.up, right — "It is up to you" 意为"由你决定"；"make the right decisions" 意为"做出正确的决定"。课文原句。 五、语法填空 The promise of sugar substitutes is simple. 1 (find) in many products, from yoghurts to toothpaste, they are claimed to let people eat lots of sweet treats without gaining weight and 2 (suffer) from tooth rot caused by bacteria that love sugar. Now an increasing amount of research is suggesting that these substances may have surprisingly bitter 3 (consequence). Sugar substitutes are a 4 (mix) group. They include man-made ones and substances taken from plants, including sugar alcohols. Some taste hundreds of times sweeter than sugar, so they 5 (add) in tiny amounts. However, things may not be so simple. Some short-term controlled studies lasting 4 to 12 weeks did find that 6 (replace) sugar with substitutes leads to less weight gain. 7 many large, long-term observational studies found the opposite: people who consume more sugar substitutes end up 8 (gain) more weight than those who consume the least; other studies show those who consume more also have higher rates of heart problems, diabetes and cancer than abstainers. Proving cause and effect is hard. It could be that some consumers are already 9 high risk for diabetes or heart disease and trying to eat more healthily. Still, the overall research was worrying enough for the World Health Organization to advise, in 2023, against using sugar substitutes to control weight 10 prevent diseases. This advice does not apply to people with diabetes. 【答案】 1．Found 2．suffering 3．consequences 4．mixed 5．are added 6．replacing 7．But 8．gaining 9．at 10．or 【导语】文章介绍了糖替代品在食品中的广泛应用，指出虽然短期研究显示其有助于控制体重，但长期观察研究发现其与增重及多种疾病风险相关，世卫组织因此不建议将其用于控制体重。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们存在于从酸奶到牙膏的许多产品中，被声称可以让人们吃大量甜食而不增重，也不会因喜爱糖的细菌导致蛀牙。此处作伴随状语，find用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语They(指sugar substitutes)之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们存在于从酸奶到牙膏的许多产品中，被声称可以让人们吃大量甜食而不增重，也不会因喜爱糖的细菌导致蛀牙。suffer from与前面的gaining weight并列关系，作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式suffering。 3．考查名词复数。句意：现在越来越多的研究表明，这些物质可能有着出人意料的苦涩后果。consequence是可数名词，此处表示多种后果，应用复数形式consequences作宾语。 4．考查形容词。句意：糖替代品是一个混杂的群体。提示词mix(混合)在句中修饰名词group，应用形容词mixed作定语。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：有些比糖甜数百倍，所以它们被添加的量很小。add是谓语动词，与主语they之间是被动关系；句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为复数代词，谓语用复数形式are added。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些为期4至12周的短期对照研究确实发现，用糖替代品替代糖会导致体重增加较少。此处作主语，用动名词形式replacing。 7．考查连词。句意：但许多大型长期观察性研究发现，情况恰恰相反：摄入更多代糖的人最终比摄入最少的人体重增加更多；其他研究表明，相比不摄入代糖的人，摄入更多的人患上心脏病、糖尿病和癌症的几率也更高。前文提到短期研究发现用替代品替代糖可减少体重增加，后文指出长期研究有相反结果，前后为转折关系，应用连词but连接；句首单词首字母大写。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：但许多大型长期观察性研究发现，情况恰恰相反：摄入更多代糖的人最终比摄入最少的人体重增加更多；其他研究表明，相比不摄入代糖的人，摄入更多的人患上心脏病、糖尿病和癌症的几率也更高。end up doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“最终做了某事”，用动名词gaining作宾语。 9．考查介词。句意：也许一些消费者已经处于糖尿病或心脏病的高风险中，并试图吃得更健康。at risk为固定搭配，意为“处于风险中”；at high risk for...“处于……的高风险中”。 10．考查连词。句意：尽管如此，整体研究仍然足以让世界卫生组织在2023年建议不要使用糖替代品来控制体重或预防疾病。此处表示“或者”，在有否定含义的句子中用连词or连接两个并列成分。 六、阅读理解 We’ve seen health drinks for health, like lemon water for health and weight loss. Now, the latest drink riding the online health wave is hot water. A popular example is drinking hot or warm water before breakfast. The trend is part of a habit of people taking on elements of Eastern medicine and Chinese culture and sharing their experiences on social media. Many say it improves digestion, leaving them feeling thinner and less swollen. Some also say it improves the skin, helps with weight loss and even “cleans the body”. For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine has encouraged warm water drinking to keep the digestive system at its best, as cold drinks are thought to cause stomach discomfort. In fact, few scientific studies have examined these benefits. A 2016 study on gallbladder (胆囊) surgery patients found that those who drank warm water passed gas sooner than those who did not, but it did not greatly speed up their first bowel movement (排便). Despite the lack of strong evidence, drinking warm water in the morning does make biological sense, explained Dr. Lisa Ganjhu. Digestion slows during sleep, and anything taken in upon waking causes waves of tightening and loosening in the muscles of the food pipe, stomach, and intestines (肠道). Dr. Folasade May added that temperature may not be important; warm or cold water might have the same effect, which can reduce swelling. Claims about water “cleaning” the body are not correct, said food expert Kristen Smith — the liver and kidneys deal with poisons, not water. As for weight loss, a small drop on the scale after a large bowel movement does not last. The main benefit of drinking warm water may simply be getting water. Upon waking, the body is a little short of water, so drinking water can help with signs like hunger, headaches, and feeling slow. Over time, it is adequate in the body, which makes waste softer and helps keep you regular and feel less swollen. As Dr. May concluded, the hot water trend proves what is already known. “Water is really good for you in every way.” So, whether you drink it hot, warm, or cold — just drink it. Your stomach doesn’t care about the temperature; it just wants the water. 11．What might be the main reason for the hot water trend? A．The discomfort caused by drinking cold water. B．The better effect on weight loss than lemon water. C．The influence of Chinese culture and Eastern medicine. D．The desire to become a social media influencer with more fans. 12．Why does the author mention the 2016 study? A．To prove that warm water significantly helps pass gas soon. B．To recommend warm water for gallbladder surgery patients. C．To show that the hot water effects are not scientifically proved. D．To compare the effects of warm water and cold water for digestion. 13．What is the author’s attitude towards hot water? A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Supportive. D．Concerned. 14．What is the passage mainly about? A．The advantages of drinking warm water. B．Ways to keep healthy with various drinks. C．Scientific analysis of drinking warm water. D．The effect of traditional Chinese medicine on health. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章分析了喝热水这一流行趋势，探讨了其文化来源、科学证据及专家观点，最终指出无论水温如何，喝水本身对健康有益。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The trend is part of a habit of people taking on elements of Eastern medicine and Chinese culture and sharing their experiences on social media. (这一趋势是人们接受东方医学和中国文化元素并在社交媒体上分享经验这一习惯的一部分。)”可知，热水趋势的主要原因可能是中国文化与东方医学的影响。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In fact, few scientific studies have examined these benefits. A 2016 study on gallbladder (胆囊) surgery patients found that those who drank warm water passed gas sooner than those who did not, but it did not greatly speed up their first bowel movement (排便). (事实上，很少有科学研究验证过这些好处。一项2016年针对胆囊手术患者的研究发现，喝温水的患者比不喝的患者排气更快，但并未显著加速首次排便。)”可推知，作者提到2016年的研究是为了支撑上一句的观点，说明热水的好处缺乏科学证据支持。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章客观呈现了对喝热水的支持与质疑两方面的观点，第二段指出其好处缺乏科学证据，第三段提到“生物意义上合理”，第四段指出“清洁身体”说法有误，最后一段总结“水本身有益”，作者未表达个人偏向，总体上态度是客观的。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“As Dr. May concluded, the hot water trend proves what is already known. “Water is really good for you in every way.” So, whether you drink it hot, warm, or cold — just drink it. (正如May博士所总结的，热水趋势证明了早已为人所知的事实：“水在各方面对身体都非常有益。”因此，无论你喝的是热的、温的还是冷的，只要饮用即可。)”可知，文章围绕“喝热水”这一流行趋势展开，从文化背景、科学研究、专家观点等多角度进行科学分析，最后回归到“喝水本身有益”的结论，因此，文章主要内容是对喝热水的科学分析。 七、七选五 A recent report, published in The Lancet in 2025, found that more than half of the world’s population struggles to access healthy diets. This doesn’t just impact our health and well-being, but also has real consequences on our environment, with around 30% of all the greenhouse gasses we produce coming from our food systems. 1 Enter the planetary health diet (PHD) — a recommendation that can not only improve our health, but also reduce diet-related chronic disease, and potentially reduce the food-related emissions we make by an impressive 50% by 2050. 2 But what actually is the PHD? 3 It recommends at least five portions of fruit and veg a day, a portion of legumes, a portion of nuts, and plenty of whole grains. Animal products aren’t necessarily off the menu altogether, but it’s suggested that chicken, fish, and red meat play a much smaller role in your diet. It also suggests consuming seasonally available foods, with flexibility for different cultures centred around local dishes and produce. Why should we follow it? The environmental benefits of the PHD could be huge, purely from its reduction of animal-produce. It offers flexibility without requiring the full commitment of going meat-free. 4 It could prevent 11 million premature adult deaths every year, and is linked with reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer. How can we follow it? 5 The PHD isn’t about a huge diet transformation, but consistent small steps that make a massive impact. A simple way to begin is to adjust your plate division, eat a “rainbow” of fruit and veg, and gradually reduce daily meat consumption. Even following a few of its core ideas can bring great benefits for your health and the environment. A．It sounds like a win-win for both our own well-being and the world. B．Evidence reveals that it comes with notable health benefits, too. C．The PHD’s environmental benefits come fully from vegan principles (纯素原则). D．You don’t need to completely change your eating habits to follow the PHD． E．The PHD has become the most popular dietary trend in countries across the world. F．The PHD is centred around a plant-rich diet, but with a more flexible approach. G．These findings have set off alarm bells among health and environmental experts worldwide. 【答案】1．G 2．A 3．F 4．B 5．D 【导语】文章主要介绍行星健康饮食（PHD）的诞生背景、具体饮食内容、遵循该饮食模式的双重好处以及践行它的具体方法。 【详解】1．由上文“A recent report, published in The Lancet in 2025, found that more than half of the world’s population struggles to access healthy diets. This doesn’t just impact our health and well-being, but also has real consequences on our environment, with around 30% of all the greenhouse gasses we produce coming from our food systems.(2025年发表在《柳叶刀》上的一份最新报告发现，全球超过一半的人口难以吃到健康饮食。这不仅会影响我们的身体健康状况，还会对环境产生切实负面影响，人类排放的全部温室气体中，约有30%来自各类粮食生产体系。)”可知，空格处需要承接前文这份报告的一系列严峻发现，自然引出下文行星健康饮食这一解决方案。G选项“These findings have set off alarm bells among health and environmental experts worldwide.(这些发现给世界各地的健康和环境领域专家敲响了警钟。)”能承接上文提出的问题，引起下文对策，该选项中“These findings”指代上文“found that”，“health and environmental”呼应上文“health and well-being”及“environment”、“greenhouse gasses”两大话题。 2．由上文“Enter the planetary health diet (PHD) — a recommendation that can not only improve our health, but also reduce diet-related chronic disease, and potentially reduce the food-related emissions we make by an impressive 50% by 2050.(行星健康饮食（PHD）应运而生——这一饮食建议不仅能改善我们的健康状况、减少饮食引发的慢性病，还有望在2050年前将饮食相关的排放量大幅降低50%。)”可知，本段介绍行星健康饮食的两大优势：健康效益与环保效益。A选项“It sounds like a win-win for both our own well-being and the world.(这对于我们自身健康和整个地球环境来说，听起来是一项双赢举措。)”是对上文健康、环保两项利好内容的总结概括，能收束本段内容，该选项中“own well-being and the world”对应上文“improve our health”、“reduce the food-related emissions”双重好处。 3．由下文“It recommends at least five portions of fruit and veg a day, a portion of legumes, a portion of nuts, and plenty of whole grains. Animal products aren’t necessarily off the menu altogether, but it’s suggested that chicken, fish, and red meat play a much smaller role in your diet. It also suggests consuming seasonally available foods, with flexibility for different cultures centred around local dishes and produce.(它建议每天至少摄入五份蔬果、一份豆类、一份坚果以及足量全谷物。动物性食物并非完全禁止食用，但建议鸡肉、鱼肉、红肉在饮食中的占比大幅降低。该饮食模式还提倡食用应季食材，可结合不同地域文化、本土特色菜肴与物产灵活调整。)”可知，本段详细介绍了饮食细则。F选项“The PHD is centred around a plant-rich diet, but with a more flexible approach.（行星健康饮食以富含植物的饮食为核心，但执行方式更加灵活。）”能总领整段，概括下文全部饮食细则，该选项中“plant-rich diet”对应下文“fruit and veg”、“legumes”、“nuts”、“whole grains”植物类主食；“flexible approach”呼应下文“seasonally available foods”、“flexibility for different cultures”因地制宜的灵活原则。 4．由上文“The environmental benefits of the PHD could be huge, purely from its reduction of animal-produce.(仅仅依靠减少肉制品摄入，行星健康饮食就能带来巨大的环境效益。)”以及下文“It could prevent 11 million premature adult deaths every year, and is linked with reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer.(它每年可避免1100万成年人过早死亡，有助于降低心血管疾病、糖尿病甚至癌症的发病概率。)”可知，空处需从环境优势转向健康优势，B选项“Evidence reveals that it comes with notable health benefits, too.(证据表明，它同时还具备十分显著的健康益处。)”能起到承上启下的过渡作用，该选项中“too”体现递进关系，承接上文 “environmental benefits”，“health benefits”对应下文“prevent 11 million premature adult deaths”、“reducing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and even cancer”。 5．由下文“The PHD isn’t about a huge diet transformation, but consistent small steps that make a massive impact.(行星健康饮食不需要大刀阔斧地彻底改变饮食结构，而是依靠长期坚持的微小改变，就能产生巨大效果。)”可知，本段说明践行该饮食要循序渐进、不必全盘改动饮食习惯。D选项“You don’t need to completely change your eating habits to follow the PHD.(想要遵循行星健康饮食，你不必彻底改变自己的饮食习惯。)”能总起本段，与下文呼应，该选项中“don’t need to completely change”同义替换下文“isn’t about a huge diet transformation”。 （2022·全国乙一卷·阅读理解）The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 1．Why was the sugar tax introduced? A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks. C．To protect children’s health. D．To encourage research in education. 2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products’ sugar content. 3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke. 4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story. C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $