Unit 4 Period 2 B Grammar and activity（分层作业）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

Unit 4 Achievements Period 2 B Grammar and activity分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 词汇拼写 1. The scientist made a great ______ (成就) in medical research. 2. We should ______ (尊重) the opinions of others even if we don’t agree. 3. Her ______ (坚持) helped her overcome all the difficulties in the project. 4. The team ______ (协作) closely to finish the task ahead of time 5. He has a strong ______ (渴望) to learn new skills and improve himself. 6. The ______ (突破) in AI technology has changed many industries. 7. We need to ______ (评估) the risks before starting the new plan. 8. His ______ (奉献) to the cause of education is widely praised. 9. The project requires ______ (耐心) and careful planning. 10. She ______ (克服) her fear of public speaking through constant practice. 2. 单项选择 1. The young researcher’s ______ in space exploration has attracted global attention. A. achieve B. achievement C. achievable D. achieving 2. We should always ______ the efforts people make to pursue their dreams. A. respect B. admire C. honor D. praise 3. It was her ______ that made her keep trying even after repeated failures. A. insist B. insistence C. persistent D. insisting 4. The two companies decided to ______ with each other to develop new products. A. cooperate B. compete C. connect D. combine 5. He has a strong ______ for knowledge and reads every day. A. desire B. demand C. request D. need 6. Scientists have made a major ______ in the treatment of cancer. A. breakthrough B. breakdown C. breakout D. breakup 7. We need to ______ the effect of the new policy before promoting it nationwide. A. access B. assess C. assign D. assist 8. His ______ to the company for over 30 years is unforgettable. A. devotion B. donation C. direction D. decision 9. Learning a foreign language requires ______ and consistent practice. A. patient B. patience C. impatient D. patiently 10. She finally ______ her shyness and gave a wonderful speech. A. overcame B. overlooked C. overtook D. overcame 3. 句子翻译 1. 他在环保领域的成就值得我们所有人尊重。 2. 团队协作是完成这个复杂项目的关键。 3. 她凭借坚持和努力实现了自己的梦想。 4. 科学家们在新能源技术上取得了重大突破。 5. 我们需要客观评估这个计划的优缺点。 6. 对知识的渴望促使他不断学习和进步。 7. 他对慈善事业的奉献赢得了社会的广泛认可。 8. 克服语言障碍需要耐心和大量的练习。 9. 这个项目的成功离不开每一位成员的努力和协作。 10. 我们应该尊重不同文化背景下人们的不同成就。 1. 阅读理解 Last summer, I embarked on an adventure that I will never forget. My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. Located far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the mountains appeal to us hikers by the unique scenery. We packed our bags with essentials and set off early in the morning. The hike started off smoothly. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and the air was crisp and clean. We followed the trail, chatting and laughing as we went along. However, little did we know that our peaceful hike was about to take a dramatic turn. As we climbed higher, the trail became more difficult to follow. The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. Suddenly, we realized we were lost. Panic began to set in, but we quickly reminded ourselves to stay calm and think of a solution. We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. One of my friends suggested we backtrack along the trail, but another thought we should keep going forward in hopes of finding a trail or a landmark we could recognize. In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. We marked our path with stones and branches to ensure we could backtrack if necessary. As we walked, we kept our eyes peeled for any signs of civilization or a familiar trail. Hours passed, and the sun began to set. Our spirits were low, and our energy was decreasing. Just when we thought all hope was lost, we spotted a faint light in the distance. With renewed determination, we hurried towards it. As we got closer, we realized it was a small mountain hut, occupied by a friendly old man. He welcomed us in, offered us food and water, and listened to our story. With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. Looking back on that adventure, I realize how important it is to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. It was a challenging experience, but it also taught me valuable lessons about teamwork, perseverance, and the importance of preparation. 1．What was the purpose of the author’s trip? A．To visit a friend in the remote mountains. B．To relax himself by hiking in the remote mountains. C．To collect samples for a scientific study. D．To take photographs of the unique scenery. 2．Which of the following item is most likely to be the “essentials” mentioned by the author in paragraph 1? A．Makeups B．Laptops C．Compasses D．Headphones 3．What did the author and his friends do after finding a safe spot to rest? A．They waited for help to arrive. B．They slept for a few hours to regain energy. C．They discussed their options and made a plan. D．They decided to hike back down the mountain immediately. 4．What did the old man in the mountain hut do for the author and his friends? A．He guided them back to the main trail. B．He provided them with food and shelter C．He called for rescue services. D．He offered them medical assistance. 2. 语法填空 First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. 书面表达 假如你是学生李华，在校广播台Campus English栏目成立10周年之际，请你给栏目编辑写一封信，内容包括： 1. 作为 Campus English 栏目的忠实听众，对其成立10周年表示祝贺； 2.赞赏该栏目的优点并提出你的建议。 周年：anniversary 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Ming 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Achievements Period 2 B Grammar and activity分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1. 词汇拼写 1. The scientist made a great ______ (成就) in medical research. 2. We should ______ (尊重) the opinions of others even if we don’t agree. 3. Her ______ (坚持) helped her overcome all the difficulties in the project. 4. The team ______ (协作) closely to finish the task ahead of time 5. He has a strong ______ (渴望) to learn new skills and improve himself. 6. The ______ (突破) in AI technology has changed many industries. 7. We need to ______ (评估) the risks before starting the new plan. 8. His ______ (奉献) to the cause of education is widely praised. 9. The project requires ______ (耐心) and careful planning. 10. She ______ (克服) her fear of public speaking through constant practice. 答案： 1. achievement，可数名词，“成就”，由a可知用单数 2. respect，动词，“尊重”，情态动词should后接原形 3. persistence，不可数名词，“坚持”，作主语 4. cooperated，动词，“协作”，结合语境用一般过去时 5. desire，名词，“渴望”，a后接单数 6. breakthrough，可数名词，“突破”，由the特指用单数 7. assess，动词，“评估”，need to后接原形 8. devotion，不可数名词，“奉献”，作主语 9. patience，不可数名词，“耐心”，作宾语 10. overcame，动词，“克服”，结合语境用一般过去时 2. 单项选择 1. The young researcher’s ______ in space exploration has attracted global attention. A. achieve B. achievement C. achievable D. achieving 答案：B。名词作主语，“成就”用achievement；A是动词，C是形容词，D是动名词，均不符合语法 2. We should always ______ the efforts people make to pursue their dreams. A. respect B. admire C. honor D. praise 答案：A。respect强调“尊重”，符合“尊重他人努力”的语境；B“钦佩”、C“致敬”、D“表扬”语义不符 3. It was her ______ that made her keep trying even after repeated failures. A. insist B. insistence C. persistent D. insisting 答案：B。名词作主语，“坚持”用insistence；A是动词，C是形容词，D是动名词，语法不当 4. The two companies decided to ______ with each other to develop new products. A. cooperate B. compete C. connect D. combine 答案：A。cooperate with“与……协作”，符合“联合开发产品”语境；B“竞争”、C“连接”、D“结合”语义不符 5. He has a strong ______ for knowledge and reads every day. A. desire B. demand C. request D. need 答案：A。desire for“对……的渴望”，固定搭配；B“要求”、C“请求”、D“需要”无此搭配 6. Scientists have made a major ______ in the treatment of cancer. A. breakthrough B. breakdown C. breakout D. breakup 答案：A。breakthrough“突破”，符合“癌症治疗领域”语境；B“故障”、C“爆发”、D“分手”语义不符 7. We need to ______ the effect of the new policy before promoting it nationwide. A. access B. assess C. assign D. assist 答案：B。assess“评估”，符合“推广前评估效果”语境；A“进入”、C“分配”、D“协助”语义不符 8. His ______ to the company for over 30 years is unforgettable. A. devotion B. donation C. direction D. decision 答案：A。devotion to“对……的奉献”，固定搭配；B“捐赠”、C“方向”、D“决定”语义不符 9. Learning a foreign language requires ______ and consistent practice. A. patient B. patience C. impatient D. patiently 答案：B。名词作宾语，“耐心”用patience；A是形容词，C是形容词否定式，D是副词，语法不当 10. She finally ______ her shyness and gave a wonderful speech. A. overcame B. overlooked C. overtook D. overcame 答案：A。overcome“克服”，符合“克服害羞”语境；B“忽视”、C“超过”语义不符；D为重复选项，正确形式为overcame 3. 句子翻译 1. 他在环保领域的成就值得我们所有人尊重。 答案：His achievements in the field of environmental protection deserve the respect of all of us. 解析：“成就”用复数achievements，“环保领域”译为the field of environmental protection，“值得尊重”用deserve the respect。 2. 团队协作是完成这个复杂项目的关键。 答案：Team cooperation is the key to completing this complex project. 解析：“团队协作”译为team cooperation，“关键”用the key to（to为介词，后接动名词）。 3. 她凭借坚持和努力实现了自己的梦想。 答案：She realized her dream through persistence and hard work. 解析：“凭借”用through，“坚持”译为persistence（名词），“实现梦想”用realize one’s dream。 4. 科学家们在新能源技术上取得了重大突破。 答案：Scientists have made a major breakthrough in new energy technology. 解析：“取得突破”用make a breakthrough，“新能源技术”译为new energy technology，用现在完成时表成果。 5. 我们需要客观评估这个计划的优缺点。 答案：We need to objectively assess the advantages and disadvantages of this plan. 解析：“客观评估”译为objectively assess（副词修饰动词），“优缺点”用advantages and disadvantages。 6. 对知识的渴望促使他不断学习和进步。 答案：The desire for knowledge drives him to keep learning and making progress. 解析：“对知识的渴望”译为the desire for knowledge，“促使某人做某事”用drive sb. to do sth.。 7. 他对慈善事业的奉献赢得了社会的广泛认可。 答案：His devotion to charity has won widespread social recognition. 解析：“对慈善事业的奉献”译为devotion to charity，“广泛认可”用widespread social recognition。 8. 克服语言障碍需要耐心和大量的练习。 答案：Overcoming language barriers requires patience and a lot of practice. 解析：“克服语言障碍”译为overcoming language barriers（动名词作主语），“大量练习”用a lot of practice。 9. 这个项目的成功离不开每一位成员的努力和协作。 答案：The success of this project is inseparable from the efforts and cooperation of every member. 解析：“离不开”译为be inseparable from，“每一位成员”用every member。 10. 我们应该尊重不同文化背景下人们的不同成就。 答案：We should respect the different achievements of people from different cultural backgrounds. 解析：“不同文化背景”译为different cultural backgrounds，“尊重成就”用respect achievements。 1. 阅读理解 Last summer, I embarked on an adventure that I will never forget. My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. Located far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the mountains appeal to us hikers by the unique scenery. We packed our bags with essentials and set off early in the morning. The hike started off smoothly. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and the air was crisp and clean. We followed the trail, chatting and laughing as we went along. However, little did we know that our peaceful hike was about to take a dramatic turn. As we climbed higher, the trail became more difficult to follow. The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. Suddenly, we realized we were lost. Panic began to set in, but we quickly reminded ourselves to stay calm and think of a solution. We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. One of my friends suggested we backtrack along the trail, but another thought we should keep going forward in hopes of finding a trail or a landmark we could recognize. In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. We marked our path with stones and branches to ensure we could backtrack if necessary. As we walked, we kept our eyes peeled for any signs of civilization or a familiar trail. Hours passed, and the sun began to set. Our spirits were low, and our energy was decreasing. Just when we thought all hope was lost, we spotted a faint light in the distance. With renewed determination, we hurried towards it. As we got closer, we realized it was a small mountain hut, occupied by a friendly old man. He welcomed us in, offered us food and water, and listened to our story. With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. Looking back on that adventure, I realize how important it is to stay calm and think clearly in difficult situations. It was a challenging experience, but it also taught me valuable lessons about teamwork, perseverance, and the importance of preparation. 1．What was the purpose of the author’s trip? A．To visit a friend in the remote mountains. B．To relax himself by hiking in the remote mountains. C．To collect samples for a scientific study. D．To take photographs of the unique scenery. 2．Which of the following item is most likely to be the “essentials” mentioned by the author in paragraph 1? A．Makeups B．Laptops C．Compasses D．Headphones 3．What did the author and his friends do after finding a safe spot to rest? A．They waited for help to arrive. B．They slept for a few hours to regain energy. C．They discussed their options and made a plan. D．They decided to hike back down the mountain immediately. 4．What did the old man in the mountain hut do for the author and his friends? A．He guided them back to the main trail. B．He provided them with food and shelter C．He called for rescue services. D．He offered them medical assistance. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了去年夏天在山里的一次冒险经历。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains, which we had once explored for the collection of samples for our scientific research. (我和我的朋友决定去深山远足，我们曾经探索过那里，为我们的科学研究收集样本。)”可知，作者旅行的目的是为科学研究收集样本。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据上文的“My friends and I decided to go hiking in the remote mountains”和“We packed our bags with”以及第三段的句子“The map we had seemed outdated, and the compass wasn’t cooperating. (我们的地图似乎过时了，指南针也不配合。)”可知，作者和朋友去山里远足，包里装的必需品一定是指南针。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“We decided to find a safe spot to rest and reassess our situation. After a short search, we found a small cave nearby, which provided some shelter from the sun. Inside the cave, we gathered our thoughts and discussed our options. (我们决定找一个安全的地方休息一下，重新评估一下我们的处境。经过短暂的搜寻，我们在附近找到了一个小洞穴，可以遮阳。在洞穴里，我们收集了我们的想法，讨论了我们的选择。)”和第五段的句子“In the end, we decided to take a gamble and continue forward. (最后，我们决定赌一把，继续前进。)”可知，作者和他的朋友们在找到一个安全的地方休息后，他们讨论了他们的选择，并制定了一个计划。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“With his help, we were able to find our way back to the main trail the next morning. (在他的帮助下，第二天早上我们找到了回到主干道的路。)”可知，老人指引他们回到了主干道的路。故选A项。 2. 语法填空 First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known American author E. B．White and 1 （illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep friendship 2 shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte. While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs 3 （kill）when they reach a certain size and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves him 4 his date with the butcher’s knife. The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, 5 while Wilbur survives, Charlotte does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death and renewal. Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are inevitable: All living creatures are born, 6 （have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this natural circle without regret. Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, 7 （ensure）that new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for 8 we’ve lost, but as blessings to build on what we’ve learned. “Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B．White had on his farm in Maine, 9 he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book 10 never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs, are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”. 【答案】 1．illustrated 2．he 3．to be killed 4．from 5．because 6．have 7．ensuring 8．what 9．where 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：《夏洛特的网》于1952年10月15日首次出版，是一本受欢迎的儿童读物，由美国著名作家E. B.怀特撰写，加思·威廉姆斯配图，主题涉及友谊、失去、命运、接受和重生的本质。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰book，book和illustrate为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填illustrated。 2．考查代词。句意：故事围绕着一只名叫威尔伯的猪，以及他与一只名叫夏洛特的非凡天才蜘蛛之间不太可能但却深厚的友谊展开。根据下文“keep Wilbur from his fate”提到his fate可知，此处应为代词he指代上文提到的Wilbur。故填he。 3．考查动词不定式的被动结构。句意：在农场里，当猪长到一定的尺寸和年龄时，被杀死是很正常的，聪明的夏洛特想出了一个计划，通过在她的网里织词来创造一个相当于一只猪的宣传活动，让威尔伯免受他的命运。此处为固定句型it is+adj +for sb to do sth“做某事对于……是怎样的”，所以此处为动词不定式形式，结合pigs和kill为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be killed。 4．考查介词。句意：通过把威尔伯提升到名人的地位，夏洛特最终把他从屠刀的约会中救了出来。此处为固定短语save sb from…“从……解救出来”，所以此处为介词from的填入。故填from。 5．考查连词。句意：然而，《夏洛的网》的结局苦乐参半，因为威尔伯活了下来，夏洛却没有。根据句意可知，此处为because“因为”引导的原因状语从句，强调直接原因，满足句意要求，故填because。 6．考查动词。句意：所有的生物都出生，有生命周期，然后死亡。由and连接的are born和die可知，此处也应为动词原形，保持并列谓语成分。故填have。 7．考查动名词。句意：夏洛帮助威尔伯认识到，永生并不是永远活着，而是确保新一代的到来。由but rather连接的living为动名词可知，此处也应为动名词形式，作介词about的宾语成分。故填ensuring。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然我们可能会失去一个朋友，但新的友谊可能会出现，不是取代我们失去的，而是在我们所学到的基础上的祝福。分析句子可知，此处为连接代词what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“失去的东西”。故填what。 9．考查定语从句。句意：《夏洛特的网》的灵感来自作者E. B.怀特在缅因州农场的真实经历，他在那里写了这本书，直到1985年去世。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词farm在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。 10．考查情态动词。句意：虽然作者声称这本书永远不能被认为是一个道德故事，但与道德原则或对与错有关的某些信息显然在《夏洛特的网》中得到了确立。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词can，和空后的never be构成can never be“不可能做到”，满足句意要求。故填can。 书面表达 假如你是学生李华，在校广播台Campus English栏目成立10周年之际，请你给栏目编辑写一封信，内容包括： 1. 作为 Campus English 栏目的忠实听众，对其成立10周年表示祝贺； 2.赞赏该栏目的优点并提出你的建议。 周年：anniversary 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Ming 【答案】 Dear editor, I’m Li Hua, a student in senior 2. Congratulations on the 10th anniversary of Campus English! I have been its fan for two years. I really find your program beneficial to me. First, the announcers speak in fluent and authentic English. I often imitate their pronunciation and intonation. Second, I like the English songs, which help me relax. However, I think it would be better to add something new, which covers English learning experience as well as excellent compositions from the students. I would appreciate it if my suggestion could be adopted. Yours, Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校广播台Campus English栏目编辑写一封信，对其成立10周年表示祝贺，赞赏该栏目的优点并提出你的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：advice→suggestion 广播员：broadcaster→announcers 有益的：helpful→beneficial 作品：work→composition 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：First, the announcers speak in fluent and authentic English. I often imitate their pronunciation and intonation. 拓展句：First, I often imitate the pronunciation and intonation because the announcers speak in fluent and authentic English. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Second, I like the English songs, which help me relax. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I would appreciate it if my suggestion could be adopted. (运用了it作形式宾语句型) 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $