Unit 4 Achievements 单词精讲课件-2026-2027学年高中英语沪教版必修第二册

沪教版(2020)高中英语必修第二册 单词精讲 Unit 4 Achievements 重点词汇与短语 /brɪk/ brick (名词)砖；砖块 变　形 brick → bricks 复数形式 搭　配 lay bricks 砌砖 例　句 They built the wall with bricks. 他们用砖砌成这堵墙。 Each brick was made by hand. 每块砖都是手工做的。 2 / 44 /ɡeɪn/ gain (名词)好处；利益；改进 用　法 不可数；a gain in 在某方面提升 搭　配 economic gains 经济收益 例　句 The new plan brought gains to farmers. 新计划给农民带来好处。 He made great gains in maths. 他数学进步很大。 3 / 44 /əˈtrækt/ attract (动词)吸引；使喜爱 构　词 attract → attraction 吸引力 attract → attractive 有吸引力的 搭　配 attract attention 引起注意 例　句 The film attracted many young viewers. 这部电影吸引了很多年轻观众。 The beach attracts many visitors. 这片海滩吸引许多游客。 4 / 44 /ʃɑːk/ shark (名词)鲨鱼 联　想 海洋动物：whale 鲸；dolphin 海豚 搭　配 a great white shark 大白鲨 例　句 A shark swam past our boat. 一条鲨鱼从我们船边游过。 Sharks are in danger from fishing. 鲨鱼正因捕鱼而濒危。 5 / 44 /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ target (名词)目标；对象；指标 用　法 可数名词；a target for 针对…的目标 也可作动词：target young people 搭　配 hit the target 击中目标 例　句 Our team set a clear target for May. 我们队为五月定了明确目标。 Sales have reached the target. 销售额已达到指标。 6 / 44 /əˈprəʊtʃ/ approach (动词)靠近；接近 联　想 approach 也作名词：方法 搭　配 approach the shore 靠近海岸 例　句 We approached the old fishing village. 我们靠近了那个老渔村。 Winter is approaching fast. 冬天正迅速临近。 7 / 44 /əˈtæk/ attack (名词/动词)袭击；攻击 用　法 作名词：an attack on 对…的袭击 作动词：attack sb. with sth. 搭　配 a shark attack 鲨鱼袭击 例　句 The boat was attacked by a shark. 小船遭到一条鲨鱼的袭击。 There were two attacks last summer. 去年夏天发生了两起袭击。 8 / 44 /ʃɑːp/ sharp (形容词)锋利的；尖的 构　词 sharp + -en → sharpen 削尖 sharp + -ly → sharply 急剧地 搭　配 a sharp knife 锋利的刀 例　句 Sharks have sharp teeth. 鲨鱼有锋利的牙齿。 Be careful—the rock edge is sharp. 小心，岩石边缘很尖。 9 / 44 /skɪn/ skin (名词)皮；皮肤 构　词 skin + -ny → skinny 皮包骨的 搭　配 protect your skin 保护皮肤 例　句 The shark's skin feels like sandpaper. 鲨鱼的皮肤摸起来像砂纸。 Sunburn can damage your skin. 晒伤会损伤你的皮肤。 10 / 44 /streŋθ/ strength (名词)体力；力气；力量 构　词 strong → strength 力量 strength → strengthen 加强 搭　配 physical strength 体力 例　句 It took great strength to lift the net. 提起那张网需要很大力气。 She exercises to build up her strength. 她锻炼以增强体力。 11 / 44 /ræp/ wrap (动词)包；裹；缠绕 变　形 wrap → wrapped → wrapped 双写 p 搭　配 wrap it in paper 用纸包起来 例　句 She wrapped the fish in newspaper. 她用报纸把鱼包起来。 Wrap your arm with a clean cloth. 用干净布包住你的手臂。 12 / 44 /bliːd/ bleed (动词)流血；失血 变　形 bleed → bled → bled 不规则变化 搭　配 bleed heavily 大量流血 例　句 His leg was bleeding badly. 他的腿流血不止。 The cut stopped bleeding soon. 伤口很快就停止流血了。 13 / 44 /baɪt/ bite (动词)咬 变　形 bite → bit → bitten 不规则变化 搭　配 bite sb. on the leg 咬某人的腿 例　句 The dog bit the ball and ran off. 狗咬住球跑开了。 Never swim where sharks may bite. 别在鲨鱼可能咬人的水域游泳。 14 / 44 /dɪˈfiːt/ defeat (名词/动词)失败；击败 用　法 作名词：a defeat 一次失败 作动词：defeat sb. 击败某人 搭　配 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 例　句 Our team defeated the visitors 3–2. 我们队以三比二击败客队。 He learned a lot from that defeat. 他从那次失败中学到很多。 15 / 44 /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ destroy (动词)摧毁；毁灭 构　词 destroy → destruction 破坏；毁灭 搭　配 destroy the habitat 破坏栖息地 例　句 The storm destroyed three fishing boats. 暴风雨摧毁了三条渔船。 Plastic waste destroys sea life. 塑料垃圾毁灭海洋生物。 16 / 44 /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ intelligent (形容词)有智力的；聪明的 构　词 intelligent → intelligence 智力 搭　配 highly intelligent 非常聪明的 例　句 Dolphins are intelligent sea animals. 海豚是聪明的海洋动物。 She gave an intelligent answer. 她给出了一个聪明的回答。 17 / 44 /ˈstrʌɡl/ struggle (动词)搏斗；挣扎；奋斗 用　法 struggle with 与…搏斗 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 搭　配 struggle for survival 为生存而挣扎 例　句 The fish struggled in the net. 那条鱼在网里挣扎。 She struggled to finish the race. 她奋力跑完了比赛。 18 / 44 /sɪŋk/ sink (动词)下沉；沉没 变　形 sink → sank → sunk 不规则变化 搭　配 sink to the bottom 沉到海底 例　句 The small boat sank in minutes. 小船几分钟就沉没了。 Don't let your hopes sink. 别让希望就此沉没。 19 / 44 /əˈhed/ ahead (副词)在前面；向前 用　法 ahead of 在…前面；go ahead 继续 搭　配 look ahead 展望未来 例　句 The lighthouse stood ahead of us. 灯塔矗立在我们前方。 Think ahead before you act. 行动前要先想清楚。 20 / 44 /meɪnˈteɪn/ maintain (动词)维持；保持 构　词 maintain → maintenance 维护 搭　配 maintain a balance 保持平衡 例　句 Farmers maintain the canals each year. 农民每年维护这些水渠。 It is hard to maintain that speed. 保持那样的速度很难。 21 / 44 /drəˈmætɪkli/ dramatically (副词)巨大地；显著地 构　词 dramatic → dramatically 加 -ally 搭　配 increase dramatically 急剧增加 例　句 Shark numbers fell dramatically. 鲨鱼数量急剧下降。 The village has changed dramatically. 这个村庄变化巨大。 22 / 44 /ˈkjʊəriəs/ curious (形容词)好奇的；求知欲强的 构　词 curious → curiosity 好奇心 搭　配 be curious about 对…好奇 例　句 Children are curious about the sea. 孩子们对大海很好奇。 I am curious about how sharks sleep. 我很好奇鲨鱼怎样睡觉。 23 / 44 /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ shortage (名词)不足；短缺 构　词 short + -age → shortage 短缺 搭　配 a shortage of water 缺水 solve the shortage 解决短缺 例　句 Many villages face a water shortage. 许多村庄面临缺水问题。 A shortage of rain hit the crops. 雨水不足使庄稼受损。 24 / 44 /ɡreɪn/ grain (名词)谷物；谷粒 变　形 grain → grains 谷物（复数） 搭　配 a grain of rice 一粒米 例　句 Farmers store grain for the winter. 农民储存谷物过冬。 Every grain of sand was counted. 每一粒沙子都被数过。 25 / 44 /ˈdekeɪd/ decade (名词)十年 构　词 dec- + -ade → decade 十年 搭　配 in the past decade 在过去十年 例　句 Decades of work changed the desert. 几十年的努力改变了沙漠。 Trees grew tall within a decade. 十年之内树木长得高大。 26 / 44 /ˌself səˈfɪʃnt/ self-sufficient (形容词)自给自足的；自立的 构　词 self + sufficient → 自给自足的 搭　配 become self-sufficient 实现自给 例　句 The village is self-sufficient in food. 这个村子在粮食上自给自足。 Self-sufficient farms need less money. 自给自足的农场花费更少。 27 / 44 /ˈmedl/ medal (名词)奖章；奖牌 变　形 medal → medals 奖牌（复数） 搭　配 win a gold medal 赢得金牌 例　句 She won a gold medal in the race. 她在比赛中赢得金牌。 His medal hangs on the classroom wall. 他的奖牌挂在教室墙上。 28 / 44 /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ outstanding (形容词)杰出的；出色的 构　词 out + standing → 杰出的 搭　配 outstanding achievements 杰出成就 例　句 He won a prize for outstanding work. 他因出色的工作获奖。 Her outstanding design won the prize. 她出色的设计获奖了。 29 / 44 /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ institute (名词)机构；研究院 构　词 institute → institution 机构 搭　配 a research institute 研究所 例　句 She works at a research institute. 她在一家研究所工作。 The institute trains young scientists. 该机构培养年轻科学家。 30 / 44 /rɪˈkwest/ request (名词)要求；请求 用　法 request 可数，常用 a request for 搭　配 make a request 提出请求 例　句 She made a request for more books. 她请求多给一些书。 His request was accepted by the school. 他的请求被学校接受了。 31 / 44 /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ atmosphere (名词)大气；大气层；气氛 构　词 atmo- + sphere → 大气层 搭　配 a friendly atmosphere 友好的气氛 例　句 The atmosphere protects us from harm. 大气层保护我们免受伤害。 The classroom has a warm atmosphere. 教室里气氛温暖。 32 / 44 /læk/ lack (名词)缺乏；匮乏 用　法 lack 常与 of 连用：lack of sleep 搭　配 a lack of water 缺水 例　句 A lack of rain made the land dry. 缺雨使土地干裂。 His failure came from lack of practice. 他的失败源于缺乏练习。 33 / 44 /kluː/ clue (名词)提示；线索 变　形 clue → clues 线索（复数） 搭　配 find a clue 找到线索 例　句 The police found an important clue. 警方找到了重要线索。 Clues in the book help us guess. 书中的线索帮我们猜测。 34 / 44 /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ literature (名词)文学；文学作品 构　词 literature → literary 文学的 搭　配 Chinese literature 中国文学 例　句 She studies literature at university. 她在大学学习文学。 Literature opens a window on life. 文学打开一扇看生活的窗。 35 / 44 /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ failure (名词)失败；失败的人（或事物） 构　词 fail + -ure → failure 失败 搭　配 end in failure 以失败告终 例　句 Every failure taught him something new. 每次失败都教给他新东西。 His first failure did not stop him. 他第一次失败没有让他停下。 36 / 44 /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/ realistic (形容词)现实的；实际的 构　词 real + -istic → realistic 搭　配 a realistic goal 现实的目标 例　句 Set a realistic goal for this term. 这学期定一个现实的目标。 Her plan is simple and realistic. 她的计划简单而实际。 37 / 44 /prəˈfeʃənl/ professional (形容词)专业的；职业的 构　词 profession + -al → professional 搭　配 professional advice 专业建议 例　句 He gave professional advice on writing. 他就写作给了专业建议。 She became a professional player. 她成了一名职业选手。 38 / 44 /fɔːls/ false (形容词)错误的；不正确的 用　法 false ↔ true 真伪相对 搭　配 a false idea 错误的看法 例　句 Please mark the false statements. 请标出错误的说法。 A false start broke his confidence. 一次失误打击了他的信心。 39 / 44 /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ permanently (副词)永久地；永恒地 构　词 permanent + -ly → permanently 搭　配 permanently change 永久改变 例　句 The land changed permanently. 这片土地永久地改变了。 Some damage stays permanently. 有些损害会永久存在。 40 / 44 /ˈsetbæk/ setback (名词)挫折；阻碍 构　词 set + back → 挫折 搭　配 suffer a setback 遭遇挫折 例　句 A setback did not stop the team. 一次挫折没有让队伍停步。 He learned from every setback. 他从每次挫折中学习。 41 / 44 /ˈtaɪtl/ title (名词)标题；题目；名称 变　形 title → titles 标题（复数） 搭　配 the title of the book 书名 例　句 She chose a short title for her story. 她给故事选了一个短标题。 The title matches the writer's idea. 标题与作者的想法相符。 42 / 44 /ˈsel fəʊn/ cell phone (名词短语)移动电话；手机 用　法 cell phone 美式；英式 mobile phone 搭　配 on the cell phone 用手机 例　句 She called her mother on her cell phone. 她用手机给妈妈打电话。 Cell phones are not allowed in class. 课上不允许使用手机。 43 / 44 /ɪn əˈdɪʃn/ in addition (短语)除……以外（还）；此外 用　法 in addition 后接 to + 名词 搭　配 in addition to 除……之外（还） 例　句 In addition, the soil is very poor. 此外，土壤也很贫瘠。 In addition to trees, they grew grass. 除了树，他们还种了草。 44 / 44 $