Unit 5 语法讲解及习题：that_which引导限制性（定语从句）2026-2027学年外研版九年级英语上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版九上Unit5 that/which引导的限制性定语从句语法体系。承接Unit4 who修饰人的定语从句，聚焦事物/动物先行词，从基础概念、关系代词用法到主谓一致规则，构建完整学习支架。 知识链路以“概念回顾-用法区分-对比总结-易错点整理”为逻辑主线，通过教材例句拆分和Unit4&Unit5关系代词对比表强化理解。配套分层习题覆盖选词填空、句子合并等题型，结合环保主题语境，助力学生提升语言应用能力，培养对比分析的思维品质和关注自然的文化意识。

外研版英语九上Unit5语法讲解及习题： that/which引导限制性定语从句（定语从句2） 一、语法核心 Attributive clauses (2) 定语从句（第二讲） 单元学习目标：use attributive clauses with that and which to talk about humans’ influence on nature（用 that、which 引导定语从句谈论人类对自然的影响） 教材例句： (a) Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. (b) The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. （一）基础概念回顾 1. 先行词：定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词；本单元先行词全部为事物、动物（区别于 Unit4 who 修饰人）。 2. 关系代词 which /that：指代事物 / 动物，在定语从句中作主语，相当于中文 “…… 的”。 （二）that 与 which 核心用法区分 用法 1：which 只能指代事物 / 动物，不可指代人，在从句中作主语，不可省略。 句子拆分示范（教材例句 b）： 原句：The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 主句：The natural wonders appear again. 先行词：natural wonders（自然奇观，事物） 定语从句：which have been hidden by pollution for years 翻译：那些多年被污染遮蔽的自然奇观重见天日。 用法 2：that 万能关系代词，既可以指代人，也可以指代事物 / 动物；本单元只考察指代事物，从句作主语时不能省略。 句子拆分示范（教材例句 a）： 原句：Streets, beaches and parks that are usually full of people remain empty. 先行词：Streets, beaches and parks（地点事物） 从句：that are usually full of people 翻译：平日里人头攒动的街道、海滩与公园变得空空荡荡。 用法 3：that 和 which 互换规则（本单元重点） 当先行词单纯为事物、动物，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，that 与 which 绝大多数情况可以互换。 例句互换： The river that is polluted needs protection. = The river which is polluted needs protection. 翻译：那条被污染的河流需要保护。 （三）谓语单复数规则（和 Unit4 一致） 从句动词单复数由先行词决定，与 that/which 无关： 1. 先行词单数 → that/which 后动词三单 The forest which covers the mountain protects wildlife. 2. 先行词复数 → that/which 后动词原形 The forests which cover mountains protect wildlife. （四）固定不能只用 which、只能用 that 的特殊情况（拓展考点） 1. 先行词包含人 + 物； 2. 先行词有序数词、最高级修饰； 3. 先行词有 all, every, little, much, something, nothing 等不定代词； 本单元基础题不深挖难题，仅作拓展补充。 （五）Unit4 & Unit5 关系代词对比总结 关系代词 修饰对象 本单元用法 who 人 Unit4，从句作主语 which 事物 / 动物 Unit5，从句作主语 that 人 / 事物 / 动物 Unit5，可替代 who/which （六）易错点整理 1. 描述人绝对不能用 which；描述事物可以用 that/which； 2. that/which 在从句作主语时，绝对不能省略； 3. 限制性定语从句，先行词与 that/which 之间不加逗号； 4. 从句谓语看先行词单复数，不要被 that/which 干扰。 二、分层专项练习题 题型一：选词填空（that/which/who ） 从括号内选择正确关系代词填空 1. The lake_________ (that/who) is dirty needs cleaning. 2. We love animals_________ (which/who) live in the rainforest. 3. The volunteer_________ (who/which) protects birds is my teacher. 4. Rubbish_________ (that/who) people throw pollutes the sea. 5. Plants_________ (who/which) grow well make the world beautiful. 6. Anyone_________ (who/that) cares about nature can join us. 7. Factories_________ (which/who) produce waste should be controlled. 题型二：句子合并（用 that/which 连接两句 ） 示例：This is a tree. It absorbs CO₂. → This is a tree that/which absorbs CO₂. 1. This is a wetland. It provides homes for wild birds. 2. Plastic bags are rubbish. They harm sea life. 3. The mountain is a natural park. It has many rare animals. 4. This is a law. It stops overfishing in oceans. 5. The river runs through our town. It was clean long ago. 6. Solar energy is a new power. It does not produce pollution. 题型三：匹配连线 左边主句，右边定语从句，数字匹配字母 1. I have a book 2. The sea creatures 3. We hate the waste 4. The rules 5. A rainforest 6. The clean water a. which pollutes our rivers every day b. that protects thousands of kinds of animals c. which tells us ways to save nature d. that we drink every day comes from mountains e. which live in deep sea are disappearing fast f. that stop plastic use work very well 题型四：语法改错 每句仅 1 处错误 1. The forest who covers the hill is home to koalas. 2. The river which are full of plastic makes fish sick. 3. People which save wild animals are respected by everyone. 4. The rubbish that pollute oceans must be dealt with. 5. A kind of flower who grows in Australia is the wattle. 6. The natural park which protect birds opens every weekend. 三、习题完整答案 + 解析 题型一：选词填空 1. that 解析：先行词 the lake 是事物，不用 who。 2. which 解析：先行词 animals 动物，用 which/that 均可。 3. who 解析：先行词 volunteer 是人，只能用 who/that。 4. that 解析：先行词 rubbish 垃圾（事物），that/which 通用。 5. which 解析：先行词 plants 植物，事物，which/that 通用。 6. who/that 解析：anyone 指代人，修饰人用 who/that。 7. which 解析：先行词 factories 工厂（事物），which/that 通用。 题型二：句子合并 1. This is a wetland that/which provides homes for wild birds. 解析：先行词 wetland 事物，用 that/which 替代第二句主语 it。 2. Plastic bags are rubbish that/which harm sea life. 解析：先行词 bags 复数，从句谓语用原形 harm。 3. The mountain that/which has many rare animals is a natural park. 4. This is a law that/which stops overfishing in oceans. 5. The river that/which was clean long ago runs through our town. 6. Solar energy is a new power that/which does not produce pollution. 题型三：匹配连线 1—c 解析：book 书籍，讲述保护自然的书 2—e 解析：sea creatures 海洋生物，深海生物快速消失 3—a 解析：waste 废弃物，污染河流的垃圾 4—f 解析：rules 规定，限塑条例效果很好 5—b 解析：rainforest 雨林，庇护万千动物 6—d 解析：clean water 净水，每日饮用的山泉水 题型四：语法改错 1. 错误：who → 改正：that/which 解析：先行词 forest 是事物，who 只修饰人。 2. 错误：are → 改正：is 解析：先行词 the river 单数，从句谓语用单数 is。 3. 错误：which → 改正：who/that 解析：先行词 people 是人，which 不能修饰人。 4. 错误：pollute → 改正：pollutes 解析：先行词 rubbish 不可数名词，视作单数，动词三单。 5. 错误：who → 改正：that/which 解析：先行词 flower 植物事物，不用 who。 6. 错误：protect → 改正：protects 解析：先行词 park 单数，从句谓语三单 protects。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $