Unit 5 Understanding ideas (导学案）英语外研版新教材九年级上册

Unit 5 A fine balance Understanding ideas导学案 1. 能识别并朗读与生态环境和自然保护相关的词汇：endangered, protection, harm, affect, rapid, benefit, permit, wonder 等。能理解谈论生态平衡的核心句型：The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. 等（学习理解） 2. 能在阅读活动中准确捕捉关键信息（如生态问题现状、保护举措及意义），完成填空、匹配等任务；能模仿示例，运用目标句型与同伴讨论如何与自然和谐共处。（应用实践） 3. 能根据提示设计一份“保护野生动物”的倡议书或演讲稿，包含现象、行动和意义。能通过查阅资料，了解濒危物种的处境，体现语言综合运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1. 掌握描述环境问题和保护行动的核心词汇及句型； 2. 正确运用 that / which 引导的定语从句。 难点：1. 连贯地描述生态破坏的现象、保护行动及其深远意义，逻辑清晰地整合现象、举措和主题升华； 2. 在语境中准确区分并运用 that / which 引导的定语从句。 一、单词填空 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ____________ 思考 2. ____________ 人类活动 3. ____________ 从……消失 4. ____________ 充满 5. ____________ 在这样一个世界里 6. ____________ 数量增长 7. ____________ 交通噪声 8. ____________ 大幅下降 9. ____________ 弥漫在空气中 10. ____________ 被……打扰 11. ____________ 砍伐 12. ____________ 夺回，收回 13. ____________ 自然奇观 14. ____________ 再一次 15. ____________ 纵观历史 16. ____________ 在……留下痕迹 17. ____________ 快速发展 18. ____________ 疏于关心 19. ____________ 重新开始，从头来过 20. ____________ 与……相处融洽 21. ____________ 至理名言 22. ____________ 随心所欲，为所欲为 23. ____________ 全球变暖 24. ____________ 温室气体 25. ____________ 太阳能电池板 二、翻译 1. _________________________________________________________ 经常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园空无一人。 2. _________________________________________________________ 动物数量很快就会增加，这并不令人惊讶。 3. _________________________________________________________ 动物们更容易找到彼此并组建家庭。 4. _________________________________________________________ 那些被污染遮蔽了多年的自然奇观再次显现了出来。 5. _________________________________________________________ 更清洁的空气和水让它们再一次展现全部的美。 6. _________________________________________________________ 但没有人来欣赏这样一个奇妙的世界了。 7. _________________________________________________________ 想到这件事，真是太令人难过了！ 8. _________________________________________________________ 人类社会的快速发展让我们对大自然的关心越来越少。 9. _________________________________________________________ 我们需要更多地思考如何与大自然和谐相处。 10. _________________________________________________________ 或许我们应该记住蒙田写过的明智之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 知识点1：What would happen to the natural world if people were gone? 如果人类消失了，自然界会发生什么？ ▶happen to 主要有两种用法： (1) 表示“发生在……身上”：sth. happen to sb.（某事发生在某人身上）。注意主语是“物”或“事”。 What happened to the ancient forests in this area over the past decade? 在过去的十年里，这个地区的古老森林发生了什么？ (2) 表示“碰巧做某事”：sb. happen to do sth.（某人碰巧做某事）。 I happened to meet the environmental scientist in the library yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在图书馆遇到了那位环境科学家。 ▶gone 是动词 go 的过去分词，在这里作形容词，意为“消失的；走了；不复存在的”。 常见搭配：be gone（消失了），gone forever（永远消失）。 When the terrible storm was gone, the villagers began to rebuild their homes. 当可怕的风暴过去后，村民们开始重建家园。 Many traditional ways of life are gone forever because of the rapid development of society. 由于社会的快速发展，许多传统的生活方式已经永远消失了。 知识点2：One day, all human activities stop. 有一天，所有人类活动都停止了。 用法讲解： ▶human：作名词，意为“人类”（复数：humans）。作形容词，意为“人类的” Human activities have a great impact on the environment. 人类活动对环境有很大影响。 知识点3：Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the sky. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 汽车从道路上消失，船只从河流中消失，飞机从天空中消失。通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园保持空无一人。 用法讲解： ▶disappear from：从……消失。from 后接地点。反义词为 appear in。 The beautiful birds disappeared from the forest because of the pollution. 由于污染，美丽的鸟儿从森林中消失了。 【拓展】反义词：appear 出现 ▶remain empty 保持空无一人。remain 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，意为“保持；仍然是”。 Although the tourists left, the beautiful beach remained empty and clean. 虽然游客离开了，但美丽的海滩保持空旷和干净。 知识点4：It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. 动物数量很快增加，这并不令人意外。 用法讲解： ▶increase：动词/名词，意为“增加；增长”。反义词为 reduce。 【搭配】increase in sth. 表示“在某方面增长”; increase in number（数量增加） The local government has seen a sharp increase in tourism income over the past five years. 当地政府在过去五年间，旅游收入出现了大幅增长。 The number of wild animals has increased greatly since the nature reserve was built. 自从自然保护区建立以来，野生动物的数量大幅增加。 【拓展】increase by...增加了; increase to... 增加到 知识点5：Without humans, the noise drops greatly as traffic stops.没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音大幅下降。 用法讲解: ▶drop：动词/名词，意为“下降；减少”“放弃”。反义词为 rise。过去式为：dropped。现在分词：dropping 【搭配】drop greatly（大幅下降），a drop in...（……的下降） The temperature will drop sharply tomorrow, so please wear more clothes. 明天气温将急剧下降，请多穿衣服。 Be careful not to drop the glass on the floor. 小心别把玻璃杯掉在地上。 He decided to drop the plan because of lack of funding. 因为缺少资金，他决定放弃这个计划。 The new environmental policy has led to a sharp drop in air pollution. 新的环保政策导致空气污染急剧下降。 知识点6：It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. 动物们更容易找到彼此并组建家庭。 用法讲解： ▶It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的）。It 是形式主语，to do sth. 是真正的主语。 much easier 中 much 修饰比较级，意为“容易得多”。 It is much easier for us to protect the environment if we work together. 如果我们齐心协力，保护环境对我们来说会容易得多。 It is important for students to learn about global warming. 对学生来说，了解全球变暖是很重要的。 知识点7： Plants benefit, too. 用法讲解： ▶1. 作动词 (v.) 不及物动词：意为“受益；获益”。benefit from sth.（从……中受益），后面接名词、代词或动名词。 Both humans and animals benefit from a clean and balanced environment. 人类和动物都受益于一个清洁、平衡的环境。 We benefit a lot from this environmental protection activity. 我们从这次环保活动中获益良多。 2. 及物动词：意为“有益于；对……有好处”。常用于：benefit sb./sth.（使某人/某事受益）。 Planting more trees will benefit the whole city. 种植更多的树将使整个城市受益。 The new environmental protection law will benefit everyone in the long run. 从长远来看，新环保法将惠及每个人。 3. 作名词 (n.) 意为“益处；好处；福利”。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 be of benefit to... = be beneficial to...（对……有益） Regular exercise is of great benefit to our health. = Regular exercise is highly beneficial to our health. 定期锻炼对我们的健康大有裨益。 for the benefit of...（为了……的利益） We should protect the forest for the benefit of future generations. 为了子孙后代的利益，我们应该保护森林。 get/gain benefit from...（从……中获得好处） Students can gain much benefit from reading books about natural history. 学生们可以从阅读自然历史书籍中获益良多。 知识点8：Trees grow freely without the danger of being cut down. 树木自由生长，无需担心被砍伐。 用法讲解： ▶grow freely：自由生长。freely 是副词，修饰动词 grow。 We should let the wild flowers grow freely in the fields. 我们应该让野花在田野里自由生长。 ▶the danger of (doing) sth …的危险。of 是介词，后接名词或动名词 The old trees are facing the danger of being cut down. 这些老树正面临被砍伐的危险。 We must protect the forests from the danger of being destroyed. 我们必须保护森林免受被破坏的危险。 Air pollution is a danger to everyone's health. 空气污染是对每个人健康的威胁。 ▶cut down 是“动词 + 副词”构成的及物动词短语，意为“砍倒；砍伐”。 People should be punished if they cut down trees illegally. 如果人们非法砍伐树木，应该受到惩罚。 We must stop cutting down the forests to protect the wildlife. 我们必须停止砍伐森林以保护野生动物。 We need to cut down on the use of plastic bags. 我们需要减少塑料袋的使用。 To save money, he decided to cut down his daily expenses. 为了省钱，他决定削减日常开支。 【拓展】cut up 切碎 cut off（切断；隔绝；中断） cut in（插嘴；插队） cut into（切入；打断） 知识点9：Forests take back the space that humans now live in. 森林夺回了人类现在居住的空间。 用法讲解： ▶take back：夺回，收回；收回说过的话take back the space 意为“夺回空间”。 We must take back the space that was once occupied by illegal buildings. 我们必须夺回曾被违章建筑占据的空间。 I'm sorry for what I said. I take back my words. 我为我说的话道歉。我收回我的话。 知识点10：But there aren't any people to admire such an amazing world. 但没有人来欣赏这样一个奇妙的世界。 用法讲解： ▶admire 作动词，意为“钦佩；赞赏；欣赏”。是及物动词，必须接宾语。 admire sb./sth.：钦佩/欣赏某人/某物。 I admire the way she protects the environment. 我欣赏她保护环境的方式。 admire sb. for sth.：因某事而钦佩/赞赏某人（高频考点）。 We all admire the firefighters for their courage in the face of danger. 我们都钦佩消防员们在危险面前的勇气。 【拓展】admiration (n. 钦佩，赞赏)；admirable (adj. 令人钦佩的) ▶such an amazing world 这样一个奇妙的世界 such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词（如课文：such an amazing world） It is such an important problem that we must solve it immediately. 这是一个如此重要的问题，我们必须立即解决。 We shouldn't throw rubbish into such a beautiful river. 我们不应该把垃圾扔进如此美丽的一条河里。 such + adj. + 不可数名词/复数名词（如：such clean water, such beautiful flowers） We should never waste such clean water. 我们绝不应该浪费如此干净的水。 We must take action to solve such serious environmental problems. 我们必须采取行动解决如此严重的环境问题。 such + a/an + n.（如：such a pity） Protecting the earth is such a big challenge that we need everyone's effort. 保护地球是一个如此大的挑战，我们需要每个人的努力。 We live in such an amazing world full of natural wonders. 我们生活在这样一个充满自然奇观的奇妙世界里。 【辨析】such 是形容词，中心词是名词。结构：such + a/an + adj. + n. so 是副词，中心词是形容词/副词。结构：so + adj./adv. 同义转换：such a/an + adj. + 单数名词 = so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词。 特例：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，必须用 so。 如：so many people（正确） 知识点11：Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth. 纵观历史，人类在地球上留下了许多痕迹。 用法讲解： ▶throughout history：纵观历史。throughout 是介词，意为“遍及；贯穿”。 Throughout history, humans have always been exploring the unknown. 纵观历史，人类一直在探索未知。 ▶mark：名词，痕迹；标记。 The heavy rain left deep marks on the soft ground. 大雨在松软的地面上留下了深深的痕迹。 【拓展】leave marks on...（在……上留下痕迹） 知识点12：The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. 人类社会的快速发展让我们更少关心自然了。 用法讲解： ▶rapid：形容词，快速的。副词形式为 rapidly。 We are living in a rapid changing world. 我们生活在一个快速变化的世界里。 ▶society：名词，社会。形容词为 social。 Everyone should make a contribution to our society. 每个人都应该为我们的社会做出贡献。 知识点13：We can't cancel it and start over. 我们不能取消它重新开始。 用法讲解： ▶cancel：动词，取消。如：cancel the meeting（取消会议） The outdoor sports meeting was cancelled/canceled because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，户外运动会取消了。 ▶start over：重新开始。相当于 start again。 If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to start over. 如果你犯了错误，不要害怕重新开始。 知识点12：Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote – let us permit nature to have her way. 也许我们应该记住蒙田曾写过的明智之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 用法讲解： ▶permit：动词，允许。 结构1：permit sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。（高频考点） The rules do not permit visitors to feed the animals. 规定不允许游客喂食动物。 The government does not permit cutting down trees in this nature reserve. 政府不允许在这个自然保护区砍伐树木。 结构2：permit doing sth.（允许做某事）。（⚠️ 易错点：绝对不能写成 permit to do sth.） We do not permit smoking in the library. 我们不允许在图书馆吸烟。 结构3：be permitted to do sth.（被允许做某事，被动语态）。 Students are not permitted to bring their phones to school. (学生不允许带手机来学校。) 【特殊用法】weather permitting（如果天气允许），这是一个独立主格结构，常在句首作条件状语。 Weather permitting, we will go on a picnic tomorrow. (如果天气允许，我们明天去野餐。) 作名词 (n.) —— 许可证；执照。可数名词。 如：a driving permit（驾驶证），a work permit（工作许可证）。 【拓展】 名词：permission，意为“允许；许可”。 You cannot enter the forest without permission. 未经许可，你不能进入森林。 If we want to build a factory here, we must ask for permission from the local government first. 如果我们想在这里建工厂，必须先向当地政府申请许可。 语法：that和which引导的定语从句 一、that 引导的定语从句 【基本用法】 先行词：既可以是人，也可以是物。在从句中可作主语或宾语。 The natural wonders that have been hidden by pollution appear again. (被污染遮蔽的自然奇观再次显现。) —— 作主语，指物 The hero that we admire saved many people. (我们钦佩的那位英雄救了很多人。) —— 作宾语，指人 【必考考点：只用 that 的情况（口诀：不定序数最高级，人物两兼 the very）】 1. 先行词是不定代词（all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等）。 Everything that can be done has been done. (能做的都做了。) 2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。) 3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。 He is the only person that can solve the problem. (他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。) 4. 先行词既有人又有物。 We talked about the people and things that we saw in the village. (我们谈论了在村里看到的人和事。) 5. 主句是以 Who 或 Which 开头的特殊疑问句（避免重复）。 Who is the person that is standing there? (站在那里的那个人是谁？) 二、which 引导的定语从句 【基本用法】 先行词：只能指物（或动物）。在从句中可作主语或宾语。 Air pollution is a problem which affects everyone. (空气污染是影响每个人的问题。) —— 作主语 The wise words which Montaigne wrote are very educational. (蒙田写的那些明智之言很有教育意义。) —— 作宾语 【必考考点：只用 which 的情况】 1. 介词后面只能用 which（不能用 that，也不能用 who）。 This is the house in which he lives. (这是他住的房子。) 注意：如果介词在句末，则可用 that。如：This is the house that/which he lives in. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）只能用 which，不能用 that。 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书很有趣。) 3. 先行词指代前面整个主句的内容时，只能用 which。 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. (他通过了考试，这让他父母很高兴。) 三、定语从句中引导词的省略 【核心规则】 关系代词（that / which / who / whom）在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略；作主语时，不能省略。 可以省略的情况（作宾语）： The film (that/which) we saw yesterday was wonderful. (我们昨天看的那部电影很棒。) 不能省略的情况（作主语）： The film that/which won the award is wonderful. (获奖的那部电影很棒。) 特殊注意： 如果关系代词前有介词，即使作宾语也不能省略。如：The house in which he lives.（in which 不能省略）。 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词作宾语时，也不能省略。如：The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.（which 不能省略）。 一、适当形式填空 1．The local government has set up a special ________ (organize) to help improve the living conditions of the homeless people. 2．AI is ________ (rapid) changing the way we live and study. 3．With the help of modern technology, our ________ (social) is developing rapidly. 4．Cars would ________ (appear) from the roads if humans were gone. 5．The price of vegetables ________ (drop) a lot because of the good weather last month. 二、单项选择 1．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Yang Zhenning is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 2．Because of the heavy snow, the school had to ________ the sports meeting. A．cancel B．manage C．inspire D．donate 3．The river will not be clean ________ we take action to stop pollution. A．if B．unless C．when D．because 4．The school rules don’t permit students ________ late for class. A．be B．being C．to be D．been 5．All Chinese people are proud of the ________ development of our country. A．rapid B．necessary C．important D．wide 三、完成句子 1. 我能收回借给你的那张地图吗？ Can I ________ ________ the map I lent you? 2．我们应该尽全力阻止人们砍伐树木。 We should try our best to stop people from ________ ________ trees. 3．不要因为他打碎了窗户而惩罚他。他不是故意的。 Don’t ________ him ________ breaking the window. He didn’t do it on purpose. 4．我们担心他，因为他和别人相处有困难。 We are worried about him because he has difficulty in ________ ________ ________ others. 5．This is the best choice. We can make it.（合并为定语从句） This is the best choice ________ ________ ________ ________. 4、 完形填空 It was a quiet night. Most people were sleeping when a strong earthquake suddenly 1 . The ground shook violently (剧烈地), and houses fell down in great numbers. Everyone felt scared and nervous at that terrible moment. They ran out of their houses quickly, shouting with 2 . Lots of people rushed to safe and open areas and stayed away from the falling buildings. However, some people couldn't get out of their houses because the exits (出口) were blocked. Finally, the terrible shaking stopped. Everything went 3 wrong after the disaster—broken cars, fallen power lines and dead animals could be seen everywhere on the street. The whole neighborhood was in a mess. Soon, Chinese 4 and firefighters arrived. They were busy searching for the 5 people with the help of rescue (救援) dogs. They also put up many warm tents for the homeless and 6 out enough food and clean water to the affected people. The medical team also took 7 as soon as they arrived. They carefully 8 the injured people and provided medical aid for them. The disaster hurt us both physically and mentally. It truly took a long time to 9 the great pain. We had to start rebuilding our homes after so much pain and loss. But now, with the government’s strong support and everyone’s hard work, we are full of hope. We will not only bring the good old days back, but also build a 10 and better home for our future. 1．A．hit B．stopped C．continued D．returned 2．A．joy B．fear C．anger D．curiosity 3．A．secretly B．recently C．hardly D．completely 4．A．farmers B．drivers C．soldiers D．players 5．A．missing B．careless C．lonely D．proud 6．A．pointed B．handed C．left D．tried 7．A．action B．breaks C．care D．risks 8．A．chose B．pushed C．checked D．interviewed 9．A．suffer from B．wake up C．hear of D．get over 10．A．luckier B．worse C．safer D．hotter 5、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式(不超过两个词) Tigers are beautiful animals. It’s hard to believe that there are only about one hundred South China tigers left on the earth—and few live in 1 wild. The largest animal in the world, the blue whale, 2 (live) in the oceans around the world. It feeds on one of the 3 (small) animals. Some people kill the whales. 4 a result, there may be only about 3,000 blue whales left now. The wild Bactrian camel is another animal 5 is in danger. It lives in Mongolia and the northwest of China. It is the only kind of camel in the world that has two humps (驼峰). There are only about 1,000 Bactrian camels left in the wild. Why is the situation getting so serious? People should think about the reasons 6 (care). There are lots of scientists doing important research to find out the best ways 7 (protect) animals. In order to make it 8 (easy) for the wild animals to live, we should protect their homes. We should also work hard to stop people from 9 (kill) them. If we can do these things 10 (good), there will be more wild animals in the world. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ $Unit 5 A fine balance Understanding ideas导学案 1. 能识别并朗读与生态环境和自然保护相关的词汇：endangered, protection, harm, affect, rapid, benefit, permit, wonder 等。能理解谈论生态平衡的核心句型：The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. 等（学习理解） 2. 能在阅读活动中准确捕捉关键信息（如生态问题现状、保护举措及意义），完成填空、匹配等任务；能模仿示例，运用目标句型与同伴讨论如何与自然和谐共处。（应用实践） 3. 能根据提示设计一份“保护野生动物”的倡议书或演讲稿，包含现象、行动和意义。能通过查阅资料，了解濒危物种的处境，体现语言综合运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1. 掌握描述环境问题和保护行动的核心词汇及句型； 2. 正确运用 that / which 引导的定语从句。 难点：1. 连贯地描述生态破坏的现象、保护行动及其深远意义，逻辑清晰地整合现象、举措和主题升华； 2. 在语境中准确区分并运用 that / which 引导的定语从句。 一、单词填空 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ____________ 思考 2. ____________ 人类活动 3. ____________ 从……消失 4. ____________ 充满 5. ____________ 在这样一个世界里 6. ____________ 数量增长 7. ____________ 交通噪声 8. ____________ 大幅下降 9. ____________ 弥漫在空气中 10. ____________ 被……打扰 11. ____________ 砍伐 12. ____________ 夺回，收回 13. ____________ 自然奇观 14. ____________ 再一次 15. ____________ 纵观历史 16. ____________ 在……留下痕迹 17. ____________ 快速发展 18. ____________ 疏于关心 19. ____________ 重新开始，从头来过 20. ____________ 与……相处融洽 21. ____________ 至理名言 22. ____________ 随心所欲，为所欲为 23. ____________ 全球变暖 24. ____________ 温室气体 25. ____________ 太阳能电池板 【答案】 1. think about 思考 2. human activities 人类活动 3. disappear from 从……消失 4. be full of 充满 5. in such a world 在这样一个世界里 6. increase in number 数量增长 7. traffic noise 交通噪声 8. drop greatly 大幅下降 9. fill the air 弥漫在空气中 10. be troubled by 被……打扰 11. cut down 砍伐 12. take back 夺回，收回 13. natural wonders 自然奇观 14. once again 再一次 15. throughout history 纵观历史 16. leave marks on 在……留下痕迹 17. rapid development 快速发展 18. care less for 疏于关心 19. start over 重新开始，从头来过 20. get along with 与……相处融洽 21. wise words 至理名言 22. have/get one's(own) way 随心所欲，为所欲为 23. global warming 全球变暖 24. greenhouse gases 温室气体 25. solar panel 太阳能电池板 二、翻译 1. _________________________________________________________ 经常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园空无一人。 2. _________________________________________________________ 动物数量很快就会增加，这并不令人惊讶。 3. _________________________________________________________ 动物们更容易找到彼此并组建家庭。 4. _________________________________________________________ 那些被污染遮蔽了多年的自然奇观再次显现了出来。 5. _________________________________________________________ 更清洁的空气和水让它们再一次展现全部的美。 6. _________________________________________________________ 但没有人来欣赏这样一个奇妙的世界了。 7. _________________________________________________________ 想到这件事，真是太令人难过了！ 8. _________________________________________________________ 人类社会的快速发展让我们对大自然的关心越来越少。 9. _________________________________________________________ 我们需要更多地思考如何与大自然和谐相处。 10. _________________________________________________________ 或许我们应该记住蒙田写过的明智之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 【答案】 1. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 2. It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. 3. It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. 4. The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 5. Cleaner air and water allow them to show all their beauty once again. 6. But there aren't any people to admire such an amazing world. 7. What a sad thing to think about! 8. The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. 9. We need to think more about how to get along with nature. 10. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote—let us permit nature to have her way. 知识点1：What would happen to the natural world if people were gone? 如果人类消失了，自然界会发生什么？ ▶happen to 主要有两种用法： (1) 表示“发生在……身上”：sth. happen to sb.（某事发生在某人身上）。注意主语是“物”或“事”。 What happened to the ancient forests in this area over the past decade? 在过去的十年里，这个地区的古老森林发生了什么？ (2) 表示“碰巧做某事”：sb. happen to do sth.（某人碰巧做某事）。 I happened to meet the environmental scientist in the library yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在图书馆遇到了那位环境科学家。 ▶gone 是动词 go 的过去分词，在这里作形容词，意为“消失的；走了；不复存在的”。 常见搭配：be gone（消失了），gone forever（永远消失）。 When the terrible storm was gone, the villagers began to rebuild their homes. 当可怕的风暴过去后，村民们开始重建家园。 Many traditional ways of life are gone forever because of the rapid development of society. 由于社会的快速发展，许多传统的生活方式已经永远消失了。 知识点2：One day, all human activities stop. 有一天，所有人类活动都停止了。 用法讲解： ▶human：作名词，意为“人类”（复数：humans）。作形容词，意为“人类的” Human activities have a great impact on the environment. 人类活动对环境有很大影响。 知识点3：Cars disappear from the roads, boats from the rivers, and planes from the sky. Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 汽车从道路上消失，船只从河流中消失，飞机从天空中消失。通常挤满人的街道、海滩和公园保持空无一人。 用法讲解： ▶disappear from：从……消失。from 后接地点。反义词为 appear in。 The beautiful birds disappeared from the forest because of the pollution. 由于污染，美丽的鸟儿从森林中消失了。 【拓展】反义词：appear 出现 ▶remain empty 保持空无一人。remain 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，意为“保持；仍然是”。 Although the tourists left, the beautiful beach remained empty and clean. 虽然游客离开了，但美丽的海滩保持空旷和干净。 知识点4：It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. 动物数量很快增加，这并不令人意外。 用法讲解： ▶increase：动词/名词，意为“增加；增长”。反义词为 reduce。 【搭配】increase in sth. 表示“在某方面增长”; increase in number（数量增加） The local government has seen a sharp increase in tourism income over the past five years. 当地政府在过去五年间，旅游收入出现了大幅增长。 The number of wild animals has increased greatly since the nature reserve was built. 自从自然保护区建立以来，野生动物的数量大幅增加。 【拓展】increase by...增加了; increase to... 增加到 知识点5：Without humans, the noise drops greatly as traffic stops.没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音大幅下降。 用法讲解: ▶drop：动词/名词，意为“下降；减少”“放弃”。反义词为 rise。过去式为：dropped。现在分词：dropping 【搭配】drop greatly（大幅下降），a drop in...（……的下降） The temperature will drop sharply tomorrow, so please wear more clothes. 明天气温将急剧下降，请多穿衣服。 Be careful not to drop the glass on the floor. 小心别把玻璃杯掉在地上。 He decided to drop the plan because of lack of funding. 因为缺少资金，他决定放弃这个计划。 The new environmental policy has led to a sharp drop in air pollution. 新的环保政策导致空气污染急剧下降。 知识点6：It is much easier for animals to find each other and form families. 动物们更容易找到彼此并组建家庭。 用法讲解： ▶It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的）。It 是形式主语，to do sth. 是真正的主语。 much easier 中 much 修饰比较级，意为“容易得多”。 It is much easier for us to protect the environment if we work together. 如果我们齐心协力，保护环境对我们来说会容易得多。 It is important for students to learn about global warming. 对学生来说，了解全球变暖是很重要的。 知识点7： Plants benefit, too. 用法讲解： ▶1. 作动词 (v.) 不及物动词：意为“受益；获益”。benefit from sth.（从……中受益），后面接名词、代词或动名词。 Both humans and animals benefit from a clean and balanced environment. 人类和动物都受益于一个清洁、平衡的环境。 We benefit a lot from this environmental protection activity. 我们从这次环保活动中获益良多。 2. 及物动词：意为“有益于；对……有好处”。常用于：benefit sb./sth.（使某人/某事受益）。 Planting more trees will benefit the whole city. 种植更多的树将使整个城市受益。 The new environmental protection law will benefit everyone in the long run. 从长远来看，新环保法将惠及每个人。 3. 作名词 (n.) 意为“益处；好处；福利”。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 be of benefit to... = be beneficial to...（对……有益） Regular exercise is of great benefit to our health. = Regular exercise is highly beneficial to our health. 定期锻炼对我们的健康大有裨益。 for the benefit of...（为了……的利益） We should protect the forest for the benefit of future generations. 为了子孙后代的利益，我们应该保护森林。 get/gain benefit from...（从……中获得好处） Students can gain much benefit from reading books about natural history. 学生们可以从阅读自然历史书籍中获益良多。 知识点8：Trees grow freely without the danger of being cut down. 树木自由生长，无需担心被砍伐。 用法讲解： ▶grow freely：自由生长。freely 是副词，修饰动词 grow。 We should let the wild flowers grow freely in the fields. 我们应该让野花在田野里自由生长。 ▶the danger of (doing) sth …的危险。of 是介词，后接名词或动名词 The old trees are facing the danger of being cut down. 这些老树正面临被砍伐的危险。 We must protect the forests from the danger of being destroyed. 我们必须保护森林免受被破坏的危险。 Air pollution is a danger to everyone's health. 空气污染是对每个人健康的威胁。 ▶cut down 是“动词 + 副词”构成的及物动词短语，意为“砍倒；砍伐”。 People should be punished if they cut down trees illegally. 如果人们非法砍伐树木，应该受到惩罚。 We must stop cutting down the forests to protect the wildlife. 我们必须停止砍伐森林以保护野生动物。 We need to cut down on the use of plastic bags. 我们需要减少塑料袋的使用。 To save money, he decided to cut down his daily expenses. 为了省钱，他决定削减日常开支。 【拓展】cut up 切碎 cut off（切断；隔绝；中断） cut in（插嘴；插队） cut into（切入；打断） 知识点9：Forests take back the space that humans now live in. 森林夺回了人类现在居住的空间。 用法讲解： ▶take back：夺回，收回；收回说过的话take back the space 意为“夺回空间”。 We must take back the space that was once occupied by illegal buildings. 我们必须夺回曾被违章建筑占据的空间。 I'm sorry for what I said. I take back my words. 我为我说的话道歉。我收回我的话。 知识点10：But there aren't any people to admire such an amazing world. 但没有人来欣赏这样一个奇妙的世界。 用法讲解： ▶admire 作动词，意为“钦佩；赞赏；欣赏”。是及物动词，必须接宾语。 admire sb./sth.：钦佩/欣赏某人/某物。 I admire the way she protects the environment. 我欣赏她保护环境的方式。 admire sb. for sth.：因某事而钦佩/赞赏某人（高频考点）。 We all admire the firefighters for their courage in the face of danger. 我们都钦佩消防员们在危险面前的勇气。 【拓展】admiration (n. 钦佩，赞赏)；admirable (adj. 令人钦佩的) ▶such an amazing world 这样一个奇妙的世界 such + a/an + adj. + 单数可数名词（如课文：such an amazing world） It is such an important problem that we must solve it immediately. 这是一个如此重要的问题，我们必须立即解决。 We shouldn't throw rubbish into such a beautiful river. 我们不应该把垃圾扔进如此美丽的一条河里。 such + adj. + 不可数名词/复数名词（如：such clean water, such beautiful flowers） We should never waste such clean water. 我们绝不应该浪费如此干净的水。 We must take action to solve such serious environmental problems. 我们必须采取行动解决如此严重的环境问题。 such + a/an + n.（如：such a pity） Protecting the earth is such a big challenge that we need everyone's effort. 保护地球是一个如此大的挑战，我们需要每个人的努力。 We live in such an amazing world full of natural wonders. 我们生活在这样一个充满自然奇观的奇妙世界里。 【辨析】such 是形容词，中心词是名词。结构：such + a/an + adj. + n. so 是副词，中心词是形容词/副词。结构：so + adj./adv. 同义转换：such a/an + adj. + 单数名词 = so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词。 特例：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，必须用 so。 如：so many people（正确） 知识点11：Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth. 纵观历史，人类在地球上留下了许多痕迹。 用法讲解： ▶throughout history：纵观历史。throughout 是介词，意为“遍及；贯穿”。 Throughout history, humans have always been exploring the unknown. 纵观历史，人类一直在探索未知。 ▶mark：名词，痕迹；标记。 The heavy rain left deep marks on the soft ground. 大雨在松软的地面上留下了深深的痕迹。 【拓展】leave marks on...（在……上留下痕迹） 知识点12：The rapid development of human society has made us care less for nature. 人类社会的快速发展让我们更少关心自然了。 用法讲解： ▶rapid：形容词，快速的。副词形式为 rapidly。 We are living in a rapid changing world. 我们生活在一个快速变化的世界里。 ▶society：名词，社会。形容词为 social。 Everyone should make a contribution to our society. 每个人都应该为我们的社会做出贡献。 知识点13：We can't cancel it and start over. 我们不能取消它重新开始。 用法讲解： ▶cancel：动词，取消。如：cancel the meeting（取消会议） The outdoor sports meeting was cancelled/canceled because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，户外运动会取消了。 ▶start over：重新开始。相当于 start again。 If you make a mistake, don't be afraid to start over. 如果你犯了错误，不要害怕重新开始。 知识点12：Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote – let us permit nature to have her way. 也许我们应该记住蒙田曾写过的明智之言——让我们顺其自然吧。 用法讲解： ▶permit：动词，允许。 结构1：permit sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。（高频考点） The rules do not permit visitors to feed the animals. 规定不允许游客喂食动物。 The government does not permit cutting down trees in this nature reserve. 政府不允许在这个自然保护区砍伐树木。 结构2：permit doing sth.（允许做某事）。（⚠️ 易错点：绝对不能写成 permit to do sth.） We do not permit smoking in the library. 我们不允许在图书馆吸烟。 结构3：be permitted to do sth.（被允许做某事，被动语态）。 Students are not permitted to bring their phones to school. (学生不允许带手机来学校。) 【特殊用法】weather permitting（如果天气允许），这是一个独立主格结构，常在句首作条件状语。 Weather permitting, we will go on a picnic tomorrow. (如果天气允许，我们明天去野餐。) 作名词 (n.) —— 许可证；执照。可数名词。 如：a driving permit（驾驶证），a work permit（工作许可证）。 【拓展】 名词：permission，意为“允许；许可”。 You cannot enter the forest without permission. 未经许可，你不能进入森林。 If we want to build a factory here, we must ask for permission from the local government first. 如果我们想在这里建工厂，必须先向当地政府申请许可。 语法：that和which引导的定语从句 一、that 引导的定语从句 【基本用法】 先行词：既可以是人，也可以是物。在从句中可作主语或宾语。 The natural wonders that have been hidden by pollution appear again. (被污染遮蔽的自然奇观再次显现。) —— 作主语，指物 The hero that we admire saved many people. (我们钦佩的那位英雄救了很多人。) —— 作宾语，指人 【必考考点：只用 that 的情况（口诀：不定序数最高级，人物两兼 the very）】 1. 先行词是不定代词（all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none 等）。 Everything that can be done has been done. (能做的都做了。) 2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. (这是我看过的最好的电影。) 3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。 He is the only person that can solve the problem. (他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。) 4. 先行词既有人又有物。 We talked about the people and things that we saw in the village. (我们谈论了在村里看到的人和事。) 5. 主句是以 Who 或 Which 开头的特殊疑问句（避免重复）。 Who is the person that is standing there? (站在那里的那个人是谁？) 二、which 引导的定语从句 【基本用法】 先行词：只能指物（或动物）。在从句中可作主语或宾语。 Air pollution is a problem which affects everyone. (空气污染是影响每个人的问题。) —— 作主语 The wise words which Montaigne wrote are very educational. (蒙田写的那些明智之言很有教育意义。) —— 作宾语 【必考考点：只用 which 的情况】 1. 介词后面只能用 which（不能用 that，也不能用 who）。 This is the house in which he lives. (这是他住的房子。) 注意：如果介词在句末，则可用 that。如：This is the house that/which he lives in. 2. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）只能用 which，不能用 that。 The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书很有趣。) 3. 先行词指代前面整个主句的内容时，只能用 which。 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy. (他通过了考试，这让他父母很高兴。) 三、定语从句中引导词的省略 【核心规则】 关系代词（that / which / who / whom）在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略；作主语时，不能省略。 可以省略的情况（作宾语）： The film (that/which) we saw yesterday was wonderful. (我们昨天看的那部电影很棒。) 不能省略的情况（作主语）： The film that/which won the award is wonderful. (获奖的那部电影很棒。) 特殊注意： 如果关系代词前有介词，即使作宾语也不能省略。如：The house in which he lives.（in which 不能省略）。 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词作宾语时，也不能省略。如：The book, which I bought yesterday, is interesting.（which 不能省略）。 一、适当形式填空 1．The local government has set up a special ________ (organize) to help improve the living conditions of the homeless people. 【答案】organization 【详解】句意：当地政府成立了一个专门的机构来帮助改善无家可归者的生活条件。organize为动词，不定冠词a和形容词special后要接可数名词单数形式，organize对应的名词是organization，意为“组织、机构”，故填organization。 2．AI is ________ (rapid) changing the way we live and study. 【答案】rapidly 【详解】句意：人工智能正在迅速改变我们生活和学习的方式。rapid是形容词，此处修饰动词changing，应用副词rapidly，意为“迅速地”。 3．With the help of modern technology, our ________ (social) is developing rapidly. 【答案】society 【详解】句意：在现代科技的帮助下，我们的社会正在快速发展。“our”是形容词性物主代词，后面需要接名词。social是形容词，意为“社会的”，它的名词形式为society，意为“社会”，在句中作主语。故填society。 4．Cars would ________ (appear) from the roads if humans were gone. 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意：如果人类消失，汽车将会从道路上消失。句中“would”为情态动词，情态动词后要接动词原形。结合语境，人类消失后汽车会不见，appear意为“出现”，此处需要其反义词disappear“消失”。 5．The price of vegetables ________ (drop) a lot because of the good weather last month. 【答案】dropped 【详解】句意：由于上个月天气好，蔬菜的价格大幅下降。所给的词drop为动词，意为“下降”。句中有时间状语last month，表示过去，句子要用一般过去时，drop的过去式为dropped。 二、单项选择 1．The story ________ my grandfather told me about Yang Zhenning is touching. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爷爷告诉我的关于杨振宁的那个故事很感人。 根据句子，先行词“story”是物，且在定语从句中作“told”的宾语，因此需用指物的关系代词which。 2．Because of the heavy snow, the school had to ________ the sports meeting. A．cancel B．manage C．inspire D．donate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：由于大雪，学校不得不取消运动会。 cancel取消；manage管理；inspire鼓舞；donate捐赠。根据“Because of the heavy snow”可知，恶劣的天气导致运动会无法按期进行，学校不得不取消运动会。应填cancel。 3．The river will not be clean ________ we take action to stop pollution. A．if B．unless C．when D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非我们采取行动停止污染，否则这条河不会变干净。 if如果；unless除非；when当……时候；because因为。根据“The river will not be clean...we take action to stop pollution.”可知，除非我们采取行动停止污染，否则这条河不会变干净，unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句。应填unless。 4．The school rules don’t permit students ________ late for class. A．be B．being C．to be D．been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校规不允许学生上课迟到。 固定搭配permit sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 5．All Chinese people are proud of the ________ development of our country. A．rapid B．necessary C．important D．wide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有中国人都为我们国家的快速发展感到自豪。 rapid快速的；necessary必要的；important重要的；wide宽的。根据句意可知，此处形容国家发展通常用“快速”，构成短语rapid development，符合人们为此感到自豪的语境。 三、完成句子 1. 我能收回借给你的那张地图吗？ Can I ________ ________ the map I lent you? 【答案】 take back 【详解】原句关键词为“收回”，用“take back”表示；该空位于Can I之后、the map之前，需填动词原形。 2．我们应该尽全力阻止人们砍伐树木。 We should try our best to stop people from ________ ________ trees. 【答案】 cutting down 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“cutting down”，cutting down 中文翻译“砍伐”， stop sb. from doing sth.，意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词 from 后接动词-ing 形式，“砍伐”的英文短语为 cut down，故填cutting down。 3．不要因为他打碎了窗户而惩罚他。他不是故意的。 Don’t ________ him ________ breaking the window. He didn’t do it on purpose. 【答案】 punish for 【详解】原句中“惩罚”和“因为（某事）”为关键信息，Don’t后面接动词原形。固定短语“punish sb. for doing sth.”意为“因做某事惩罚某人”，介词for后接动名词。 4．我们担心他，因为他和别人相处有困难。 We are worried about him because he has difficulty in ________ ________ ________ others. 【答案】 getting along with 【详解】原句中“和别人相处”是关键词，固定搭配have difficulty in doing sth.表示做某事有困难；get along with sb.意为与某人相处，介词in后面要接动名词getting。因此①应填getting；②应填along；③应填with。 5．This is the best choice. We can make it.（合并为定语从句） This is the best choice ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 that we can make 【详解】句意：这是最好的选择。我们可以做出这个选择。原句为两个独立句子，第二句“We can make it”中的“it”指代第一句的“the best choice”。按要求合并为定语从句，合并时，将“it”替换为关系代词，先行词“choice”指物，且先行词前有最高级“best”修饰，关系代词只能用“that”（不能用“which”），在从句中作宾语。故填that；we；can；make。 4、 完形填空 It was a quiet night. Most people were sleeping when a strong earthquake suddenly 1 . The ground shook violently (剧烈地), and houses fell down in great numbers. Everyone felt scared and nervous at that terrible moment. They ran out of their houses quickly, shouting with 2 . Lots of people rushed to safe and open areas and stayed away from the falling buildings. However, some people couldn't get out of their houses because the exits (出口) were blocked. Finally, the terrible shaking stopped. Everything went 3 wrong after the disaster—broken cars, fallen power lines and dead animals could be seen everywhere on the street. The whole neighborhood was in a mess. Soon, Chinese 4 and firefighters arrived. They were busy searching for the 5 people with the help of rescue (救援) dogs. They also put up many warm tents for the homeless and 6 out enough food and clean water to the affected people. The medical team also took 7 as soon as they arrived. They carefully 8 the injured people and provided medical aid for them. The disaster hurt us both physically and mentally. It truly took a long time to 9 the great pain. We had to start rebuilding our homes after so much pain and loss. But now, with the government’s strong support and everyone’s hard work, we are full of hope. We will not only bring the good old days back, but also build a 10 and better home for our future. 1．A．hit B．stopped C．continued D．returned 2．A．joy B．fear C．anger D．curiosity 3．A．secretly B．recently C．hardly D．completely 4．A．farmers B．drivers C．soldiers D．players 5．A．missing B．careless C．lonely D．proud 6．A．pointed B．handed C．left D．tried 7．A．action B．breaks C．care D．risks 8．A．chose B．pushed C．checked D．interviewed 9．A．suffer from B．wake up C．hear of D．get over 10．A．luckier B．worse C．safer D．hotter 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者经历的一场地震灾难。地震突然袭来，房屋倒塌，人们惊恐逃生。救援人员赶到后展开搜救，提供物资和医疗救助。灾难过后，大家重建家园，充满希望。 【详解】1．句意：大多数人正在睡觉，这时一场强烈的地震突然袭来。 根据下文“The ground shook violently”可知，地震突然发生。hit意为“袭击、发生”，符合语境。stopped意为“停止”，continued意为“继续”，returned意为“返回”，均不符合。 2．句意：他们迅速跑出房子，恐惧地大喊。 根据上文“Everyone felt scared and nervous at that terrible moment.”可知，人们感到害怕。fear意为“恐惧”，符合语境。joy意为“快乐”，anger意为“愤怒”，curiosity意为“好奇”，均不符合。 3．句意：一切都完全乱了——损坏的汽车、倒下的电线、死去的动物随处可见。 根据下文“broken cars, fallen power lines and dead animals could be seen everywhere”可知，灾后一切都完全乱了。completely意为“完全地”，符合语境。secretly意为“秘密地”，recently意为“最近”，hardly意为“几乎不”，均不符合。 4．句意：很快，中国士兵和消防员赶到了。 根据下文“and firefighters arrived”可知，此处指救援人员。soldiers意为“士兵”，与firefighters并列，符合语境。farmers意为“农民”，drivers意为“司机”，players意为“运动员”，均不符合。 5．句意：他们忙着在救援犬的帮助下搜寻失踪人员。 根据上文“They were busy searching for”以及下文“with the help of rescue dogs”可知，他们在搜寻失踪人员。missing意为“失踪的”，符合语境。careless意为“粗心的”，lonely意为“孤独的”，proud意为“自豪的”，均不符合。 6．句意：他们还为无家可归的人搭起了许多温暖的帐篷，并向受灾群众分发了足够的食物和干净的水。 根据下文“out enough food and clean water to the affected people”可知，此处表示分发食物和水。handed意为“分发、传递”，hand out意为“分发”，符合语境。pointed意为“指”，left意为“离开”，tried意为“尝试”，均不符合。 7．句意：医疗队到达后也立即采取行动。 根据下文“They carefully...the injured people and provided medical aid for them.”可知，医疗队立即采取行动救治伤员。action意为“行动”，take action意为“采取行动”，符合语境。breaks意为“休息”，care意为“关心”，risks意为“风险”，均不符合。 8．句意：他们仔细检查伤员，并为他们提供医疗救助。 根据下文“the injured people and provided medical aid for them”可知，医生检查伤员。checked意为“检查”，符合语境。chose意为“选择”，pushed意为“推”，interviewed意为“采访”，均不符合。 9．句意：真地花了很长时间才克服巨大的痛苦。 根据下文“the great pain”可知，此处表示克服痛苦。get over意为“克服、恢复”，符合语境。suffer from意为“遭受”，wake up意为“醒来”，hear of意为“听说”，均不符合。 10．句意：我们不仅要把过去的美好时光带回来，还要为我们的未来建设一个更安全、更美好的家园。 根据上文“we are full of hope”以及下文“and better home for our future”可知，此处表示建设更安全的家园。safer意为“更安全的”，符合语境。luckier意为“更幸运的”，worse意为“更差的”，hotter意为“更热的”，均不符合。 5、 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式(不超过两个词) Tigers are beautiful animals. It’s hard to believe that there are only about one hundred South China tigers left on the earth—and few live in 1 wild. The largest animal in the world, the blue whale, 2 (live) in the oceans around the world. It feeds on one of the 3 (small) animals. Some people kill the whales. 4 a result, there may be only about 3,000 blue whales left now. The wild Bactrian camel is another animal 5 is in danger. It lives in Mongolia and the northwest of China. It is the only kind of camel in the world that has two humps (驼峰). There are only about 1,000 Bactrian camels left in the wild. Why is the situation getting so serious? People should think about the reasons 6 (care). There are lots of scientists doing important research to find out the best ways 7 (protect) animals. In order to make it 8 (easy) for the wild animals to live, we should protect their homes. We should also work hard to stop people from 9 (kill) them. If we can do these things 10 (good), there will be more wild animals in the world. 【答案】 1．the 2．lives 3．smallest 4．As 5．that/which 6．carefully 7．to protect 8．easier 9．killing 10．well 【导语】本文是一篇关于濒危野生动物保护的说明文。 【详解】1．句意：很难相信目前全球仅存约100只华南虎，且几乎没有华南虎生活在野外。固定搭配in the wild，意为“在野外”，是固定表达，故填the。 2．句意：世界上最大的动物——蓝鲸，生活在全球的各大洋中。句子主语是the blue whale（蓝鲸），此处指代蓝鲸这一物种，视作单数概念，且全文为一般现在时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式lives。 3．句意：蓝鲸以（海洋里）最微小的生物之一为食。固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，意为“最……的……之一”，此处需要用small的最高级形式smallest。 4．句意：结果，现在现存的蓝鲸可能仅3000头左右。as a result是固定短语，意为“结果、因此”，用于引出前文动作导致的后果，单词位于句首首字母需大写。 5．句意：野生双峰驼是另一种濒临灭绝的动物。此处为定语从句，先行词是animal（动物，指代事物），需用关系代词that/which，在从句中作主语。 6．句意：人们应当认真地思考这些原因。此处修饰动词短语think about（思考），需要用副词形式，因此care对应的副词变形为carefully。 7．句意：有许多科学家正在开展重要研究，目的是找出保护动物的最佳方法。protect“保护”为动词，固定结构the way/ways to do sth. 意为“做某事的方法”，此处用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词ways，故填to protect。 8．句意：为了让野生动物的生存变得更加容易，我们应当保护它们的家园。后文暗含“（和不保护栖息地相比）让野生动物生存得更轻松”的比较含义，因此需要用形容词easy的比较级形式easier，作宾语补足语。 9．句意：我们也应该努力阻止人们猎杀它们。固定结构stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词from后面需要接动名词形式，动词kill的动名词为killing。 10．句意：如果我们能把这些事做好，世界上就会有更多的野生动物。此处修饰动作do these things（做这些事），需要用副词，因此形容词good对应的副词变形为well。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ $