专题04 选词填空-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年九上英语期中考 满分冲刺考前梯度特训（人教版）

考前特训 专题04 选词填空 期中考满分冲刺（广东专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “选词填空”给出一方框的候选词，要求从中选词并按正确形式填入短文。它表面考“选哪个词”，实际考两件事：一是**判断这个词在句中该是什么词性**，二是**把这个词变成合乎语法的形式**（时态、单复数、比较级、副词化）。方框里 12 个词、只有 10 个空，多出来的两个往往是“看起来最像”的干扰项。 二、命题形式与题量 共 8 篇短文，每篇上方 1 个词库方框（12 个词，含 2 个多余项），正文设 10 个空，每空一词；合计 80 题，正文词数 158–215 词。词库横向排布、词与词之间空格不等，是先打乱顺序再投放的，不能按位置对应。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） 通过逐题统计本次特训 80 个答案的词性，考点集中在以下八类： （1）动词形式（17 题，约 21%）：时态与语态（reached / continued / influenced）、第三人称单数（stops）、非谓语（getting / passing / to continue）。 （2）名词形式（13 题，约 16%）：可数名词复数（scientists / discoveries / tickets）、名词化（education / difference / discovery）、不可数（science / peace）。 （3）形容词（14 题，约 18%）：原级作定语或表语（narrow / beautiful / lucky）、比较级（worse）、最高级（greatest）。 （4）连词与连接词（13 题，约 16%）：because / Though / but / and / or / while，以及疑问词引导（how / where / who / that）。 （5）介词与固定搭配（8 题，约 10%）：in bad condition、on、between、about、including、pick up 这类“动词 + 小品词”。 （6）代词与限定词（7 题，约 9%）：形容词性物主代词（their / his）、宾格（them）、反身代词（herself）、不定代词（others / both / some）。 （7）副词（6 题，约 8%）：修饰动词或整句（greatly / differently / politely / Slowly / Luckily / too）。 （8）冠词（2 题，约 3%）：a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等，真正的分水岭是“词形变化”：能选对词、但没变形（如选出 great 却填 great 而非 greatly），是最常见的丢分方式。趋势有两点：一是词库固定 12 词、2 个多余，干扰项故意与正确答案同词根或同词性；二是纯虚词（冠词、介词）占比不高，但仍会出现，属于“错了很显眼”的题。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先通读全文，不看方框。判断时态（过去 / 现在完成）、文体（记叙 / 说明）、人物关系，这三样决定了后面一大半的变形方向。 第二步：给方框里的 12 个词标词性。n. / v. / adj. / adv. / conj. / prep. / pron. / art.，一词多性的标两个（如 light 既可名可形），这是后面“按词性选词”的基础。 第三步：看空格位置定词性，再在同类词里选。空格前是冠词或形容词，多半填名词；空格后是名词，多半填形容词；句首两分句之间，多半填连词。选定后立刻变形。 第四步：通读复核。检查每词是否只用了一次、时态是否一致、单复数是否吻合，最后确认剩下的两个词确实是多余项。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词复数——one of the + 最高级 + 复数（以Passage 2 题 4 为例）：原文 “Hawking was one of the most respected ___ in modern physics.” 空格前是 one of the most respected，这一结构后面必须接**可数名词复数**，词库里只有 scientist 可数，故填 scientists。提示：看到 one of the / among the，先想复数，这是选词填空里最稳的一条信号。 【点拨2】动词非谓语——to do 表目的（以Passage 2 题 5 为例）：原文 “He valued every new day to ___ his research on the universe.” 空格前是不定式符号 to，后面须接动词原形；句意是“珍惜每一天去继续研究”，词库里 continue 合适，故填 continue。提示：to 后面不一定是介词，先判断它是“不定式符号”还是“介词”——后接动词原形就是不定式。 【点拨3】冠词——辅音音素前用 a（以Passage 2 题 6 为例）：原文 “He created ___ new way of thinking to work out hard problems.” 空格后是单数可数名词 way，此处泛指“一种新的思维方式”，new 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。提示：冠词题只看两点——可数单数 + 泛指，然后听首音素（不是首字母），an hour 就是典型反例。 【点拨4】连词——让步关系（以Passage 1 题 5 为例）：原文 “___ he lived abroad for years, Yang never forgot his motherland.” 前后是“在国外多年”与“从未忘记祖国”的对立关系，需要一个表让步的连词，词库中 Though 合适，故填 Though（句首大写）。提示：看到“前后意思相反却都成立”，就是让步；because 管因果、but 管转折，别混。 【点拨5】代词——形容词性物主代词（以Passage 1 题 4 为例）：原文 “In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with ___ partner Li Zhengdao.” 空格后是名词 partner，需要一个**形容词性物主代词**来限定“他的搭档”，词库中 he 的形容词性物主代词是 his，故填 his。提示：空格后紧跟名词 → 用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/their）；空格单独作宾语 → 用宾格（him/them）。 【点拨6】介词——地点前用 in（以Passage 4 题 3 为例）：原文 “Wang was born ___ Nanjing, and she grew up in the late 1700s.” born 后接出生地，城市名前用 in，故填 in。提示：in + 大地点（城市/国家/省份），on + 具体某一天或平面，at + 小地点或时刻。 【点拨7】固定搭配——动词 + 小品词（以Passage 3 题 5 为例）：原文 “…he said while bending to pick it ___ .” pick 与空格构成“捡起”的固定搭配 pick up；代词 it 作宾语时要放在动词与小品词之间，故填 up。提示：动词短语遇到代词宾语会“拆开”（pick it up / turn it off），这也是判断该填小品词的线索。 【点拨8】副词——修饰动词用 -ly（以Passage 7 题 4 为例）：原文 “However, things have ___ improved these years.” 空格后是动词 improved，需要一个副词修饰“改善的程度”；词库给的是形容词 great，须变为副词 greatly，故填 greatly。提示：这是选词填空最典型的失分点——词选对了、形没变；凡是修饰动词、形容词或整句，一律先想 -ly。 【点拨9】句首副词与标点（以Passage 8 题 9 为例）：原文 “___ , we arrived just in time for the performance.” 空格位于句首、后面紧跟逗号，需要一个修饰整句的副词；词库里 lucky 是形容词，须变为 Luckily（句首大写），故填 Luckily。提示：句首 + 逗号，多半是“评注性副词”（Luckily / Slowly / Finally），记得大写首字母。 三、易错提醒 • 只选词不变形：选出 great 后必须问一句“这里要形容词还是副词”，答案往往是 greatly。 • 忽略主谓一致：一般现在时主语是第三人称单数，动词要加 -s（stops）。 • 忘记每词只用一次：选完在词库上划掉，最后剩下的两个就是多余项。 • 看到 than 却没选比较级：worse / better 这类不规则比较级要单独记。 Passage 1 search  between  great  he  science  influence  different  educate  though  first  support  difficult Have you known about Yang Zhenning? He is one of the 1 physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 and passed away in Beijing in 2025, at the age of 103. Yang had a strong love for 2 . As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for further 3 . In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with 4 partner Li Zhengdao. This made him very famous around the world. 5 he lived abroad for years, Yang never forgot his motherland. In 1971, he became the 6 Chinese scholar to visit the People’s Republic of China after a long period of separation, helping build links 7 Chinese and American scientists. He also raised money to 8 Chinese scholars to study abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and made a big 9 in the field of science in China. We will always remember this great man. He has not only made great contributions to physics but also 10 many young scientists in China. Passage 2 one, great, discover, a, include, continue, on, forget, real, whole, for, science World‑famous scientist Stephen Hawking (霍金) died at the age of seventy‑six in his home in Cambridge, England 1 March 14, 2018. The British Prime Minister said Hawking was among the 2 scientists of his time. “People will never 3 his achievements,” she said. Hawking was one of the most respected 4 in modern physics. A serious disease made him stay in a wheelchair. However, the disease did not stop him. He valued every new day to 5 his research on the universe. He said, “Where there is life, there is hope.” He created 6 new way of thinking to work out hard problems. This special thinking brought him important 7 . He was the 8 person to put forward the idea of special energy in the universe. Hawking also tried to share his difficult ideas with common people. He wrote many popular books, 9 the best‑seller A Brief History of Time. It made him well‑known around the world. Hawking spent his 10 life studying the universe. What an inspiring scientist he was! Passage 3 slow   continue   way   rush   pass   while   up   both   who   necessary   none   surprise “Sorry” is a word that people in Britain often say in their daily life. One day 1 I was walking on the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing (轻擦) against my handbag. He 2 his way, but turned back and said “sorry” to me. Even in a 3 he didn’t forget to say “sorry”. One day, after I bought some bananas, the shopkeeper was 4 me the change, but I was not ready for it and a coin dropped onto the ground. “Sorry, madam,” he said while bending to pick it 5 . I was 6 why he said “sorry” to me. It’s not his fault. Another time, I stepped on a man’s foot at the entrance to a cinema. At the same time, we 7 said “sorry”. 8 , I got to know that when something unpleasant happens in daily life, the British do not care much about 9 is wrong. If someone is in trouble, a word “sorry” is always 10 . Perhaps that is why I seldom see people quarrel on the buses or streets in Britain. Passage 4 they  from  stop  period  before  differently  luck  discover  because  use  in    learn In the old days, many people thought that the sky was mysterious. They believed that some “strange” events, like eclipses (日食；月食), happened 1 gods in heaven were upset. But Wang Zhenyi, a Chinese scientist, thought 2 . She believed in science and preferred to study through experiments. Wang was born 3 Nanjing, and she grew up in the late 1700s. During that 4 , most girls were not allowed to receive a formal education. However,Wang was 5 . Her father encouraged her to read. Wang studied maths, astronomy and medicine, and gained valuable knowledge. To 6 more about eclipses, Wang did experiments at home. She 7 a round table as the earth, a crystal (水晶) lamp as the sun, and a mirror as the moon. By moving them around in a circle, she made an important 8 about how eclipses happen. She showed two kinds of eclipses. When the moon blocks (阻挡) sunlight, a solar eclipse occurs (发生). When the earth 9 sunlight from reaching the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs. Throughout her life, Wang developed many important theories and shared 10 with other scientists and the public. What a great woman she was! Passage 5 and how too open past but beautiful a direction make some politely Do you like to travel abroad? When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know 1 to speak politely. Today we learn 2 tips about it. American people like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind to them. People in other countries do so, 3 . It is a very good habit. You should say “thank you” when someone keeps the door 4 for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or your city is very 5 . “Thank you” is used not only between friends, 6 also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is 7 short sentence they often use. When you hear someone say that behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk 8 you. It’s not polite to break others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” 9 at first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noises before others. Let’s all learn to say “Thank you” 10 “Excuse me”. Passage 6 habit  that  open  use  but  or  when  one  about  make  how  other Do you like to travel abroad? When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know 1 to speak politely. Today we learn two tips 2 it. American people like to say “Thank you” when others help them 3 say something kind to them. People of many other countries do so, too. It is a very good 4 . You should say “thank you”when someone passes you the salt on the table, when someone walking before you keeps the door 5 for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is 6 not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me”is the other short sentence they often use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know 7 somebody wants to walk past you. It’s not polite to break 8 when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” 9 , and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or 10 any unpleasant noises before others. Let’s all learn to say“Thank you”and“Excuse me”. Passage 7 great reach in hope grow million they bad because narrow  peace  quickly In the past few years, China’s countryside has changed a lot. Life there is much better than before. In the old days, villages weren’t developed. Roads were 1 and dirty, making travel difficult. Houses were small and often 2 bad condition. Many families couldn’t afford good food or clothes. Some children even had to stop going to school 3 their families were too poor. However, things have 4 improved these years. The government has supported farmers by building better roads, schools, and hospitals. With these changes, the countryside has 5 a new level of development. Now, 6 of people live in modern houses. They have clean water, electricity, and the internet. Farmers use machines to 7 crops, which makes their work easier. Another big change is that many young people who left 8 villages to work in cities are now returning. They bring back new skills and ideas, helping their hometowns develop. Some start businesses, while others work in local factories. Even relatives who moved away years ago are coming back to visit and are surprised by the progress. Of course, not everything in the past was 9 than it is now. People used to live simpler lives and knew their neighbors well. China’s countryside will continue to develop, bringing more 10 and happiness to its people. Passage 8 ticket　luckily　but　recall　get　where　look　when　on　opera　herself　under Memory problems are common among people of all ages. Many adults often ask themselves if their memory is 1 worse. For example, some people often forget when they have their meetings, and others cannot remember important dates. These small memory failures can be troubling, but there are ways to improve. Take my grandmother as an example. Last month, she planned to watch an 2 at a famous theatre. She invited the whole family to join her, and we were all very excited. She had bought four 3 and put them in her wallet. She had talked about the show for days. However, on the day of the show, she could not remember 4 she had put the tickets. She looked through her wallet carefully 5 failed. A worried look appeared 6 her face. “I must have left them on the kitchen table, ” she said to 7 . Actually, she had left the tickets on the table after checking the seat numbers. With my father’s gentle reminders (提醒), she finally 8 where they were. 9 , we arrived just in time for the performance. After the show, we enjoyed a delicious meal in a restaurant and had a wonderful time together. We all 10 forward to watching another performance together. For my grandmother, now, whenever we plan to go out, she double-checks her tickets long before we leave. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题04 选词填空 期中考满分冲刺（广东专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “选词填空”给出一方框的候选词，要求从中选词并按正确形式填入短文。它表面考“选哪个词”，实际考两件事：一是**判断这个词在句中该是什么词性**，二是**把这个词变成合乎语法的形式**（时态、单复数、比较级、副词化）。方框里 12 个词、只有 10 个空，多出来的两个往往是“看起来最像”的干扰项。 二、命题形式与题量 共 8 篇短文，每篇上方 1 个词库方框（12 个词，含 2 个多余项），正文设 10 个空，每空一词；合计 80 题，正文词数 158–215 词。词库横向排布、词与词之间空格不等，是先打乱顺序再投放的，不能按位置对应。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 80 题梳理） 通过逐题统计本次特训 80 个答案的词性，考点集中在以下八类： （1）动词形式（17 题，约 21%）：时态与语态（reached / continued / influenced）、第三人称单数（stops）、非谓语（getting / passing / to continue）。 （2）名词形式（13 题，约 16%）：可数名词复数（scientists / discoveries / tickets）、名词化（education / difference / discovery）、不可数（science / peace）。 （3）形容词（14 题，约 18%）：原级作定语或表语（narrow / beautiful / lucky）、比较级（worse）、最高级（greatest）。 （4）连词与连接词（13 题，约 16%）：because / Though / but / and / or / while，以及疑问词引导（how / where / who / that）。 （5）介词与固定搭配（8 题，约 10%）：in bad condition、on、between、about、including、pick up 这类“动词 + 小品词”。 （6）代词与限定词（7 题，约 9%）：形容词性物主代词（their / his）、宾格（them）、反身代词（herself）、不定代词（others / both / some）。 （7）副词（6 题，约 8%）：修饰动词或整句（greatly / differently / politely / Slowly / Luckily / too）。 （8）冠词（2 题，约 3%）：a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等，真正的分水岭是“词形变化”：能选对词、但没变形（如选出 great 却填 great 而非 greatly），是最常见的丢分方式。趋势有两点：一是词库固定 12 词、2 个多余，干扰项故意与正确答案同词根或同词性；二是纯虚词（冠词、介词）占比不高，但仍会出现，属于“错了很显眼”的题。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先通读全文，不看方框。判断时态（过去 / 现在完成）、文体（记叙 / 说明）、人物关系，这三样决定了后面一大半的变形方向。 第二步：给方框里的 12 个词标词性。n. / v. / adj. / adv. / conj. / prep. / pron. / art.，一词多性的标两个（如 light 既可名可形），这是后面“按词性选词”的基础。 第三步：看空格位置定词性，再在同类词里选。空格前是冠词或形容词，多半填名词；空格后是名词，多半填形容词；句首两分句之间，多半填连词。选定后立刻变形。 第四步：通读复核。检查每词是否只用了一次、时态是否一致、单复数是否吻合，最后确认剩下的两个词确实是多余项。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】名词复数——one of the + 最高级 + 复数（以Passage 2 题 4 为例）：原文 “Hawking was one of the most respected ___ in modern physics.” 空格前是 one of the most respected，这一结构后面必须接**可数名词复数**，词库里只有 scientist 可数，故填 scientists。提示：看到 one of the / among the，先想复数，这是选词填空里最稳的一条信号。 【点拨2】动词非谓语——to do 表目的（以Passage 2 题 5 为例）：原文 “He valued every new day to ___ his research on the universe.” 空格前是不定式符号 to，后面须接动词原形；句意是“珍惜每一天去继续研究”，词库里 continue 合适，故填 continue。提示：to 后面不一定是介词，先判断它是“不定式符号”还是“介词”——后接动词原形就是不定式。 【点拨3】冠词——辅音音素前用 a（以Passage 2 题 6 为例）：原文 “He created ___ new way of thinking to work out hard problems.” 空格后是单数可数名词 way，此处泛指“一种新的思维方式”，new 以辅音音素开头，故填 a。提示：冠词题只看两点——可数单数 + 泛指，然后听首音素（不是首字母），an hour 就是典型反例。 【点拨4】连词——让步关系（以Passage 1 题 5 为例）：原文 “___ he lived abroad for years, Yang never forgot his motherland.” 前后是“在国外多年”与“从未忘记祖国”的对立关系，需要一个表让步的连词，词库中 Though 合适，故填 Though（句首大写）。提示：看到“前后意思相反却都成立”，就是让步；because 管因果、but 管转折，别混。 【点拨5】代词——形容词性物主代词（以Passage 1 题 4 为例）：原文 “In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with ___ partner Li Zhengdao.” 空格后是名词 partner，需要一个**形容词性物主代词**来限定“他的搭档”，词库中 he 的形容词性物主代词是 his，故填 his。提示：空格后紧跟名词 → 用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/their）；空格单独作宾语 → 用宾格（him/them）。 【点拨6】介词——地点前用 in（以Passage 4 题 3 为例）：原文 “Wang was born ___ Nanjing, and she grew up in the late 1700s.” born 后接出生地，城市名前用 in，故填 in。提示：in + 大地点（城市/国家/省份），on + 具体某一天或平面，at + 小地点或时刻。 【点拨7】固定搭配——动词 + 小品词（以Passage 3 题 5 为例）：原文 “…he said while bending to pick it ___ .” pick 与空格构成“捡起”的固定搭配 pick up；代词 it 作宾语时要放在动词与小品词之间，故填 up。提示：动词短语遇到代词宾语会“拆开”（pick it up / turn it off），这也是判断该填小品词的线索。 【点拨8】副词——修饰动词用 -ly（以Passage 7 题 4 为例）：原文 “However, things have ___ improved these years.” 空格后是动词 improved，需要一个副词修饰“改善的程度”；词库给的是形容词 great，须变为副词 greatly，故填 greatly。提示：这是选词填空最典型的失分点——词选对了、形没变；凡是修饰动词、形容词或整句，一律先想 -ly。 【点拨9】句首副词与标点（以Passage 8 题 9 为例）：原文 “___ , we arrived just in time for the performance.” 空格位于句首、后面紧跟逗号，需要一个修饰整句的副词；词库里 lucky 是形容词，须变为 Luckily（句首大写），故填 Luckily。提示：句首 + 逗号，多半是“评注性副词”（Luckily / Slowly / Finally），记得大写首字母。 三、易错提醒 • 只选词不变形：选出 great 后必须问一句“这里要形容词还是副词”，答案往往是 greatly。 • 忽略主谓一致：一般现在时主语是第三人称单数，动词要加 -s（stops）。 • 忘记每词只用一次：选完在词库上划掉，最后剩下的两个就是多余项。 • 看到 than 却没选比较级：worse / better 这类不规则比较级要单独记。 Passage 1 search  between  great  he  science  influence  different  educate  though  first  support  difficult Have you known about Yang Zhenning? He is one of the 1 physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 and passed away in Beijing in 2025, at the age of 103. Yang had a strong love for 2 . As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for further 3 . In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with 4 partner Li Zhengdao. This made him very famous around the world. 5 he lived abroad for years, Yang never forgot his motherland. In 1971, he became the 6 Chinese scholar to visit the People’s Republic of China after a long period of separation, helping build links 7 Chinese and American scientists. He also raised money to 8 Chinese scholars to study abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and made a big 9 in the field of science in China. We will always remember this great man. He has not only made great contributions to physics but also 10 many young scientists in China. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．science 3．education 4．his 5．Though 6．first 7．between 8．support 9．difference 10．influenced 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的生平经历、科学成就以及他对中国科学发展的贡献。 【详解】1．句意：他是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“physicists”。结合“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构可知，此处表示“最伟大的物理学家之一”；great表示“伟大的”，最高级形式为greatest。 2．句意：杨振宁对科学有着浓厚的热爱。此处需要一个名词作介词“for”的宾语。结合“love for”以及后文介绍他研究物理可知，此处表示“对科学的热爱”；science表示“科学”，符合语境，所以选择science。 3．句意：后来他去美国接受进一步教育。此处需要一个名词作介词“for”的宾语。结合“went to the US”以及“further”可知，此处表示“进一步教育”；education表示“教育”，符合语境，所以选择educate变为education。 4．句意：1957年，他和他的搭档李政道一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰名词“partner”。1957年杨振宁和自己的搭档李政道共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，此处要表示“他的”搭档，方框内的主格代词he需要变为形容词性物主代词his，用来修饰名词partner，符合人物合作关系的指代逻辑。 5．句意：虽然他在国外生活多年，但杨振宁从未忘记祖国。此处需要一个连词连接两个句子，前后存在让步关系。结合“lived abroad for years”和“never forgot his motherland”可知，此处表示“虽然”；though表示“虽然”，符合语境，句首首字母大写，所以选择though。故填Though。 6．句意：1971年，他成为长期分离后第一位访问中华人民共和国的中国学者。此处需要一个序数词修饰名词“Chinese scholar”。后文提到中美经历了长期的隔绝之后，他是新中国成立后首个访华的华裔学者，这个行为具有开创性，方框内的序数词first（第一个）修饰Chinese scholar，准确体现了他这次访华的历史独特性。 7．句意：帮助建立中国科学家和美国科学家之间的联系。此处需要一个介词，构成固定搭配“between A and B”，表示“两者之间”。结合“Chinese and American scientists”可知，此处表示两者之间的联系，所以选择between。 8．句意：他还筹集资金支持中国学者出国学习。此处需要一个动词，位于不定式符号“to”之后，用动词原形。结合“raised money”以及“Chinese scholars to study abroad”可知，此处表示“支持中国学者学习”；support表示“支持”，符合语境，所以选择support。 9．句意：1999年，杨振宁回到清华大学，在中国科学领域产生了重大影响。此处需要一个名词作宾语。结合“made a big”可知，此处需要名词；固定搭配make a big difference表示“产生重大影响”，different变为名词difference。 10．句意：他不仅为物理学作出了巨大贡献，也影响了许多年轻科学家。此处需要一个动词作谓语，前文提到他的贡献不止于物理领域，后半句是延伸影响：他也对中国的众多年轻科学家产生了深远的引导作用。句子整体时态为现在完成时，结构是“has + 过去分词”，因此方框内的动词influence要变为过去分词influenced，和前面的made并列，符合他对后辈科研人员的长期影响逻辑。 Passage 2 one, great, discover, a, include, continue, on, forget, real, whole, for, science World‑famous scientist Stephen Hawking (霍金) died at the age of seventy‑six in his home in Cambridge, England 1 March 14, 2018. The British Prime Minister said Hawking was among the 2 scientists of his time. “People will never 3 his achievements,” she said. Hawking was one of the most respected 4 in modern physics. A serious disease made him stay in a wheelchair. However, the disease did not stop him. He valued every new day to 5 his research on the universe. He said, “Where there is life, there is hope.” He created 6 new way of thinking to work out hard problems. This special thinking brought him important 7 . He was the 8 person to put forward the idea of special energy in the universe. Hawking also tried to share his difficult ideas with common people. He wrote many popular books, 9 the best‑seller A Brief History of Time. It made him well‑known around the world. Hawking spent his 10 life studying the universe. What an inspiring scientist he was! 【答案】 1．on 2．greatest 3．forget 4．scientists 5．continue 6．a 7．discoveries 8．first 9．including 10．whole 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的生平、成就与贡献，赞扬了他面对疾病仍坚持研究的精神，以及他在物理学领域的影响力和对大众的启发。 【详解】1．句意：2018年3月14日，世界著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金在英国剑桥的家中逝世，享年76岁。具体日期March 14, 2018前需用时间介词on，故填on。 2．句意：英国首相表示，霍金是他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一。定冠词the后需用形容词修饰scientists，结合语境“霍金是他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一”，此处用great的最高级形式greatest，符合“among + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”结构，故填greatest。 3．句意：“人们永远不会忘记他的成就，”她说道。此处描述人们对霍金成就的态度，助动词will后接动词原形，结合语境“人们永远不会忘记他的成就”，故填forget。 4．句意：霍金是现代物理学界最受尊敬的科学家之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”，霍金是物理学家，属于科学家，science对应的“科学家”是scientist，复数形式为scientists，故填scientists。 5．句意：他珍惜崭新的每一天，致力于继续自己关于宇宙的研究。此处构成“valued every new day to do sth”结构，表“珍惜每一天去做某事”，结合语境“继续他的宇宙研究”，用动词原形continue，故填continue。 6．句意：他创造了一种全新的思维方式，用以破解难题。此处表“一种新的思考方式”，表泛指，且new以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，故填a。 7．句意：这种独特的思维方式为他带来了重要的发现。此处需名词作brought的宾语，结合语境“这种特殊思维给他带来了重要发现”，discover对应的名词“发现”是discovery，为可数名词，此处表泛指用复数形式discoveries，故填discoveries。 8．句意：他是第一个提出宇宙中存在特殊能量这一观点的人。此处表“第一个提出宇宙特殊能量观点的人”，需用序数词，one对应的序数词是first，符合“the + 序数词 + 名词”结构，故填first。 9．句意：他撰写了众多科普书籍，其中包括畅销书《时间简史》。此处举例说明他的畅销书，用include的介词形式including，表“包括”，作补充说明，故填including。 10．句意：霍金毕生都在研究宇宙，他是一位多么鼓舞人心的科学家啊！此处修饰名词life，结合语境“他的一生都在研究宇宙”，whole表示“整个的”，符合“one’s whole life”的固定搭配，故填whole。 Passage 3 slow   continue   way   rush   pass   while   up   both   who   necessary   none   surprise “Sorry” is a word that people in Britain often say in their daily life. One day 1 I was walking on the street, a young man ran by hurriedly, brushing (轻擦) against my handbag. He 2 his way, but turned back and said “sorry” to me. Even in a 3 he didn’t forget to say “sorry”. One day, after I bought some bananas, the shopkeeper was 4 me the change, but I was not ready for it and a coin dropped onto the ground. “Sorry, madam,” he said while bending to pick it 5 . I was 6 why he said “sorry” to me. It’s not his fault. Another time, I stepped on a man’s foot at the entrance to a cinema. At the same time, we 7 said “sorry”. 8 , I got to know that when something unpleasant happens in daily life, the British do not care much about 9 is wrong. If someone is in trouble, a word “sorry” is always 10 . Perhaps that is why I seldom see people quarrel on the buses or streets in Britain. 【答案】 1．while 2．continued 3．rush 4．passing 5．up 6．surprised 7．both 8．Slowly 9．who 10．necessary 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国人在日常生活中常说“对不起”的习惯，并通过几个具体事例说明了这一习惯背后的文化含义。 【详解】1．句意：一天，当我正在街上走的时候，一个年轻人匆匆跑过。此处需要连词，用来引导时间状语从句，while意为“当……时候”，while引导的时间状语从句，从句当中常搭配过去进行时，符合本句语境，故填while。 2．句意：他继续赶路，但转过身来对我说“对不起”。此处需要谓语动词，方框内continue意为“继续”；整篇短文讲述过去发生的亲身见闻，全文基本时态为一般过去时，因此动词要变为过去式continued，故填continued。 3．句意：即使在匆忙中，他也没有忘记说“对不起”。此处需要名词，in a rush为固定短语，意为“匆忙，急急忙忙”，用来描述路人赶路时十分仓促的状态，故填rush。 4． 句意：有一天，我买完一些香蕉之后，店主正递给我找零。此处需要实义动词，pass意为“传递”；空格前面已经给出be动词was，本句时态为过去进行时，结构为was+动词的现在分词，pass对应的现在分词形式为passing，故填passing。 5． 句意：“对不起，女士。”他一边说着，一边弯腰把它捡了起来。此处需要副词小品词构成短语动词，pick it up为固定短语，意为“捡起”，符合语境，故填up。 6．句意：我很惊讶他为什么对我说“对不起”。此处需要形容词放在be动词之后作表语，方框给出单词surprise意为“使惊讶”；‑ed结尾的形容词surprised多用来修饰人，表示“（人）感到惊讶的”，符合主语“I”的语境，故填surprised。 7．句意：同时，我们都说了“对不起”。此处需要不定代词，both意为“两者都”，用来指代前面提到的我和被踩到脚的男士两个人，故填both。 8．句意：渐渐地，我了解到当日常生活中发生不愉快的小事时……。此处需要副词放在句首作状语，方框内slow为形容词，意为“缓慢的”；其副词形式slowly意为“慢慢地，渐渐地”，置于句首首字母必须大写，故填Slowly。 9．句意：英国人不怎么在意是谁的错。about后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语且指人，who引导从句表示“谁”，故填who。 10．句意：如果有人陷入麻烦，一句“对不起”总是很有必要。此处需要形容词，放在系动词is后面作表语，necessary意为“必要的”，符合语境，故填necessary。 Passage 4 they  from  stop  period  before  differently  luck  discover  because  use  in    learn In the old days, many people thought that the sky was mysterious. They believed that some “strange” events, like eclipses (日食；月食), happened 1 gods in heaven were upset. But Wang Zhenyi, a Chinese scientist, thought 2 . She believed in science and preferred to study through experiments. Wang was born 3 Nanjing, and she grew up in the late 1700s. During that 4 , most girls were not allowed to receive a formal education. However,Wang was 5 . Her father encouraged her to read. Wang studied maths, astronomy and medicine, and gained valuable knowledge. To 6 more about eclipses, Wang did experiments at home. She 7 a round table as the earth, a crystal (水晶) lamp as the sun, and a mirror as the moon. By moving them around in a circle, she made an important 8 about how eclipses happen. She showed two kinds of eclipses. When the moon blocks (阻挡) sunlight, a solar eclipse occurs (发生). When the earth 9 sunlight from reaching the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs. Throughout her life, Wang developed many important theories and shared 10 with other scientists and the public. What a great woman she was! 【答案】 1．because 2．differently 3．in 4．period 5．lucky 6．learn 7．used 8．discovery 9．stops 10．them 【导语】本文介绍中国女天文学家王贞仪，讲述她不迷信古人说法，在家做实验研究日食月食，并分享研究成果的故事。 【详解】1．句意：他们相信一些“奇特的”现象，例如日食月食的发生，是因为天上的神明发怒了。根据前后两句为因果关系，because表示“因为”，用来解释现象发生的原因，因此填because。 2．句意：但是中国科学家王贞仪想法不同。thought是动词，要用副词修饰；differently副词，表示“不同地”，因此填differently。 3．句意：王贞仪出生在南京，成长于18世纪晚期。be born in是固定搭配，表示“出生在某地”，因此填in。 4．句意：在那个时期，大多数女孩不允许接受正规教育。during that period是固定搭配，表示“在那个时期”，period表示“时期”，因此填period。 5．句意：然而，王贞仪是幸运的。was后面接形容词作表语；luck名词，形容词形式lucky，表示“幸运的”，因此填lucky。 6．句意：为了更多地了解日食月食，王贞仪在家做实验。To后接动词原形，learn about是固定搭配，表示“了解”，因此填learn。 7．句意：她使用圆桌当作地球，水晶灯当作太阳，镜子当作月亮。本段为一般过去时，use表示“使用”，过去式used，因此填used。 8．句意：通过移动它们，她取得了关于日食月食成因的重大发现。important后面接名词；discover动词，名词形式discovery，表示“发现”，因此填discovery。 9．句意：当地球阻挡阳光到达月球时，月食就会发生。本句为一般现在时，主语the earth是单数，stop表示“阻挡”，第三人称单数形式stops，因此填stops。 10．句意：王贞仪一生提出许多重要理论，并和其他科学家与公众分享它们。shared后面用人称代词宾格作宾语，they的宾格them，指代前面的theories，因此填them。 Passage 5 and how too open past but beautiful a direction make some politely Do you like to travel abroad? When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know 1 to speak politely. Today we learn 2 tips about it. American people like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind to them. People in other countries do so, 3 . It is a very good habit. You should say “thank you” when someone keeps the door 4 for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or your city is very 5 . “Thank you” is used not only between friends, 6 also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is 7 short sentence they often use. When you hear someone say that behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk 8 you. It’s not polite to break others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” 9 at first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noises before others. Let’s all learn to say “Thank you” 10 “Excuse me”. 【答案】 1．how 2．some 3．too 4．open 5．beautiful 6．but 7．a 8．past 9．politely 10．and 【导语】本文介绍了在跨文化交流中如何礼貌地使用“Thank you”和“Excuse me”这两个常用表达，并说明了它们在不同场合的用法和注意事项。 【详解】1．句意：当你访问外国时，知道如何礼貌地说话是很重要的。how to speak politely为“疑问词+不定式”结构，意为“如何礼貌地说话”，how符合语境。 2．句意：今天我们来学习一些关于这方面的建议。空格后为tips，需填限定词修饰可数名词复数。some意为“一些”，符合语境。 3．句意：其他国家的人也这样做。too意为“也”，用于肯定句句末，表示“其他国家的人也一样”，符合语境。 4．句意：当有人为你开着门时，你应该说“谢谢”。keep the door open为固定搭配，意为“让门开着”，open作宾语补足语，符合语境。 5．句意：或者你的城市非常美丽。空格前为is very，需填形容词作表语。beautiful意为“美丽的”，与“your work well”并列，都是值得感谢的赞美内容，符合语境。 6．句意：“谢谢”不仅用于朋友之间，也用于父母和孩子、兄弟姐妹、丈夫和妻子之间。not only...but also...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，but符合语境。 7．句意：“打扰一下”是他们经常使用的一个短句。空格后为short sentence，为可数名词单数，且首次提及，需填不定冠词a，符合语境。 8．句意：当你听到身后有人说这句话时，你就知道有人想从你身边走过。walk past为固定搭配，意为“走过，经过”，past符合语境。 9．句意：如果你想和他们中的一个人说话，首先要礼貌地说“打扰一下”，然后开始交谈。空格修饰动词say，需填副词。politely意为“礼貌地”，符合语境。 10．句意：让我们都学会说“谢谢”和“打扰一下”。空格连接“Thank you”和“Excuse me”两个并列成分，需填连词。and意为“和”，符合语境。 Passage 6 habit  that  open  use  but  or  when  one  about  make  how  other Do you like to travel abroad? When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know 1 to speak politely. Today we learn two tips 2 it. American people like to say “Thank you” when others help them 3 say something kind to them. People of many other countries do so, too. It is a very good 4 . You should say “thank you”when someone passes you the salt on the table, when someone walking before you keeps the door 5 for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is 6 not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me”is the other short sentence they often use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know 7 somebody wants to walk past you. It’s not polite to break 8 when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” 9 , and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or 10 any unpleasant noises before others. Let’s all learn to say“Thank you”and“Excuse me”. 【答案】 1．how 2．about 3．or 4．habit 5．open 6．used 7．that 8．others 9．first 10．make 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在国外旅行时，了解如何礼貌地说话很重要，并介绍了”Thank you“和”Excuse me“这两个常用礼貌用语的使用场合及重要性。 【详解】1．句意：当你访问一个国家时，知道如何礼貌地说话是很重要的。分析句子结构，know后接“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作宾语，结合语境表示“如何”说话。how如何，怎么样，符合语境。 2．句意：今天我们学习关于它的两条建议。分析句子结构，tips后接介词短语作后置定语，表示“关于……的建议”。介词about表示“关于”。 3．句意：当别人帮助他们或者对他们说一些亲切的话时，美国人喜欢说“谢谢”。分析句子结构，help them与say something kind是并列的选择关系。or表示 “或者”，用于并列选择。 4．句意：这是一个非常好的习惯。分析句子结构，a very good后接可数名词单数，结合语境指说谢谢是一个好“习惯”。habit名词，习惯，符合句意。 5．句意：当走在你前面的人为你把门开着时。分析句子结构，keep the door+adj.表示“保持门处于……状态”，open可作形容词表示“开着的”。 6．句意：“谢谢”不仅用于朋友之间，也用于父母与子女、兄弟姐妹、夫妻之间。分析句子结构，主语Thank you与use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态be+done。use变形为used，is used表被动。剩下单词无法构成被动语态，不能放在is后面。 7．句意：你知道有人想要从你身边走过。分析句子结构，know后接宾语从句，从句成分完整，that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用，无实际含义。when代入会造成从句句意重复，其余词不能承担宾语从句引导词的功能。 8．句意：当他们正在谈话时，打断别人是不礼貌的。分析句子结构，break后接宾语，结合备选词other，此处指打断“其他人”，需用复数形式others作宾语。剩余单词不能指代“其他人”这一复数概念。 9．句意：先说“打扰一下”，然后再开始说话。分析句子结构，此处表示顺序“首先”，与后文then呼应，one的序数词为first。“首先”，修饰前面动作。 10．句意：当你想在别人面前咳嗽或发出任何不愉快的声音时，你也应该这样做。分析句子结构，or连接并列成分，cough为原形，make noises为固定搭配，表示制造噪音。 Passage 7 great reach in hope grow million they bad because narrow  peace  quickly In the past few years, China’s countryside has changed a lot. Life there is much better than before. In the old days, villages weren’t developed. Roads were 1 and dirty, making travel difficult. Houses were small and often 2 bad condition. Many families couldn’t afford good food or clothes. Some children even had to stop going to school 3 their families were too poor. However, things have 4 improved these years. The government has supported farmers by building better roads, schools, and hospitals. With these changes, the countryside has 5 a new level of development. Now, 6 of people live in modern houses. They have clean water, electricity, and the internet. Farmers use machines to 7 crops, which makes their work easier. Another big change is that many young people who left 8 villages to work in cities are now returning. They bring back new skills and ideas, helping their hometowns develop. Some start businesses, while others work in local factories. Even relatives who moved away years ago are coming back to visit and are surprised by the progress. Of course, not everything in the past was 9 than it is now. People used to live simpler lives and knew their neighbors well. China’s countryside will continue to develop, bringing more 10 and happiness to its people. 【答案】 1．narrow 2．in 3．because 4．greatly 5．reached 6．millions 7．grow 8．their 9．worse 10．peace 【导语】本文讲述了中国乡村在过去几年里的巨大变化：从过去道路狭窄脏乱、住房简陋、家庭贫困，到如今政府支持建设、农民生活现代化，再到年轻人返乡创业，乡村不断发展，给人们带来更多和平与幸福。 【详解】1．句意：道路又窄又脏，使出行困难。此处与dirty并列，形容过去乡村道路的状况，narrow意为“狭窄的”，符合语境，故填narrow。 2．句意：房子很小，而且常常处于糟糕的状况。in bad condition为固定搭配，意为“处于糟糕的状况”，故填in。 3．句意：有些孩子甚至不得不辍学，因为他们的家庭太穷了。此处表示原因，because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 4．句意：然而，这些年来情况已经大大改善了。此处需要副词修饰动词improved，表示改善的程度，great的副词形式为greatly，意为“大大地、非常”，故填greatly。 5．句意：有了这些变化，乡村已经达到了一个新的发展水平。reach a new level意为“达到一个新水平”，此处与has构成现在完成时，故填reached。 6．句意：现在，数百万人住在现代化的房子里。millions of意为“数百万的”，表示数量众多，故填millions。 7．句意：农民使用机器种植庄稼，这使他们的工作更容易。grow crops意为“种植庄稼”，use machines to do sth.表示“用机器做某事”，故填grow。 8．句意：另一个巨大的变化是，许多离开他们村庄去城市工作的年轻人现在正在返回。此处修饰villages，表示“他们的村庄”，故填their。 9．句意：当然，过去并非一切都比现在更糟。此处与than连用，需用比较级，bad的比较级为worse，符合下文提到的“过去生活更简单”的对比语境。故填worse。 10．句意：中国的乡村将继续发展，给人民带来更多的和平与幸福。此处与happiness并列，peace意为“和平”，符合语境，故填peace。 Passage 8 ticket　luckily　but　recall　get　where　look　when　on　opera　herself　under Memory problems are common among people of all ages. Many adults often ask themselves if their memory is 1 worse. For example, some people often forget when they have their meetings, and others cannot remember important dates. These small memory failures can be troubling, but there are ways to improve. Take my grandmother as an example. Last month, she planned to watch an 2 at a famous theatre. She invited the whole family to join her, and we were all very excited. She had bought four 3 and put them in her wallet. She had talked about the show for days. However, on the day of the show, she could not remember 4 she had put the tickets. She looked through her wallet carefully 5 failed. A worried look appeared 6 her face. “I must have left them on the kitchen table, ” she said to 7 . Actually, she had left the tickets on the table after checking the seat numbers. With my father’s gentle reminders (提醒), she finally 8 where they were. 9 , we arrived just in time for the performance. After the show, we enjoyed a delicious meal in a restaurant and had a wonderful time together. We all 10 forward to watching another performance together. For my grandmother, now, whenever we plan to go out, she double-checks her tickets long before we leave. 【答案】 1．getting 2．opera 3．tickets 4．where 5．but 6．on 7．herself 8．recalled 9．Luckily 10．looked 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了记忆力下降是普遍现象，并通过作者祖母忘记歌剧票位置最后又找到的故事，说明了记忆力问题可以通过提醒等方式改善，以及家人共度美好时光的经历。 【详解】1．句意：许多成年人经常问自己他们的记忆是否正在变得更糟。根据空后的“worse”和所给词语，此处考查常用搭配get worse，意为“变得更糟”，be动词is后接动词现在分词构成现在进行时，表示逐渐变化的趋势，get的现在分词为getting。 2．句意：上个月，她计划在一家著名剧院看一场歌剧。根据“at a famous theatre”和所给词语可知，此处考查固定搭配watch an opera，意为“看歌剧”，不定冠词an后接可数名词单数。 3．句意：她买了四张票并把它们放在钱包里。根据下文的“she had put the tickets”和所给词语，ticket“票”符合语境，是可数名词，four“四”后接可数名词复数形式，ticket的复数为 tickets。 4．句意：然而，在演出那天，她不记得把票放在哪里了。remember“记得”后接宾语从句，结合“she had put the tickets”和所给词义，可知此处指地点，用where“哪里”引导宾语从句。 5．句意：她仔细翻遍了钱包，但没找到。“She looked through her wallet carefully”和“failed”之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but“但是”连接。 6．句意：她脸上出现了担忧的神情。on one’s face为固定搭配，意为“在某人脸上”。 7．句意：她自言自语道。根据语境和所给词语可知，此处考查固定短语say to oneself，意为“自言自语”，主语是she“她”，此处用her的反身代词herself“她自己”。 8．句意：在我的父亲温柔的提醒下，她终于想起了它们在哪里。根据“where they were”和所给词语，recall“回想起”符合语境，文章叙述过去发生的事情，谓语动词应用过去式，recall 的过去式为recalled。 9．句意：幸运地是，我们及时赶到了演出现场。此处修饰整句话，且位于句首，需要用副词形式，结合“we arrived just in time for the performance”和所给词语可知，及时赶到演出现场是一件幸运的事情，luckily“幸运地”符合语境，句首单词的首字母需大写。 10．句意：我们都期待着一起看另一场演出。根据语境和所给词语可知，此处考查固定短语look forward to，意为“期待”，此处陈述的是过去的事情，句子用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，look的过去式是looked。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $